EGZAMIN MATURALNY Z J ZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO POZIOM

Centralna Komisja Egzaminacyjna
Uk ad graficzny © CKE 2010
momentu rozpocz cia egzaminu.
Arkusz zawiera informacje prawnie chronione do
WPISUJE ZDAJ CY
PESEL
KOD
Miejsce
na naklejk
z kodem
dysleksja
EGZAMIN MATURALNY
Z J ZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
WZÓR
POZIOM ROZSZERZONY
CZ
I
Instrukcja dla zdaj cego
ra 6 stron
1. Sprawd , czy arkusz egzaminacyjny zawie
zg o
brak
Ewentualny
1 – 3).
(zadania
in.
egzam
cego
ruj
nadzo
u
zespo
cemu
przewodnicz
z czarnym
2. Pisz czytelnie. U ywaj d ugopisu/pióra tylko
tuszem/atramentem.
nie przekre l.
3. Nie u ywaj korektora, a b dne zapisy wyra
ne.
ocenia
d
b
nie
opisie
4. Pami taj, e zapisy w brudn
L i przyklej
PESE
numer
swój
wpisz
iedzi
odpow
karcie
Na
5.
naklejk z kodem.
przeznaczonej
6. Nie wpisuj adnych znaków w cz ci
a.
inator
egzam
dla
Czas pracy:
120 minut
Liczba punktów
do uzyskania: 23
MJA-R1_1P-112
2. Poziom rozszerzony
Stosowanie struktur leksykalno-gramatycznych
Zadanie 1. (2,5 pkt)
Uzupełnij każde z niedokończonych zdań tak, aby zachować znaczenie zdania
wyjściowego oraz wykorzystać podane z lewej strony słowo w niezmienionej formie. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów.
Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
1.1. ‘I’m sorry I forgot to do this project’, said Amanda to her teacher.
FORGOTTEN Amanda apologised to
that project.
1.2. My parents don’t let me go to places like that.
ALLOWED I am
1.3. It’s not a good idea to play truant.
SHOES If
places like that.
play truant.
1.4. First Mike finished the report then he started preparing the survey questions.
prepare the survey questions.
WENT Having
1.5. I cannot tolerate that awful music. Turn it down!
PUT I cannot
music. Turn it down!
Zadanie 2. (2,5 pkt)
Uzupełnij poniższy tekst, wpisując w pozostawione luki jeden wyraz tak, aby
otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie poprawny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów i form. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź
otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
When the conductor raises his hands, the orchestra will explode into an evening of samba,
jazz, rock and film music. Swaying in her seat will be Fiona Barber, mother of 13-year-old
Max, who plays the cello and drums. Performing publicly is an achievement for any teenager,
of her son. Like many
but Barber has particular reason to feel 2.1.)
of his friends in the orchestra, which is performing on Saturday at Leeds College of Music,
Max is deaf.
Paul Whittaker, founder of Music and the Deaf, a Huddersfield-based charity that created
the Deaf Youth Orchestra, says music is part of our shared humanity, but deaf children all
its pleasures because deafness is misuntoo often miss out 2.2.)
derstood. ‘Musicality is not at all related to hearing abilities,’ he says. ‘It’s part of our cultural development.’ His own career proves that hearing and musicality are, indeed, different.
In his teens, he applied to 12 universities to read music. Each 2.3.)
Poziom rozszerzony. Część I
| 195
him because he was deaf. Finally, a maverick admissions tutor awarded him a place at WaWhittaker played the organ, trained the
dham College, Oxford, 2.4.)
choir, and graduated well. When asked how deaf people appreciate music, Whittaker retorts:
‘How does anyone?’ Rhythms, vibrations, gestures, body movement and analysis of music
are all, he says, expressions of musicality. People often join orchestras to make friends,
as to make music. And for deaf people, taking part in a comas 2.5.)
munal activity is especially precious as struggling to hear can be isolating.
Adapted from www.guardian.co.uk
Wypowiedź pisemna
Zadanie 3. (18 pkt)
Wypowiedz się na jeden z trzech poniższych tematów. Wypowiedź powinna zawierać od 200 do 250 słów i spełniać wszystkie wymogi typowe dla formy wskazanej
w poleceniu. Zaznacz temat, który wybrałeś, zakreślając jego numer.
1. Napisz opowiadanie o tym, jak twoja życiowa pasja pomogła ci wybrnąć z niebezpiecznej
sytuacji.
