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Local Public Finance Sector. A Comparative Study of Central and
ROZWÓJ REGIONALNY
I JEGO DETERMINANTY
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
AND ITS DETERMINANTS
TOM I
REDAKCJA NAUKOWA
DONAT JERZY MIERZEJEWSKI
JAN POLCYN
PIŁA 2014
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Karina Zawieja-Żurowska, Artur Zimny
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Koninie
DYSPROPORCJE ROZWOJU INFRASTRUKTURY
TRANSPORTOWEJ I PRZEWOZU ŁADUNKÓW
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Tabela 1. Zmienne wybrane do ustalenia dysproporcji rozwoju infrastruktury
transportowej i przewozu ładunków w nowych krajach członkowskich UE
oraz ich podstawowe statystyki
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+S+M6*8%'0+0621&*12()%0+>Z1*>+)&'*%%*>R
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&+S+3'()Q0+)&'*%%2(4R
%+S+3'()Q0+$Q'*#1<?H
X*)73101*&+-10%8062)0(>'+?061$M('+)&'*%%2(4+830+?2$86EQ%'$%*A$+)Q'$67+
$Q'*#1<?+[%$?2(4+#60><?+()/$%#$?-#'(4+K"]+Q2/0+&0('*6)+-10%8062)$?0%0+
?,.$-10('r
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gdzie:
B
przy czym:
(Y(G&%,+$"(/"&*.GP(/-'+"#'.+-#>(.,H%83.G#$(Z$@B
s@(Y(.,#>-H%+$%()*"+,"&,./%(/-'+"#'.+-#>(.,H%83.G#$(Z$@C
( W*"+,"&-'"#I"(#%#>(+$%(I%)*(,.:.+-/"+"(5&'-(5.)3;8$/"+$;()$4(D%*.,6(&"+8C
( !%*.,"(/'.&#"(&.'/.I;([C(\%HH/$8"(I%)*(I%,+6('<+"I#'4G#$%I()*.)./"+-#>(D%*.,(/$%H.7
/-D$"&./%I("+"H$'-(5.&=/+"/#'%IB("<I%,+.#'%G+$%(5$%&/./'.&%D(/$%H;($++-#>(D$"&(
0\%HH/$8(A]^N2C
N
( _(5&'-5",:;(:.&'-)*"+$"('<,%)*-D;H"+*(+"H%M"3.9-(5.)3;M-P()$4(&%H"#I6(z@jSD$+Kzij}
6
i
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!"#$!%&!'#()!*+,"-'./!%0%1"2,"%$4
`*/.&'.+%( D$%&+$:$( 5&'-I43-( /"&*.G#$( '< 5&'%,'$"3;( a@bAcB( 5&'-( #'-D(
$#>(/-M)'"(/"&*.GP(G/$",#'-3"(.<H%5)'-D(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&7
*./%I($</$4:)'-D(*&"+)5.&#$%(*./"&./-D(/<,"+-D(:&"I;B(+"*.D$")*(+$M)'"(
.'+"#'"3"B( M%( :&"I( #>"&":*%&-';I%( )$4( 8.&)'-D( &.'/.I%D( $+V&")*&;:*;&-(
*&"+)5.&*./%I($<D+$%I)'-D(*&"+)5.&*%D(*./"&./-DC
METODA SUM STANDARYZOWANYCH
!"#$%&'()*"+,"&-'./"+"(012(5.'/.H$3"(+"(/-'+"#'%+$%(G&%,+$#>("&-*D%7
*-#'+-#>( '< /"&*.G#$( )*"+,"&-'./"+-#>( 'D$%++-#>( ,H"( :"M,%8.( .9$%:*;( '"(
5.D.#6(+")*45;I6#%8.(/'.&;(0W.9#'-:(A]]X2?
0^2
,H"($<S(AB(1BCCCB(+B
gdzie: zij(Y()*"+,"&-'./"+"(/"&*.GP(I7*%I(#%#>-(/<$7*-D(.9$%:#$%B
!(Y(H$#'9"('D$%++-#>C
_-M)'%(/"&*.G#$(G&%,+$#>(G/$",#'-3-(.<H%5)'-D(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(
*&"+)5.&*./%I($</$4:)'-D(*&"+)5.&#$%(*./"&./-D(/<,"+-D(:&"I;B(+"*.D$")*(
+$M)'%( /"&*.G#$( .'+"#'"3-B( M%( :&"I( #>"&":*%&-';I%( )$4( 8.&)'-D( &.'/.I%D(
$+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I($<D+$%I)'-D(*&"+)5.&*%D(*./"&./-DC
METODA RANG
d&"I%('.)*"3-(;5.&'6,:./"+%(/<)5.)=9(D"H%I6#-(/%,3;8(/"&*.G#$(5.)'#'%7
8=H+-#>('D$%++-#>B("<+")*45+$%(:"M,%D;('<+$#>(5&'-5$)"+"('.)*"3"(&"+8"B(#'-H$(
:.H%I+"(H$#'9"(+"*;&"H+"(.,(A(,.(+B('"#'-+"I6#(.,(:&"I;(.<+"I/-M)'%I('D$%++%I].
Z'$"3"+$%(*.(;D.MH$/$3.(/-'+"#'%+$%(G&%,+$#>("&-*D%*-#'+-#>('</"&*.G#$(&"+8(
,H"(:"M,%8.(.9$%:*;('"(5.D.#6(+")*45;I6#%I(V.&D;3-(0W*%#(1@@ 2?
