The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum

Transkrypt

Archives Reference No: PRM.Z.2
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Copyright: The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum (London)
1.
PREZYDIUM RADY MINISTROW Z/2
M.W.
T 2 K A
- Z
2.
KORESPONDENCJA Z WASZYNGTONEM.
Th
Specjalny Sekretariat Premiera.
"ARCHIWUM ZARANSKłEGC".
e
1.
21.1.1944.
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lis
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2.
1944.
8.IX. 1944.
4.
16.X.1944.
Odpis memoriału opracowanego dla bawiącej w Londynie delegacji słowackiej przez b. posła
F. Schwarza. )4. W jęz. słow./.
Min ASpr.Zagr. przedkłada kopięmemoriału przeF
anego
Ambasadorowi Winant-owi, Przewodniezacem
Sł
Europejskiej Komisji doradczej. /ściśle tajne/.
Memoriałzawiera szereg wstę pnych uwag Rządu
polskiego co do warunków, jakie mają być nałożon am
na Niemcy po ich poddaniu się.
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3•
London International Assemblye Disarmament
of Germahy and her Allies. Report from Commission
I adopted by the Assembły at its meeting o January 21 st.1944.
List Premiera St.Mikołajczyka do A. Harrimana
Ambasadora U.S.A. w Sowietach w sprawie t.zw.
Linii Cursona.
te
5.
27.10.1944.
S
30.X.1944.
Telegram Szyfr. Nr.437 z Polmissinn Waszyngton
do MSZ w sprawie dorę czonego apelu p. Premiera
Prezydentowi Rooseveltkowi w Chicago i na temat
rozmowy Ciechanowskiego z Harrimanem i Bohlenem.
/Odpis./
7.
3.X1.194.
Odpis telegr. szyfr. Nr. 372 z MSZ do Polnission Waszington od Homera w sprawie warunków
postawionych Pzadowi Polskiemu na konferencji
w Moskwie i uchwale nzgdu Polskiego w tej sprawie
d
an
Ciechanowski z Poł misson Waszyngton telegram
szyfrowy Nr.433 do MSZ z%awiadonieniem o wręczeniu Departamentowi Stanu telegram szyfr. Nr.550.
/Odpis/.
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Odpis telegr. szyfr. Nr. 373 z r,L;Z, do Uolmission Waszyngton z Odpowiedzia wstepnn Prezydenta
Roosevelt' a.
9.
M
Telerr. Szyfr. Pyr. 7t} /Odpis/ - omer
:;SZ,
do Polmission w 'aszyngtonie w sprawie przySpieszenia odpowiedzi Prezydenta Roosevelta na telegram Premiera z 26.X1.
11.
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10.
Pomer do Ambasadora w Waszyngtonie poleca rozwinać wzmożona czynnośćna odcinku spraw polsko<,
sowieckich w zwiqzku z reelekcjąPrezydenta.
/Odpis telegr. szyfr. Nr.5t3U./
9.X1.1944.
Telegr. szyfr. t:r.587/odpis/ z MSZ Re:586 z
proś bą wejścia Ambasadora w Waszyngtonie z Delegatem Apostolskim w kontakt dla zaznajomoenia
go z wynikami obrad konferencji moskiewskiej.
PREZYDIUM RADY MINISTROW Z/2
'2.
M.W.
TEKA
-Z-
2.
KORESPONDENCJA Z WASZYNGTONEM.
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"ARCHIWUM ZARANSRłEGO".
e
,12.
10.X1.1944.
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13.
13.X1.1944
Ciechanowski z Polmission Waszyngton łelegr.
szfr. Nr.459 do MSZ w sprawie wykonania instrukcji
otrzymanych w telegramqch Nr.Nr.579,z:86.
Odpis telegr.szyfr.Nr.465 z Polmission aszyngton do MSZ za_ sprawozdaniem z rozmów z Sekretarzem Stanu Stettiniusem odbytych przez Ciechanowskiego.
14.XI.1944.
15.
15.X1.1944.
1G.
15.X1.1944.
17.
15.X1.1944.
Polmission Waszyngton tełegr. Szyfr.Nr.467 odpowiada na telegr. szyfr. Nr.601 z MSZ sugerujac
że wystąpienie prasy Haersta jest niedyskrecja
celowa amerykaiSkich czynników politycznych.
18.
XI . 1944.
16.
Ambasador Ciechanowski odpowiada P. Ministrowi
MSZ depesza.Nr.469 na telegr.Szyfr Nr.603 e
stwierdzona została bezpodstawnoSe informacji w
prasie T!aersta.
19.
16.X1.1g44.
MSZ do Polmission w Waszyngtonie telegr.Szyfr.
Nr.601 z poleceniem do Ambasadora wystąpienia
energicznego w sprawie artykułu w prasie Haersta
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14.
Romer z MSZ, do Polmission w Waszyngtonie depesza szyfr. Nr.602 dyskretnie podaje gotowość
przyjazdu P.Premiera do Waszyngtonu celem prze
dyskutowania naszych spraw w Departamencie Stanu
i z Prezydentem.
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Odpis telegr.Szyfr. Nr.603 z MSZ do Ambasadora w Waszyngtonie z oznajmieniem o rezygnacji
P. Premiera z osobistej enuncjacji na wersje pra
Haersta i prośbą aby p. Ambasador wystąpił z zaprzeczeniem w porozumieniu z Departamentem Stanu.
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Si
,p1Ciechanowski z Polmission w laszyngtonie
ki
w telegramie szyfr. nr.471 infcrmuje p. ini-
21.
17. 2:1 .1944.
18.U.1944.
Kopia listu Pranklina D. Rooseveit'a do p.I're
miera `Ministrów z propozycja przedyskutowania
sprawy stosunków polsko-sowieckich z Ambasadorem
Harrimanem oddawca tego listu. Inne sprawy należy zostawić do załatwienia przez Swiatowe Organi:r acjęBezpieczeństwa w późniejszym tzasie;-.
/ W jz. ang./.
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20.
M
stra i p.Premiera o wynikach swoich rczmów z
S. z 9enartamentu stanu i o obietnicy Prezydentai
danin_ ). Premierowi odpoWiedzi wi:rótce.
izomer z MSZ do Polmission w Waszyngtonie telegreszyfr. nr.607 z proba, o raport w zwiqzku •
kampaniąHaersta w prasie wraz z wynikami prasowymi.
'Z/2
PREZYDIUM RADY MłNiSTROW
3.
N.W.
TEK A
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2.
KOPESPONDT:,NCJA Z WASZYNGTONEM.
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"ARCU łWUM ZARANSKIEGO".
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19.XI.1944.
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Ciechanowski z Poł mission Waszyngton tel.
szyfr.du MSZ z zawiadomieniem o wysłaniu raportu
z wycinkami w sprawie wiadomości podanych w prasie Uaersta.
• ś -ś -ś -
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LONDON INTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY
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11 Maiden Lane,
TEMple Bar 6140
4682
London, W.C.2.
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com
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:
19th July, 1944.
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pur Excellency,
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I am instructed to bring to your notice the
enclosed reports that have been adopted by the
London International Assembly on Proposals relating
to the German Problem, the Disarmament of Germany and
her Allies and Proposals relating to the Italian
Problem.
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With these papers I enclose a resolution unanimously
adopted by the Assembly on Uncondltional Surrender and
an explanatory memorandum by the Chairman of the
Commission responsible for this document, Dr. de Baer.
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I have the honour to be, Your Excellency,
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Your obedient servant,
iM
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Secretary.
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His Excellency the Primo Minister of the Polish Republic,
2 Bryanston Court,
George Street,
W.1.
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LONDON INT:;-42N.ATIONAL ASS:2,,1 13LY
Commission
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Unconditional Surrender
ish
Resolution adopted by the Assembly ^t its meetinb. on May 24th, 1944.
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WHEREAS the collapse of any one of the
Powers will
necessitate the assumption br,r the United Nations, for
a limited period, of the fuli responsibility for the
administ•ation of the ter i ;ory formerly under the
control of such Power; and
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WHEREAS it is ln the interests of th) United 1,itions as well
as of the inhabitants of Ais territories that the now
administration should bo at liberty, without be ind;
rustricted by the rulus of the Hague Convention of 1907
regulating the Laws and. Oustoms of War on. Land,
immediately to abrogate the legislation basod on Fascist
and Nazi doctrinesi and ło promulgate new decrees where
required either for the punishment of war crirdinaiS or
for socal and economic reforms;
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THE LONDON UTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
RECOML:ENDS:
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That following on the unconditionuł surrender of any Axis
Power the United Nations shall take the proper legał steps to
enable them to administer the territory of that Power until
the final settlement of the Peaos.
