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press release

The new main building of the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow, Poland – P R E S S R E L E A S E
client:
architect:
Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego
Pysall.Ruge Architekten with Bartlomiej Kisielewski
PRESS RELEASE
The new main building of the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow, Poland
The new main building of the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow offers a symbolic and attractive
combination of virtually all the symbolisms associated with the museum, including the idea of flying,
the atmosphere and structure of an airfield and a passion for the history of technology.
The architecture of the building, which houses a reception area, exhibition space and administration
offices, blends in a logical and natural way with the existing complex of hangars and workshop
buildings. The old hangars were a source of inspiration for the square platform on which the structure
has been based, as well as for its low roofline.
The new structure both continues and modifies the basic square module. Like a sheet of paper that is
cut-out and folded to build a plane. Cast in reinforced concrete, the museum fans out into a light airy
shape evoking the image of a huge three-bladed propeller.
The spacious glazed interior opens out freely in all directions. The reception area faces the street,
while the library and office windows overlook the park to the west. The exhibition hall finds harmony
with an undeveloped area in front of it and offers an unobstructed view of the former runway and of
airplanes parked outside. The subdued colours of the walls and the floor in the northern wing provide
an elegant background to the collection. The airplanes seem to be ready for take-off and do not look
like mere exhibits.
Not only do the gently shaped open spaces immediately offer a clear view of the options available to
the visitor, but they also allow unhindered access to any of them, whether the visitor chooses to
watch a film in the fuel-tank shaped projection room, to have a look at exhibit cases or to enter the
main exhibition space to admire the airplanes on view.
The first floor, which opens with a huge glazed wall to the exhibition hall, houses a restaurant, a bar,
a library open to the general public and a lecture room with 150 seats. Further upstairs, on the
second floor, the glass walls of the museum offices open up onto the park and onto the exhibition
space. In some of the rooms sunlight appears to be coming from an airplane window.
The new Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow is certainly not a conventional ‘house’. It is a structure that
uses its subtly flight-inspired shape to express its function and encourages visitors to explore it further.
PROJECT INFORMATION, text: Pysall.Ruge Architekten with Bartlomiej Kisielewski
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
THE PROJECT
The Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow has erected its new main building in its vast grounds along Jana
Pawła II avenue 39. The building will also play the role of entrance to a complex combining the
Museum and the Aviation Park located within the Krakow’s historic Rakowice-Czyżyny airport.
The building plays symbolic and practical roles by housing the Museum offices, a conference and study
area and an exhibition hall and by offering its dramatic shape as a new icon of the entire Museum
complex. As the bulk of the collection remains in the existing buildings and in an outdoor display, the
new space provides a creative link with the landscape of the historic airfield.
The architectural concept designed by Pysall.Ruge Architekten with Bartłomiej Kisielewski won the first
prize in an open international architectural competition in 2005.
TASK
From the outset, the architects agreed four priorities for the design:
- To create an architectural structure which is both clearly associated with the museum function and
reflects the nature of the exhibits on display;
- To create a modern form, which could provide an icon representing the Polish Aviation Museum in
the contemporary cultural landscape of the city of Krakow - a form that would attract tourists and
airplane aficionados;
- To adopt a logical and efficient, functional layout;
- That the facility would not dominate the adjacent buildings despite its size and would be open
enough to offer a ‘soft transition’ between the developed area and the green area of the Aircraft
Cultural Park.
SPATIAL PLANNING CONCEPT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
A square base was adopted for the design that corresponded to the size of a historic hangar from
1929 located at the centre of the Museum grounds.
The square 62.5 x 62.5 m concrete platform served as a base for the main building’s three wings
designed so as to form patios opening up in three directions: to the southern approach to the
museum, to the future Aviation Park and towards the existing museum buildings.
By having its bulky form broken up into three wings the new building successfully avoids dominating
the existing facilities, while its transparency allows various components of the environment to ‘see’
each other.
