WP 4.2.2 Poland Country Study on Political

Transkrypt

www.4biomass.eu
Biomass - Fostering the Sustainable Usage of Renewable Energy Sources in Central Europe – Putting Biomass into Action!
WP 4.2.2
Poland
Country Study on Political Framework
and Availability of Biomass
Published by:
Institute of Power Engineering Warsaw
Author: Hanna Bartoszewicz-Burczy
November 2009
www.4biomass.eu
Country indicators: POLAND
Size of country
•
•
•
•
Population indicators
• Inhabitants: 38,125 million (total) (2007)
• Inhabitants per km2: 122
Total land area: 31 268 thous. hectares
Utilised agricultural area: 61%
Utilised forest area: 30%
Nature protection area:0,1%
• GDP per capita: 29,2 thous. PLN (7 119 Euro) in
2007
Economic indicators
•
•
•
•
Gross inland consumption: 4128 (PJ)
Total production of primary energy: 3094 (PJ)
(thereof renewable energy: 6,4 in %)
Primary production of renewable energy: 209 (PJ)
(thereof biomass and waste: 7,7 in %)
• Final energy consumption: 4129 (PJ)
• RES (biomass) shares of final energy consumption
5,8: (in %)
• Energy imports: 42 (in %)
Energy indicators
Availability of biomass
resources
•
•
Theoretical potential: 1 000 000 ha
Technical potential: 755 PJ/a
Sources: Mały Rocznik Statystyczny 2007 GUS, Warszawa 2007. Energy Balances of OECG countries, 2008 edition.,
Energia ze źródeł odnawialnych 2007. GUS, 2008
Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Warsaw GUS 2008.
Euro exchange rate into PLN in 2006 – 3,8951; 2007- 3,7829 NBP data.
General information
Poland is a medium-size country, with an area of 312 679 km2 (including inland waters as
well as a part of internal waters), situated in the central-eastern part of Europe. Poland is a
Baltic state.
In 2006 the population of the country was 38,125 million inhabitants, of which 23,401 million
(61,3%) was urban and 23,401 million (38,7%) rural population. The average density of
population was 122 inhabitants per 1 km2.
The neighbours of Poland are: at the western border Germany (467 km), at the south Czech
Republic (796 km) and Slovakia (541 km); at the east Ukraine (535 km) and Belarus (418
km); at the north Lithuania (104 km), the Kalinigrad Area of Russian Federation (210 km) and
the Baltic Sea (440 km). The area of Poland extends from latitudes 49000 and 54050 N and
longitudes 140 08 and 240 09 E.
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Poland is an agricultural and industrial country with high area of agricultural land and forests.
The predominance of lowlands, ca. 75,1% of the total area is very conductive to agriculture.
The areas elevated between 200 and 300 m above see level equal 16,2%, between 300 and
1000 - 8,5%, and only 0,2% of the area is 1000 m above see level.
In 2007 agriculture land covers the area of 19 069 thaus. ha, in this arable land orchards,
permanent meadows and pastures of 18 333 thous. ha. Forest land as well as woody and
bushy land covers 9 491 thous. ha and wasteland 489 thous. ha.
In 2007 the share of agricultural land in the total area of the country was about 61% and the
share of forests and woods ca. 30%.
The area of devastated and degraded land requiring reclamation and management in 2006
was 65 thous. ha (0,2% of the country total area.). Devastated and degraded land is a land
which has lost its utility value as well as land the utility value has declined due to a worsening
in natural conditions or environmental changes and industrial activity, etc.
Since 1999 Poland has three-tier administration system. There are gminas (gminy), powiats
(powiaty) and voivodships (wojewodztwa). On 2006 there were 314 poviats, 65 cities with
poviat status, 2478 gminas and 16 voivodships.
Main industries are: fuel and power industry, iron and steel, machine and electrical
engineering, electrical electronic, metal, chemical, mineral, food, timber, paper making, light
industries.