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15
LONDON INTERNATIONAL ASSMBLY
PROPOSALS RELATING TO THE łTALIAN PROBLEM
Report f2OM Commisvion II adopted by the Assembly
at its meetlng on June 7th, 1944.
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1. The London International Assembly, fully conscious of Italy's
war guilt, bolieves that Mussolini' s unprincipled imperialist
solution for łtaly's economio problems was the basic cause for
Italy's entry luto the W.42.
Territorius thus acuired by the
Italians should be roturnod to their rightfiil owners.
Other
,territorial adju.stmonts in the intorest of tho futuro peaco of
the world should also bo mado.
Nowevor, the Assembly fools that
to ensure a lasting poace othcr stops wił1 havu to be takon
simultaneously.
The Assombly, thorofore, stron &_y recommends
that the World Organisatioa, as ono of ita first tasks, should
undortako tho f3(31 cr[f Italy's probłems of excess population, for
thoir alleviatiou au soon as possiblo.
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2. The London international Assembly recoumends the followialg
territorial adjustments to put an end to Italy's illegal foothold in the Baikans uzna disposo of ber colonial Empire in such a
way as to prevent futuro agcression.
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3. The iłalo-Jugoslav Trontier shall be in principle tho ItaloAustrian of 1018, with such ratifioatioos as shall include the
so called Vonetian Sloy"cnes in jucoslavia.
Triestem Istria, the
łslands on the Dalmotian Co pst, and the city of Zara to be transTriestc to bocome a free port, with an
ferred to Jugoslovia.
autonomous administration ond financo, under a Port Director
reeponsiblo to an Exocotive Board, appointod by the Wor1(9_
Organisatiou and on which all tho intarested Powors shall bo
directiy represented Glooslavio, Austria, Huncary, Czochosłovakła
and Połand); the samo 3.1eilf1.0 ehould. apply to thu railways, road
and cunals which 000noct Tricsto with tho hintorland.
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4. The cessioa to Greoce without compensation of tho Lodecanese
islands.
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5. The cession of Eritrea to Ethlopia without compousation,
that this is in accordance with the wishos of the peopło.
6. The łtaliaA rosidonts of Tunisia shall loso the special priviłoges
granted them by thu Pronch Govornment in 1WoC.
ki
Ail Italian
7. Ałbanio shall be rostorod as on indopendent nation.
The
influenok in whatsoover form to be oliminatod i2OM Albania.
special intorest in Albania rocoGniacd to Italy to bo doclarocł
The 2ostoration of Albania wiła. not in any way
null and void.
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(a) thu question oa Albania'a positJon in relatior to such
futuro arran(;.emli.ts as may bo roached botwoon tho
vorious Balkon Siotos;
(b) tho quostion of the frontiors of thu Albanian Stato
aftor tho war, which will have to be considored at the
a cu sottlomont.
b. no lituro of Cyronaioa, Tripolotania, Italian Somaliland, and
Pantoilaria and tho noarby islands in the Meditorranonn to bo
left at the discrotion of thu World Organisntion.
LONDON INTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY
xI
Pr000sa.s re_lat41,g_to the_
prob3.erq
adoptod by tho Assembly at its mooting on Monday,
Novombor 22..1(1, 1943.
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1. As tha Roich boars tho entiro ruoponsibility for iaunchinc the
nrosont war in Europo, puaco ,hotYl, a
organisod in such a way
as to onsuror abov) ail olse, that any fur,bhor German aggrossion
bocomos impossiblo. Tho pri,iJ.ary objoct of tho poaco should bo
the provontion of
furthar Gorman acgrossion.
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2. Tho London intornationa1 Assombly hopos that tho olimination of
tho Galman pori ł racy oc onsurod in lasting mannor by a rually
officacious organisation of colioctivo socurity which would
It is
involvu obligations and guarantoos for alt. nations.
novorthołoss of orinion that, at łoast until it is possibło
to sot up an intornationał authority with tho armod forces and
stratogical ba os in(lisponsablo for socuring tho maintonanco of
poaco, Germany must bo oubjoctod to all n000soaroi moasuros to
de.orivc har of the pootor of harming othor nations.
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3. Foromost among thoso moasuros io tho dioarmamont of Germany,
This disarmament rdest bo inotoiato :unconditicoial, totai and
pormanont oxoot in so fnr us hor armamo.ohs aro a contribution
to an intornationał forco.
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4.Tho occupation of the wholo of Gormany soorns indisponsablo :boty
for onsuring hor total disrm onł nnd for bringing homo to hor
finally
thu disastors to which any policy of
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lead.
Tho Asoombly 'ocl ł ovoo it dosirabło that this
occo)ntion should Do )1,ołohgod until such timo as a satisfactory
systom of colluctivo socurity has bucu orcanisod. At al ł ovonts,
the occupation shouł(3 last.so 1onc ul Gormany »o^s not idoon
subjoctud to a system of .porlonnont moasuros avorting alb
possibility of agflrossion on har part.
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5. Tho politicoł u(Pity of Germany is aecoptod au a situotion whioh
mio;ht 'u stroo_thonod rathor
.
thRn wonkonod by outsido intorvontion.
bovorLnoloss, any sponto.11oous, partScularist or suparatist
coodonoios on tho part of tho Gormalo pcoQL) thomsolvos would bo
fo,vourablo rucoivod but thc fact iust bu kapt in h,ind that any
trooinformaticool in łnio rospoct cen provo laoting onły if it
coroes from tho Gormars thomsuivos.
6, Thu frontiors of tho Ruich will "oo not widor than ti.00c of
M
Jo.nuury 1st, 1938, and, as oRrt of a ;;onoral sottlomont, tha
dotRchmont from tho Roich of cortain soctions of Gorman
torritory ought not to bo rulecl out.
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7. Should the total occupaLion of Gormany corso to an ond bofore
an offectivo organiontion of collootivo socurity has baon
cotabł ishod, Gormany would havo to agroo to Ailiod contingonts
boing stationud on hor torritory and dong hor conwts ut points
to 'bo detorminod by tho Alłiud Govornmonto afłor-consuitation
with thoir military oxports.
6. Concurrontly with socurity moRsuros takon towards tho Roich t
both in tho generał intorost and in thc intorosts of tho Gorman
pooplo thomeolvos, tho Alliod Govornmonts should dovoto thoir
attontion to oncouracing n radical ro...oducation of tllo Gorman
nstion with a viow to crouVng a now montality in Gormany offerinc
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:ainst a recrudesconce of tho upirit of
6.onuino zuarantoos a;
awression. In this connoction the Ass•nly roaffirms tho more
dotallod proosaio łt has n1ready roi.. forward in ito roport on
Education and thc Unite::. Nations.
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9. Tho rostorntion of oconomin prooperi
in Gurmemy
the
rranowork of NU ,?nonninic roconotruction of. Zuropo and the worid
;,.1"%zrapil 4 of the Atlantic
in conformity with
Apirrit
p=it, ia coneidered
Ch-„otor and om 000r oe
an essontial factor of sorwrity.
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10, Thu 1:_aUZtIV
uho '4oich ooinc, by roauon of its outnut ,nd
oriontation, the pl'incipoi sou:co of German militrwy raik ant
which has raado pow31-1e tho policy of domixation by violonco
constantly praotj.o)d by (:;.ornany for three»quarters of a century,
the Aosombly is conT5. ,,cod th:ot
Yousuron of a territorial or
military imture to whIcio tho Rolch me,y
subjectod wculd in tho
lony run be inoporative if thoy .ceru not accompaniod by a 1oneterm uld ofIfoctive uyston of insnoction and. control by an
intornntionałaubhority of German industry, v4thout which thoro
could bo no truo worid socurity.
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11.With rof,:ronoo to tho problem of reparations, tho Assomb1y
considors that, in addition to rontitutiona, ropiRcoments and
cortain paymonts Gorow,ny rury mnko, eonuino reparati.on for damago
causod by tho prosont war can only bo thado by German industry
in tho form (.:r' good:A n,r. 21.:,"ViC05 within the framowork of tho
oconomic roconutruotion of
vorld.
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12.The Assembly hae boon strucle by tho fact that 0;4mrAy hno
tho Gorman
in tho ];:oriphery of thc Ruich as a factor oi
intornal diLJitention :tn tho vo.oious Stałos roncorned, and ovon
as a vangunrd of invadinp; armiou. For thiu roason, tho
holu tiJat, nowdthstanding tho trnditional practico
Arluobly
in virtuc of which tho rostoration o: fornor frontiors cannot
affoct tho inhabitantsl domłcila ar thoir right to rotain thoir
cułtural charactorintics, oxpulsion to tho Roich,should bo
authorisod in tho caso of:
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(1)«000plo having tckcn up thoir domiciL, in dis.-annoxod
torritories aftor annoxr.bio.1;
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(2)poonlo ilo, hnvine boon domicilod in uuch torritortos
boforo thoir nnnoxation, havo rctod in cuch a way e41
to favour anhoxtition, thus violatine thoir obligations
toJards tho country of which they aro nationnls.
