tribological wear estimation of the engine oils used in drifting

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF VEHICLES 2(106)/2016
(12 pt)
(12 pt)
Maciej Foremny1, Szymon Gudowski2, Michał Malesza3,
Henryk Bąkowski4
(12 pt)
TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR ESTIMATION OF THE ENGINE OILS
USED IN DRIFTING
(12 pt)
1. Introduction
Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to
protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent
change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical
impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not
favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for
most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting.
(8 pt)
2. Test equipment and materials
2.1. Laboratory stand
The design and execution of the test, allows us to very accurately create the
conditions in which we want to test the oil (Fig. 1). Each result can be controlled using
two parameters, which are the results from the meter and view the sample used for
examination under a microscope. All these parameters allow for the verification and
evaluation of motor oil.
Fig. 1. Research equipment: a) experimental laboratory stand, b), scheme
1
Maciej Foremny, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology
Szymon Gudowski, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology
3
Michał Malesza, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology
4
Ph.D. Henryk Bąkowski, Assist. Prof., Faculty of Transport, Silesian University of Technology
2
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2.2. Materials and tests procedure
The material used for the study was chosen so as to reflect the terms of cooperation
the real object, ie. cam flank with a valve lifter contact. Used steel 100Cr6 hardened to
the hardness of 62 HRC.
(8 pt)
a)
b)
c)
Fig. 2. View of test samples in sliding contact: a) oil SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30
The study used oils for heavy duty lubrication (Fig. 2. a, b) used in extreme sports
(drifting) and oil (Fig. 2. c) used for engines operating in moderate conditions.
During tribological tests measured the resistance of the association to determine the
moment of seizure. The research were obtained paths of contact, which were used to the
quantitative metallographic examination. Figure 3 shows the position in which the
measured average paths contact.)
Fig. 3. Quantitative Metallographic Analysis of the friction path
Studies conducted in oil at 120°C and observed value in the whole test.
3. Results
3.1. Tribological test
Comparative tribological tests were performed on experimental stand in a ball-on
disc in sliding contact. The measurement results are shown in Figure 4.
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a)
5
4,5
Resistance, Ω
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Time
b)
25
Resistance, Ω
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Time
c)
50
45
Resistance, Ω
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Time
Fig. 4. Resistance versus time for: a) oil SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30
The best properties characterized SORT 5W30 oil and not observed the moment of
seizure (a sudden increase in value as a result of oxide formation and growth
temperature). In addition, the measured value of the parameter is low during the whole
research times in opposed to the other (Fig. 4 b, c). During the test the temperature,
which reached the engine oil by artificial heat only the oil grade 5W30 not changed. In
other cases, for SORT5W30 10W60 the temperature decreased.
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a)
b)
c)
Fig. 5. Surface friction: a) SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30
3.2. Metallographic results
The results of the quantitative metallographic investigation are shown in Table 1.
On figure 5 c observed spalling evidence of adhesive wear. Tacking and tearing
material from the surface demonstrates a lack of lubricant film and insufficient
lubrication conditions.
(8 pt)
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Table 1. Results statement of the quantitative metallographic
analysis for different oils
(8 pt)
Oil type
The width of
the friction
path, μm
Sort 5W30
10W60
5W30
849,25
912,34
987,12
(8 pt)
Metallographic examination allowed to define the mechanisms of wear (Fig. 5).
4. Conclusion
Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to
protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent
change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical
impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not
favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for
most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting. The design and execution
of the test, can very accurately create the conditions in which we want to test the oil.
On the discs used for testing motor oils, they are visible also quite strong discoloration of
color, which indicates that the oil does not allow for good lubrication and occurred to a
lot of friction, which has increased the temperature in the system.
(8 pt)
References:
[1]
Praca zbiorowa. Przemysłowe środki smarne. Poradnik, Total, Warszawa, 2003.
[2]
Harlecki A.: Analysis of dynamics of the piston-crank system of a selected
internal combustion engine with the use of the MSC.ADAMS and ANSYS
software interface. Combustion Engines. 2013, 154(3), 1076-1083.
Abstract
Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to
protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent
change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical
impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not
favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for
most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting.
The design and execution of the test, can very accurately create the conditions in
which we want to test the oil. On the discs used for testing motor oils, they are visible
also quite strong discoloration of color, which indicates that the oil does not allow for
good lubrication and occurred to a lot of friction, which has increased the temperature in
the system.
(8 pt)
Keywords: engine oil, drifting, extremal wearing.
OCENA ZUŻYCIA TRIBOLOGICZNEGO OLEJÓW SILNIKOWYCH
WYKORZYSTYWANYCH DO DRIFTU
Streszczenie
Olej silnikowy jest środkiem smarującym w silnikach spalinowych, którego
głównym zadaniem jest ochrona elementów silnika pracujących w różnych warunkach
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eksploatacyjnych. Warunki takie jak częste zmiany wilgotności, ciśnienia, temperatury i
obciążenia, a także zanieczyszczeń mechanicznych i chemicznych sprawiają, że
środowisko, w którym to działa olej silnikowy nie jest korzystne. W pracy podjęto próbę
oceny odporności na zużycie olejów silnikowych wykorzystywanych do większości
silników spalinowych stosowanych w ciężkim driftingu. Badania miały charakter
porównawczy. Badania pozwoliły na odwzrowanie warunków w których chcemy
sprawdzić olej. Na próbce używaną do badań są widoczne również bardzo silne
zabarwienie koloru, co oznacza, że olej nie pozwalił na dobre smarowanie i
występowaniem dużego tarcia, co spowodowało podwyższenie temperatury w układzie.
Słowa kluczowe: olej silnikowy, drift, zużycie ekstremalne.
(10 pt)
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