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT
The grounds of the former Rakowice-Czyżyny Airfield are a registered historic monument. Care was taken
to ensure that the new development would add quality to the area.
The overall composition base was adjusted to the height of existing trees. Colourful flower meadows
and mowed lawns were designed between the access roads and footpaths. Every field will have its
own specific plants selected to ensure a chosen colour all year round. In this way both the new and
the existing buildings will receive specific ‘addresses’ and the scheme may help visitors find their way
around.
The effect is a complete, modern landscape design to meet the various requirements of a museum park.
SPATIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT
The architecture of the building offers modern design solutions and stands out in its environment but
maintains respect for the surrounding landscape.
The single-piece building has been carefully shaped to create three internal and three external spaces. The
form-factor brings associations of a huge fan or propeller.
The three wings house various functions corresponding to the needs and plans of the client. The
unobstructed 10-metre high spaces in two of them offer an environment where the standing and
suspended collection can ‘live’ at various levels. The west wing was divided into three floors of 3.5
metres each and houses the study, conference and administrative functions.
The wings meet at a hub. This is where most public functions have been placed, including the ground floor
entrance hall, lobby of the multi-purpose room and the first-floor restaurant.
Inter-visibility between the sections of the building was adopted as a crucial principle. A visitor or a
conference participant looking through the omnipresent glazing will be able to keep the airplanes
almost constantly in view.
Multifunctional room on the 1st floor
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FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE
The logical and functional structure adopted in the building is intended to provide comfort for the
various users of the building and be suitable for the different activities planned.
The building’s three floors reflect its three main functions as a museum, a study and conference
facility and an office.
The ground floor houses the entrance zone with a freely accessible temporary exhibition space,
a small cinema, a museum shop and modelling workshops. The lobby opens up to the exhibition
space occupying two wings.
The largest of the wings, designed around the size of the planned exhibits, displays the museum’s
showcase airplanes and engines. Some of these can be suspended above the standing exhibits adding
dynamism to the collection. The wing meets with an educational exhibition section ensuring the
smooth flow of the visitor traffic.
The internal exhibition space is supplemented by an outdoor display area on the square concrete
platform between the wings of the building. This section is devoted to temporary exhibitions.
A multi-purpose room seating 150 is located on the first floor alongside a lobby, the museum bar, the
library with a reference room and Internet-enabled computer workstations.
Offices occupy the top floor.
Ground floor /
1st floor /
2nd floor /
SHELL DEFINES SHAPE
The layout of the wings and the functional structure were designed taking into account the cardinal
points and daylight analysis.
The building is enveloped by a concrete shell that defines its overall shape. By carefully shaping this
structure the designers were able to protect the exhibition space from direct exposure to the sun,
while allowing in sufficient daylight and opening the building to the surrounding landscape.
INTERIOR AND MATERIALS
Natural and raw-looking materials were selected for the building to provide contrast to the
surrounding greenery. The light and the colourful surroundings will complement the interior spaces.
The existence of visual relationships between different sections of the entire space was adopted as an
essential design principle and some of the internal walls are glazed to allow this contact.
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The outer shell defining the building shape is made of architectural concrete, which has been left
exposed both on the inside and outside.
Anodised aluminium was proposed as a finishing material on some of the walls and stairwell details.
This material was consistently repeated in components of the exhibition furniture. The ground floor
was made of integrally coloured high-load concrete.
Heavy duty parquet was used for the upper floors, including in corridors, office rooms, the multipurpose room and the library to provide an effect of warmth.
Aluminium staircase in the lobby
STRUCTURE
The irregular form-factor of the plan and the great spans provided the designers with a serious
challenge in striking the right balance between the construction constraints and the architectural
design.
The engineering design involved the use of different construction solutions and materials in the office wing
and its walls from those used in the roof structure of the exhibition wings that span 12 and 45 metres.
The reinforced-concrete office wing serves as a stiffening component for the entire building structure.