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Tho Assembly novortheloss is of opinion that any transferu of
ponulation thuu docidod should be accompaniod by mocsuros dostinod
to łosson tho hardships and sufforing which aro inuopambło from
any such oxpulsion,
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OCWFUTMTIAL
May 1943,
LONDOV 1 4MNATIONAL ASS'TMBLY
CONORRNrM rITH TH1 LI( UIDATION OF TM;WA1-
COM' ibLi1ON I FOR LaMTIO
UNI,Tn ANI) AXIb NATiO''S
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TH.7, WCAL POITłON OF'
TT F UNOONDI_TłONAL bURRENDIT,h.
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(By M. d0 1'A"R)
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ThP formula l'unconditional surrPndor", an outcomP of thP
Casablanca conv,4rsations, has mAt with thP unanimous approval
of th0 UnIt0d Nations. Froco ,idinc on th0 assumption that no
Armisticp w - 11 bp crantPd and no Armis ł cp torms d łscussPd
this timP, i ł may br, of.so,/ r4 intPrPst to ,,xaminp to what
Pxł cInt "uncondi ł ional surrpndpr" suff ł cps, by International
Law, to govPrn łh0 transitional pod, which will follow
thP war and during which łhP occupation and r,.-Pducation of
thp Axis countriP6 will bP undprtaPn. In wthr wordh, it may bp propor to Pxamin- what rights unconditIonal surrPndPr
will confor upon thP UnitPd Natiom in rPspAct of thPir
occupation durin thn transitional pPr'od in quPstion, and whp łhPri
GPrmany is to bP govornPd p during that pPriod, by . th0 fagu" Convpntion or in neordanc with a npw systPm morgi npropriatP to
thP circumstancps.
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What ib commonly suppond to bP monnt by unconditIonal surrnndAr lb thP unlimitPd rPlinquishme, nt by th- vant.u ł bhd. of ali
his rights and thP placin of his fat in the hands of thP victor.
Lihould this bp thP automstic cons,, quPncP of ;.urrPndPr •thAn thP
position is
anything that is don,, by thP occupior
Si
lal and justifiPd; as intrnational low stands, howpvpr, u ur_
rPnd,,, r impliPs dPfłnitr,cons,,quPncPs, rł ghts and oblign łions,
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which thn Lritish Manua ł of Military Law ił ni.f rneopnIz4Ns
(sPction 316), and which cannot bn 1:nornd.
'I'bn 1Pgal asp,, ct of the, occupation of G rmany.
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No surrPndpr ta reallt unconditiona1 . : whPn łhP vanquish43
will ba
bollignrnt sur=dor, hP has a right to Pxp,.. ct that
faet of
trPatPd in conformity with thP laws of war; łhP
aci,Ppting thP surre,nd-r confPrs upon thn vic ł or enrtatn
(1) to cPase. firn, (2) to givP clurt(, r, (3) to
which art
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tako into account
of military honour (:1rt. 35 of Fagun
ConvPntion IV).
.Surr,,, ndnr impliPs that th,, victor has t ► n rI ht to
tPrritory of thn vanquishmd,
pxpreist,
authority ovor
hut such mil —tary authority carris with it numrous obligations,
U-1r, followin, amonut othPrs
(1)
to rPsp0ct thP laws in forcP in thn occupind country;
(2)
to abstain from compolling thn occupind population
to sw,, ar allPgianc,, to thŁ occupation authoriti-s;
(3)
to rpspct family rights, privat ,propPrty, frondom
of worship;
- 2 (4) to conform to thP Hau ConvAn ł ion iV in rPspPet of
taxps, and in rPapPet of contributions, rPclusitions,
and sPzurols;
(5) to absłain from inflicting coiloctive,pPnaltiPs;
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(6) to eonform to EnguP ConvPntion IV in rPappet of
stat0 or othPr public propPr ły.
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But PvPn łhr,IlaguP rulPs arP incomplPtP and it has nlways
bo4n rneognizPd that thPy rPquirP sup:4PmPnting by th" cuatomary
Rulps of Warfarn {British Manuol, spct. 311 which arP, namP ły,
that thP ordinary courts of thP land should not bp susppndpd
(op. cit., sPct 368), that cłvił sPrvaryts cannot bP compollAd
to co-opPratP, P łc...
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T1- us thP rights of łh0 occupa ł ton authorttlPs nrp subjPct
to cPrtain important limitntions.
II.
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Are, we.4 sattafiPd that thP conenptión of "unconditional
aurrPndPr", as it is gPnPrally accPptPd by InłPrnałionnl
Law, will allow thP Unite, d Na ł ions suffiCiPnt libPrty of
action towards thP Axis, PapPcinlly in re,spPet of sPctiona
1, 5 and 6 abovP ?
It id difficult to sep in advanc0 what diff ł cultips may
arisP if thp Unitpd Nations arP bound towards GPrmany by thn
limity Snt to oecupation by intorna ł iona ł lnw, but hPrP arp
te
thrpp or four fiPlds in which it mny bp dPsirablP that thP AlliPs
should not bP bourd by ruch Limity
Css to rPspPcting thP lawy in forcP in thp occupiPd
an
1.
country
d
Modifications of thP PxistinF GPrman 1Pgis1ation mny wPił
bP nPcPssary
thP AlliPs may bP unwilling to allow that, in a
country occupind by thPm, Nazi law wth all its r0ePnt Pxtrw7a-
Si
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ko
gonł dPvPlopmPnts, including racial discri-lnation, should
It d4c%Ild unlIkPly tht thn Alii-s will allow
riPmain in forcP.
thP pxisting 1PgislativP bodips (which nrp PntirP ły Nazi) to
continua functioning; on łhP othPr band, according to intPrnationa1 law (and also to iz,ritsh Militnry ław, ChactiNr. XIV, sPet.
366), no nPw law may bP promulgatPd, no łdw may bP alt red or
ki
suapPndod in an occupłPd country unle,ss dr,mandmd by thP Pxige,ncips of war.
It is difficuit to soP how it could lan conłpndpd,
whnn hostilltiPs havel bP-n PndPd by unconditional surrpndpr, that
thP "nxigoneins of war" dPmand thP modifiention of a law. So
M
that, unlPss in mattpra of 1Pgia łation łhP AiliPa arP in n post-
2.
In judicinl mattprs
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tion to do morP than what thPHagu. ConvPntion nllows, thP
Pxisting Nazi law. will r-main in foren.
It is the> samein judicial mattPrs. To illus ł rnte,this
an PxamplP I will taka thP quPation of war crimPs
if no agrPPmPnt is mndP in rPapPet of thP punishmPnt of
war criminals, łhe,GPrman Courts, which will continu0 to sit,
will, alonP have,jurisdiction to try alt crimPa comlttPd
by thP inhnbitnnłs, and which arP not of n miliłary natur
or do not affpct .the, safPty of thP army of oceupation (british
Manual, ChaptP_ r XIV - 364). ThP majority of war
dopor-
taton of civilians, massacros of inhobitants, thP shootin of
hosta£ps4 hP abduetton of womPri for thP purposPs of prostitution,
cann8tnaidPrpr3 as military crimPs, whPthPr thPy arP committPd 1)-: a civilinn ar
R soldiPr.
Pg m
Consoquontly, in łho prosont sł ato of affairs, Gorman
e
Th
Courts alonim havo jurisdict łon to try war erimns; should th©
Unł tod Na ł ions find it nocossary.to.ot up, within Gormany, any
Courts of tholr own, (whothor militory, evit, or intor-alliod)
to try such crimos,- this will bo.dorogatory to intornatl_o/al law,
but should tho rnios intond to puh 0-rmnns for crimos
commił tod by thom in Gormany, not only Rgninst Alliod subjocts but
also arninst Gormnn J^wa or statoloss porsons, thon this cannot bc4
dano wiłhout formally doprivne Gor' an Courts, by lnw, of such
jurisdiction.
3.
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According to tnł ornntional law, łho eivil authorił ios
of nn occupiod country ennrot bo compollod to
co-oporato or to a,)sist tho occupation authoritios
aoct. 393).
