Communication No. 2023

INTERNATIONAL SKATING UNION
Communication No. 2023
World Cup Short Track Speed Skating 2016/17
1. World Cup Competitions
The World Cup Short Track Speed Skating 2016/17 will be presented under the title “ISU World Cup Short
Track” and a specific logo. For the season 2016/17 the ISU has designated the following competitions as
“World Cup Competitions”:
Place
Country
Date
1
Calgary
CAN
November 4, 2016
November 5-6, 2016
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
2
Salt Lake City
USA
November 11, 2016
November 12-13, 2016
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
3
Shanghai
CHN
December 9, 2016
December 10-11, 2016
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
4
Gangneung
KOR
December 16, 2016
December 17-18, 2016
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
5
Dresden
GER
February 3, 2017
February 4-5, 2017
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
6
Minsk
BLR
February 10, 2017
February 11-12, 2017
Qualifying Session
WORLD CUP Session
Organizers of these World Cup Competitions are required to observe the conditions of the 2016 ISU
Regulations and the most recent edition of the Memorandum for hosting ISU World Cup Short Track
Competitions.
2. Conditions
a) All World Cup Competitions are held according to Rule 286.
b) All World Cup Competitions shall be open to all ISU Members.
c) The competitions will have a single distance character and are held in separate sessions. The first day is
dedicated to the Qualifying Session. On the second and third day there will be Repechage Sessions
preceding the World Cup Session on that day. Competitors who did not qualify for the Quarter-Finals for
500 and 1000 meters and Semi-Finals for 1500 in the World Cup Session, can enter the Repechage Session
for the distance concerned, except those who were given a sanction (Rule 297, paragraph 5), did not start or
failed to finish in the Qualifying Session. The maximum number of Competitors to enter the Repechage
Session is 40.
d) On the distances 500, 1000 and 1500 meters there will be A and B Finals. Skaters qualify for A and B Finals
only through the Semi-Finals.
e) B-Finals on individual distances with two (2) or less Skater(s) will not be skated and the qualified Skater(s)
will be assigned the first finish position for this race.
f) B-Finals on Relay distances with one(1) Team will not be skated and the qualified Team will be assigned
the first finish position for this race.
1
g) The number of Qualifying Rounds, the number of Races per Round and the number of Skaters to qualify for
the next round, for both the Qualifying Session and the Repechage Session, are specified by the Technical
Committee.
h) Planned number of Athletes/Teams per Race
500
1000
1500
Relay
Preliminaries (Qualifying Session)
5
6
8
Heats (Qualifying Session)
4
5
7
5
Repechage Session
5
6
8
Quarter Finals (World Cup Session)
5 *)
5
Semi Finals (World Cup Session)
4 *)
5 *)
7 *)
4
Finals (World Cup Session)
4 *)
4 *)
6 *)
4 *)
*) See Rule 295, paragraph 2.e)
i)
Expenses may be paid to Officials in accordance with the ISU General Regulations, Rule 137, paragraph
6.b) with details to be stated in the respective announcement.
j) Anti-Doping tests will be carried out at each Competition in accordance with the valid ISU Anti-Doping
Rules and ISU Anti-Doping Procedures (ISU Communications Nos. 1871, 1872, 1922 and 1923 or any
further update of these Communications).
k) An ISU Technical Committee Representative will be assigned in accordance with Rule 288.
3. Distances
World Individual Distances for Ladies and Men
Cup Day 1
Day 2
1
500 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1000 m
2
1000 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1500 m
3
500 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1000 m
4
1000 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1000 m
5
1000 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1500 m
6
1000 m, 1500 m
500 m, 1000 m
Relay
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
3000 m for Ladies, 5000 m for Men
4. Entries
a) In accordance with Rule 286, paragraph 3, the entries shall be restricted to a maximum of six (6)
Competitors per category (Ladies + Men) for each Member at each World Cup Competition for the season
2016/17;
b) Individual entries for 500, 1000 and 1500 meters:
Three (3) Competitors per Member per distance per category. Any three (3) of the maximum six (6) may
skate each distance.