2. Zezwolenie na powszechne posiadanie broni jest najgorszym sposobem na zapewnienie
sobie bezpieczeństwa w dzisiejszych czasach. Wyraź swoją opinię na ten temat w formie
rozprawki, podając argumenty za i przeciw.
3. Opisz miejsce, które pomimo znacznych zmian, jakie w nim zaszły, ciągle wywołuje w tobie wiele wyjątkowo miłych wspomnień.
Uwaga: jeśli praca będzie zawierać więcej niż 300 wyrazów, otrzymasz za jej kompozycję
0 punktów.
CZYSTOPIS
196 | Przykładowe arkusze maturalne – egzamin pisemny
Poziom rozszerzony. Część I
| 197
Centralna Komisja Egzaminacyjna
Uk ad graficzny © CKE 2010
momentu rozpocz cia egzaminu.
Arkusz zawiera informacje prawnie chronione do
WPISUJE ZDAJ CY
PESEL
KOD
Miejsce
na naklejk
z kodem
dysleksja
EGZAMIN MATURALNY
Z J ZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
POZIOM ROZSZERZONY
CZ
WZÓR
II
Instrukcja dla zdaj cego
ra 7 stron
1. Sprawd , czy arkusz egzaminacyjny zawie
zg o
brak
Ewentualny
4 – 9).
(zadania
in.
egzam
cego
ruj
nadzo
u
zespo
cemu
przewodnicz
pierwsza arkusza, sprawdzaj ca rozumienie
2. Cz
nagrana na
ze s uchu, b dzie trwa a oko o 25 minut i jest
p ycie CD.
z czarnym
3. Pisz czytelnie. U ywaj d ugopisu/pióra tylko
tuszem/atramentem.
nie przekre l.
4. Nie u ywaj korektora, a b dne zapisy wyra
L i przyklej
5. Na karcie odpowiedzi wpisz swój numer PESE
.
kodem
z
k
naklej
aczonej dla
6. Zaznaczaj c odpowiedzi w cz ci karty przezn
pola do tego przeznaczone. B dne
zdaj cego, zamaluj
i zaznacz w a ciwe.
zaznaczenie otocz kó kiem
oceniane.
7. Tylko odpowiedzi zaznaczone na karcie b d
Czas pracy:
70 minut
Liczba punktów
do uzyskania: 27
MJA-R2_1P-112
Rozumienie ze słuchu
Zadanie 4. (5 pkt)
track 32
Zapoznaj się z treścią zadania. Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wypowiedzi pięciu osób na
temat wyników ankiety dotyczącej uczciwości. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu dopasuj każdą opinię do osoby, która ją wypowiedziała. Wpisz
odpowiednie litery (A–F) w kratki obok osób (4.1.–4.5.). Każdej litery możesz użyć
tylko raz. Jedna z opinii nie pasuje do żadnej wypowiedzi. Za każdą poprawną
odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
Which speaker:
A.believes the older generation has an apparent image of being more moral than the
young­er one?
B.considers honesty as a multilevel concept?
C.perceives honesty in black and white?
D.in convinced that younger generation materialism is the result of their upbringing by the
older generation?
E.thinks both younger and older generation keep up the same standards of morality?
F. thinks that nobody handed the older generation a better life – they earned it?
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
track 33
Zadanie 5. (5 pkt)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie program radiowy na temat stosowania roślin leczniczych
w medycynie. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu zdecyduj, które zdania są prawdziwe (TRUE), a które fałszywe (FALSE). Zaznacz znakiem X odpowiednią rubrykę w tabeli. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
TRUE
5.1.
Conventional medicine opposed the use of any herbal products.
5.2.
Nowadays all plant-based remedies have to go through quality and safety tests.
5.3.
Only licensed herbal products include information leaflets.
5.4.
Although a herbal product has been in use for several years, it is still not enough to prove its
effectiveness.
5.5.
Over 20 herbal remedies have failed to receive a licence of safety and quality.