Chaptor
in any wny
itu
st
In
Nations, whon thoy occupy Gormnny, tolornto
Will tery Unit
thnt tho local authorit ł os, by volunł nry noglocł af thoir dutios,
by placing obs łruction in tho wny, ar ovon by passivo disobod łow,
occupntion of tho Ruhr in
should ropont th- oxporionco of
14";23? It sooms that, tholr primnry duty bing to rostoro ordor
in łho land, tho Unił od jiations should hnvo tho right to compol
mombors of tho Gorman admilstrntion to romnin in offico, and
that nny failur. to oxocuto tho ordor4 of tho Alliod ndministration should bo punishod with appropriato ponaltios.
te
Thoro aro ołhr fi-lds ln Which tho Unitod NntIons may
find It nocossary for thor - fiction in Gormnny to oxtond furthor
than fis pormit łod by intornntionnl law; soizuro of privo ł o proporty, roquisitions oxcnoding tbo noods af tho army of occupation
(forb ,.ddon by:tho Hau,u0 Convontion IV), may bo rociuirod for tho
immodinto ro-oquipmont of countrios which tho Gormnns may hnvo
wilfuIly dovstatod boforo ovneunł ing łhom (as tboy did in tho
- -easo of tho Narth of Frnneo botwoon Octobor eth and Novombor llłh,
1918). To subduo tho Gormans wo may ovon havo to infliet upora
thom'eollocł ivo ponaltt-, s, as thoy hnvo consstonł ly barn doing
thomsolvos in occupiod countrios ; and ovon if wo do not wich
to oxorciso such drnstic rgh łs, łho Lormbns should know that
It is wł thin our powor to do so 1ognlly.
d
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111. 1n vlow of tho fL;ct that tho oxiStint:, ruios of intornational Law do not alio% th- Unitod Nał ions sufficiont,
liborty af action, how i this situation to bo romodiod ?
ki
'(1) a uniltorn1
Throo romodios can bo eonsidrnrod
by 'tho ljnitod Nntions; (2)
modification of .intornational
an oxtonston of tho right: of tbo occupntion authoritios by
M
mutual.Rgroomont with tho Gormans (3) tho tormination of.
tho .stato of war by - or at tho tvimo of -- tho . unconditional
surrondor.
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1.
unUatoral modifioatLon of intorna ł tonal lnw,
It wouid not bo impossIbl,,for tho Unitod Nntions to
issuo a Wtatomont by which tho Ungun Convontions aro abrogatod
aniropłacod by a now Doe łnration of Intornationnl Law, It
wouł d not bo impossiblo, on tho princip10 thnt laws nro tho
in all communił ios łho
Produe ł of łho will of th- mnjorty
mjortty of.mombors doclnro tho lnw, nnd tho comrnunity of
nations should not bo nn oxcoption; tho Unit
Nations aro tho
of mankind
mnjority of nntions, thoir pooplos form tho ma jogi
and thoro would bo somo justification for thoir nssuminpi tho
right to ;; łato tho rulos govornin intornationnl lnw. Lut such
n courso could novor moot with any npproval from reny of tho Axis
-4
nnł ions, and would bo most unpopulnr. Moroovor tf wo abroga łod
inłornotional ław whcn it 15 convonłont for us to do so, wo would
hardly bo justifiod in domnnding tho punishmont of our opponornts
for violations of tho sramy intornationnl law.
It is imporntivo
thnt, nftor tho war, any łroatmont which 12 motod aut to Gormany
should not only bo just, but should niso apponr to. io jest- and
should conform to law.
By disrogardin• tho oxisting convontions,
Th
wo would bo pł nying into tho hands of łhoso who aro nlrondy today
proparing tho Gormans for łho idoa that afłor th" wnr it will Rgnin
bo "guns rnthor thnn buttorn ("Tho Timos n , May lOth, 1943, p. 3).
e
For łhoso ronsons this fIrst soluł ion sooms inoppor ł uno and
should not bo rocommondod.
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2.
An agroomont with tho Gormans.
Iłwould also bo possiblo, whon tho Gormans surrondor, to
domand thnt thoy should sign nn agroomont whoroby tho confor upon
tho Unitod Nations unlimitod rights in rospoct of occupiod Gormany,
irrospoctivo of any customary ar słatutory lnws of wnr. Such - an
agroomont would Nffor- good logal ground for oxcooding tho powors
quostion.
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3.
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dofinod by Hnguo Convonłion IV; it would, as an indisputb1y łogn1
busi, givo uha Mios tho right to docidodtho fato of tho Axts
countrios. But ciuch Rnngroomont, to bo vnlid, could only bo
signod by tho Nazi Govornmont which łho G,3rmnna hnvo choson to
givo thomsolvos, and tho Unitod Nałions havo doclarod that thny
aro unwilling to ontor into any agroomonł with tho Nazi Govornmont,
thoroforo it sooms that this socond solution is also out of tho
Tho tormination af tho stato of war at tho timo of
tho surrondor.
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1.f nn and is put to tho stater of war at tho timo of tho
surrondor, thon a now situation will nriso ta which tho Hnguo
rulos (which ara for uso in war-ł imo only) will not apply, nnd
in tbatcaso tho victors will bo ontitlod to do what thoy plonso
with Gormnny, jurt ras Italy did with Abyssinin. But this matros
it nocossnry fOr tbo Unitod Nations to put n-formnI and to thn
wnr at tho timo of-surrondor, Pnd obviousły oxcludos any quostion
of signing n nponcon traty a fow yoara lator.
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Si
It is nocossnry ta point out horo thnt unconditional surrondor doos not outoma łicnlly ond wnr
it mny and hOsti1itios, but
it doos not nocossnrily and tho stato of war br,twe,-.4n twa countrio4
ki
Lolgium surrondorod unconditionally on May 28th, but is sti11 at
war; whon łho lnst Norwoginn troops woro ovorwholmod, and- surrondorod to tho onomy, this did not ond tho war, and tho samo. applio
to tho othor Alliod counł rios now occupod by Gormnny.
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by custom, s sta ł o of war 13 tochnion1ly ondod by oiłhor
(a) n Paacs Troały, :Dr (b) subjugntion; but. this doos not mann
that nnothor way of'onding war cannot bo onvangod.
(a)
In modern timos, wara botwoon groat countrios nro
normally ondod by a Pac Traty. It sooms, howovor, thnt in tho
prosont war, no fruitful Pac Traty could bo signod nt tho
momont af thotormination of hostilitios. Tt sooms, on tho contrnry, that a proiongod transitionnl poriod will bo noco5sary botwoon
tho surrondor of tho Gorman army and tho finnl ar pormanont artangomont by which Gormany will rtgain bo nllowod to tako hor place
in tho community of nntions.
(b)
Subjuga ł ion onds wnr ; whon tho conquost of Abysstnin
by Mussolini was achiovod, thoro was no nocossity for a Traty
Abyssinin V1/9.b simply nnnoxod and consod to oxist as a Statc.
Tho fact that sho ham boon rovivod inc doos not altnr thn
,is s ti 11 part of
position. Albania is anothor oxamplo, and dh,'
Chnrtgr Chat
Italy. A6 it has baon proelnimgd in tho
wo hnvo no intontion of - and thgro nro no aigns that wo intond
ornsing Gormany from tho map of łhg world or of annoxlng
to
hor or any o łhor tgrri łory, it dan s not snom that nn ond will bg
put to this wnr by subjugetion or annoyation of tho
counł rlos.
Th
(o) Thorg is, howovor, nnothor solution s nothing should
boing ondod by n unilotornl "Doelarat łon
provgr ł a stał o of
of Poacp". If n thoclaration of War" cnn crgntg
atRto of war,
thoro is no ronson why, whon ono of tho oppononts hns boon compollod to surrgndor, i.oaco connot bo d-o1nrod by a similnr "Doclaration".
,
e
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Tho surcostion is that Ponce, should bo doelnrod by thg
Unitgd Nations ilmodintoly sftor tho surrondor ,nci Gormnny
doc1Prod to bo undor thp tompornry protoction of
ar undor tho
tho Unitod Nations. .,;; transitional poriod should
mandato of
bo formnlly oponod and it should bo doclarod thnt during that
poriod tho Unitod Nations will hnvo unitmitod rich ła. DurinE thnł
period r profound roorganizaUon of Goninny will hnvo to 'tako
pinco and thoroforo it 1s nocossary to s ł ato tho fact that whilo
it lot tho Unitod Nat oras will onjoy uniimitoc't outhority ovor
Gnrmrny. Tho fact that Ponco is doclarod swill not provonł thg
oxistoncg of an army of oceupn ł ion nor ovon of n mili ł ory adminlstration in tho wholo ar part of ł ho country, nor tho doclarntion
of n stato of siogo in dofintło
whoro thorg might bo
outbroaks of rovolt or unrost. But tho roorganisation of Gornny
durtng tho transitionol por' od should bo carriod ouł- undor tho
sign of Poaco, and not in whnt łs tochnically n stnto of war. Tho
c'llof nim of tho rnios should bo to proł oct tho Gnrmqns cwrindt
thoir war!pongor-londora and pivo łhom sufflciont l łborty and timg
to d-cido and choos- thoir farm of lnr.dnrdhip
'0vornmant, but
such o purposo eon b- fully nchiovod only undor tho sign of Ponco
and not during o portod which is tochnically r stnto of wnr.