Since 1990 a process of social and political transition had been initiated in Poland. It included
deep reforms and structural transformation of the economy, i.e. departure from central
planning of the economy and introduction of market principles. The beginnings of reform
were difficult: large decline of industrial production, high inflation and more than 20%
decrease of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) had occurred. As early as in 1992 the downward
economic trends have been however stopped and since 1993 the economy started to
develop, reaching in 1995-1998 the GDP growth rate at the level of 4-7%.
In 2006 GDP reached 1 057 855 million PLN (ca. 271 586 million Euro), 27 742 PLN per
capita (7 122 Euro per capita). The GDP rate reached: 6,2% in 2006, 6,6% in 2007 and 4,9%
in 2008.
Poland has relatively large resources of solid fuels (hard coal and brown coal), modest
reserves of natural gas, insignificant of crude oil. Among the renewable Poland has
considerable resources of biomass. There is also a possibility of wider application of wind
and geothermal energy.
In 2007 energy production from renewables reached 208 666 TJ (6,9% of total primary
energy production and in 2006 respectively 210 552 TJ – 6,5% of total primary energy
production. Biomass is the dominant source and has large share of utilization, for local
heating ca. 70%, for electricity ca. 29% and 1% for district heating.
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Table. RES balance in Poland in 2007
Item
Biomass
Solar energy
Hydro energy
Wind energy
Biogas
landfield
- sewage
other
Liquid biofuels
bioethanol
biodisel
Geothermal energy
Municipal waste
RES
Indigenous
production
190 510
15
8 467
1 878
2 708
879
1 802
27
2 792
1 822
439
35
208 666
[TJ]
Import
Export
-
-
Stock
changes
-924
-
665
0
665
45
746
791
-56
-4
-984
Total
consumption
189 586
15
8 467
1 878
2 708
879
1 802
27
3 356
1 072
439
35
207 556
Source: Energia ze źródeł odnawialnych w 2007 r. GUS, Warszawa, 2008.
Electricity production from RES reached 6,2 TWh (according to Green Certificates to
February 2009), and RES installed capacity was 1678 MW in 2008. Biomass and biogas
power plants produce ca. 47% of RES electric energy in 2007.
Policy assessment in partner countries
Renewable energy has become more and more important in Polish energy policy. The
objectives of the policy are based on Poland’s memberships the European Union, from
implementation the RES Directives and from other international agreements in this: achieving
reduction of carbon dioxide emission in 2008-2012 to the level of 1988 – ratification of the
Kyoto Protocol in 2002.
Poland’s potential of biomass are relatively very high. Technical potential is estimated from
408 PJ/a to 755 PJ/a. (depends on sources: [13] / EC BREC).
A potential of wood biomass is estimated at about 24,5 PJ /a to 59 PJ /a i.e.: 5 234 000 m3,
(3 101785 000 kg). The potential of wood from orchard is estimated at about 15 PJ/a to
22PJ/a. [14].
The technical potential for biogas production is estimated at about 674 millions m3 i.e. 26 PJ,
and municipal waste at 2 millions ton/a and 8 millions waste disposal.
The biomass economic potential, defined as a technical potential that can be provided at
economically profitable levels, is estimated from 160 PJ/year to 600 PJ/year. (depends on
sources).
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Table 1. Economic potential of biomass and their utilization in 2006
Biomass
Economic potential
Solid dry biowaste
Biogass
Forestry products
Agriculture residues
TOTAL
PJ/a
166
123
24,5
287
600
Utilisation
Share of the potential
PJ/a
161
2,6
24,5
4
192
%
97
2,1
100
1,4
32
Source: G. Wisniewski, K. Michałowska-Knap, EC BREC IEO, conference paper, Wroclaw 2008.
Biomass in applied in power sector mainly in co-firing with coal and in a small scale – in
individual houses, estates, on the countryside, and in small towns as a dispersed energy
production in Poland.
Since 2005 for promotion and to support energy from RES is used a quota obligation system
with tradable green certificates. Those obligations are included in the strategic documents
that shape Polish ecological policy and energy policy and in the main legal act - the Energy
Law (Dz.U. z 2006 r. Nr 89, poz. 625 z późn. zm.) and Ordinances to this act.