FALSE
Zadanie 6. (5 pkt)
track 34
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rady artysty związane z malowaniem akwareli. Z podanych
możliwości odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl literę
A, B lub C. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
6.1. The basic principle of watercolour painting
A. does not differ from that of oil or acrylic techniques.
B. is to plan the location of some areas beforehand.
C. makes you decide upon all the picture details in advance.
Poziom rozszerzony. Część II
| 199
6.2.When planning the use of colours
A. the beginner painter should not avoid colour experimentation.
B. the application of more vivid colours ought to be limited.
C. it is good for the inexperienced painter to use only earth colours.
6.3. The most important part of the picture
A. should never be placed in the middle.
B. usually is placed symmetrically.
C. focuses our attention despite its peripheral location.
6.4.If you want to produce a good painting
A. you are supposed to do a detailed sketching first.
B. you need to be ready to do repetitive tasks.
C. you shouldn’t apply any strong tonal contrast.
6.5.A successful painter
A. must feel content with his or her creation.
B. should avoid being proud of his or her work.
C. always masters all his or her work of arts.
Rozumienie tekstu czytanego
i rozpoznawanie struktur leksykalno-gramatycznych
Zadanie 7. (4 pkt)
Przeczytaj poniższy tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią. Zaznacz jedną z czterech możliwości, zakreślając literę A, B, C lub D. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
Ask a teen for a typical profile of someone suffering from an eating disorder and most
will have the same stereotype: ‘Pop culture makes it seem like it’s a sickness that mainly
affects wealthy white girls,’ notes seventeen-year-old Mattie from New York City. Likewise,
nineteen-year-old Samantha, also from New York City, imagines that the person would be
Caucasian and from an affluent background. ‘People picture someone like Marissa Cooper
from The O.C.,’ she says, referring to a young and glamorous TV character who struggled
with the illness. There’s also the pretty and privileged Blair Waldorf on Gossip Girl. And on
the newsstands, photos of waiflike Hollywood starlets are splashed across tabloid covers
with headlines asking if anorexia is to blame.
A recent study, however, is shattering this widespread perception. According to research from
the University of Southern California, African-American girls are actually 50% more likely to
be bulimic than the white girls, and the risk is higher for girls who come from families with
lower incomes. These findings are surprising, but the explanation for them makes sense, says
Michelle Goeree, assistant professor of economics at USC and a co-author of the study. ‘Much
of the research that has been done on eating disorders only looked at young people who
were already diagnosed,’ she points out. ‘If a girl who is bingeing and purging is from a low-income family that doesn’t have insurance, she’s less likely to visit a doctor or psychiatrist who can diagnose her with bulimia. So, sadly, she and others like her have been overlooked.’
200 | Przykładowe arkusze maturalne – egzamin pisemny
Lynn Grefe, CEO of the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), agrees that diffe­
rences in income and insurance coverage have created a skewed perspective on who is
impacted by this devastating condition. ‘Hasidic Jewish, Asian, and Latin girls – these groups
are all being ignored when it comes to talking about who might be affected,’ she adds.
NEDA is working on passing a bill in New York that would require all doctors, physician’s
assistants and nurses to receive education in recognizing eating disorders before getting
re-licencsed, ensuring that even girls in low-income areas who go to clinics could be seen
by a physician familiar with the signs of disordered eating.
While the USC study reminds us that eating disorders can affect anyone regardless of race
or ethnicity and socioeconomic status, a new report highlights another important facet of
this health issue. The Internet’s growing role is possibly triggering the disorders. For the
last three years the number of pro-anorexia (often called ‘pro-ana’) and pro-bulimia (‘pro-mia’) Web sites has ballooned by 470% according to Optenet, an information technology security
company. Many of these sites contain harmful content, like crash-dieting tips, photos of emaciated
figures. Pro-ana and pro-mia groups are also popping up all over Facebook, though Facebook employees search for and delete these groups (since they violate the site’s terms of use by promoting
self-harm), many of the groups are now private, and therefore cannot be found in search.
These Web sites are dangerous, stresses Gail Purvis, director of the Renfew Center of New York, an
eating-disorder treatment facility. ‘Eating disorders are serious medical and psychiatric conditions
that can threaten a person’s survival,’ she says. ‘Girls who visit those sites should ask themselves:
I am sick, will I get a better help from someone with the same sickness or from a doctor or therapist
who understands the nature of the illness?’ A Stanford University study found that young eating
disorder patients who visited pro-eating-disorder sites stayed sick for a longer period of time than
patients who didn’t view them. Some pro-ana sites claim that they provide support for people with
eating disorders and do not condone the behaviour, but Purvis dismisses this. ‘It’s not real support
they give – it’s more like shared misery,’ she says.
Adapted from ‘TeenVogue’, September 2009
7.1.