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AQ ł hnvo pointod aut, this porlod boi• ł ransitionnl,
nothing will, nt its
provont a gonorn1 crwroomorł
botwoon łho Unitod Nations and a ronovntod Gormany (and whgn
sny Gormany I moan nil tho
countrios) concorninE tho bas
af n pormanont undoratanding. Fiut whrons such ogronm-nt should
orgnnizo tho Ponco,
should hnvo boon docirrod laur ago,
and łhoroforo it should not o doscribod ps a "i.oaco Tronty'.
rs
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Si
Tho suggostion can bo au.wod up na follow
.
ki
Thnt immod ł atoly aftor tho Uncanditional urrondar of nny
btato or pooplo tho Unitod Nations will issuo a fornal
"Doelrration of
whIch will put nn ond, ł n law and
in faet, to tho stnto of war ox łatirw botwo-n thom and that
L,ta ło or pooplo;
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2.
Thnt cuch Docln.ration shall bo tho startinr: point af a
poacoful transitionP1 porl.od, tho govornin conditions
of which ahrll bo stntpd unilotornlly, by th- Unitod
Nations;
3.
Thnł, dur ng such trnnaiłional poriod, tho łorrłtory of
oach :Ixis country shall bo ontiroly occupiod and administorod undor tho suporvision of tho Unitod Nations by an
Intor-Alliod body ar council.
Thnt unlimitod rights shall bo conforrod on
d0Mr, xntryr
Council in tho sphoro of łogislationna
tri thn "Ixocułivo and tho Judei-al fiold.
Thn ł tho łn;_dc of tho Unitod Nations during that pnrł.od
- 6 -
Th
Thnt, at th^ ,,xpiration of łbn ł1)1od.n gonrn1 agroome,nt
on the,orgnnization of Poaco nnd Worid Ord4,r shall
re+nchod, by mutual ngr~non t botwo,, n n ł1 nations.
e
G.
ahnll b on one,hnnd th- lmmodiał- rollof of the,occupiod
countri4)a, disarmamont of tho Axid Powora, and punishmemt
of tho war criminnls, and on tho othnr hnnd, tho propnration of łhe,inte4rnational mnchine,ry which will control thn
world and to which Gormany will b4 invitod to co-oparto
aftor sho hnd roaumod the,full control of har own
govornmont; and thałthid tank will bn conduct-d on
Commisaion for tho stugone,rai
.proposod by tho
dyr of th^ orgnnizntion of Poaco, in ita socond r,, port on
Transiłional Forod.
lr"$
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LONDON INTERNATIONALASSEMBLY
THE DISARMAMENTOP' GERMANY AND W ALUES
Report from Commission I adopted by the Assembly
• at its meeting on January 21st, 1944.
Th
The Assembly having regard to the repeated aggressions committed
by the German people d.112i14-j the last 80 ycars, aald to their undisguised reiiance upon 'orce to accomplish their unjust designs;
e
Having regard also td the faiiura of the measures ataken by the
A1lied and Associated Powors after the last war to prevent tho resurgence of German armed power, and. a xenewed sorioa of aggreasions more
savage and brutal than the last;
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Being convincod that the re is no policy which can provont a fresk
ropetition of those outragos but one of eompiete disarmament, enforced
and maintainod, both oa.. Germany and hor. ałiies;
(i)
RiJC01\MENDS: "
(ii)
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That the forces of the United Nations ahali undur the torms
of the Armistioc occupy all tho territories of Germany and
her allies.
That thc forcos of Germany and her ailios shall lay down
thth arms and equipment and surrender themselvos as prisoners
of war, whorevor thoy may be locatod at the dato of the
Armistice, whother in their own country or abroad.
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an
That all mombers of tho forees of the Axis Powers who aro
inciuded in the list of war criminals shall be dutained with
a view to trial.
d
(iv) That members of the Gestapo, thc S.S., or S.A. Units, and
kindred organisations set up by Germany. or hor anies, shall
be dutained until it is elear
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(a) that tharo are no war crimes laid to their charge, and
(b) that their release aad return to their own country will
not ondaner thc estabiishmert and maintenanco of a
poaco-loving Government in their own country.
ki
(v) That special consideration shall be given to the detontion,
for tho samo reasone as set out ła (iy) above, of officers
of the armies of Germany or of her alliea, and of other
elements judged to be dangerous to the political settlement
of the countries to which thoy belon,;.
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(vi) That all military organisations and ostabiishmonts of Germany
and her allies, of whatevor description, shall be disbanded.
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(vii) That the police forees of Germany and of her aulos ahall be
disarmed and disbanded, subject to the appointment of a forte
adequate for the loca.l maintenance of ordor from among
individuals whoso character and outlook ara judgad by the
appropriate authority of the United Nations to maki them
trustworthy for the puxpose.
(viii) That all para-military or civilian organisations of a nazi
or fascist character shall ba diaarmed and disbandod.
(ix) That all arms, equipment, stores, ships, aeroplanes, motor
cars, etc., capablo of being used for military purposes, shall
be surro~and dealt with at the discretion of the United
Nations.
P.T.O.
- 2 -
(x) That Germany and her eines shall bu prohibited '120M raising
by conscription or otherwise, or maintałning any mnitary or
para-military organisations and from ailowing such organisations to bo formod or maintained.
(xi) That ail aorodromos, Tortifications, beses and ail othor
military ar scmi-military installations in tho torritory of
Germany and hor allies shall be ourrondered to the Unita
Nations.
Th
(xii) That the manufacture of war materials by Germany and her
allios shall bo prohibited on the foliowing gonural principles;
e
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Po
a. Tho manufacture of war matorialsshall caaso forthwith;
b. No now factorios shall bo set up (ariel no existing
factories adapted) for the manufacture of war materials;
c. Factorios capablo of being used for the manufacture of war
materiale shall bo subject to rigorous inspection and
supervision;
d. A thorough and efficiont service of inspection and supervision shall be established, responsibie to the United
Nations and fuily supported by them, to ensure that
those principies are applied., and that ali unauthorised
departures from them are brought to light and coerected.
The same system of inspection. and supervision shail be
appiied to an buildings capable of being used for the
storage of war materials, and to all areas strategieany suiebable for the construction of military worka
of any kind.
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(xiii) That, pendine; tho suppression of the privato trade in arras,
the import: of war materiełinto the territory of Germany and
her alliee shall be, prohibited except by iiconce from tho
Unł tud Nations and that Lech one af those Nations shall undertake to provent, namuiy by means of criminai iegisiation, the
unauthorised manufacture for - ar sale to - Germany and her
aulos of war materiał.
d
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(xiv) That an international body ropresontative of the Uniłed Nations
shall be establishod to direct tho application af the
principios enumerated in sectien xij, and to supervise the
survice of inspoction; that a report on the state of disarmament shail be published eix-monthiy to inciude the fuli text
of such recommundations and that the public shall have accoss
to tho documents opon which the report is based; and that if
nocessary they shall be without ".eoiae enforced by the occupying forces of any security groue oreated in the world
organisatłon.
M
(xv) That the inspection and seeervision service, its conetłtution,
powers and procedura should be macie the special. object af a
further report to the Assembly with u view to the formulation
of guiding principies caicułated to ensure its enduring
offectiveness, for the disarmament of Germany c(nd her allies,
and for the prevention of their futuro re-armament.
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(xvi) That all the ciauses of the disarmament shall be protected
and guaranteed not only by international sunctions but also
by the domeatic law of the country concerned.
(xvii) That the question of the legał, economic end financial action
required to prevent the futuro rearmament of Germany and her
ailies should also be male the special object of further
examination by e, Commission of the London International
Assembly
X X X. X X X X X
X
Th
e
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Po
Finally it was agreod by the Assembly that this report should
also be applicable to Italy in so far as it affeets matters or
concerns points that have not already been decided by the Italian
Armistice.
Simiiarly it wouid also apply to any of Germany's
allies who came out of the war at an oarlier dato and who might be
placed in the same raso as Italy.
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PdA,
opyright: The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum (Londo
ZPR
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Th
ostanu cesko-slovensqch vecf za hranicemi.
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Po prvnl svetove walce vznikly u nas zna n spory o to,jaky podl v ob-
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novenf n4K‹ st4tn< samostatnosł1 meto knut( domy 1atak zvan;y! odboj zahrani.
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r1jen a oto,byio-liwobec troba boj u na;ich lewt<o aby se dostavily uspechy
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bodł tełe naroda,ztroskotaio seza varky nynejs1 tak nepochybne o zo netoilo
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v innostis n§b4'',e
nemi".4e 4ti rekio r
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a otazk ozdali nebyło na s i n!(- rodn1 a stntni veci jenom na ujmu.