0 2
,H"($<S(AB(1BCCCB(+B(
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gdzie: wij(Y(&"+8"(I7*%I(#%#>-(/<$7*-D(:&"I;B
! " #$%&'( &!$)**+%,]
( _(5&'-5",:;(:.&'-)*"+$"('<,%)*-D;H"+*(:&"I%(+"H%M"3.9-(;5.&'6,:./"P(/<)5.)=9(&.)+6#-(
/%,3;8(/"&*.G#$(5.)'#'%8=H+-#>('D$%++-#>(,$"8+.)*-#'+-#>B("<+")*45+$%(:"M,%D;('<+$#>(
5&'-5$)"P(&"+84B(#'-H$(:.H%I+6(H$#'94(.,(A(,.(+B('"#'-+"I6#(.,(:&"I;(.<+"I+$M)'%I('D$%++%IC(
^F
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_( 5&'%#$/$%e)*/$%( ,.( D%*.,-( );D( )*"+,"&-'./"+-#>B( /-M)'%( /"&*.7
G#$( G&%,+$#>( G/$",#'-3-( .< 8.&)'-D( &.'/.I;( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I(
$<D+$%I)'-D(*&"+)5.&#$%(*./"&./-D(/<,"+-D(:&"I;B(+"*.D$")*(+$M)'%(/"&7
*.G#$(.'+"#'"3-B(M%(:&"I(#>"&":*%&-';I%()$4(H%5)'-D(&.'/.I%D($+V&")*&;:*;&-(
*&"+)5.&*./%I($</$4:)'-D(*&"+)5.&*%D(*./"&./-DC
PREZENTACJA I ANALIZA WYNIKÓW BADAŃ
O"(5.,)*"/$%(/-9&"+-#>('D$%++-#>B(:*=&%(5.*&":*./"+.(I":.(&=/+.5&"/7
ne (.&"'('8.,+$%('<5&.#%,;&6(5&'%,)*"/$.+6(/<5.5&'%,+$%I(#'4G#$(.5&"#./"7
+$"( /-'+"#'.+.( )-+*%*-#'+%( D$%&+$:$( &.'/.I;( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I(
$< 5&'%/.';( 3",;+:=/( ,H"( :"M,%8.( :&"I;C( T*&'-D"+%( /"&*.G#$( D$%&+$:=/(
5.'/.H$3-(+")*45+$%(+"(;5.&'6,:./"+$%(+./-#>(:&"I=/(#'3.+:./):$#>(`QB(
"</$4#($#>(;3.M%+$%(.,(f+"IH%5)'%8.g(,.(f+"I8.&)'%8.g(5.,(/'8H4,%D(&.'/.I;(
$+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I( $< *&"+)5.&*;( *./"&./%8.C( h%';H*"*-( 5.&'6,:.7
/"+$"('.)*"3-(5&'%,)*"/$.+%(/<*"9%H"#>(1($<F(0:.H;D+-(f5.'-#I"g2C
A@
Tabela 2. Syntetyczne mierniki rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej w nowych
krajach członkowskich UE
Kraj
Metoda wzorca
&.'/.I;([C(\%HH/$8"
!%*.,"();D(
)*"+,"&-'./"+-#>
Metoda rang
pozycja
pozycja
di
pozycja
i;38"&$"
@B@]^]
AA
Y@BX]RA
AA
BFFFF
]
Chorwacja
@BFRN1
1
@BFR]R
R
RB@@@@
1
Czechy
@B1]NF
F
@BX AN
1
RB^^^
F
Q)*.+$"
@B1^R
R
@BRXX]
F
^BFFFF
6
Litwa
@BAA]F
]
Y@BX@^^
A@
BFFFF
N
j.*/"
@BAAF]
A@
Y@BR] F
]
B^^^
A@
k.H):"
@BA ]N
h;D;+$"
@BA1 X
N
Y@BRX F
N
NBFFFF
AA
W3./"#I"
@B11@A
6
Y@BA^R@
6
XB^^^
X
W3./%+$"
@BRXFR
A
AB@ARF
A
1B^^^
A
_48&-
@B1XFF
X
@B@AX^
X
XB@@@@
R
Y@BAN ^
B@@@@
./01234(T9H$#'%+$"(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
A@
( W-)*%D( /"8( I%,+.)*:./-#>( I%)*( #'4)*.( )*.)./"+-( /< 5&":*-#%( 5&'%'( )5%#I"H$)*=/( '"I7
D;I6#-#>( )$4( 5.D$"&%D( 5.'$.D;( &.'/.I;( )5.3%#'+.78.)5.,"&#'%8.( I%,+.)*%:( 5&'%7
)*&'%++-#>(0m$%&5$"37_.H"+($<_.I+"&(1@@A2C
^R
!"#$!%&!'#()!*+,"-'./!%0%1"2,"%$4
Tabela 3. Syntetyczne mierniki przewozu ładunków w nowych krajach
członkowskich UE
Kraj
Metoda wzorca
&.'/.I;([C(\%HH/$8"
!%*.,"();D(
)*"+,"&-'./"+-#>
Metoda rang
di
pozycja
i;38"&$"
@B11]]
]
Y@B^F^X
]
NB^^^
]
Chorwacja
@BAN]
A@
Y@B
F1
A@
]B^^^
A@
Czechy
@BRNAN
F
@BRXA^
F
FBFFFF
1
Q)*.+$"
@B
A
AB^AX1
A
1BFFFF
A
Litwa
@BF1NR
Y@B1^1X
N
^B^^^
N
j.*/"
@BX AX
1
@B @]R
1
FBFFFF
F
k.H):"
@BF@N1
N
Y@B@A1^
X
^B@@@@
6
h;D;+$"
@BA@AN
AA
YABAA]1
AA
A@BFFFF
AA
W3./"#I"
@BFXRX