Eating disorders
A. involve mostly celebrities.
B. are an essential part of pop culture.
C. involve a certain group of people only.
D. have been a popular subject of misconception so far.
7.2. The recent study shows
A. that bulimia has been tackled mostly by Afro-American girls.
B. there are more eating disorders among young girls than it was thought.
C. that bulimia inclinations vary from nation to nation.
D. that there is a group of girls which wasn’t diagnosed.
7.3. To fight eating disorders in NYC
A. special attention will be paid to the girls from the poorest backgrounds.
B. the bulimia and anorexia diagnosis will be free of charge.
C. medical staff will be specially trained to diagnose the illnesses.
D. certain high risk minority groups must be specially treated.
Poziom rozszerzony. Część II
| 201
7.4. Websites propagating anorexia and bulimia
A. are to be blamed for disseminating the problem.
B. have a considerable impact on girls with eating disorders.
C. have increased their popularity over 5 times in a very short period of time.
D. are deleted the moment they appear on the Internet.
7.5. According to Gail Purvis
A. teenagers with eating disorders should talk about it with their peers.
B. visiting some websites helps fight the negative feelings connected with the illnesses.
C. girls with eating disorders would shorten their sufferings if they consulted online
therapists.
D. girls suffering from these disorders will benefit only from a proper medical consultation.
Zadanie 8. (4 pkt)
Przeczytaj poniższy tekst, z którego usunięto cztery zdania. Dobierz brakujące
zdania (A–E) tak, aby otrzymać logiczny i spójny tekst. W każdą lukę (8.1.–8.4.)
wpisz literę, którą oznaczono brakujące zdanie. Jedno zdanie podano dodatkowo
i nie pasuje do tekstu. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
After a decade in which one search engine ruled them all, most of us have forgotten how
Whenever we have questions, we
to even say ‘search’. We just ‘Google’. 8.1.)
expect the group mind of the Internet to have the answers – and we turn to Google to
deliver them.
Historically, Microsoft has been an afterthought in search, a distant third behind Google
and Yahoo. But Bill Gates is nothing if not dogged, and the company latest search engine,
Bing, is without doubt the most formidable effort that Microsoft has made in this all – important and advertising – dollar-lucrative domain. Given their track record, it’s surprising
that the programmers from Remond delivered a platform that not only doesn’t suck but
delivers relevant results quickly and cleanly.
If there is one unifying principle that differentiates Bing from Google, it’s Microsoft’s
obsession with avoiding ‘bad clicks’ – the frustration of time wasted when users proceed
to a search result and find it irrelevant or spamish. Bing makes real headway on the badclick factor: You can preview a search simply by rolling your mouse to the right side of
the page, and Bing will pop up what it thinks is a useful distillation of the destination’s
Search for Erin Andrews, for example, that attractive ESPN
content. 8.2.)
reporter who was surreptitiously videotaped naked in her hotel room in July, and you will
be directed to a list of categories that include News, Images, Quotes, Interviews and Videos.
These are all useful time-saving and smart innovations – and thanks to
8.3.)
Bing, you can probably expect to see them all deployed at Google, oh, any second now.
But Bing’s most distinguished characteristic by far is how it looks and feels – it screams
of a huge commitment of engineering and marketing resources, and it boasts something
that has always, up to now, been a Microsoft deficiency: a satisfying design aesthetic.
The distinctive and beautiful background photographs on its home page
8.4.)
change daily, its interface is clean and uncluttered, and its main categories – Web, Images,
Videos, Shopping, News, Maps and Travel – are simply and effectively organized.
Adapted from ‘Rolling Stone’, August 20, 2009
202 | Przykładowe arkusze maturalne – egzamin pisemny
A.Bing also organizes popular searches into helpful categories that are listed in a left-hand pane.
B.Move your mouse over the thumbnail of a video, and it immediately starts playing.
C.This is no trivial thing: It’s the latest stage of humanity’s data processing evolution.
D.If you wanted to go overboard, you might say that Microsoft has combined the design
aesthetic of Apple with the utility of Google.
E.Bing is the slickest piece of software Microsoft has rolled out in years.
Zadanie 9. (3 pkt)
Przeczytaj poniższy tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby
otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie poprawny tekst. Wybierz jedną z czterech możliwości, zakreślając literę A, B, C lub D. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz
0,5 punktu.
A former guide on a Kenyan game reserve, Chapman, 41, has been close to most of the wild’s
great predators and seems completely unflappable and full of jokes. 9.1.)
filming, he confidently takes out his sandwiches and starts munching in full view of
the bears. They can smell our packed lunches but to them they are not a food source.
Every dropped crumb must be bagged up, though, so that they don’t learn differently.