According to the Ordinance of Ministry of Economy from 14 August 2008 the obligation of
buying or producing electricity form RES is fulfilled if in each utility the share of electricity with
the certificates of origin in the total sale of electricity in a given year is not lower than:
Year
Share
2008
2009
2010 -2012
2013
2014
2015
2017
7,0%
8,7%
10,4%
10,9%
11,4%
11,9%
12,9%
The Act on biocomponents and liquid fuels established indicative national targets for biofuels.
Obligatory share for biofuels on transport fuel market for the years 2008-2014 are as follows:
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Share
3,45%
4,60%
5,75%
6,20%
6,65%
7,10%
7,55%
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For the next years the proportional way to obtain 10% of biofuels in 2020 in total amount of
liquid fuels and biofuels used in transport was assumed 1 .
Other support to RES:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
an obligation to buy all electricity produced from RES,
system of penalties for non-compliance the obligations,
directing funds achieved from substitute payments and fines to financial support of
investments in RES,
RES energy release from an excise tax,
decrease costs of connecting RES to a grid, (50% less)
priority of transmission services for the energy from RES
possibility of supporting investments from Structural Founds sources for years 20072013,
credits from National Environment Protection Found and Bank of Environment
Protection.
According to the Polish Energy Law Polish Government is obliged to publish every four years
document on Energy Policy.
A current document (April 2009) on the energy policy will be accepted by Government in III quarter
2009 specifies that the strategic objectives of this policy are as follows:
•
energy security of the country,
•
environmental safety of the country,
•
improvement of competitiveness and energy efficiency of the economy.
Energy security is state of the economy, which enables to cover current and future fuels and energy
requirements of consumers, in the way technically and economically justified, with minimisation of the
negative impacts of the energy sector at the environment and at the living conditions of the nation.
Environmental safety is state in which the pressure of all sectors of the economy, including first of
all the energy sector, at the environment is decreasing. Such state allows to maintain – at least at
the current level – the biodiversity, enables the effective protection of people’s health and lives as
well as the effective preservation of the natural and landscape values, and ensures also the
effective compliance of the country with the international obligations in the field of environment
protection.
Improvement of the energy efficiency of economy means reduction of a primary energy
consumption per unit of Gross Domestic Product and is a significant element of the sustainable
development of the country. Improvement of the energy efficiency of the economy means a reduction
of energy intensity of products, and energy intensity of industrial processes, increase in energy
production efficiency, reduction of energy losses in its transmission and distribution etc.
Long-term forecast of the energy economy development is an integral part of the energy policy. This
forecast includes following components:
1
Anna Grzybek, Balance of biomass for energy production, Conference , Renewable energy innovative
technologies and new ideas, Warsaw, 2008.
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•
forecast of primary energy and final energy requirements, (included energy from RES),
•
forecast of electricity requirements and of its coverage,
•
forecast of energy intensity and electricity intensity of the economy,
•
forecast of the atmospheric pollutants emissions.
The energy policy specifies also strategic objectives of the RES as follows:
•
achieving 15% RES in 2020 in final energy use,
•
achieving 10% share of biofuels in the liquid fuels market by 2020, and increase use
of the second generation biofuels,
•
forest protection against excessive exploitation for biomass, and sustainable use of
arable land for RES.
According to this objectives final energy demand from RES is presented in a table 1.
Table 4 . Final energy demand from renewable energy sources 2006 – 2030
[PJ]
2006
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Electricity
Solid biomass
Biogas
Wind energy
Water
Photovoltaic
Heat
Solid biomass
Biogas
Geothermy
Sun
Transport fuels
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Bioetanol II gener.
Biodiesel II gener.