On Day 0, during the Qualifying Session, all competitors may participate. However, for each of the 2 World
Cup days a Competitor may only participate in one distance. . The number of Competitors actually entered
for each day from each ISU Member must be divided as equally as possible over both distances on that day;
Example
Member
Distance 1 (Day 1)
Distance 2 (Day 1) Distance 3 (Day 2) Distance 4 (Day 2)
A 6 Competitors
3
3
3
3
B 5 Competitors
2 or 3
3 or 2
2 or 3
3 or 2
C 4 Competitors
2
2
2
2
D 3 Competitors
1 or 2
2 or 1
1 or 2
2 or 1
E 2 Competitors
1
1
1
1
c) In the case of an highly increased participation the Technical Committee may modify the entry criteria and
limit the number of Competitors per ISU Member.
d) Relay entries: one (1) Team per Member of minimum 4, maximum 6 Competitors per category which are
included in the Competitors entered under paragraph 4.a) above.
e) Entries can only be made using the ISU Online Entry System for the ISU World Cup Short Track.
f) By making an entry for a World Cup Competition the Member confirms that if qualified the Member will
participate in the Relay competition at the ISU World Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2016. The
Member may forfeit these rights by notifying the ISU in writing before the last World Cup Competition of
the season (Rule 286, paragraph 4a).
g) By making an entry for a World Cup Competition on the territory of a European Member, the Member
confirms that, if qualified, the Member will participate in the Relay Competition at the European
Championships 2018. This does not apply if the 2018 European Championships are held after the World
2
Cup Competitions in Europe during the season 2016/17. The Member may forfeit these rights by notifying
the ISU in writing before the last World Cup Competition of the season in Europe;
5. World Cup entries by Host Member
According to Rule 295, paragraph 2.j) the Host Member may enter one (1) Skater in each of the individual
distances in each category in the World Cup Session. These special entries for each of the Skaters must meet the
following, additional criterias:
a) The Skater must be the highest ranked Skater of the Host Member in the World Cup Ranking List over the
distance concerned, or the best Skater of the Host Member as proven by the results in International or
national Competitions after July 1st, 2015.
b) If the Skater is not the highest ranked Skater of the Host Member in the distance concerned, he/she must be
approved by the Short Track Speed Skating Technical Committee.
c) The Host Member must specify for each of the distances whether they want to enter a Skater directly to the
World Cup Session, and specify the name and all relevant information for this selected Skater to the
Representative of the Technical Committee. This documentation must be submitted to the ISU Secretariat
at the latest 2 weeks before the Competition. (See Rule 286, paragraph 6.d)
6. Required Qualifying Times
a) All Skaters entered for a World Cup Competition must have achieved an ISU qualifying time over the
distance of 500m. The ISU Short Track Speed Skating Technical Committee has determined qualifying
times required for participation in the ISU World Cup Short Track Speed Skating 2016/17 as follows:
Ladies 500 meters: 55,00
Men 500 meters:
53,00
b) The result must have been achieved at the latest twenty-one (21) days before the respective ISU World Cup
Short Track Speed Skating in one of the following Competitions:
• ISU Championships;
• ISU World Cup Short Track Speed Skating Competitions;
• International Short Track Speed Skating Competitions as listed in the annual ISU Communication to be
published by the ISU by August 1, 2016;
• National Championships sanctioned by the ISU Member concerned;
• Other Short Track Speed Skating Competitions sanctioned by the ISU.
c) The Competition must have been held on an official ISU track as listed in Rule 280, paragraph 1;
d) Photo finish and/or electronic timing must have been used, proved by original outputs of the respective
equipment. If no Photo finish and/or electronic timing are available 0,2 seconds must be added to the time
skated.
e) A Referee and Starter, listed on the Communication "List of Referees, Starters and Competitors Stewards
for Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating" for the respective season, must have been officiating;
f) The distances skated and the starting times must have been in accordance with the announcement;
g) A Protocol and a Program of the competition must be available;
h) For a Skater to be qualified for participation in the ISU World Cup Short Track Speed Skating 2016/2017,
only results achieved after July 1, 2015 will be considered;
i) Members entering participants must submit verification of the qualifying times achieved by each
Competitor. This documentation must be submitted to the ISU Secretariat at the latest two (2) weeks before
the start of the Event concerned. The respective Representative of the Technical Committee for the
Competition will review the documents and confirm whether the qualifying criteria has been respected and
if the entry can be accepted.
7. Lane Positions
In each round the positions at the start line are determined in accordance with Rule 296, paragraph 6.
