AGE AND GROWTH RATE OF THE ROACH (Rutilus rutilus L

AGE AND GROWTH RATE OF THE ROACH (Rutilus rutilus L

Acta Sci. Pol., Piscaria 4(1-2) 2005, 59-70
AGE AND GROWTH RATE OF THE ROACH
(Rutilus rutilus L.) FROM THE SOLINA AND THE TRESNA
(ĩYWIECKIE LAKE) DAM RESERVOIRES
Piotr Epler, Wáodzimierz Popek, Ewa àuszczek-Trojnar,
Ewa Drąg-Kozak, Paweá Szczerbik, Magdalena Socha
Agricultural University in Crakow, Poland
Abstract. Roach spawners 305 were collected during fishing carried out in the Solina dam
reservoir and 256 roach spawners in the Tresna dam reservoir within 1997-2001.The individual
body length and body weight of the fish were measured, additionally scales were collected for
the age estimation. The growth of fish were determined by empirical measurements.
Coefficients of condition were estimated using the Fulton formula. The results showed that
roach from the Solina reservoir was at age 3-8, with the predominated age-classes of 4+
(33.3% of the whole sample) and 5+ (39%). The roach from the Tresna reservoir was at age
2-11, and the participation of fish in the particular age-classes ranged from 6% (2+) to 13.8%
(4+). The highest value of the mean annual body length increment was observed at age 4+
(3.3 cm) and the lowest at age 8+ (0.6 cm) in the Solina reservoir. Similar results were
obtained in case of the roach from Tresna reservoir, which showed the highest mean annual
body length increment at age 4+ and the lowest at age 8+. The highest annual body weight
increment of roach in Solina was recorded at age 4+ (53.9 g) and 7+ (49 g), whereas
the lowest one at age 5+ (24.5 g), 6+ (26.8 g) and 8+ (8.5 g). In the case of roach from Tresna
the highest annual body weight increments were noted at age 9+, 6+ and 7+ : 95.0, 57.3 g and
51.2 g, respectively. The values of condition coefficient were similar in both reservoires.
No significant differences were observed between values of the annual body length and
weight increments of the particular age-classes from the Solina and Tresna dam reservoires.
Key words: age, dam reservoir, growth rate, Rutilus rutilus, Solina, Tresna
INTRODUCTION
The management of fisheries and angling in the dam reservoires has to be based on
the ichthyological and biological studies of fish species that occur in this environment
[MastyĔski 1991]. One of the most important elements is determination of age and
Corresponding author – Adres do korespondencji: Prof. dr hab. Piotr Epler, Department of
Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Agricultural University in Cracow, Spiczakowa 6, 30-199 Kraków-Mydlniki, Poland
60
P. Epler et al.
growth rate of fish, particularly of the species dominated by quantity in the ichthyofauna composition [Heese 1992].
In the earlier ichthyological studies roach was the third species in the Solina ichtyofauna
by quantity (9.2%) of fish captured with the nets, followed the bream (57.8%) and
the crucian carp (16.1%), whereas it was a dominant (48-50%) in the angling catches
[Bieniarz and Epler 1993].
In the ichtyofauna of Tresna dam reservoir [Epler and Bieniarz 1977] roach catches
contributed 2.14% by weight of fish in the commercial catches, being the fifth species
followed the bream, vimba, pikeperch and pike, whereas it was a dominant in the angling
catches, contributing up 67.9% by weight of fish collected [Bieniarz et al. 1990].
This species was examined in other water bodies as well [KarpiĔska-WaluĞ 1961,
Skóra 1964a, WilkoĔska 1975], but there was a lack of data from the Solina and Tresna
reservoires.
The object of present paper is to determine the age and growth rate of roach, which
is a very important component of ichtyofauna in the Solina and Tresna reservoires.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material to study was collected within 1997-2001 from the occasional
commercial catches and from angling catches performed in the Solina and Tresna
(ĩywieckie Lake) reservoires. A total of 305 individuals from the Solina reservoir and
256 individuals from Tresna reservoir were examined. The measurements of total length
longitudo totalis (l.t.) and standard (body) length longitudo corporis (l.c.) were made to
the nearest 0.5 cm, and individual weight was established to the nearest 5 g. From each
fish the scales were collected to determine age with the Zeiss projector and measuring
microscope.