Bio-hydro
16
7
1
1
7
0
181
178
1
1
0
4
3
1
0
0
0
30
12
1
7
9
0
188
181
3
3
1
23
6
17
0
0
0
63
21
6
26
10
0
211
192
11
6
2
37
10
27
0
0
0
112
37
14
49
11
0,004
262
226
21
9
5
60
18
29
9
5
0
136
40
23
62
12
0,05
295
246
31
12
5
68
19
27
10
9
4
142
42
25
64
12
0,09
319
265
33
15
6
79
21
27
10
10
10
Total gross final energy from RES
200
241
312
435
500
540
Gross final energy
2588
2567
2679
2897
3160
3373
7,7
9,4
11,6
15,0
15,8
16,0
Share of energy from RES [%]
Source: Energy Policy by 2030
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To reach the 2030 targets biomass should grow rapidly, taking efficiency into account in:
•
heating (individual heating, heat plants, district heating CHP);
•
electricity: CHP, cofiring to fossil power plants, alone plants, microcogeneration using
steam engine, gasification;
•
transport: first generation fuels, second generation fuels, biomethan from biogas,
others.
The energy policy should enhance the financial supports, tax incentives and promotion
programmes of biomaterials.
Key actors on Polish energy sector:
1. The Ministry of Economy, Director of the Energy Department,
2. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Director of the Agricultural
Markets Department,
3. The Ministry of Environment,
4. The President of Energy Regulatory Office.
Formally there are not exist inter-ministerial working group, but Energy Department from the
Ministry of Economy closely cooperates with the Agricultural Markets Department of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development, with the Ministry of Environment and with the
President of Energy Regulatory Office.
There is no competence centre for biomass, but information concern biomass is available in
several sources in this in: the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of
Environment, an ERO, a Polish Biomass Association, an EC BREC, the Polish National
Energy Conservation Agency, others.
1
National bioenergy strategies, targets and action plans
A strategy of renewable energy development was issued in 2000 year and accepted by the
Polish Parliament on 23 August 2001 year. In the RES strategy a quantity goal was
established – increasing amount of renewable energy in a fuel-energy balance up to 7,5 per
cent in 2010 year (in accordance with an act of the Ministry of Economy concerning electric
energy and heat purchase from unconventional sources, including renewable sources).
RES strategic objectives are:
•
achieving 7,5% share of electricity produced from RES in the gross electricity
consumption in 2010, Directive 2001/77/EU),
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•
achieving 5,75% share of biofuels in the liquid fuels market by 2010, (Directive
2003/30/EU).
The Strategy showed a need to increase energy production from renewable energy sources
in Poland in this from biomass.
On 9th of July 2009 the Ministry of Economy accepted a program: “Innovative Energy –
Energy Agriculture” (Innowacyjna Energetyka – Rolnictwo Energetyczne) which allows to
create in every district on average one biomass processing facilities using biogas of
agriculture origin up to 2020.
The program is focused on creating optimal chances to develop installation producing biogas
in agricultural processes, indication of joint financing such investments from public and local
sources and EU funds, as well as, conducting promotional and educational tasks.
It is to be estimated that existing resources should allow producing around 5 billion cubic
meters of biogas of similar to high methane gas quality parameters and therefore
construction of 2000 – 2500 biomass processing facilities and biogas producing units – 1
MW capacity each.
2
Support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from biomass
Regulation – Mandatory policy instruments
Basic legal documents concern RES use in Poland:
1. Ustawa z dnia 10 kwietnia 1997 r. Prawo energetyczne (Dz. U. z 2007 Nr 42 poz.
276, z późn. zm.) (Energy Law). Main legal acts that establishes and regulates rules
of energy policy, as well as conditions of supply and use of energy in Poland. The Act
defines principles of development of state energy policy, principles and terms of
supply and use of fuels and energy, including heat, and operation of energy
enterprises, as well as determines organs in charge of fuel and energy economy. The
purpose of the Act is the creation of conditions for sustainable development of the
country, energy security, efficient and rational use of fuels and energy, development
of competition, counteracting negative consequences of natural monopolies,
consideration of natural environment protection requirements and obligations
stemming from international agreements and balancing interests of energy
enterprises and fuel and energy customers.