8. Program
The program for each World Cup Competition is set as follows:
Day -1
- Official Training
- Official Opening
Day 0
- Qualifying Session (all individual and relay distances)
Day 1
- Repechage Session over distances 1 and 2
- WORLD CUP Session
Day 2
- Repechage Session over distances 3 and 4
- WORLD CUP Session
3
The programs of the WORLD CUP Competitions are the following:
Qualifying Session – World Cup 4 and World Cup 6 (1000m)
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
1000 (1)
1000 (1)
1500
1500
1000 (1)
1000 (1)
500
500
1000 (2)
1000 (2)
500
500
1000 (2)
1000 (2)
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Breaks and resurfaces during the Qualifying Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
Repechage Session – World Cup 4 and World Cup 6 (1000m)
Day 1
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
1000
1000
1500
1500
1000
1000
1500
1500
1000
1000
Day 2
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
1000
1000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Resurfaces during Repechage Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
World Cup Session – World Cup 4 and World Cup 6 (1000m)
#
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
Day 1
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Resurface
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Distance
1000
1000
Category
Ladies
Men
1500
1500
1000
1000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000
1000
1000
1000
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
#
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Day 2
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Resurface
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Distance
500
500
1000
1000
Category
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
500
1000
1000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Resurface
2 Semi-Finals Relay
2 Semi-Finals Relay
3000
5000
1
1
Ladies
Men
1
1
1
1
Final B
Final A
Resurface
Final A Relay
Final A Relay
Final B Relay
Final B Relay
1000
1000
3000
5000
3000
5000
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Qualifying Session – World Cup 1 and World Cup 3 (500m)
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
500 (1)
500 (1)
1500
1500
500 (1)
500 (1)
500 (2)
500 (2)
1000
1000
500 (2)
500 (2)
1000
1000
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Breaks and resurfaces during the Qualifying Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
Repechage Session – World Cup 1 and World Cup 3 (500m)
Day 1
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
500
500
1500
1500
500
500
1500
1500
500
500
Day 2
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
1000
1000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Resurfaces during Repechage Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
World Cup Session – World Cup 1 and World Cup 3 (500m)
#
4
4
2
2
3
3
1
Day 1
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Resurface
Final B
Distance
500
500
Category
Ladies
Men
500
500
1500
1500
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
Ladies
#
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
Day 2
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Distance
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
1000
1000
Category
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
5
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Resurface
2 Semi-Finals Relay
2 Semi-Finals Relay
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
500
500
500
1500
1500
1500
1500
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
3000
5000
Ladies
Men
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Resurface
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Resurface
Final A Relay
Final A Relay
Final B Relay
Final B Relay
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
3000
5000
3000
5000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Qualifying Session – World Cup 2 and World Cup 5 (1500m)
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Preliminaries
Preliminaries
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
1000
1000
1500 (1)
1500 (1)
1000
1000
500
500
1500 (2)
1500 (2)
500
500
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Breaks and resurfaces during the Qualifying Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
Repechage Session – World Cup 2 and World Cup 5 (1500m)
Day 1
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
1000
1000
1500
1500
1000
1000
1500
1500
1000
1000
Day 2
Heats
Heats
Heats
Heats
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
500
500
1500
1500
500
500
1500
1500
500
500
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Resurfaces during Repechage Session to be decided based on the actual number of races.
World Cup Session – World Cup 2 and World Cup 5 (1500m)
#
4
4
3
3
6
Day 1
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Distance
1000
1000
1500
1500
Category
Ladies
Men
#
4
4
Ladies
Men
2
2
Day 2
Round
Quarter-Finals
Quarter-Finals
Resurface
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Distance
500
500
500
500
Category
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
2 Semi-Finals
2 Semi-Finals
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Resurface
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Resurface
Semi-Finals Relay
Semi-Finals Relay
1000
1000
Ladies
Men
3
3
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000
1000
1000
1000
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
1
1
1
1
1
1
3000
5000
Ladies
Men
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Semi-Finals
Semi-Finals
Resurface
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Final B
Final A
Resurface
Final A Relay
Final A Relay
Final B Relay
Final B Relay
1500
1500
Ladies
Men
500
500
500
500
1500
1500
1500
1500
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
Ladies
Ladies
Men
Men
3000
5000
3000
5000
Ladies
Men
Ladies
Men
Warm Up sessions may be scheduled at the beginning of each days program but are limited to 10 minutes per
session. The number of warm up groups is limited to two (2) per category/distance.
The Organizing Committee may determine the starting times on each day in consultation with the ISU. No other
Short Track Speed Skating events are allowed in the same facility during the World Cup Competitions.
9. Announcement
Each organizer of the above mentioned World Cup Competitions shall submit an Announcement to the ISU
Secretariat for publication on the ISU Website (see Rule 110).
10. Drawing and progression
The make-up of the first Qualifying Round of each distance shall be based on the current World Ranking List
over the distance following the principles of Rule 296, of the 2016 ISU Regulations. Progression to subsequent
Qualifying Rounds shall be according to Rule 295, paragraph 2.
From the Qualifying Sessions for 500 and 1000 meters a number of Skaters (see Qualifying Tables to be
published in a separate Communication) will qualify for the Quarter-Finals during the World Cup Session. If the
Host Member does not use its right to enter one (1) Skater to these Quarter-Finals then the number of Skaters to
qualify for the Quarter-Finals over 500 and 1000 meters will be adjusted.
