Mikołaj PROTASOWICKI, Andrzej CHODYNIECKI FÏSH AS AN
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Mikołaj PROTASOWICKI, Andrzej CHODYNIECKI FÏSH AS AN
Mikołaj PROTASOWICKI, Andrzej CHODYNIECKI A gricultural Academ y in Szczecin Institute of the Technology of Sea Foods FÏSH AS AN INDICATOR OF POLLUTION OF THE BALTIC SEA WATERS WITH SOME HEAVY METALS C o n t e n t s : 1. Introduction, 2. M aterial and m ethods, 3. D iscussion of th e resu lts, 4. Conclusions; Streszczenie; R eferences 1. INTRODUCTION W hen considering the problem of the pollution of the m arine environ m ent \$ith heavy metals, th e presence of copper and zinc is discussed, among other things. Several reports in th e literatu re have pointed out enhanced levels of these elem ents in w aters and sedim ents of estuary and coastal zones and in the tissue ot organism s living in these w ater bodies [3, 4], The know n ability of aquatic organism s to accum ulate heavy m e tals m ay be utilised for m onitoring environm ental pollution. The in creased level of th e elem ents in th e organisms as com pared w ith th a t of w ater facilitates the analytical procedure. The objectives of this paper w ere to explain how much th e copper and zinc levels in fish taken from various regions of the Baltic Sea are differentiated and to learn w hether selected fish species can provide indicators of th e pollution of w aters w ith these metals. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 25 herrings (Clupea harengus L.) and 25 sprats (S prattus sprattus L.), taken in th e period F eb ru ary — A pril 1977, w ere exam ined. The locations at w hich the fish w ere taken, num ber of fish and th eir m ean masses are shown in Figure (p. 72). Whole fish w ere stored at — 36°C before analysis. In th e case of herrings, dorsal muscles w ere analysed and in th a t of sprats — headed, gutted and definned individuals. A 10-g sample was w et com busted in 65 per cent H N 0 3 for 12 h at room tem peratu re and then for 2 days at 60—70°C. The sam ple/acid ratio was 1 : 2 (w /v). The w et com bustion was perform ed in an E rlenOceanology No 13(1980) m eyer flask covered w ith a w atch glass. A fter cooling, the solution was filtered into a volum etric flask and made up to 10 cm 3. In this solution the copper content was determ ined. To determ ine zinc, aliquots of this solution w ere diluted 25-fold w ith deionized w ater. The m etal content was determ ined by atomic absorption spectrom e try (AAS) in an air-acetylene flam e on a V arian Techtron Model 1200 spectrophotom eter u nder optim um conditions. P arallel blank determ i nations w ere run. Calibration curves w ere prepared by th e addition method. The resu lts w ere treated statistically. 3. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS As some authors found correlations betw een th e mass of a fish and the heavy m etal level in it [1], an attem p t was made to confirm this. The calculated correlation coefficients did not differ substantially from O, thus indicating th a t th ere was no such correlation. This finding enabled us to ignore the problem of com parativeness of th e masses of fish taken in individual regions. T ab le 1. C opper and zinc lev els in h errin g s, ¡¿g g-i T ab. 1. Z aw a rto ść m iedzi i c$>nku w śledziach, ¡¿g g~l Z inc -- Cynik C o p p er — M iedź F ish in g g ro u n d Łowislko X ± S(x) H om ogeneous g ro u p s a G ra p y je d n o ro d n e a F ishin g g roun d Ł ow isko X + S(x) 4 0 .3 3 2 ± 0 .1 4 2 T 4 4.851+ 1.131 3 0.409+ 0.065 i 2 5.598± 0.382 5 0 .686± 0.077 3 e ^O O + fl^ 2 0.940+ 0.117 1 6.205+2.099 1 1.135±0.286 5 10.547+2.442 I H om ogeneous gr oups a ) G ru p y je d n o ro d n e J a)H om ogeneous groups w ere d e te rm in e d a t a =0.05. — G ru p y jed n o ro d n e w yznaczono p rzy a = 0,0 5 T able 2. C opper an d zinc levels in sp rats, ^ g g-i T ab. 2. Z aw arto ść m iedzi i cynku w szprotach , ¡¿g g-i C opper — M iedź F ish in g g ro u n d Ł ow isko x + S(x) H om ogeneous g roups a G ru p y je d n o ro d n e a Z inc -- C y n k F ish in g groun d Ł ow isko x ± S(x) Homogeneouls g roups *) G ru p y je d n o ro d n e / 2 0 .5 62+ 0.128 