2. ROZPORZĄDZENIE MINISTRA GOSPODARKI z dnia 14 sierpnia 2008 r. w sprawie
szczegółowego zakresu obowiązków uzyskania i przedstawienia do umorzenia
świadectw pochodzenia, uiszczenia opłaty zastępczej, zakupu energii elektrycznej i
ciepła wytworzonych w odnawialnych źródłach energii oraz obowiązku potwierdzania
danych dotyczących ilości energii elektrycznej wytworzonej w odnawialnym źródle
energii (Dz. U. z dnia 28 sierpnia 2008 r.) (An ordinance of the Ministry of Economy
from 14 August 2008 (Dz. U. 2008 r. Nr 156 poz. 969) about detailed responsibilities
of obtaining and presenting certificates of origin, substitute charge pay, purchase of
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electric energy and heat generated in renewable energy sources, as well as an
obligation of data confirmation (for energy generated in renewable source of energy).
3. Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki z dnia 4 maja 2007 r. w sprawie szczegółowych
warunków funkcjonowania systemu elektroenergetycznego (Dz. U. z 2007 r. Nr 93,
poz. 623 z późn. zm.) (An Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy dated 04 May 2007
year regarding detailed conditions of an energy system functioning.
4. Polityka ekologiczna Państwa na lata 2002 – 2006 z uwzględnieniem perspektyw na
lata 2007 – 2010. (Monitor Polski 03.33.433) (Ecological policies of the country for
years 2002 – 2006 with a perspective look at years 2007 – 2010).
5. Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2030 roku. (Energy policy of Poland till 2030 year).
6. Ustawa z dnia 25 sierpnia 2006 r. o biokomponentach i biopaliwach ciekłych (Dz. U.
2006 Nr 169 poz. 1199, z późn. zm.) (An Act on biocomponents and liquid biofuels).
7. Wieloletni program promocji biopaliw lub innych paliw odnawialnych na lata 20082014, MP nr 53 2007 (A long term program for biofuels promotion and other
renewable fuels in years 2008 - 2014, with defined share of biofuels on transport fuel
market).
8. Ustawa z dnia 12 maja 2000 r. o zasadach wspierania rozwoju regionalnego.
Dz.U.2000 nr 48 poz.550. (An Act of 12 May 2000 year about rules of a regional
development support).
9. Ustawa z dnia 27 kwietnia 2001r. - Prawo ochrony środowiska (Dz. U. z 2008 r. Nr 25
poz. 150) (An Act on an environmental protection dated 12 April 2001 year).
10. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 20 grudnia 2005 r. w sprawie
standardów emisyjnych z instalacji (Dz. U. Nr 260, poz. 2181, z późn. zm.) ( An
Ordinance of the Ministry of Environment of 20 December 2005 year concerning
installation emission standards).
11. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 16 stycznia 2008 r. w sprawie
szczegółowych warunków udzielania pomocy publicznej na przedsięwzięcia będące
inwestycjami związanymi z odnawialnymi źródłami energii (Dz. U. Nr 14 poz. 89). (An
Ordinance of the Ministry of Environment dated 16 January 2008 year about detailed
conditions of providing a public support on undertakings being investments in
renewable energy sources) .
12. Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody (Dz. U. Nr 92, poz. 880 z
późn. zm) (Act of 16 April 2004 year on environmental protection).
13. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 21 lipca 2004 r. w sprawie obszarów
specjalnej ochrony ptaków Natura 2000 (Dz. U. Nr 229, poz. 2313, z późn. zm.) (An
Ordinance of the Ministry of Environment dated 21 July 2004 year about special birds
protection programs Natura 2000).
14. Ustawa z dnia 22 grudnia 2004 r. o handlu uprawnieniami do emisji do powietrza
gazów cieplarnianych i innych substancji (Dz. U. Nr 281, poz. 2784) (An Act dated 22
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December 2004 year about trading rights of greenhouse and other substances gases
emission into air).
15. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 12 stycznia 2006 r. w sprawie sposobu
monitorowania wielkości emisji substancji objętych wspólnotowym systemem handlu
uprawnieniami do emisji (Dz. U. Nr 16, poz. 124). (An Ordinance of the Ministry of
Environment dated 12 January 2006 year about a way of monitoring of a emission
level of substances covered by a common trading rights system).
16. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 7 marca 2006 r. w sprawie informacji
wymaganych do opracowania krajowego planu rozdziału uprawnień do emisji (Dz. U.
