studia geomorphologica carpatho-balcanica

P O LS KA AKADE MI A N AUK — O DDZ I AŁ W KRAKO WI E
KOMISJA
NAUK
GEOGRAFICZNYCH
STUDIA
GEOMORPHOLOGICA
CARPATHO-BALCANICA
LANDFORM EVOLUTION
IN MOUNTAIN AREAS
Vol. XL, 2006
Recent geomorphological hazards
in Carpatho-Balcan-Dinaric region
WYDAWNICTWO ODDZIAŁU POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
KRAKÓW
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Adam Kotarba
Department of Geomorphology and Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Badea Lucian
—
Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucureşti, Romania
Bălteanu Dan
—
Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucureşti, Romania
Bauer Berthold
—
Institute of Geography, University of Wien, Wien, Austria
Demek Jaromír
—
Chair of Geography, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Klimek Kazimierz
—
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Silesian University, Sosnowiec, Poland
Kravchuk Jaroslav
—
Faculty of Geography, Lviv State University, Ukraine
Lilienberg Dymitr A.
—
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Lóczy Dénes
—
Department of Physical Geography, University of Pećs, Pećs, Hungary
Mishev Kiril
—
Institute of Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Stankoviansky Miloš
—
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Starkel Leszek (Head) —
Department of Geomorphology and Hydrology, Institute of Geography
and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
Zuchiewicz Witold
—
Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
JOURNAL OF THE CARPATHIAN-BALKAN GEOMORPHOLOGICAL COMMISSION
Editorial correspondence should be addressed to:
Department of Geomorphology and Hydrology,
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences
31-018 Kraków, ul. św. Jana 22, tel./fax: (48-12) 422-40-85
Publication has been supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education
© Copyright by Authors, Polska Akademia Nauk — Oddział w Krakowie
Kraków 2006
ISBN 83-88549-56-1
ISSN 0081-6434
Wydawnictwo Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 31-018 Kraków, ul. św. Jana 28
tel. (48 12) 442 36 43, w. 12, 14, 22
kolportaż w. 15
Ark wyd. 10,5. Ark druk. 9,5
Skład, łamanie, druk: Wydawnictwo PANDIT
31-334 Kraków, ul. Łokietka 177
INTRODUCTION
Since 1963 the geomorphologists of Central European countiers are collaborating within a non-governmental and non-profit making Carpatho-Balcan Geomorphological Commission. Regional journal Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica was published annually. The goal of this Commission was to provide
a framework for carrying out study on landforms evolution and environmental
changes as well as advance in methodology of geomorphological research.
In 2005, the Carpatho-Balcan-Dinaric Regional Working Group was approved by the Council of the International Association of Geomorphologists in
its meeting held in the framework of the 6th International Conference on Geomorphology in Zaragoza, Spain. This Working Group was proposed by national
representatives of the Commission. They formulated an idea that it is necessary to study the Carpatho-Balcan-Dinaric mountain system and adjacent
depresion as a unit, as many geomorphological phenomena are of transboundary character.
The Editorial Board of Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica welcomed the initiative and asked our Working Group to prepare a special issue a set
of invited papers covering experiences in the field of recent geomorphological
hazards and risks in Carpatho-Balcan-Dinaric region.
In every country and even in the same country, the fight against natural hazard factors such as mass movements, floods, catastrophic rainstorms, hurricanes, earthquakes has developed in an independent way. The criteria for ranking of hazard factors are of great importance.
Natural disasters are increasing in terms of frequency, complexity, scope and
destructive capacity. They have been particulary severe since 1997, when
large-scale catastrophic flood occurred in Central Europe. Large areas in Poland,
Slovakia, Czech Republic, and partly eastern Germany were flooded and human
losses and devastated national economies have brought decision to study these
phenomena in the countries. A seperate volume (no. 33, 1999) of Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica was focused on this event. Next years were also
characterized by regional flood disasters.
6
Nowadays, we decided to mobilize scientific knowledge and technological
know-how to assess natural hazards and to develop disaster mitigation measures. This issue includes 9 papers derived from a variety of geographical and
morphoclimatic contexts of Central Europe, from Poland, through Slovakia,
the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania to Slovenia.
We hope that such a collection of experiences illustrates the variety of natural hazards in our countries and create exchange of information on this fundamental topic of modern geomorphology.
Chair of the CBDRWG
Miloš Stankoviansky
Editor in Chief SGCB
Adam Kotarba
CONTENT – SPIS TREŚCI
ARTICLES – ARTYKUŁY
Introduction — Miloš Stankoviansky, Adam Kotarba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Leszek Starkel
Geomorphic hazards in the Polish Flysch Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Współczesne zagrożenia geomorfologiczne w polskich Karpatach fliszowych. . . . . . .
7
19
Eugeniusz Gil, Michał Długosz
Threshold values of rainfalls triggering selected deep-seated landslides in the Polish
Flysch Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wartości progowe opadów uruchamiających wybrane głębokie osuwiska w Karpatach
fliszowych . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
43
Zofia Rączkowska
Recent geomorphic hazards in the Tatra Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Współczesne geomorfologiczne zagrożenia w Tatrach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
60
Jozef Minár, Ivan Barka, Jozef Jakál, Miloš Stankoviansky, Milan Trizna, Ján Urbánek
Geomorphological hazards in Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zagrożenia geomorfologiczne w Słowacji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
78
Jaromír Demek, Jan Kalvoda, Karel Kirchner, Vít Vilímek
Geomorphological aspects of natural hazards and risks in the Czech Republic . . . . .
Geomorfologiczne aspekty zagrożeń naturalnych i ryzyka w Republice Czeskiej . . . . .
79
92
Lida Dubis, Ivan Kovalchuk, Andriy Mykhnovych
Extreme geomorphic processes in the Eastern Carpathians: spectrum, causes,
development, activization and intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ekstremalne procesy geomorfologiczne w Karpatach Wschodnich: zakres, przyczyny,
rozwój, aktywizacja i intensywność . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
Szabolcs Ákos Fábián, János Kovács, Dénes Lóczy, Ferenc Schweitzer, Gábor Varga,
Krisztina Babák, Kirill Lampért, Attila Nagy
Geomorphologic hazards in the Carpathian foreland, Tolna County (Hungary) . . . . . .
Zagrożenia geomorfologiczne na przedpolu karpackim, Tolna, Węgry . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
118
93
Dan Balteanu, Petru Enciu, Gyorgi Deak
A large scale collapse in the Ocnele Mari salt mine field, Getic Subcarpathians,
Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wielkoskalowe zapadlisko kopalni soli Ocnele Mari w Subkarpatach Getyckich
w Rumunii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
Matija Zorn, Karel Natek, Blaž Komac
Mass movements and flash-floods in Slovene Alps and surrounding mountains . . . . .
Ruchy masowe i gwałtowne powodzie w Alpach Słoweńskich oraz sąsiednich górach
127
145
119