6
Y@BAR X
6
^B@@@@
W3./%+$"
@BRA@F
R
@BF^AR
R
FB^^^
R
_48&-
@BFX
X
Y@BAN^A
^B@@@@
X
XF
pozycja
pozycja
./01234(T9H$#'%+$"(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
`'-):"+%( /"&*.G#$( D$%&+$:=/( )-+*%*-#'+-#>( G/$",#'6( .< '+"#'+-D(
'&=M+$#./"+$;( +./-#>( :&"I=/( #'3.+:./):$#>( `QB( '"&=/+.( '%( /'8H4,;(
+"( &.'/=I( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%IB( I":( $< *&"+)5.&*( *./"&./-C( _-+$:$(
.9H$#'%e(/-:.+"+-#>(+$%'"H%M+$%(0*&'%D"(D%*.,"D$2(/):"';I6(I%,+.'+"#'7
+$%B( M%( $+V&")*&;:*;&"( *&"+)5.&*./"( I%)*( +"IH%5$%I( &.'/$+$4*"( +"( W3./%+$$B(
/< m>.&/"#I$( $< m'%#>"#>B( "< +"I8.&'%I( /< i;38"&$$( $< +"( j.*/$%C( n%GH$( #>.,'$(
+"*.D$")*( .< *&"+)5.&*( *./"&./-( *.( )-*;"#I"( &%H"*-/+$%( +"IH%5$%I( :)'*"3*;I%(
)$4( /< Q)*.+$$B( m'%#>"#>( $< +"( j.*/$%B( "< +"I8.&'%I( /< h;D;+$$( $< m>.&/"#I$C(
k.&=/+;I6#( 5.'-#I%( 5.'.)*"3-#>( :&"I=/( /%,3;8( D%*.,-( /'.&#"( &.'/.I;(
[C< \%HH/$8"B( D%*.,-( );D( )*"+,"&-'./"+-#>( $< D%*.,-( &"+8( D.M+"( '";/"7
M-PB(M%(&=M+$6()$4(.+%(+$%'+"#'+$%(Y('<&%8;3-(&=M+$#"(+$%(5&'%:&"#'"(I%,+":(
*&'%#>( 5.'-#I$( $+( 5H;)( H;9( $+( D$+;)( /< 5&'%,)*"/$.+-D( &"+:$+8;C( _-).:$(
)*.5$%e('8.,+.G#$(;'-):"+-#>(/-+$:=/(5.*/$%&,'"I6(/"&*.G#$(/)5=3#'-++$:"(
:.&%H"#I$( &"+8( W5%"&D"+"( 5&'%,)*"/$.+%( /< *"9%H$( RB( :*=&%( /-'+"#'.+.( '"(
5.D.#6(+")*45;I6#%8.(/'.&;AA:
AA
( _)5=3#'-++$:( 5&'-ID;I%( /"&*.G#$( '< 5&'%,'$"3;( aYAbAcC( oD( 9%'/'8H4,+"( /"&*.GP(
/):"U+$:"( I%)*( 9H$M)'"( I%,+.G#$B( *-D( '8.,+.GP( ;5.&'6,:./"e( I%)*( H%5)'"( 0k"&",-)'(
1@@X?1FF2C
^X
!"#$%#%$&'()$%*+%',)-./$0"1$,21,$!)1$0."#%$1%+(')-3#$*(+%*,)405,.26+777
0N2
gdzie:
di(Y(&=M+$#%(D$4,'-(&"+8"D$(05.'-#I"D$2(.9$%:*=/B
+(Y(H$#'9"(.9$%:*=/C
Tabela 4. Zgodność pozycji nowych krajów członkowskich UE pod względem
rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej i przewozu ładunków
_)5=3#'-++$:(:.&%H"#I$(
rang Spearmana
_-)'#'%8=H+$%+$%
o+V&")*&;:*;&"( k&'%/='(
*&"+)5.&*./" 3",;+:=/
!%*.,"(/'.&#"(&.'/.I;([C(\%HH/$8"(l(!%*.,"();D(
)*"+,"&-'./"+-#>
@B]^R
@B]F^
!%*.,"(/'.&#"(&.'/.I;([C(\%HH/$8"(l(!%*.,"(&"+8
@B]@]
@B]^R
!%*.,"();D()*"+,"&-'./"+-#>(l(!%*.,"(&"+8
@BNRX
@B]^R
./01234 T9H$#'%+$"(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
Z-)5.+;I6#( $+V.&D"#I"D$( +"( *%D"*( 5.'-#I$( 5.)'#'%8=H+-#>( :&"I=/( 5.,(
/'8H4,%D(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I(0*"9%H"(12($<*&"+)5.&*;(*./"&.7
/%8.(0*"9%H"(F2(.9H$#'.+.B(.,&49+$%(,H"(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I(
$< 5&'%/.';( 3",;+:=/B( G&%,+$6( "&-*D%*-#'+6( '< *&'%#>( 5.'-#I$( ,H"( :"M,%8.(
:&"I;( 0 2B( "< +")*45+$%( ,.:.+"+.( 5.,'$"3;( :&"I=/( +"( #'*%&-( 8&;5-( *-5.H.7
8$#'+%(.9%ID;I6#%(I%,+.)*:$(.</"&*.G#$"#>( ('<+")*45;I6#-#>(5&'%,'$"3=/A1:
8&;5"(p<l(8&;5"(A?( (a(
– sp
8&;5"(i(l(8&;5"(1?( (c (q(
8&;5"(m(l(8&;5"(F?(
+ sp >
8&;5"(Z(l(8&;5"(R?( (q(
– sp
(q(
+ sp
gdzie:
(Y(G&%,+$"("&-*D%*-#'+"(.9H$#'.+"(,H"(/"&*.G#$( B
sp(Y(.,#>-H%+$%()*"+,"&,./%(.9H$#'.+%(,H"(/"&*.G#$( .