Similarly the number of Skaters to qualify for the 1500 meters Semi-Finals is specified in the Qualifying Tables.
From the Repechage Session the winners of the Semi-Finals will qualify for the World Cup Session.
Advancements from the last round in the Qualifying Session and/or the Repechage Session are not included in
these numbers.
11. Classifications at each World Cup Competition
The Distance Classifications over the Individual Distances 500, 1000 and 1500 meters will follow the Rules for
Distance Classifications (see Rule 295, paragraph 6)
• First to be listed will be Competitors who have qualified for the World Cup in accordance with Rule 295,
paragraph 6, using the results of the World Cup Session. Any persisting tie will be broken according to
the results of the Competitors in the Qualifying Session.
Any Competitor who received a penalty, did not start or failed to finish in the first round of the World
Cup Session will be ranked last in this group. If this applies to more than one Competitor, they will be
ranked according to their results within the Qualifying Session.
• Then the remaining Competitors who have participated in the Repechage Session will be ranked in
accordance with Rule 295, paragraph 6, using the results of the Repechage Session. Any persisting tie
will be broken according to the results of the Competitors in the Qualifying Session.
Any Competitor who was given a penalty, did not start or failed to finish in the first round of the
Repechage Session will be ranked last in this group. If this applies to more than one Competitor they will
be ranked according to their results in the Qualifying Session.
• Any remaining Competitor will be ranked in accordance with Rule 295, paragraph 6, using the results in
the Qualifying Session.
7
• Any Competitor who did not finish, received a penalty(Rule 297, paragraph 5) or was shown a yellow
card (Rule 297, paragraph 5) in the first round of the Qualifying Session will receive a virtual rank equal
to the number of participants on the distance concerned plus 1.
• Any Competitor who was shown a red card (Rule 297, paragraph 5) will not be listed.
• Competitors who have been entered but did not start, due to whatever reason, will not be listed.
The Distance Classifications over the Relay Distances will follow the Rules for Distance Classifications (see
Rule 295, paragraph 6)
12. Points scoring
The points scoring for each of the above Distance Classifications (see paragraph 8) at World Cup
a)
Competitions is as follows:
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
b)
c)
Points
10000
8000
6400
5120
4096
3277
2621
2097
1678
1342
1074
859
687
550
440
Rank
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Points
352
281
225
180
144
115
92
74
59
47
38
30
24
19
15
Rank
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Points
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
Points are awarded only if ranked on the respective classification of that Competition.
In the case of a tie the higher number of ranking points shall be awarded to both Skaters/Teams, for
example in the case of a tie for second places the points will be 10000, 8000, 8000, 5120, etc.
13. World Cup Classification
a)
For the purpose of establishing the World Cup Classifications over the Individual Distances, only the
best six (6) results from the possible eight (8) Distance Classifications at World Cup Competitions will
be considered.
b)
For the purpose of establishing the World Cup Classifications over the Relay Distances, only the best
four (4) results from the possible six (6) Distance Classifications at World Cup Competitions will be
considered.
c)
For the purpose of establishing the Special Classifications over the Relay Distance to qualify for the
European Championships a Distance Classification will be used with only European Members and the
total of World Cup Points will be calculated over the Competitions concerned (see Rule 286, paragraph
4.c).
14. ISU Shanghai Trophy
The Overall World Ranking List (see Rule 286, paragraph 9.d) will be used to determine the participants invited
to the ISU Shanghai Trophy in March 2016.
8
15. Prize Money
Prize Money will only be distributed for Final World Cup Classifications after all World Cup Competitions of
the season are concluded. The amounts are as follows:
500 m
Men
1st place
2nd place
3rd place
4th place
5th place
6th place
7th place
8th place
9th place
10th place
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
5000
4000
3000
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
Ladies
US$
5000
US$
4000
US$
3000
US$
2500
US$
2250
US$
2000
US$
1750
US$
1500
US$
1250
US$
1000
1000 m
Men
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
5000
4000
3000
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
1500 m
Ladies
US$
5000
US$
4000
US$
3000
US$
2500
US$
2250
US$
2000
US$
1750
US$
1500
US$
1250
US$
1000
Men
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
5000
4000
3000
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
Ladies
US$
5000
US$
4000
US$
3000
US$
2500
US$
2250
US$
2000
US$
1750
US$
1500
US$
1250
US$
1000
Relay
Men
1st place
2nd place
3rd place
4th place
5th place
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
Tubbergen,
July 6, 2016
Lausanne,
6000
5000
3000
2000
1250
Ladies
US$
6000
US$
5000
US$
3000
US$
2000
US$
1250
Jan Dijkema, President
Fredi Schmid, Director General
9