Nr 43, poz. 308). (An Ordinance of the Ministry of Environment dated 07 March 2006
year regarding information required to draw up a national plan of emission rights
distribution).
17. Ustawa z dnia 25 sierpnia 2006 r. z o systemie monitorowania i kontrolowania jakości
paliw (Dz. U. Nr 169 poz. 1200) (Act of 25 August 2006 year about fuels monitoring
and quality control system).
18. Ustawa z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym
(Dz. U. Nr 80, poz. 717 z późn. zm.) (An Act dated on 27 March 2003 year about
spatial planning and development).
19. Ustawa z dnia 26 stycznia 2007 r. o płatnościach do gruntów rolnych i płatności
cukrowej (Dz. U. Nr 35, poz. 217, z późn. zm.) (An Act dated 26 January 2007 year
about subsidies to arable lands and sugar payment).
20. Ustawa z dnia 30 kwietnia 2004 r. o postępowaniu w sprawach dotyczących pomocy
publicznej (Dz. U. z 2007 r. Nr 59, poz. 404.) (An Act of 30 April 2004 year about
rules of conduct in cases of public aid).
21. Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 22 grudnia 2006 r. w sprawie ustanowienia
programu pomocowego w zakresie regionalnej pomocy publicznej na niektóre
inwestycje w ochronie środowiska (Dz. U. Nr 246 poz. 1795 z późn. zm.) (An
Ordinance of the Council of Ministers dated 22 December 2006 year about
establishing of an aid program in a scope of a regional public aid in some cases
investments in environmental protection).
22. Ustawa z dnia 6 grudnia 2006 r. o zasadach prowadzenia polityki rozwoju (Dz. U. Nr
227 poz. 1658 z późn. zm.) (An Act of 06 December 2006 year about development
policy rules).
23. Ustawa z z dnia 27 kwietnia 2001 r. o odpadach (Dz. U. z 2007 r. Nr 39, poz. 251 i Nr
88, poz. 587 oraz z 2008 r. Nr 138, poz. 865). (An Act on Waste dated 27.4.2001).
24. Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of 07 September 2001 on the catalogue of
wastes, Dz.U. 2001, No 112, item 1206 .
25. The strategy of renewable energy development was issued in 2000 year and
accepted by the Polish Parliament on 23 August 2001 year. In the strategy quantity
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goal was determined – increasing the amount of renewable energy in a fuel-energy
balance of the country up to 7,5 per cent in 2010 year in accordance with an act of
the Ministry of Economy concerning electric energy and heat purchase from
unconventional sources including renewable sources.
Spatial planning measures
According to a low energy policy every district (gmina) has been obliged to draw up
guidelines to a plan of supplying the area in electric energy, heat and gas fuels. The district
(gmina) have great competences of planning local energy and heating system.
Local administration undertakes different activities as:
•
introducing local plans of energy supply management together with planning and
implementing ownership policy,
•
using local energy resources (including renewables),
•
modernising local sources of heat and heating grids, developing energy infrastructure
and energy efficiency on rural territories,
•
general tasks like: insulating flat buildings, revitalisation of neglected areas, developing
collective transport services and infrastructure as promotion of alternative energy sources
and similar.
3
Certification
In frameworks of activities of the Polish Committee of Standardization and The Polish Centre for
Testing and Certification Technical Committee dealing with normalization and certification.
Assessment of available biomass resources
1
Heating/cooling, electricity and transport
Arable land in 11869 000 ha (2007 )
Forested area - 30%, total forest and woody and bushy land – 9401 000 ha
Data on physically available and economically viable potential of biomass for
• Energy crop potential 116 PJ/a
• Technical potential of residues from forestry, agriculture, food industry, solid
waste 42 PJ/a
• Potential of unutilised areas;
Fallow land area in 2007 – 413 000 ha ie. 2,6% of agricultural land, and 3,5%
of arable land, (1020 000 ha in 2005)
Wasteland – 489 000 ha in 2007, devastated and degraded land – 65 000 ha
Source of biomass in Polish condition:
- wood biomass,
- straw,
- biomass plants,
- waste.