A1
( r&;5-(.'+"#'.+%(H$*%&"D$(.,+.)'6()$4(,.(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%IB(+"*.7
D$")*( .'+"#'.+%( #-V&"D$( ,.*-#'6( 5&'%/.';( 3",;+:=/C( _< .9H$#'%+$"#>( '")*.)./"+.(
D%*.,4(:H")-s:"#I$('"5&.5.+./"+6(5&'%'(QC(O./":"(.,/&"#"I6#(I%,+":('+":$(/<+$%7
&=/+.G#$"#>B(8,-M(9"&,'$%I(5.M6,"+%(9-3-(+$M)'%(/"&*.G#$( (.'+"#'"I6#%(H%5)'-(&.'/=I(
$+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I($</$4:)'-(5&'%/='(3",;+:=/(0O./":(A]]@?]F2C
66
!"#$!%&!'#()!*+,"-'./!%0%1"2,"%$4
n%GH$( #>.,'$( .< &.'/=I( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I( *.( ,.( 8&;5-( p< +"H%7
M6( /)5.D+$"+%( I;M( /#'%G+$%I( *&'-( :&"I%( *IC( W3./%+$"B( m>.&/"#I"( $< m'%#>-C(
_< 8&;5$%( i( '+"I,;I6( )$4( :&"I%B( /< :*=&-#>( $+V&")*&;:*;&"( *&"+)5.&*./"( I%)*(
,.GP(,.9&'%(&.'/$+$4*"(*IC(Q)*.+$"B(_48&-($<W3./"#I"C(r&;5"(m(.9%ID;I%(:&"I%(
.< )3"9.( &.'/$+$4*%I( $+V&")*&;:*;&'%( *IC( k.H):4B( h;D;+$4( $< t$*/4C( Z.( 8&;5-(
Z( +"H%M6( +"*.D$")*( i;38"&$"( $< j.*/"B( #'-H$( :&"I%( .< +"I)3"9$%I( &.'/$+$4*%I(
$+V&")*&;:*;&'%(*&"+)5.&*./%IC([<:.H%$(I%GH$(#>.,'$(.<*&"+)5.&*(*./"&./-(*.(
,.(8&;5-(A(+"H%M6(/)5.D+$"+%(/#'%G+$%I(*&'-(:&"I%(*IC(Q)*.+$"B(m'%#>-($<j.7
*/"C(_<8&;5$%(1('+"I,;I6()$4(:&"I%B(/<:*=&-#>(/$%H:.GP(5&'%/.';(3",;+:=/(
I%)*(/-M)'"(+$M(G&%,+$"(,H"(/)'-)*:$#>(+./-#>(:&"I=/(#'3.+:./):$#>(`Q(*IC(
W3./%+$"($<_48&-C(r&;5"(F(.9%ID;I%(:&"I%(#>"&":*%&-';I6#%()$4(/$%H:.G#$6(
5&'%/.';(3",;+:=/(+$M)'6(+$M(G&%,+$"(*IC(W3./"#I4B(k.H):4B(t$*/4($<i;38"&$4C(
Z.(8&;5-(R(+"H%M6(+"*.D$")*(h;D;+$"($<m>.&/"#I"B(#'-H$(:&"I%(.<+"ID+$%I7
)'-D( 5&'%/.'$%( 3",;+:=/C( u&%,+$%( /"&*.G#$( 'D$%++-#>( /< 5.)'#'%8=H+-#>(
8&;5"#>('.)*"3-(5&'%,)*"/$.+%(/<*"9%H$(XC(
Tabela 5. Średnie wartości zmiennych w poszczególnych grupach
krajów wyodrębnionych ze względu na rozwój infrastruktury transportowej
i przewóz ładunków
r&;5"
o+V&")*&;:*;&"(*&"+)5.&*./"
5A
51
k&'%/='(3",;+:=/
5F
6A
61
6F
p(l(A
1FBA1
A1^BA^
ABA]
1N(A@@B11
1R(XFRBR]
NB^^
i(l(1
NB1N
FB ^
1B1]
1 (X] B]N
^(X1NBXX
XBXX
m(l(F
FB11
N@B@1
@B^N
1X(
BAA
X(R]@BAX
1BNX
Z(l(R
1B@X
R1B1F
AB1X
AF(F@^B1A
1(NN]B]1
ABR]
./01234(T9H$#'%+$"(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
p+"H$';I6#( &.'/=I( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I( D.M+"( )*/$%&,'$PB( M%(
:&"I%( '< 8&;5-( p< #>"&":*%&-';I6( )$4( 5&'%,%( /)'-)*:$D( &.'9;,./"+6( )$%#$6(
";*.)*&",($<)$%#$6(:.H%I./6C(_<:&"I"#>(+"H%M6#-#>(,.(8&;5-(i(,.GP(,.9&'%(
&.'/$+$4*"(I%)*()$%P(";*.)*&",($<9"&,'.(,.9&'%()$%P(H.*+$):C(d&"I%('<8&;5-(m(