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bez vistniho statu mezin4rodng uznaneho.
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Do minuie valky
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alespon co nejstruenejis oev za hranicemi!cion ceho se dosahio.
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Cechowe mohli jsme se po sti4nce prienf dovolVati. jedin‘ historickeho
( i
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statnihoprava,skutećnym stanem vXcfs. jeho mozinF‘rodnfm uzndnfM ve*k pop-
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MINISTERSTWO
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Londyn, dnia 8.wrzenia 1944 r.
SPRAIA;( ZAGRANICZNYCH
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Sca.śle tajne.
Przedkładam Panu Premierowi w zał czeniu kopjęISemorja/u przes/anego przezemnie w dniu 5.wrze6rnia r.b. Ambasadorowi Winant'bwi, Przewodnicz temu :!,'uropejskiej Kouisji Doradczej.
Memorja/ zawiera szereg wstępnych uwag
Rzędu polskiego co do warunków, jakie maje, być nałożone na Niemcy po ich
poddaniu się.
Pozwalam sobie zaznaczyć, że wymiana
korespondencji z Anbasadorem Winantl.emw tej sprawie winna pozostaćjaknajściślej tajna.
MINISTER.
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Do
Pana Stanis/awa Mikołajczyka
Prezesa Rady :inistrów.
w Londynie.
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SECRET.
31
COPY.
.
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The Polish Government are limiting their observations to the
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most fundamental questions only, keeping them in a condensed form, so as to be able
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to reply in time for these observations to be considered by the European Advisory
At the same Limie
Commission, before the Commission reach their own conciusions.
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the Polish Government trust that, when the time comes, they will have an opportunity
to discuss with the European Advisory Commission or with the three Governments
represented on it, the terms of Germany `s surrender proposed by this Cemmiesien.
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They will then present their observations in greater detail together with their full
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justification.
It would be superfluaus to draw theattention of the European
Advisory Cammission to the obvious fart that Poland, as the first country attacked
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by Germany, which for centuries threatened not only her security but her nery
existence, is particularly interested in the terms of surrender, which wi.11 be
In the opinion of the Polish Government, these terms may
an
imposed on Germany.
influenne the fate of European countries to an even greater degree than the futura
d
peace treaty, because they will constitute the original basis of the relations
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between defeated Germany and the rent of the world.
Moreoyer, the Polish Govern-
r
ko
ment assume that incontra-distinction to a purely miiitary armistice, of the kind
knawn in the past, the terms of surrender at present undor consideration will can-
peace treaty.
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tain political, territorial and economic ciauses which will become the basis of the
Such a solution seemsto be in the interest of the United Nations,
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as it will be easier for Germany to accept even harsh political terms immediately
after defeat than aftera prolonged interwal, which must necessarily elapse before
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the conciusion of the treaty of peace, whiIe the United Nations, too, will find it
more advantageous to impose these oonditions at a time, when public opinion in Allied
countries will have stin fresh in their memory the deadly struggle against the
German aggressor.
CPM -z
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On this assumption the Polish Government consider it to be of fundementai
2.
importance that already in the ternn of capitulation Germany should renounce all
e
rights to territories which are to be detached from her and which were within the
l
Po
frontiers of the Reich before the Nazi annexations, i.e. on January ist,1933.
The
Polish Government are vitally interested that Germany should renounce her ciaims to
ish
the Free City of Danzig end her sovereignty over the territories of East Prussia,
Oppeln Ppoie/ Silesia with adequate extensions, and such territories between the
In
River Oder and the Polish-German frontier of September ist, 1939, which are to be
itu
st
acquired by Poland in connection with the general settiement of the frontiers of
.Coland for the purpose of a
These territories should be reunited with -
Poland.
strategie shortening of her frontier with Germany, of cancelling the results of
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German aggressions against Poland in past centuries, of moving the German frontier
away from the ports of Gdynia and Danzig and from the industrial arca. of South Jestern
an
Poland, of widening Poland's access to the Baltic and of reducing Germmy's economic
d
war potentiai.
Si
The Polish Government consider the occupation of the entire territory left
3.
The terma of capitulation should leave entirely to the
r
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to Germany as indispensabie.
United Nations the right of deciding when and how the occupation should be terminated
sk
without, however, any obligations towards the enemy in this respect.
Poland being
vitally interested in the enforcement on Germanyof the whoie of the armistice terms,
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the Polish Government attach the greatest imoortance to the participation of "1'01.ish
troops in the occuoation of Germany 's easterii provinces adjacent to the future "licaish
4.
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territory.
The Polish Government take for granted that surrender will impose on Germany
complete disannament.
This, in the wiew of the Polish Government, necessarily
impiies not only the abolition of ale armed forces and para-miiitary organisations,
Th
surrender of all war material, immediate destruction of all kinds of fortifications,
e
but also the abolition of the General Staff, military schools, military-scientific
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Po
institutions, and such generał scientific institutions as wargi particularły cimnected
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute/, as well as the delivery of all military
with armaments
it implies also a reorganisation of the German polica in
archives and laboratories,
ish
such a way as to prevent any possibility of its becomint7 a nucleus of a new Berman
army; tbis policy: to be deprived of all heayy or autamatic arras, and its training and
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connand to be decentralised.
itu
st
Complete dis=nament implies mooreover, the transfer to the allied countries
or the destruction of all the installations of German war industry and the prohibition
of the production of any war materiałin the future,
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The Pclish Goverwent hope that in the allocation of German war material,
an
military, nawal andaerial, Poland. 's needs, along with those of all the allied countries, which during thepresent war have beendisarmed by Germany, will be fully taken
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anto consideration,
Si
Yet the -Polish Government believe that the abolition of Germany 's war
5.
r
ko
industry and its prohibition in the future does not constitute a sufficient guarantee
of the prevention of Germany 'S reannanamb.
If Germany, even having been disarmed
sk
militarny should be able to retain•her industrial rotential unimpaired, the neighbours
for the future.
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of Germany will be forced to consider that the German threat has not been dirninished
The present war demonstrated that a country in eossession of beat
opponent.
duction,
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industries is capable of rearming within a few years and of becoming a dangerous
branohes of these industries can be easily switched over to war proThe "_Lolish Government have in mind such industries as coal mining,
urgy,metalindustries, especialły the production of machin tools and motor en3Lnes,
chemicals, especially synthetic rroducts, plastics and radio industries.
[ith the
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development of technology, coal has becnme one of the basic raw materiale and it may
e
be that synthetic production will be based on coal and thereby make Germany almost
completely iA_-pendent of the import of many vital raw materials.
The diminution
l
Po
therefore, of German coal resources, would be one of the most effective blows struck
Poland is primarily interested in coal deposits
at her economic war potential.
ish
situated in Oppein Silesia.
The coal problem would be partly solved by the in-
cOrporation of Oppeln Silesia, with its rich coal deposits, into Poland.
In
34
For reasons stated above the Polish Government take the attitude that the
itu
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German industrial war potential should be immediately and considerably weakened and
that in alt cases, whenever technically possible, factory plant should be removed to
1n all cases where
countries devastated by Germany, by way of reparation in kindo
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the abolition or limitation of the production is not feasible by transfer of the
an
installations to the devastated countries, their destruction must be carried out.
The Polish Government do not tynk that the same results could beobtained solely by
d
the limitation and control of German production by the Allies, because both the limi-
Si
tation and control will sooner or later come to an end,leavinL;Germany with unOn the other hand however, changes effected. imme-
r
ko
restricted productive capacity.
diately after capitulation can beeasily carried out, leaving permanent resulte.
Government believe that the complete abolition of the
sk
Yoreover, the
machina tool, aeronlane, aero-enzine and nawal engine industries of Germany is impe-
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rativie, together with the complete abolition of synthetic industries, especially of
petrol and rubber, of war industries in a stricter sense,' and the limitation to real
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peace regnirements of Germany, under Aliied control, of such other branches of industry
which are necessary in the conduct of a modern war.
The Polish Government realise that German industry may contribute to the
economic reconstruction of Europe; this, however, would amount to a threat that the
- 5 -PR
M
Th
Continent will after a tirne be again destroyed by the same German industry.
It
e
would appear more expedient to facilitate the economic rehabiiitation of the devastat-
l
Po
ed countries by means of putting into production in the devastated countries thensei-
ves the piants transferred from Germany.
In this connection it maybe mentioned
that in mary of these factories are employed znillions of workers deported by force fro]
ish
theensiaved countries.
roreover,the Polish Government are convinced that the re-
covery of Europe rany be materially aided by the assistance of the industries of other
In
countries, particuiariy ofthe three i-bwers represented on the European Advisory
2, 5
itu
st
Commission.