The growth rate of length was determined with the method of empirical
measurements. The coefficient of condition “k” was calculated used the Fulton formula.
Data on length and weight of fish body, as well as annual increments of length and
weight of roach from two reservoires were compared used the non-parametric
Man-Whitney test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Age of fish investigated ranged from 3+ to 8+ (Table 1). The greatest number of
individuals (39%) was found in the 5+ age-class, then in the 4+ age-class (33.3%) and
6+ one (14.9%). The contribution of remaining age-classes covered the range from 1%
(8+) to 6.7% (3+) (Table 1). The growth rate of roach from the Solina until the eighth
year of life was calculated based on the body length (Table 1). The growth is irregular;
the highest increments of length are attained by roach between third and fourth years of
life (ca. 3.3 cm). In the consecutive years the increment oscillates around 1 cm, to
Acta Sci. Pol.
Age and growth rate of the roach...
61
decrease to 0.6 cm in the eighth year. The mean increments of weight are also
the highest between third and fourth year of life – 53.9 g, in two consecutive years
amount to 24.5 and 26.8 g, respectively, in the seventh year increase to 49 g, whereas in
the eighth year it is only 8.5 g (Table 1).
Table 1. The averages of: total length (l.t.), body length (l.c.), body weight, body length
increments, body weight increments and coefficient of condition in particular ageclasses of the roach from the Solina reservoir
Tabela 1. ĝrednie: dáugoĞci caákowitej (l.t.), dáugoĞci ciaáa (l.c.), masy ciaáa, przyrostów dáugoĞci
ciaáa, przyrostów masy ciaáa oraz wspóáczynnik kondycji w poszczególnych grupach
wiekowych páoci ze Zbiornika SoliĔskiego
Age-classes
Grupy wieku
Percentage
Udziaá procentowy
Mean l.t., cm
ĝrednia l.t., cm
Mean l.c., cm
ĝrednia l.c., cm
Mean l.c. increment, cm
ĝredni przyrost l.c., cm
Mean body weight, g
ĝrednia masa ciaáa, g
Mean body weight increment, g
ĝredni przyrost masy ciaáa, g
Coefficient of condition
Wspóáczynnik kondycji
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
6.70
33.30
39.0
14.90
5.10
1.00
15.80
19.90
21.3
22.30
23.50
25.00
14.00
17.30
18.0
19.20
20.50
21.10
–00
3.30
0.9
1.00
1.30
0.60
47.30
101.20
125.7
152.50
201.50
210.00
–00
53.90
24.5
26.80
49.00
8.50
1.19
1.28
1.3
1.37
1.56
1.34
The estimated coefficient of condition (k) ranges from 1.19 (3+) to 1.56 (7+). It was
increasing regularly from 3+ to 7+, and decreased to 1.34 in the eighth year of life
(Table 1). The condition of roach from the Solina (Table 2) is better when compared to
roach from the Goczaákowice and Kozáowa Góra [Skóra 1964a, b], however worse
when compared to fish from the Lakes Biaáe and Czarne [StroiĔski 1971].
Table 2. Comparison of condition coefficients of the roach from the Solina dam reservoir with
other dam reservoires and lakes of Poland
Tabela 2. Porównanie wspóáczynników kondycji páoci z SoliĔskiego Zbiornika Zaporowego
ze wspóáczynnikami kondycji tego gatunku w zbiornikach zaporowych i jeziorach
naturalnych Polski
Age-classes
Grupy wieku
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Solina (own research – badania wáasne)
1.19
1.28
1.3
1.37
1.56
1.34
Goczaákowice [Skóra 1964a]
1.05
1.07
1.21
1.25
1.26
1.26
Kozáowa Góra [Skóra 1964b]
–
1.23
1.01
1.11
1.13
1.17
Jezioro Biaáe – Biaáe Lake [StroiĔski 1971]
1.87
1.98
1.92
1.96
2.06
–
Jezioro Czarne – Czarne Lake [StroiĔski 1971]
1.38
1.13
1.19
1.84
1.59
1.37
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P. Epler et al.