#>"&":*%&-';I6()$4()3"9.(&.'/$+$4*6()$%#$6(";*.)*&",($<H.*+$):B("H%(,.GP(,.9&'%(
&.'/$+$4*6()$%#$6(:.H%I./6C(_<:&"I"#>(+"H%M6#-#>(,.(8&;5-(Z(I%,-+$%(H$#'9"(
H.*+$):(I%)*(&%H"*-/+$%(,;M"C(W$%P(";*.)*&",($<)$%P(:.H%I./"()6(+"*.D$")*(9"&7
,'.( )3"9.( &.'/$+$4*%C( i$.&6#( '< :.H%$( 5.,( ;/"84( 5&'%/='( 3",;+:=/( D.M+"(
'";/"M-PB(M%(:&"I%('<8&;5-(A(#>"&":*%&-';I6()$4(,;M6(/$%H:.G#$6(*&"+)5.&*;(
:.H%I./%8.( $< H.*+$#'%8.C( _< :&"I"#>( +"H%M6#-#>( ,.( 8&;5-( 1( '+"#'6#"( I%)*(
/$%H:.GP(*&"+)5.&*;(,&.8./%8.($<H.*+$#'%8.C(d&"I%('<8&;5-(F(#>"&":*%&-';I6(
)$4(I%,-+$%(,.GP(,;M6(/$%H:.G#$6(*&"+)5.&*;(,&.8./%8.B(+"*.D$")*(/<:&"I"#>(
+"H%M6#-#>(,.(8&;5-(R(5&'%/='(3",;+:=/B(+$%'"H%M+$%(.,(/-:.&'-)*"+-#>(
G&.,:=/(*&"+)5.&*;B(I%)*(&%H"*-/+$%(+$):$C(
!"#$%#%$&'()$%*+%',)-./$0"1$,21,$!)1$0."#%$1%+(')-3#$*(+%*,)405,.26+777
^
_(.5"&#$;(.<5&'%,)*"/$.+6(*-5.H.8$4(+./-#>(:&"I=/(#'3.+:./):$#>(`Q('%(
/'8H4,;(+"(&.'/=I($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I($<5&'%/='(3",;+:=/(D.M+"(
5.,I6P( 5&=94( /):"'"+$"( :&"I=/B( /< :*=&-#>( &%H"#I"( D$4,'-( "+"H$'./"+-D$(
'I"/$):"D$(/-,"I%()$4(9-P(+"I9"&,'$%I('&=/+./"M.+"B("<*":M%(:&"I=/(.<'+"7
#'6#%I(&.'9$%M+.G#$(D$4,'-(&.'/.I%D($+V&")*&;:*;&-("</$%H:.G#$6(*&"+)5.&*;(
*./"&./%8.C(Z.(5$%&/)'%I(:"*%8.&$$(+$%/6*5H$/$%(+"H%M6(:&"I%('<8&;5(pAB(i1(
$<mFB(+"*.D$")*(,.(,&;8$%I(:"*%8.&$$(/<)'#'%8=H+.G#$(:&"I%('<8&;5():&"I+-#>(
*IC(pR($<ZAC(d&"I"D$(.<'&=/+./"M.+%I(&%H"#I$()6('"*%D(m'%#>-B(_48&-B(k.H7
):"( $< t$*/"C( r%+%&"H+$%( &'%#'( 9$.&6#( /$%H:.GP( 5&'%/.';( 3",;+:=/( /< *-#>(
:&"I"#>( I%)*( ",%:/"*+"( ,.( &.'/.I;( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%IC( [< :.H%$(
:&"I"D$(.<'"#>/$"+%I(&%H"#I$()6(m>.&/"#I"($<j.*/"C(_<5&'-5",:;(m>.&/"#I$(
9./$%D(,.9&'%(&.'/$+$4*%I($+V&")*&;:*;&'%(*&"+)5.&*./%IB("</<)'#'%8=H+.G#$(
)$%#$( ";*.)*&",B( +$%( *./"&'-)'-( '+"#'6#"( /$%H:.GP( *&"+)5.&*;( *./"&./%8.(
0&.'9$%M+.GP( $+( 5H;)2C( W-*;"#I"( *"( I%,+":( +$%( 5./$++"( 9;,'$P( /$4:)'%8.(
'"):.#'%+$"('/"M-/)'-(+"(V":*B($M(I%)*(*.(:&"IB(:*=&%8.(8.)5.,"&:"(/<,;M%I(
D$%&'%( .5$%&"( )$4( +$%( +"( 5&'%D-GH%B( H%#'( *;&-)*-#%C( _< 5&'-5",:;( j.*/-(
+"*.D$")*( )3"9.( &.'/$+$4*%I( $+V&")*&;:*;&'%( *&"+)5.&*./%I( 09&":( ";*.)*&",2(
*./"&'-)'-(,.GP(,;M"(/$%H:.GP(5&'%/.';(3",;+:=/B(/<)'#'%8=H+.G#$(*&"+)7
5.&*%D(:.H%I./-D(0&.'9$%M+.GP($+(D$+;)2C(TD"/$"+%(&%H"#I%('.)*"3-('"5&%7
'%+*./"+%(+"(&-);+:;(AC
Rys. 1. Pozycje nowych krajów członkowskich UE pod względem rozwoju
infrastruktury transportowej (oś odciętych) i przewozu ładunków (oś rzędnych)
./01234(T5&"#./"+$%(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