J 2 20.704+5.431 6 0.775+ 0.101 i 6 24.738+2.798 4 1.058+ 0.499 T 4 25.721+ 1.637 3 1 .3 1 0 + 0 .0 6 2 j. 3 34.632+5.432 a) H om ogeneous groups w ere p rz y d e te rm in e d a ta ^ = 0 .0 5 . — G ru p y je d n o ro d n e * ] w yznaczono a = 0 ,0 5 The results showed th a t th e m ean levels of copper in herrings and in sprats ranged from 0.332 ±0.142 to 1.135 ±0.286 ¡xg g '1 (Table 1) and from 0.562 ±0.128 to ±1.310 ±0.062 jxg g '1 (Table 2), respectively. The zinc levels w ere higher and ranged from 4.851 ±1.131 to 10.547 ±2.442 ug g _1 in herrings and from 20.704 ±5.431 to 34.632 ±5.432 ¡xg g_1 in sprats. On the basis of the variance analysis in single classification and on mean grouping by th e T ukey m ethod it can be concluded th a t the hig hest copper levels in herrings occurred in fish taken in grounds Nos. 1 and 2 and in sprats in fish taken in grounds Nos. 3 and 4. The highest zinc level was noted in herrings taken in ground No. 5 and in sprats taken in ground No. 3. Hence, it can be concluded th a t the copper and zinc levels in the Baltic herrings and sprats depend on the location of the ground. This can be explained in term s of differentiation of m etal levels in the Baltic Sea found by G erm an authors [2]. It seems likely th a t the enhanced levels of the elem ents in fish taken in the coastal regions is due to pollution of th e m arine environm ent by man. On the other hand, it is known th a t w ater in the regions of deeps w ith increased salinity has higher m etal levels — hence the increased levels of these m etals in fish taken there. The correlation betw een the levels of copper and zinc in fish and th e levels of these m etals in w ater suggests th a t herrings and sprats m ay provide indicator organism s for the m onitoring of w ater pollution w ith these metals. 4. CONCLUSIONS 1. H errings and sprats m ay provide indicator organism s for the m onitoring of w ater pollution w ith copper and zinc. 2. The levels of copper and zinc in herrings and sprats taken in the Baltic Sea w ere found to depend on the location of the fishing grounds. 3. No correlation was found betw een th e mass of fish and the levels of the tw o m etals in th e ir tissues. Mikołaj PROTASOWICKI, A ndrzej CHODYNIECKI A k ad em ia R olnicza w Szczecinie I n s ty tu t T echnologii Ż yw ności P ochodzenia M orskiego RYBY JAKO WSKAŹNIK ZANIECZYSZCZENIA WÓD BAŁTYKU NIEKTÓRYMI METALAMI CIĘŻKIMI S tresicien ie W organizm ach zw ierząt w odnych żyjących w w odach p rzy u jścio w y ch i p rzy b rzeż n y ch stw ie rd z a się podw yższone zaw arto ści m e tali ciężkich spow odow ane biokonc e n tra c ją ty ch m etali. Zdolność organizm ów w odnych do k u m u la c ji m e tali ciężkich um ożliw ia stosow anie ich ja k o w skaźników zanieczyszczenia śro d o w isk a wodnego. B adano zaw artość m iedzi (Cu) i cynku (Zn) w śledziach i szp ro tach z różnych re jo nów B a łty k u . W ykazano, że ry b y ty ch g atu n k ó w m ogą być o rg an izm am i w sk a ź n ik o w y m i w b ad a n ia ch zanieczyszczenia wód. S tw ierdzono, że zaw arto ść m iedzi i cynku w śledziach i szprotach b ałty ck ich zależy od re jo n u ich odłow u. N ato m iast n ie stw ierd zo n o k o re la c ji m iędzy ciężarem ryb, a zaw arto ścią Cu i Z n w ich tk a n k ac h . W yniki b a d a ń poddano an alizie sta ty sty czn ej. REFERENCES 1. B o h n A., M c E l r o y R. O., Trace m etals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe and. Zn) in A rctic cod ,(Boreogadus saida), and selected Zooplankton f o r m S trathocona Sound, N orth ern Baf f i n Island, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 1976, 33 (12), p. 2836 — 2840. 2. B r ü g m a n n L., Z u r V erteilu n g einiger S c h w e r m e ta lle in der Ostsee — eine Übersicht, Acta Hydrocbim . Hydrobiol., 1977, 5 (1), p. 3 — 21. 3 J e r n e l ö v A., H e a v y m etals in the m arin e e n v iro n m e n t, D ischarge of S e w age from Sea O utfalls, Proc. Int. Symp., Pergam on P ress, 1975, 12, p. 115 — 122. 4. S u e s s E., E r l e n k e u s e r H., H istory of m eta l pollution and carbon in p u t in Baltic Sea sed im en ts, M eyniana, 1975, 27 (11), p. 63 — 75.