64
Table 3. Age, mean total length, mean body length, mean annual body length increments and
body weight of the roach from the Tresna reservoir
Tabela 3. Wiek, Ğrednie dáugoĞci caákowite, Ğrednie masy ciaáa, oraz Ğrednie roczne przyrosty
dáugoĞci i masy ciaáa páoci z Tresnej
Age
Wiek
2+
Percentage
Udziaá procentowy
6.6
Mean l.t., cm
ĝrednia l.t., cm
10.6 13.5 17.6
Mean l.c., cm
ĝrednia l.c., cm
8+
9+
10+
11+
Total
Razem
9.7
10.5
6.6
7
100
27
28.6 29.5 30.5
–
8.5
11.1 14.6 17.3 19.3 21.4 22.4 23.5 24.6 25.5
–
Mean body weight, g
ĝrenia masa, g
15
31.9 69.8 106
Mean l.c. increments, cm
ĝrednie przyrosty l.c., cm
–
2.6
Mean body weight increments, g
ĝrednie przyrosty masy ciaáa, g
–
Coefficient of condition
Wspóáczynnik kondycji
30
4+
5+
6+
7+
11.8 13.8 12.5 11.3 10.2
21
23.5 25.7
163
214
270
365
380
402
–
2
2.1
1
1.1
1.1
0.9
–
16.9 37.9 35.7 57.3 51.2
56
95
16
22
–
–
–
–
–
3.5
1.01 1.15 1.19
2.7
1.1
1.48 1.42 1.30
T resna - own research - badania wáasne
Goczaákowice
Kozáowa Góra
Przeczyce
WĊgorzewskie
Libiszowskie
25
20
l.c., cm
3+
15
10
5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
Grupy wiekowe – Age-classes
Fig. 3. Age, mean total length, mean body length, mean annual body length increments and body
weight of the roach from the Tresna reservoir
Rys. 3. Wiek, Ğrednie dáugoĞci caákowite, Ğrednie masy ciaáa, oraz Ğrednie roczne przyrosty
dáugoĞci i masy ciaáa páoci z Tresnej
In the first years of life (2+ - 4+), the growth pattern of roach from the Tresna is
almost identical like in other water bodies (Fig. 3). The length curve that presents
the growth of roach from the Tresna indicates its irregular run with the declining
Acta Sci. Pol.
Age and growth rate of the roach...
65
tendency [KarpiĔska-WaluĞ 1961]. The slowing down of growth rate of roach may
result from the deteriorated food connditions for these age-classes, although according
to criteria given by WilkoĔska [1975] the growth rate of roach from the Tresna can be
considered as very good.
The comparison of growth rates of body weight of roach from the Tresna reservoir
and fish of this species from other water bodies (Fig. 4) shows that they are similar from
the second to fourth years of life, however they differ in minus and in plus in
the consecutive years. The weight increments of roach from the Tresna are globally
lower when compared to roach from the Goczaákowice and Przeczyce reservoires,
however higher when compared to fish from the Kozáowa Góra and Lake Biaáe.
Mean body weight, g – ĝrednia masa ciaáa, g
450
T resna - own research - dane wáasne
Goczaákowice
Kozáowa Góra
Przeczyce
Biaáe
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
Fig. 4. Comparison of the rate of the roach body weight growth from Tresna with the growth in
dam reservoires: Goczaákowice, Kozáowa Góra, Przeczyce and in Biaáe lake
Rys. 4. Porównanie tempa wzrostu masy ciaáa páoci w Tresnej ze wzrostem masy ciaáa tego gatunku w zbiornikach zaporowych: Goczaákowice, Kozáowa Góra, Przeczyce i jeziorze
Biaáym
Authors of the present paper realize that data concerning growth rate of fish length,
determined from the direct reading (the mean lengths calculated in age-classes) and
back-calculated growth rate may be uncomparable, because the edge increment of scale
overestimates the calculations. Nevertheless it seemed to be motivated, at least in some
extent, by common studies with Szypuáa et al. [2001] on fish growth rate in the dam
reservoires in Iraq, where in both methods the comparable results were obtained;
however the constant high water temperature may have been a vital factor in these
examinations. Bearing all facts in mind, data given in KarpiĔska-WaluĞ [1961] and
Heese [1992] should be treated as full years without extra “+”.