The Polish Government consider itindispensable that Germany 's financial
dealings with foreign countries shouid be subject tbAnied control.
The same shod0
te
arply to the finances and budgets of Germany on an levels of public life
,
beginning
an
with the local districts, up to and including, the budget and finances of the German
Reich; control to be egually exercised over internat German investments, both public
d
and private, in order to prevent any reconstruction of the war potentiai.
Ali
Si
foreigu loans to Germany orlimiato German companies shouid be subjected to Anied
r
ko
consent and res Lrycted to excertionai cases, so as to avoid a repetition of the events
which occurred after the last war,when Germany was enabied to prepare for war largpły
sk
owing to credits received from foreign countries.
Foreign trade between Germany and the United. Nations should for a time be
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regulated by conditions unilaterany established by the United Nations.
If, as a resuit, the standard of living in Germany were to decline, it
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should be borne in mind that the nations which were the victims of Germany 's aggres-
sion will for a considerable time suffer from an even lower standard, consequent upon
the devastations caused by Germany.
It is right that the nation guilty of aggres-
sion should feel its post-war consequences not less acuteiy than its innocent victins.
6
-
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Besides, this does not imply at ail that Germany will be permanently dezraded to a
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iower standard of iiving; it must not be forgotten that the abolition of armaments in
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itself makes possibie an imorovement of the standard of livins, by lifting fromGerman
economic life the burden of uneconomic production°
ish
6.
41,
r:& ,Polish Government are of the opinion that the terms of Germar.y's
surrender should stipulate not only for the restitution of a11 goods of an economic or
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cultural value which have Been removed from the invaded countries, and which can be
itu
st
identified in Germany in geod condition, hut in order to assure as rapidly as
Possibłe an economic and cultural rehabilitation of the invaded countries - also for
the compensation in kind for the devastation caused. by the invader.
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This compensation should be made partly from existing German national wealth
partly from current production, without however,increasingproduction in such bran-
an
ches of industry as are particularly dangerous from the point of view of the economic
The Polish Government beiieve that priority to receive cthmpensation
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war rotential.
Si
shoułd beaccorded to those Aliied countries whose territories were whoily or partly
occupied by Germany and were affected by military operations.
The compensation
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should also include goods of a cultural value so as to replace destroyed or bat
ects of nrtand objects of a scientific, historical, educational, etc°value.
sk
7*
Apart from restitution and compensation necessary for the rapid economic and
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cultural rehabilitation of the countries invaded by Germany, the Polish Government
consider it indisoensable to impose on Cermany in the armistice the generałcommitment
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to make reparation to the United Mations for an damage and loss caused by the war to
an extent and in a form to be decided upon inter by the United. Nations.
German property and assets in the territories of the United Nations should
be confiscated and its value substracted from the reraration total due to the country
concerned.
-7
‘.z.,
-
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The articies of capitulation should stipulate for Allied control and admi-
8.
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nistration of the Kie]. Canal in order to safeguard permanent communications between
l
Po
the Eastern and Western Allies and to prevent renewed German aggression.
The Po-
iish Governnent are of the opinion that Poland, as Germany °s neighbour, with a Baltic
The Polish Govern-
ish
ooast, should be assured of participation in suci arrangements,
ment intend to submit at a later date more detailed observetions on questions re-
7
lating to the 'Jestem Bei-tle,
In
The Polish Government attach considerable importance to the obligation
itu
st
9.
which Germany will assume by the terms of capitulation of receiving on her territory
all persons of German extraction who will be expatriated from their territories in-
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cluding the territories which Germany will bose as a resuit of this war - by the
The decision
United Nations or who will voiuntarily leave these territories.
an
whether expatriated persona are of German extraction should rest exclusively with the
d
Allied country concerned.
Si
The persona expatriated from the territories of the United Nations should
have no claim to compensation from the Allied country concerned; Germany should be
r
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obliged to compensate these persona for materiałiosses sustained by them.
The
value of their property remaining in the Alliedcountry should after the assessment
sk
by the interested country be substracted from the total of the reparations due to
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that country from Germany.
The Polish Government have no doubt that the terma of capitulation will
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impose on Germany the duty of p.ving all aid in the repatriation of the citizens of
the United Nations from the territories of the Reich.
11.
The capitulation should inciude the consent of Germany to the extradition
-8-
Th
to the United Nations of all persons namea in the recisters of war criminals.
The
e
Unitea Nations most be giyen the right to present lists of war criminais for a period
l
Po
of at least eighteen months after capitulation, so as to enable them to carry out the
prealiminary investigations.
ish
120
38
The Polisy Government expeot that they-will be fully representea in the
AZlied organa chargea with the execution of the capitulation and also that they will
In
be invitea to sicn the articles of capitulation together with all the interesbea
Allied Covernments.
itu
st
te
London, 5th.September 1944.
d
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Moecow, ikth October 1U4.41.
A ► )aesador,
et,
-
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learned with ANc shock of surpriee frn,e 1.er, 1.,olotov's
statement at the meeting on :.)ctober l3th that at the Teheran
:Conference the representatives of ail the three zseat eerwers had
definitely 4dreed that the so-cailed Curzon Line should be the
frontier between Poland and the Soviet Union.
te
In this connexion I shouid like to recall that duriar the
conversatione which had the honour to have with the President in
Washington, in June 1.441 łwas toid that on:1y learehal Stalin. and
Prime t.winister Churchi1l had agreed on the Curzon Line. Inparticu
the President indicated that the policy of the U. E. ,:.;overnment wae
eentrary to the settlement of territorial problems before the end
of the war. The President sald that at the Teheran Conference he
had mace it elear that he hełd the wiew that the i. olieh-2oviet conflict shouldd not be settied on the basis of the so-caelled Curzon
Line and. he assured me that at the appropriate time he would heip
l'oland to rety in Lwów, Drohobycz and. Tarnepol and to obtain Sast
Prussia, includłnj :.oenigeberg, and
the other hand,
the Preeident expreesed the view tLał Larshal tnlin would not
give his coneent to the return of ",;i1no to eoland.
d
an
Si
r
ko
would be most gratefUl to youlars. „mbaesador, if you
could help to elear this misunderEtanding on a subject of such
vitai importance to Poland.
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Aceet, aar. unbnssadorithe expreeelon of my high
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His '.L:;xcellency
The Bone Averen Harriman,
United ',3tates AmbasEedor to the Soviet Union.
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consideration and esteem.
óscow, 16th October; 1)44.
kir. Ambassador,
I łearned with a shook of surprlse from itr. 14olotov's statement at
Th
the meeting on Octóber 13th that at the Teheran Conference the represen
e
tatives of all the three Great Powers bad definiteły agreed that the socailed Curzon Line zhould be the frontier betweenPołand and the Sowiet
h
lis
Po
imion.
In this oonnexton I should like to recall that during the conversations
whioh I bad the honour to have with the President in Jashington, in June
1)44, I was told that onły Mershal Stalin and Prime Minister Churchill had
In
agreed on the Curzon Line. In particular, the President indloated that the
itu
st
poliqy of the U.S. Government was oontrary to the settlement of territorial
próbleme before the end of the war. The President said that at the Teheran
Conference he bad made it clear that he held the wiew that the PołishrSoviet
te
ooflict shoułd not be aettled on the basie of the so-oalied Curzon Line and
an
he assured me that at the appropriate time he would heip Poland to retain
Lwów, Drohobycz and Ternopol and to obtain '
.(2ast Prussia,
Koenigs-
d
berg, and Silesia. On the other band, the President expressed the wiew that
Si
Ahrshal Stalin would not 'Ivo his oonsent to the return of Wilno to Poland.
rs
ko
I would be most grateful to you, Ambassador; if you oould help
to clear this misunderstanAing on a sUbjeot of suoh vitałimportanoe to
Poland.
oonsideration
esteem.
ki
Accept, adr. Ambassador, the expres sion of my high
M
His Excefleney
The Hon. AverelłHarriman,
United States Ambassador to the Sowiet
Moscow.
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kł re usilnie postaxamy siQ zażegna. Sprawy za zamkniętąnie uwatamu i uchwa ły ti:Izewnektrz chwilowo nie ujawniamy, liczy na zapowied-
m
eu
us
ziJnr, aapowiea ź i podtruni.nie _,merykaiiskiego Rzngau.
Oto tekst uchwały:
"Pierwszym wstcpnymwarunkienp postawionym
na kowArencji w .Los'fmie Rządowi Polskiemnp warunkiem oc. ktc>rego
Th
elqb0
e
uzależnia sig ,porozumidnie polsko -sowieckie, jest tqpinic uziania
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natychmiustoweco t.z. Linii Curzonu, j_ko poustawy polsko-souieckicj
l
Po
Granicy.