‘I wouldn’t want to try this in other areas, especially where they are habituated to food,’
says Chapman. ‘That makes a dangerous bear. If bears had been left alone elsewhere, they
could be like this.’
hungrier they would be more inquisitive. Just last
Perhaps if the bears 9.2.)
month, a fishing guide on nearby Kenai peninsula shot dead a starving grizzly that stalked
us, the bears are fully aware
and then attacked him. Still, while they seem 9.3.)
out of the water ten
of our presence. As if to test us, a young male comes 9.4.)
yards away. ‘Good boy,’ says Simyra Thurston, who is so seasoned behind the camera that he
confessed that ‘I don’t think I have adrenaline,’ eases up on one elbow. The bear checks its
.
progress slightly and ambles past without giving us 9.5.)
Later we are standing on a low dune above the beach, 9.6.)
by a bald eagle,
when three bears – a mother and cub and an adolescent male – emerge from the dense
alders and willows behind us.
Adapted from the article The bear necessities of life: salmon and solitude by Damian Whitworth, ‘The Times 2’,
October 12, 2009, p. 3
9.1.
A. For
B. During
C. In
D. While
9.2.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
9.3.
A. ignore
B. ignoring
C. be ignoring
D. to be ignoring
9.4.
A. smashing
B. splashing
C. scratching
D. scrawling
9.5.
A. a vision
B. a glimpse
C. a sight
D. a glance
9.6.
A. scrutinize
B. scrutinizing
C. being scrutinized
D. were scrutinized
Poziom rozszerzony. Część II
| 203
Rozwiązanie
Zadanie 1.
1.1. Amanda apologised to the teacher for having forgotten to do that project.
1.2. I am not allowed to go to places like that.
1.3. If I were in your shoes, I wouldn’t play truant.
1.4. Having finished the report, Mike went on to prepare the survey questions.
1.5. I cannot put up with that awful music. Turn it down!
Zadanie 2. 2.1. proud 2.2. on 2.3. rejected
2.4. where
2.5. well
4.4. B
4.5. D
Zadanie 3. Zadanie otwarte
Zadanie 4. 4.1. F
4.2. C
4.3. E
Is there a generation gap in honesty?
The biggest ever survey of ‘dishonesty’ was conducted online by the Honesty Lab at Brunel
University and its findings reinforce the refrain of some older people that society is going
to the dogs. The survey found moral rectitude is very much the preserve of the over-50s –
they tend to see the law in black and white while younger people are much more likely to
see grey areas and justifications for committing morally dubious acts. Let’s see what our
listeners think about the results.
Speaker 1
What gets me is so many young people have the idea that the older generation exploits the
younger for their own gain. It’s not exploitation; it’s the natural progression of earning your
way through life.
If you are a young bus-boy in a nice restaurant that caters to a mostly older/wealthier
clientele, you are merely working an entry level job in the beginning of your adult life.
Mostly everyone of the older generation had very meager beginnings and worked very hard
to get to where they are now. If you want to have nice things, you’ll have to start small and
work your tail off to get it.
Speaker 2
If you are dishonest in small matters, you are dishonest. There is no such thing as a ‘white
lie’. There are only lies. If you steal small things you are no less a thief than someone who
steals for a living. If you ‘taste’ a grape without paying for it, you are a thief. If you fail
to provide 8 hours work for 8 hours pay, you are a thief. Honesty doesn’t depend on the
amount or any rationalization. If it wasn’t given to me, if I didn’t work for it, or I didn’t
inherit it, it is not mine. If I cannot tell the truth, I should be silent. It’s simple, really.
Speaker 3
My belief is that younger people are far more moral, they make decisions based on what
their heart tells them is right and wrong. Older people, on the other hand, make decisions
based on what the rules are therefore to an older person paying as little tax as legally
204 | Przykładowe arkusze maturalne – egzamin pisemny
possible, driving a polluting car, living in a larger home than is necessary are perfectly
respectable. On the other hand, younger people turn a blind eye to copyright infringement
because they think the system is morally bankrupt.
Speaker 4
Sure, stealing a grape from a supermarket is one thing, but the older generation control the
politics and finances of this country. For many of them it is ‘honest’ to buy up lots of flats,
property, depriving the younger generations of the ability to get easily onto the housing
ladder. While stealing a grape from a supermarket is illegal, it is, in my opinion, in a completely different league of morals.