Piscaria 4(1-2) 2005
P. Epler et al.
66
When analyzed the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that roach in
the Tresna (Lake ĩywieckie) find there good environmental and developmental
conditions. The population is strong, what is confirmed by the high angling captures;
it can be limited by stocking the water bodies with the predatory fish species.
The comparison of length and weight increments in the consecutive years of the
roach life from both dam reservoires is presented in Fig. 5.
Body lenght l.c., cm – DáugoĞü ciaáa, cm
25
20
Solina
T resna
15
10
5
0
3+
4+
5+
6+
7+
8+
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
Body weight, g – Masa ciaáa, g
300
250
Solina
T resna
200
150
100
50
0
3+
4+
5+
6+
7+
8+
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
Acta Sci. Pol.
l.c. increments, cm – Przyrosty l.c., cm
Age and growth rate of the roach...
67
4
3,5
3
Solina
T resna
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
Body weight increments, g – Przyrosty masy ciaáa, g
3+
4+
5+
6+
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
7+
8+
7+
8+
70
Solina
60
T resna
50
40
30
20
10
0
3+
4+
5+
6+
Age-classes – Grupy wiekowe
Fig. 5. Comparison of the body length (l.c.), body weight, annual l.c. increments and annual body
weight increments of the roach from the Solina and the Tresna reservoires
Rys. 5. Porównanie wzrostu dáugoĞci i masy ciaáa oraz rocznych przyrostów dáugoĞci i masy ciaáa
u páoci z Soliny i Tresnej
Due to a great range of data derived from the individual measurements, a nonparametric test Man-Whitney was employed to the statistical calculations. The test
showed no statistically significant differences between the growth rates of roach from
the Solina and Tresna, among the age-classes compared, i.e., from 4+ to 7+.
Piscaria 4(1-2) 2005
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P. Epler et al.
CONCLUSIONS
The roach in both dam reservoires Solina and Tresna find favourable conditions for
development.
Its rate of growth is close to the growth pattern of this species in other dam
reservoires and higher than in the Mazurian Lakes. The population of roach is strong in
the Solina and Tresna, although this species should not dominate in the submontane
dam reservoires.
No statistically significant differences were found in the growth patterns of roach
from the Solina and Tresna reservoires.
REFERENCES
Bieniarz K., Epler P., Achinger J., 1990. Poáowy wĊdkarskie na ĩywieckim zbiorniku zaporowym
[Angling catches in the ĩywieckie dam reservoir]. Rocz. Nauk. PZW 3, 7-14 [in Polish].
Bieniarz K., Epler P., 1993. Poáowy wĊdkarskie na SoliĔskim zbiorniku zaporowym [Angling
catches in the Solina dam reservoir]. Rocz. Nauk. PZW 6, 5-18 [in Polish].
Epler P., Bieniarz K., 1977. Ichtiofauna zbiornika zaporowego [Ichthyofauna of the Tresna
reservoir dam]. Gospod. Ryb. 10, 8-11 [in Polish].
Heese T., 1992. Optymalizacja metody okreĞlania tempa wzrostu ryb za pomocą odczytów
wstecznych [Optimalization of the growth rate estimation with the back-calculations method].
Monogr. Politech. Koszal. 42, 7-155 [in Polish].
KarpiĔska-WaluĞ B., 1961. Wzrost páoci w jeziorach okolic WĊgorzowa [Growth pattern of
the roach in lakes near the village WĊgorzewo]. Rocz. Nauk Rol. Ser. B. 77, 2, 329-392
[in Polish].