Zwutywszy, *e
poz ł względ'Ird natury formalno-praw-
ish
nej i. zasacniczej - miIby Rztpi Polski, bez pruw- , ocozekani kofIca
wojny i koni'erencji pokojoej, niez łocznie i definitywnie przyjczó
':.runicę Polski w WSchozie,
In
te esta. uccznc natomiast ustalenie i zatwierazenie
itu
st
no:/eit :,sanic Polski na Zachcm2ie i Północy miałóby copiero naetqm
pićw Jkla‹,k- zi2 pokojowym
Peace Settiementi,
i integriano tery-
te
te suwerennol5C, nicpodle ło
torialn Polski w nowych granicach nie moż e -.oy
rzeczy,
'd
pełni i trwale zaGwarantov,una w obecnym stanie
d
an
twa Zjeunoczone
przez Qiówne Mocars-
że Rząc Stanów Zjednoczonych nie mial. dotychczas
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motno6ci c•.i jąćstanowisku w tych oprum:ch,
Azqu PoiskJ., aczkolwiek uocenia
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potrzeb ę polsko-sowieck.ieGo porozumienia, prunicGo Gorqco i nie
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w Mosimie i zwraea sięo rozpTbrzenie ponone u n.jblitszej
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przezwanie.
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w opon ób zaaawaiajoicy• 2rzewiatt3v ultx"'toe
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19
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49
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OTRZYMANO DN.
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1Ze:tero teIccran ul:roy 14r. 57.
rozmowy naszej z l';s.enem 6 listopc,da wynik,
br:t:ijski
an
te
chce trza k aYlEict juto oJtatecznq noijutywnej
z ;.; iintopada
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liszej decyzji zaWartej w uchwale lady
i rozumiejąc, Ze jeanym z jej głównych powodó'w jout stanewiko Aie-
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woli pocze;:a
wyjnione rzquu
jeco odpowiee
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w przewicywaniu, Ze ,w,sttuDi bVdzie r1OI iU niezwłoellie po ujwnieniu wyniku wyborów. RzgA bry ty js ki. r6wnocze'lnie wydaje Gi ci gotów
sk
• nLlm imrdzłej zadawałajqc interpretacje,swycL deinitywnych
ko-polskiej. Postura :ais tymczasem
rzutd sowieeJ:i co eiernroko-:;a1":.
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liwogol w oczekiw„Iniu na cuiszq mot:Liwo
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l'roszv Paw..1 .:,nbasudora w tyr statiie rzeczy
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Wyczerpanie szans wszelkich ocetieni przyn-jmniej
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In
nie eyskretnq konsulłacjc rzujuu ...,,rieryka.4'..skieco w sprawach zvlst cpu-
50
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st
jgoych.:
1./ "Tu k
rzetd
noziuki.xoici ust osunkowuje
nego w h'ioekwie ustalenia
0.0 zaprojektow.'::-
obecnie u,ru.nic panocriej i zachodniej
te
przyznujqeych jej
i),c•uoy J-,'ellocnie, bez Kroiewort
bl.zoc
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i rejonu wsehounieco, Slqsk '.)poikł i pd»,),Zej nieco c:,.4.7 prawy
0(117 uo ajei,-1 1 baon.
expo .r.:,czecin i, z tym. Ze cuia nienieaka.
wisit.V! uraz .tai w tukii i r o zwi
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j,cie w .,,c1W.cwie zaprojektowano, lub GOI, do£ olc pouni,2 px,m
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tyki najlepszej w rozegraniu craaaoji powyszoj.
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nowych grunioacho s-J.,::warantowanej prdei
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G. M. S.
ODCHODZA,CY
NR.
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Bardzo piinz_
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te
iZeoiekojc,;'rezyuonta nakazuje nam rozvl.-
n4 wzmotonk ozt4;r,of5(.. w Iszyngtonie
oeeinku spraw polsko-sc-
an
kidh. Przewicuj bowiem /r aj teiegran 579, ust.I/, te rzqc
ki
bkgtzio zabiegałusilnie o spowouowie ehoby bardziej Thrmilnej
d
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ni nerył or:Yoznej 7r..pocui nazi umeryka;.skiej cla nas, mote z kocem
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nOwanie aw;sbi oobiste przez Panu .,,nbasaaor,./ w Btalym Domu, by
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.11.7.18 Z OGO.
m
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ou tego mforrulowane w mai:. zeiecroxile 579 zapytania rus by c
Deprtaneneie Stnu tak,a.thy
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Gdyby Pan ,mbasador wyezuw.I
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kich projekt'ów Iinansowej pomocy bez peunoci korzy6ei wzajemnej
i przy opootkovanill niebywa/ym merkAn.. Projekt musi byki rze-
te
czowo opracow:lny natomiast
W
wz/puoku Polski ripot ripowno na
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an
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ł V/. Wedłu,r; Stet-
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Si
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eu
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vaeninwrac, w myAl tycze Pan Premiera i ta.. pytania odpoie. Trzeba
mu maca jecnaka oh;!nce uczynini toco, Obieci zobaczy sic
w t5roric z j?rezyclentem i zawiadomi.ó
w:,,tnikub
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e pyzuucja wzmounionn
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pozwoli nn ton bJ.rdziej encriony wobec <Jowictów, prosilem o wyntiqpie-
i iwovJa juz obecnie, 41J.ko poact;awy
wurunku konleozneo Pfinu
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Th
w ricach Pa . L Premiera dla
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kiemu. Vyja6niłem pozem korzyó ala <.tantSw ',:jouncezonzfoh
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12 Polsce szybszej cospow.wczeJ oubucowy, In(jru stanie ais bajt
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polskie co i prze!vslu wUkienniczeco.
i V.',.:Ww(5ciłem uwagc n presj 3 sowieckg Pana Premiera.,
aqtqc4 acz wymuszen:— ztwienia w myL11 apiracyj swoich copóki im
In
sprzyja koniunktura, St.jeanoczone pozostająprzyjazne i pasywne.
itu
st
nacisrz spowoGowny josłobwq Churchl2ła, te po okupcji
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sytuacja w po ło-
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59
te
co jszcze sic stanie truuniejszu.
Ci‘ ZC:0StrZY, a
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pocjccie interwencji J rcycentowl tonie eneruieznłejszym.
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DI Pana
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JUTZ ROUS2
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P•iLe Id,nister,
ish
dear
iloVeMber 17, 1944.
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In
hav._ td oonstantly 1n runu the problemu you are
aeint: in your endeavors to brine about un equitable and permanent
nolution o the Polish-3oviet cifficuities und purticulurly the
viestions whieh you raised in your mensace of Ootober 2b. I have
asked -mbessador flurri-an, Who r.ill. brie,you thiu łetterf, co dineuss with you th question of łmow.
te
nihil i woula have p•eferred. to poetpone the entire
iuestion oj: thie C),overnment's attitude until the General postwar
settlement in 2urope. I fu11y realize your urent desire to receive orne indication of the position of the United States Government
with ehe least possible delay. Therefore,
arf givinG belowi in
brogu outline the General position of łhis Government in he hope
thałit may be of sone assistance to you in your di±fieult -bank.
an
d
1.Ihe United 3t•bers r,overnnent stnds unequivocsUy for
stront:;,
free una inxlependent r'o łish stf..tto with the untramselee riehłod the
Poiish peopl ► to orc.or their internal existence
they see fit.
Si
2. In re gar to the - uture frontiers of Polund, if mutual u.rreenent
o thiu subject iwiucinc the proposed eompennation for roiane from
Gernary is reachea between the 1?ołish, 2oviet and
Governments, łhis Governmeit wouid offer no o;:?jeetion. 1- n so far as the
United Statps guntee of any speciiie frontiern is concerneC I am
stand wou wiii understanu that this Government, in accordunce uith
its traditionul policy, oannot eive u Guarantee for any specifie
frontiera. i,e you know, the Uniteu States Governmenłin working for
wo•lo security oruinization łhrouch which the
thee,3tabłishment
United Stater together with the cher riember states will assume
responsibilit* of •icreed. fruniers.
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the Polish Government and pewnie uesire in connection with
3.
the ner frontiers of the Polish state to bring about the trnsfer
to and from th terriłory of Palance of nationul minorities, the
United States GOvernmem will raise no objeczłon and as far ;Js•
prae%icable will taciiitate cuch trx..msfer.
4.The United Stater Government is prep.irod, subject to locisiative
authority, ta assisłin no far as pructicable in the nontwar eoanama.c reeonstruction o the PoIish state.
Fis J:;;eeilency Stanisłum Mikolajczyk
Very sinuerely yours
Prime .ijInintur of Poland.
/ / Franklin D.Roosevelt
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The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum

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1977_H27

Seriale di dawn of war 2