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Sown area in 2007
Crops area –11 456 000 ha
Cereals - 8 353 th. ha
Rape and turnout rape – 797 000 ha
In 2007 year a whole declared by farmers area of crops grown for energetic purposes
reached in Poland 175.381 ha., in this area of permanent field 6 816 ha. only, which
constitutes 3,9 per cent of area of these crops and 0,42 per cent of total arable land.
Table 5. Area of crops grown for energetic purposes in 2007 year
Voivodeship
ha
Dolnośląskie
Kujawsko-pomorskie
Lubelskie
Lubuskie
Łódzkie
Małopolskie
Mazowieckie
Opolskie
Podkarpackie
Podlaskie
Pomorskie
Śląskie
Świętokrzyskie
Warmińsko-mazurskie
Wielkopolskie
Zachodniopomorskie
Poland
13 072
5 159
10 540
10 337
3 029
672
3 529
20 395
5 749
654
6 011
3 149
1 490
3 546
38 202
49 847
175 381
Area of crops grown for energetic purposes
Total
in this permanent fields
Share of arable
ha
Share (%)
land (%)
1,3
330
2,5
0,5
308
6,0
0,7
388
3,7
2,1
185
1,8
0,3
181
6,0
0,1
59
8,7
0,2
411
11,7
3,7
419
2,1
0,7
522
9,1
0,1
558
85,3
0,8
653
10,9
0,7
290
9,2
0,3
98
6,6
0,4
731
20,6
2,1
1 194
3,1
5,1
489
1,0
1,1
6 816
3,9
Source: A.Grzybek, A. Muzalewski, Sprawozdanie do Projektu zamawianego nr. PBZ-MNiSW – 1/3/2006,
Warsaw, 04.2008
2
Conflicts on utilisation of biomass
Yes, these topics have been subjects of discussion for many years. For example in Europe,
including Poland, high overproduction of grain was registered this year.
3
Cross country cooperation agreements
The legal state agreements had not been signed yet. Anyhow, many companies have
cooperated and exchanged biomass or similar products.
13
www.4biomass.eu
Sources:
1. Energy policy of Poland till 2025. Monitor Polski 05.42.652, Energy policy of Poland
till 2030 year, Ministry of Economy 2009.
2. Ustawa z dnia 10 kwietnia 1997 r. – Prawo energetyczne (Energy Law).
3. Mały Rocznik Statystyczny 2007 GUS, Warszawa 2007.
4. Eneregy Balances of OECG countries, 2008 edition.
5. Energia ze źródeł odnawialnych 2007. GUS, 2008
6. Statistical Yearboook of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Warsaw GUS 2008.
7. Statystyka elektroenergetyki Polskiej 2005 i 2006. ARE , Warszawa 2005
8. J.Solinski, H. Bartoszewicz-Burczy, M. Jaczewski: Key elements of the Polish energy
sector development to the year 2030 – evolution, current state and prospect. Warsaw
University of Technology, Warsaw 2008.
9. M. Rogulska: Energia z zasobów odnawialnych, IPiEO, EC BREC, Warszawa.
10. A.Grzybek, A. Muzalewski, Sprawozdanie do Projektu zamawianego nr. PBZ-MNiSW
– 1/3/2006, Warsaw, 04.2008
11. L. Gawlik, E. Mokrzycki, R. Ney: Renewable Energy Sources in Poland – Conditions
and Possibilities of Development, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute,
Krakow, Poland
12. G. Wiśniewski, K. Michałowska-Knap: Możliwości pokrycia potrzeb energetycznych
Polski przez energię ze źródeł odnawialnych. EC BREC IEO, Warszawa.
13. Z. Karwasz. Biomasa jako źródło wytwarzania energii odnawialnej w Polsce, Czysta
Energia 7-8 2007.
14. Anna Grzybek, Balance of biomass for energy production, Conference , Renewable
energy innovative technologies and new ideas, Warsaw, 2008.
14

WP 4.2.2 Poland Country Study on Political

Transkrypt

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