MastyĔski J., 1991. Gospodarka rybacka w zbiornikach zaporowych [Fishery management in
the dam reservoires]. Skrypty AR, PoznaĔ [in Polish].
Skóra S., 1964a. Charakterystyka páoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) ze zbiornika Goczaákowickiego
[The roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from the Goczaákowice dam reservoir]. Acta Hydrobiol. 6, 351-374
[in Polish].
Skóra S., 1964b. Charakterystyka páoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) ze zbiornika w Kozáowej Górze
[The roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from the Kozáowa Góra dam reservoir]. Acta Hydrobiol. 6, 269-284
[in Polish].
Skóra S., 1972. The roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from the dam reservoir in Pieczyce. Acta
Hydrobiol. 14, 399-418.
StroiĔski R., 1971. Wzrost lina Tinca tinca L. i páoci Rutilus rutilus L. z jezior Libiszowskich
przed zasilaniem wodami kanaáu Wieprz-Krzna [Growth pattern of tench Tinca tinca L. and
roach Rutilus rutilus L. from the Lakes Libiszowskie beneath the inflow of the Wieprz-Krzna
canal waters]. Rocz. Nauk Rol. Ser. H. 92, 2, 67-85 [in Polish].
Szypuáa J., Ekler P., Bartel R., Szczerbowski A., 2001. Age and growth of fish in Lasek Tharthar,
Razzazah and Habbaniya. Arch. Pol. Fish. 9, Supl. 1, 185-197.
WilkoĔska H., 1975. RóĪnicowanie tempa wzrostu páoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) w jeziorach polskich
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Acta Sci. Pol.
Age and growth rate of the roach...
69
WIEK I WZROST PàOCI (Rutilus rutilus L.) ZE ZBIORNIKÓW
ZAPOROWYCH SOLINA I TRESNA (JEZIORO ĩYWIECKIE)
Streszczenie. Z odáowów gospodarczych i wĊdkarskich w zbiornikach zaporowych Solina
i Tresna pozyskano w latach 1997-2001 odpowiednio 305 i 256 páoci. Wykonano indywidualnie pomiary ichtiologiczne oraz pobrano áuski celem okreĞlenia wieku. Wzrost ryb
oznaczono metodą pomiarów rzeczywistych. Obliczono kondycjĊ badanych páoci za pomocą
wzoru Fultona. Wiek páoci z Soliny wahaá siĊ od 3 do 8 lat, przy czym dominującymi byáy
roczniki 4+ (33,3% wszystkich badanych ryb) i rocznik 5+ (39% ryb). Wiek páoci ze
zbiornika Tresna wahaá siĊ od 2 do 11 lat, a udziaá ryb w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych
wahaá siĊ od 6% (2+) do 13,8 % (4+). ĝredni przyrost ciaáa byá najwyĪszy w 4. roku Īycia
(3,3 cm), a najniĪszy w 8. (0,6 cm) w zbiorniku SoliĔskim. Podobne wyniki uzyskano
w przypadku páoci z Tresnej, gdzie najwyĪsze przyrosty dáugoĞci ciaáa przypadáy na 4. rok
Īycia, a najniĪsze na 11. NajwiĊksze roczne przyrosty masy ciaáa páoci z Soliny miaáy miejsce
w 4 (53,9 g) oraz w 7 roku (49 g), a najmniejsze w 5. i 6. roku Īycia. W przypadku páoci
z Tresnej najwiĊksze roczne przyrosty masy ciaáa wykazano w 9., 6. i 7. roku Īycia,
odpowiednio: 95, 57,3 oraz 51,2 g. WartoĞci wspóáczynnika kondycji páoci byáy zbliĪone
w obu zbiornikach. Porównanie masy ciaáa oraz rocznych dáugoĞci i masy ciaá poszczególnych roczników páoci z Soliny i Tresnej nie wykazaáo róĪnic statystycznie istotnych.
Sáowa kluczowe: Rutilus rutilus, Solina, tempo wzrostu, Tresna, wiek, zbiornik zaporowy
Accepted for print – Zaakceptowano do druku: 22.06.2005
Piscaria 4(1-2) 2005