^N
!"#$!%&!'#()!*+,"-'./!%0%1"2,"%$4
k&'%5&./",'.+6("+"H$'4(;';5%3+$.+.(.<5.D$"&(/53-/;(5.)'#'%8=H+-#>(
'D$%++-#>( +"( &.'/=I( $+V&")*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I( $< 5&'%/='( 3",;+:=/C(
_< *-D( #%H;( .9H$#'.+.( /)5=3#'-++$:$( :.&%H"#I$( H$+$./%I( k%"&).+"( D$4,'-(
/"&*.G#$"D$( 'D$%++-#>( 5&'-I4*-#>( ,.( 5.D$"&;( "< /"&*.G#$"D$( D$%&+$:=/(
)-+*%*-#'+-#>B('"(5.D.#6(+")*45;I6#%I(V.&D;3-AF:
0]2
gdzie:
7i(Y(/"&*.GP('D$%++%I(JB
+i(Y(/"&*.GP('D$%++%I(-B
(Y(G&%,+$"("&-*D%*-#'+"('D$%++%I(JB
(Y(G&%,+$"("&-*D%*-#'+"('D$%++%I(-B
s072(Y(.,#>-H%+$%()*"+,"&,./%('D$%++%I(JB
s0+2(Y(.,#>-H%+$%()*"+,"&,./%('D$%++%I(-B
n(Y(H$#'9"(.9$%:*=/C
Tabela 6. Wpływ wartości zmiennych na wartość syntetycznych mierników
(bezwzględne wartości współczynnika korelacji liniowej Pearsona)
Miernik
)-+*%*-#'+di
o+V&")*&;:*;&"(*&"+)5.&*./"
k&'%/='(3",;+:=/
XpA
Xp1
XpF
XiA
Xi1
XiF
@BNN@
@BRX]
@BA]A
@BR]R
@BN^N
@BN]]
@B X^
@BX1X
@BFA@
@BX]]
@BNFF
@BNXN
@B]@
@BRX]
@B@FR
@B F1
@B^N]
@B FN
./01234(T9H$#'%+$"(/3")+%(+"(5.,)*"/$%(,"+-#>(Q;&.)*"*;B(>**5?ll%55C%;&.)*"*C%#C%;&.5"C%;
T*&'-D"+%(/-+$:$(/):"';I6B(M%(&.'/=I($+V&")*&;:*;&-(*&"+)5.&*./%I(I%)*(
/< +"I/$4:)'-D( )*.5+$;( ',%*%&D$+./"+-( ,3;8.G#$6( ";*.)*&",B( +"*.D$")*(
/<+"ID+$%I)'-D(H$#'96(H.*+$):C([<:.H%$(+"('&=M+$#./"+$%(/$%H:.G#$(5&'%/.';(
3",;+:=/(/<+"I/$4:)'-D()*.5+$;(/53-/"(/$%H:.GP(*&"+)5.&*;(:.H%I./%8.(
$<H.*+$#'%8.B("</(+$%#.(D+$%I)'-D(*&"+)5.&*;(,&.8./%8.C
AF
( _)5=3#'-++$:( 5&'-ID;I%( /"&*.G#$( '< 5&'%,'$"3;( aYAbAcC( oD( 9%'/'8H4,+"( /"&*.GP(
/):"U+$:"(I%)*(9H$M)'"(I%,+.G#$B(*-D('"H%M+.GP(I%)*()$H+$%I)'"(0[$D+-(1@A@?^F2C
!"#$%#%$&'()$%*+%',)-./$0"1$,21,$!)1$0."#%$1%+(')-3#$*(+%*,)405,.26+777
^]
ZAKOŃCZENIE
Z.:.+"+"("+"H$'"(5&'%)*&'%++%8.('&=M+$#./"+$"(&.'/.I;($+V&")*&;:*;&-(
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5.'/"H"( +"( )V.&D;3./"+$%( *&'%#>( '")",+$#'-#>( )5.)*&'%M%eC( k.( 5$%&/)'%B(
/)'-)*:$%(*&'-('")*.)./"+%(D%*.,-(/$%H./-D$"&./%I("+"H$'-(5.&=/+"/#'%I(
/):"';I6B(M%($+V&")*&;:*;&"(I%)*(+"IH%5$%I(&.'/$+$4*"(+"(W3./%+$$B(+"*.D$")*(
5&'%/.'-(3",;+:=/()6(&%H"*-/+$%(+"I/$4:)'%(/<Q)*.+$$C(k.(,&;8$%B(:&"I"D$B(
/<:*=&-#>(&%H"#I"(D$4,'-(/$%H:.G#$6(5&'%/.';(3",;+:=/("<&.'/.I%D($+V&"7
)*&;:*;&-( *&"+)5.&*./%I( I%)*( +"I9"&,'$%I( '&=/+./"M.+"( )6( m'%#>-B( _48&-B(
k.H):"($<t$*/"C([<:.H%$(:&"I"D$B(/<:*=&-#>(5./-M)'"(&%H"#I"(I%)*('"#>/$"+"(
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/<5.)'#'%8=H+-#>(:&"I"#>C(O"H%M-(I%,+":(/<*-D(D$%I)#;('")-8+"H$'./"PB(M%(