HVAC DESIGN AND SYSTEMS
The designers aimed to create an energy-efficient building (including heating, ventilation and lighting)
that would use local energy resources and would meet the project’s budgetary constraints.
The building design respects the rules of sustainable design.
Two temperature zones were designed. The two 10-metre high exhibition wings constitute the lower
temperature zone. The west wing devoted to the study, conference and office functions is kept
warmer. In summer, both zones can be interconnected by opening the dividing walls. This division
into ‘climate zones’ considerably improved the building’s energy efficiency.
The abundance of natural light penetrating deep into the building minimises the requirement for
artificial light during working hours.
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The floor-heating system incorporated in the exhibition wings by the client will be supplied via a heatpump and will reduce the cost of heating in winter. In summer, the same system will be used to cool
the building.
ILLUMINATION
Much effort went into the illumination and lighting design. A complete illumination design for each
internal space uses lights placed on the floor, walls and under the ceiling to underscore the building’s
unorthodox geometry.
NEW BUILDING
Through its remarkable form the new Polish Aviation Museum building not only communicates its
own function, but also encourages visitors inside.
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client:
architect:
Justus Pysall, Peter Ruge, Bartłomiej Kisielewski
The architects
Pysall.Ruge Architekten is an architectural design studio established in Berlin in 1993 by Justus Pysall and
Peter Ruge, graduates of the Technical University of Braunschweig.
The office benefited from an extensive experience that both partners had gathered working on numerous
projects and in academic posts both in Germany and abroad. Justus Pysall had worked for Foster
Associates in London, for Jean Nouvel Associés in Paris and held an academic post with Architectural
Association in London. Peter Ruge had developed his career in Kyoto, Japan, where he had worked
for Ueda-Ateliers and Genplan Architects and lectured at the Ashiya College of Arts and Computer.
All this experience has translated into international collaborations on numerous international projects.
Pysall.Ruge Architekten have become known for its creative approach that also took into account
technological and environmental aspects while working to precisely defined budgets and deadlines.
Examples of such projects include a residence for the Ambassador of South Africa in Berlin,
the construction of a complex comprising embassies of five Nordic countries in Berlin, a design of
the United Arab Emirates Embassy, the construction of an Embassy of Canada in cooperation with
KSG Architects of Toronto, as well as the most recent projects, including LTD_1 building in Hamburg,
Rose of Mianyang building in China and the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow (with B.Kisielewski).
For the last eight years, Pysall.Ruge Architekten worked on their Polish projects with Bartłomiej Kisielewski.
Prior to his collaboration with Pysall.Ruge, he had worked, among other studios, with Takamatsu &
Lahyani Architects Associates in Berlin and DDJM Architects in Krakow. In 2010, Bartłomiej Kisielewski
co-founded Horizone Studio in Krakow.
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PROJECT DATA
Client :
Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie
Project initiator
and main co-founder :
Samorząd Województwa Małopolskiego
(Regional Authorities of Malopolska)
Architect / General planner :
Design team:
Justus Pysall, Peter Ruge, Bartłomiej Kisielewski,
Katarzyna Ratajczak, Mateusz Rataj, Alicja Kępka-Guerrero
Structural and M&E Services
Arup International – Kraków
Landscape architect
ST raum a – Berlin
Photographies:
Jakub Pierzchała
Location :
al. Jana Pawła II 39, 30-969 Kraków, Polska
Park area :
Net floor area of the building :
Gross floor area of the building :
Building volume :
6,19 ha
3 378 m2
4 504 m2
23 250 m3
Construction cost :
Financed by :
13 million Euro (including Aviation Park) :
4 million Euro – Regional Government of Malopolska
9 million Euro – EU founds
International architectural
competition :
Construction :
Opening date :
1st Prize, 2005
2008 – 2010
18th September 2010
Berlin / Kraków, September 2010
Foto: D.Rutkowski, MLP
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