Ewa Giermanowska, Katarzyna Górniak, Mirosław Kaczmarek

Ewa Giermanowska, Katarzyna Górniak, Mirosław Kaczmarek

Elżbieta Tarkowska (red.)
Ewa Giermanowska, Katarzyna Górniak, Mirosław Kaczmarek,
Agnieszka Kalbarczyk, Aureliusz Leżański,
Mariola Racław-Markowska, Lidia Ułanowska
UBÓSTWO I WYKLUCZENIE
SPOŁECZNE MŁODZIEŻY
Raport z badań
Opracowania PBZ
Warszawa 2007
SPIS TREŚCI
OD KOORDYNATORA PROJEKTU „POLSKA BIEDA III” ...................................................................5
WPROWADZENIE ...........................................................................................................................................8
Rozdział 1
SYSTEM EDUKACJI WOBEC UBÓSTWA I WYKLUCZENIA SPOŁECZNEGO .............................11
1.1. Wprowadzenie ........................................................................................................................................11
1.2. Ubóstwo i wykluczenie społeczne dzieci i młodzieży ..............................................................................11
1.3. System edukacji a postulat wyrównywania szans edukacyjnych .........................................................18
1.4. Szkoła wobec ubóstwa i wykluczenia społecznego: wyniki badania terenowego................................36
1.5. Podsumowanie. System edukacji a potrzeby ucznia biednego .............................................................96
Bibliografia.....................................................................................................................................................101
Educational System, Poverty and Social Exclusion (summary) .....................................................................106
Rozdział 2
DZIEDZICZENIE BIEDY I WYCHODZENIE Z BIEDY W RODZINACH BYŁYCH
PRACOWNIKÓW PGR-ÓW .......................................................................................................................108
2.1. Wprowadzenie: przedmiot i cele badania ...........................................................................................108
2.2. Osiedla popegeerowskie jako enklawy ubóstwa.................................................................................111
2.3. Przeszłość PGR-ów.............................................................................................................................114
2.4. Ubóstwo w byłych PGR-ach...............................................................................................................117
2.5. Pamięć pegeerowskiej przeszłości......................................................................................................118
2.6. Młodzież z byłych PGR-ów................................................................................................................120
2.7. Punkt wyjścia: o badaniu Dawne i nowe formy ubóstwa: styl życia biednych rodzin (1997/1998) ...122
2.8. Badanie losów młodego pokolenia: ogólna charakterystyka wyników ..............................................124
2.9. Skuteczne wychodzenie z ubóstwa: edukacja i samodzielność (rodzina U.)......................................126
2.10. Skuteczne wychodzenie z ubóstwa przy braku samodzielności młodego pokolenia (rodzina O.) ...129
2.11. Między „dziedziczeniem” biedy a samodzielnością (rodzina N.).....................................................132
2.12. Trudny start w dorosłość – rodzice jako obciążenie (rodzina P.) .....................................................134
2.13. Walka o przetrwanie (rodzina W.)....................................................................................................137
2.14. Podsumowanie, wnioski, rekomendacje ...........................................................................................138
2.15. Zakończenie optymistyczne..............................................................................................................141
Bibliografia.....................................................................................................................................................142
Inheritance of poverty and coming out of poverty among the families from former state farms (summary) ..........145
Rozdział 3
LOSY USAMODZIELNIANYCH WYCHOWANKÓW DOMÓW DZIECKA .....................................147
3.1. Wprowadzenie ....................................................................................................................................147
3.2. Proces usamodzielnienia w polityce społecznej .....................................................................................148
3.3. Proces usamodzielniania w opinii wychowanków domów dziecka – wyniki badań empirycznych ...........159
3.4. Zakończenie ........................................................................................................................................176
Aneks. Praktycy o usamodzielnieniu wychowanków domów dziecka ..........................................................179
Załącznik ........................................................................................................................................................190
Bibliografia.....................................................................................................................................................201
Life afterwards – the fate of children raised in children's homes after gaining independence (summary) ...202
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FROM CO-ORDINATOR OF PROJECT „POLSKA BIEDA III” .............................................................5
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 1
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION...................................................11
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................11
1.2. Poverty and social exclusion among children and young adults ................................................................11
1.3. The educational system and the postulate of equal educational opportunities .....................................18
1.4. The school's approach towards poverty and social exclusion: results of field research .......................36
1.5. Summary. The educational system and the needs of poor pupils .........................................................96
Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................101
Educational System, Poverty and Social Exclusion (summary) .....................................................................106
Chapter 2
THE INHERITANCE OF POVERTY AND COMING OUT OF POVERTY AMONG
THE FAMILIES FROM FORMER STATE FARMS ..............................................................................108
2.1. Introduction: subject and aims of the present study............................................................................108
2.2. Former state farm settlements as enclaves of poverty.........................................................................111
2.3. The past of state farms ........................................................................................................................114
2.4. Poverty in former state farms..............................................................................................................117
2.5. Remembrance of state farms...............................................................................................................118
2.6. Adolescents of former state farms ......................................................................................................120
2.7. The starting point: about the “Old and New Forms of Poverty in Poland: Life Styles
of Poor Families” study (1997/1998)..................................................................................................122
2.8. The fate of the young generation: general characteristics of the research ..........................................124
2.9. Successfully fighting poverty: acquiring of education and independence (family U.).......................126
2.10. Successfully fighting poverty while the young generation lacks independence (family O.) ............129
2.11. Between the "inheritance" of poverty and independence (family N.)...............................................132
2.12. A difficult entry into adulthood – parents as a burden (family P.) ...................................................134
2.13. The struggle for survival (family W.) ...............................................................................................137
2.14. Summary, conclusions, recommendations........................................................................................138
2.15. An optimistic ending.........................................................................................................................141
Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................142
Inheritance of poverty and coming out of poverty among the families from former state farms (summary) ..........145
Chapter 3
LIFE AFTERWARDS – THE FATE OF CHILDREN RAISED IN CHILDREN'S
HOMES AFTER GAINING INDEPENDENCE........................................................................................147
3.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................147
3.2. The process of gaining independence in social policy ............................................................................148
3.3. The process of gaining independence as seen by children brought up in children's homes
– the results of empirical studies ............................................................................................................159
3.4. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................176
Annex .............................................................................................................................................................179
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................190
Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................201
Life afterwards – the fate of children raised in children's homes after gaining independence (summary) ...202
4