Speaker 5
As a kid in the 80’s/90’s the older generation taught me ‘greed is right, money is best and
materialism is the goal.’ Now this has become a mantra to live and our society has been
brainwashed into believing that we are incomplete without all this material junk. The only
problem is most people can’t afford the perfect life we’ve been brainwashed into believing
we SHOULD have – so… it gets stolen, or cheated, or rules are bent to justify it.
Adapted from comments to the article Is there a generation gap in honesty? at www.telegraph.co.uk
Zadanie 5.
5.1. F
5.2. F
5.3. T
5.4. T
5.5. F
Medicines derived from plants have been used for centuries to relieve all kinds of ailments.
Even today, several conventional medicines in use are plant-based. But the biggest range
of medicinal plant extracts is sold as herbal or ‘alternative’ remedies. Historically there
were only a few herbal medicines to have product licences just like standard medicines, and
the majority were classified as food supplements. So most had to meet food safety regulations, but not go through the strict testing and controls required for regular medicines.
This resulted in a wide variation in quality and safety and, because they were not classified
as standard medicines, health claims or information about possible side effects were not
allowed on the packaging.
A new system of registering traditional herbal remedies has now been introduced by the
UK’s medicines licensing authority. Herbal products registered under the scheme are
guaranteed to be of pharmaceutical quality, just like standard medicines. This means they
meet specific safety and quality standards. What’s more, the content of active ingredients
is carefully controlled. They can make appropriate, approved health claims, and so include
a product information leaflet with warnings about possible side effects.
One important difference from standard medicines is the proof of effectiveness. Rather
than going through extensive clinical trials, registered traditional herbal products have
only to have been in use for at least 30 years. This does not mean that they are effective.
However, many go through trials providing evidence of their benefits. These would not be
sufficient for them to get a standard medicines licence, but the scheme does mean that
consumers have access to a favourite remedy with a guarantee of safety and quality. Since
the scheme began last year, 21 products have received a licence – check the packaging for
a Traditional Herbal Registration (THR) number.
Adapted from the article at www.tesco.com
Poziom rozszerzony. Rozwiązanie
| 205
Zadanie 6.
6.1. B
6.2. B
6.3. C
6.4. B
6.5. A
To learn to paint watercolor may at first seem strange and difficult, especially if you are
used to opaque mediums such as oil or acrylic. The first and most obvious difference is the
fact that watercolor is transparent. This means you must decide from the very beginning
where the areas of white will be in your painting.
The process for successful watercolor painting, is to avoid the areas to be left white and apply the
lightest washes first, gradually working your way towards darker washes. Try to cover large areas
fairly loosely in the early stages of the painting, applying tighter detail towards the end.
Dipping into 20 different colors spread around your palette is tempting but usually results
in a discordant, muddy work. Limit your colors to just two or three, particularly in the
early stages of a painting. Your subject will dictate which ones to choose. For buildings,
landscape etc. start with washes of earth colours – Raw Sienna and Burnt Sienna plus
a little Ultramarine or Indigo, depending on what sort of atmosphere you’re after. More
intense colours can be carefully introduced later if necessary.
For a painting to be successful the centre of interest should be obvious and well positioned.
Avoid placing the centre of interest in the middle of a painting (either horizontally or vertically), unless you are after a static, formal composition. Keeping the centre of interest an
unequal distance from each side helps position it correctly.
Your drawing will look better if the most interesting part (called the centre of interest) is
not placed along either of the page’s centre lines. The strongest tonal (light/dark) contrast
should be placed at the centre of interest. Have some areas of the drawing less detailed
than others. Try and keep most of the detail in the area of the centre of interest.
Practice – it doesn’t matter what you draw – you have to train your eye to accurately judge
proportion and your hand to accurately convert these judgments to marks on paper. There
are no shortcuts here, lots and lots of pencil shavings are the only answer.
Put a matt around your work, sit down with a glass of wine or cup of coffee, and look at all
the good things you have done. It is important to feel good about your work. Dwelling on
mistakes or problems is disheartening and makes it difficult to move on. I have yet to see
a painting without some good points. Concentrating on the positive aspects of your work
gives you confidence and enthusiasm, and allows you to build on your successes.
Adapted from the article at www.johnlovett.com/beginer.htm
Zadanie 7. 7.1. D
7.2. D
7.3. C
7.4. B
Zadanie 8. 8.1. C
8.2. A
8.3. B
8.4. E
Zadanie 9.
9.2. B
9.3. D
9.4. B
9.1. B
206 | Przykładowe arkusze maturalne – egzamin pisemny
7.5. D
9.5. D
9.6. C