/<9","+$"#>()5.3%#'+.7%:.+.D$#'+-#>(,.*-#'6#-#>(I%,+.)*%:(*%&-*.&$"H+-#>(
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5&'%5&./",'"I6#-("+"H$'4(#>#$"39-(;/'8H4,+$P("<'9$.&%D($+V.&D"#I$B(:*=&%(
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:./):$#>(`Q('.)*"3(;#>/-#.+-C(h%';H*"*-(5&'%5&./",'.+%8.(9","+$"(D.86(
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$<&.')*&'-8+$4P(+"(%*"5$%(5.,%ID./"+$"()*&"*%8$#'+-#>(,%#-'I$C
BIBLIOGRAFIA
iopjpW7!TvwtB( pCB( 1@A1B( ;#9%&3<) (:8)=>+ !)>313#3?$%&*) :>(>+:>+=$ >/(*:83/>9
=3#)@3<)?3 <AB*$$ C9/38)@:=$)@D EF$(13!3G%$ H>(>+:>+%&*)I(+&(A@B(_"&)'"/"C
moQhkopj7_TtpOB( !CB( _TnOphB( QCB( 1@@AB( 5*(#$&( 83&$3!9 /3&<3@9 :832)%&*3J?3:831(/%&)?3 <3@)<01&><D f_$",.D.G#$(W*"*-)*-#'+%g(+&(A@B(_"&)'"/"C
Q`hTWvpvB( 1@AFB( C*)/?+D >/(*:83/> (*1 )*K$/3*!)*> $*1$%(>3/:- LMNO )1$>$3*D
t;J%D9.;&8C
r`WB(1@AFB(P/(*:83/> 1/3?3<+ <AQ3#:%) <A#(>(%, LMNM $ALMNND _"&)'"/"C
\Qtt_orB([CB(A]^NB(R(:>3:3<(*$) !)>31+ >(=:3*3!$%&*)@ 13 >+83#3?$%&*)?3 831&$(29
=/(@0< &) <&?#S19 *( 83&$3! $%, /3&<3@9 3/(& &(:3'+ $A:>/9=>9/S <+=<(#$T=3<(*+%,
=(1/D fk&'%8H6,(W*"*-)*-#'+-g(+&(RB(_"&)'"/"C
@
!"#$!%&!'#()!*+,"-'./!%0%1"2,"%$4
dh[Q!oxWdoB(WCB(1@@FB(Q3#$>+=( >/(*:83/>3<( (A/3&<0@ >/(*:83/>9D w: C=3*3!$%&*)
$*:>/9!)*>+ <:8(/%$( 3U+<$)*$( ?3:831(/=$ <AQ3#:%)B(W'#'%5"+$":(dCB([9-*+$%/):"(
dC(0&%,C2B(Wr\B(_"&)'"/"C
!hhB(1@A1B(H>/(>)?$( V3&<3@9 ;/(@9 LMLMD _"&)'"/"C
!vi$r!B(1@AFB(H>/(>)?$( /3&<3@9 >/(*:83/>9 13 LMLM /3=9 W& 8)/:8)=>+<X 13 LMOM
/3=9YD _"&)'"/"C
OT_pdB(QCB(A]]@B(Z)>31+ >(=:3*3!$%&*) <A=#(:+T=(%@$ 3'$)=>0< :832)%&*3J?3:831(/%&+%,D(k_QB(_"&)'"/"C
kphpZwW[B( nC0&%,C2B( 1@@XB( H>(>+:>+=(B( _-,"/+$#*/.( p:",%D$$( Q:.+.D$#'+%I(
/<k.'+"+$;B(k.'+"eC
hT[kTh[yZ[QOoQ( 0_Q2( Oh( ]Al1@@F( k"&H"D%+*;( Q;&.5%I):$%8.( $< h",-( '< ,+$"(
A^( 8&;,+$"( 1@@1< &C( /< )5&"/$%( )*"*-)*-:$( *&"+)5.&*;( :.H%I./%8.B( Z'C`C( t( @AR(
'<1AC@FC1@@F(&C
hT[kTh[yZ[QOoQ(0_Q2(Oh(RF l1@@F(k"&H"D%+*;(Q;&.5%I):$%8.($<h",-('<,+$"(
1 (H;*%8.(1@@F<&C(/<)5&"/$%()5&"/.',"e()*"*-)*-#'+-#>(/<.,+$%)$%+$;(,.(5&'%7
/.';(H.*+$#'%8.(5")"M%&=/B(V&"#>*;($<5.#'*-B(Z'C`C(t(@^^('<AAC@FC1@@F(&C
hT[kTh[yZ[QOoQ(kphtp!QOv`(Q`hTkQnWdoQrT(o<hpZw(0`Q2(Oh( @l1@A1
'<,+$"(AN()*-#'+$"(1@A1<&C(/<)5&"/$%()5&"/.',"e()*"*-)*-#'+-#>(/<.,+$%)$%+$;(
,.(*&"+)5.&*;(,&.8./%8.(&'%#'-B(Z'C`C(_Q(t(@F1('<FC@1C1@A1(&C
WTim[wdB( !CB( A]]XB( H+*>)>+%&*+ !$)/*$= @(=3G%$ G/313<$:=( 8/&+/31*$%&)?3B(
w:AdC<n"I;8"(0&%,C2B(;#(:+T=(%@( $A(*(#$&( 1(*+%,- Q/3'#)!+ >)3/)>+%&*)- P(=:3*3!$(D_-,"/+$#*/.(p:",%D$$(Q:.+.D$#'+%I(/%(_&.#3"/$;B(_&.#3"/C
WvQmB(!CB(1@@ B(5*(#$&( 83/0<*(<%&( !$(/ :+*>)>+%&*+%, /3&<3@9 :832)%&*3J?3:831(/%&)?3 <3@)<01&><D f_$",.D.G#$(W*"*-)*-#'+%g(+&(^B(_"&)'"/"C
Wvhp\tB(ZC0&%,C2B(A]]NB(P(=:3*3!$( :>/9=>9/ <A'(1(*$(%, /)?$3*(#*+%,D Wydaw7
+$#*/.(p:",%D$$(Q:.+.D$#'+%I(/%(_&.#3"/$;B(_&.#3"/C
WvhTnOwB(nCB(1@AFB(R(:>3:3<(*$) >(=:3*3!$$ :>/9=>9/ 13 (*(#$&+ )<3#9%@$ :+:>)!9
>/(*:83/>9 >3<(/3<)?3 <A =/(@(%, B*$$ C9/38)@:=$)@D f_$",.D.G#$( W*"*-)*-#'+%g(
+&<A@B(_"&)'"/"C
[QtopuB( pCB( 1@@@B( P(=:3*3!$%&*( (*(#$&( 8/&):>/&)**)?3 &/0U*$%3<(*$( 83&$3!9
U+%$( <A Q3#:%) <A 9@S%$9 1+*(!$%&*+!B( _-,"/+$#*/.( p:",%D$$( Q:.+.D$#'+%I(
/<d&":./$%B(d&":=/C
[o!OwB( pCB( 1@A@B( H>(>+:>+=( 38$:3<(- Z(>)/$(2+ 83!3%*$%&) 13 [<$%&)\D Wydaw7
+$#*/.(k_W[(/<d.+$+$%B(d.+$+C
DISPROPORTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT
IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES
!"#$ %#&' m.+)$,%&$+8( *>"*( *>%( *&"+)5.&*( $)( .+%( .V( *>%( D.)*( %))%+*$"H( V"#*.&)(
$+z;%+#$+8( %#.+.D$#( ,%{%H.5D%+*B( $*( )>.;H,( 9%( "));D%,( *>"*( :+./H%,8%( "9.;*(
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)*&"*%8$#(,%#$)$.+)C(d%%5$+8(*>"*($+(D$+,B(*>$)("&*$#H%($)("+("**%D5*(*.(%)*"9H$)>("+,(
,%*%&D$+%( *>%( ,$)5&.5.&*$.+)( $+( *>%( ,%{%H.5D%+*( .V( *&"+)5.&*( $+V&")*&;#*;&%( "+,(
V&%$8>*(*&"+)5.&*($+(*>%(+%/(Q`(!%D9%&(W*"*%)(9-(D%"+)(.V(*>&%%(D;H*$7,$D%+)$.7
!"#$%#%$&'()$%*+%',)-./$0"1$,21,$!)1$0."#%$1%+(')-3#$*(+%*,)405,.26+777
A
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);D)("+,(&"+:)2C
v>%( &%);H*)( .V( #.+,;#*%,( &%)%"&#>( "HH./%,( *.( "&&${%( "*( *>&%%( #&;#$"H( #.+#H;)$.+)C(
|$&)*(.V("HHB("HH("55H$%,(D;H*$7,$D%+)$.+"H(#.D5"&"*${%("+"H-)$)(D%*>.,)($+,$#"*%(*>"*(
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*&"+)5.&*( "+,( ,%{%H.5D%+*( .V( *&"+)5.&*( $+V&")*&;#*;&%( $)( /%HH79"H"+#%,B( />$H%( $+(
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*&"+)5.&*B(Q`(#.;+*&$%)
ZAKOŃCZENIE
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)'%&.:.(5.ID./"+%I()V%&-(s+"+)=/(5;9H$#'+-#>B(/<)'#'%8=H+.G#$()5.).9=/(
$< :&-*%&$=/( ,-)*&-9;#I$( G&.,:=/( s+"+)./-#>( ,.( &%8$.+=/C( O$%.,'./+-D(
%H%D%+*%D(+")'%I(5&.9H%D"*-:$(I%)*(&.H"('"&'6,'"+$"(/<&.'/.I;(&%8$.+"H+-DB(
'/3")'#'"(V.&D('"*&;,+$%+$"("<*":M%(9H$):$%I('"&'6,'"+$;()V%&-(H.8$)*-:$C
!=/$6#(.<&.'/.I;(&%8$.+"H+-D(+$%(D.M%D-('"5.D$+"P(.<)V%&'%(,'$"3"H7
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5&"#-( *-H:.( %H%D%+*-( %:.+.D$:$( ',&./$"B( %:.+.D$:$( .G/$"*-( "H%( *":M%(
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