Rozdział 3 Using KiCad manager

KiCad
KiCad
ii
1 lipca 2016
KiCad
iii
Spis treści
1
2
3
4
Wstęp
1
1.1
KiCad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.2
Pliki i foldery programu KiCad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Instacja oraz konfiguracja
4
2.1
Opcje wyświetlania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2.2
Inicjalizacja domyślnej konfiguracji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2.3
Modifying the default configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2.4
Initialization of external utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2.5
Konfigurowanie ścieżek dostępu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2.6
Selection of text editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
2.7
Selection of PDF viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
2.8
KiCad principles of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Using KiCad manager
8
3.1
Okno główne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.2
Panel uruchomieniowy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.3
Drzewo projektu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.4
Górny pasek narzędzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Project templates
11
4.1
Using Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2
Template Locations: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3
Creating templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.1
Required File: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3.2
Pliki opcjonalne: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
KiCad
iv
Podręcznik użytkownika
Prawa autorskie
Copyright © 2010-2015. Ten dokument jest chroniony prawem autorskim. Lista autorów znajduje się poniżej. Możesz go rozpowszechniać oraz modyfikować na zasadach określonych w General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), wersja 3
lub późniejsza, albo określonych w Creative Commons Attribution
Wszystkie znaki towarowe użyte w tym dokumencie należą do ich właścicieli.
Współtwórcy
Jean-Pierre Charras, Fabrizio Tappero.
Tłumaczenie
Kerusey Karyu <[email protected]>, 2014-2015.
Kontakt
Please direct any bug reports, suggestions or new versions to here:
• About KiCad document: https://github.com/KiCad/kicad-doc/issues
• About KiCad software: https://bugs.launchpad.net/kicad
• About KiCad software i18n: https://github.com/KiCad/kicad-i18n/issues
Data publikacji i wersja oprogramowania
2015, May 21.
KiCad
1 / 14
Rozdział 1
Wstęp
1.1
KiCad
KiCad to pakiet programów Open Source do rysowania schematów i tworzenia obwodów drukowanych (PCB). Pod jego osobliwą i
prostą powierzchnią, KiCad zawiera elegancką spójność następujących samodzielnych narzędzi:
• KiCad: Project manager
• Eeschema: Schematic editor and component editor
• Pcbnew: Circuit board layout editor and footprint editor
• GerbView: Gerber viewer
3 utility tools are also included:
• Bitmap2Component: Component maker for logos. It creates a schematic component or a footprint from a bitmap picture.
• PcbCalculator: A calculator that is helpful to calculate components for regulators, track width versus current, transmission lines,
etc.
• Pl Editor: Page layout editor.
Narzędzia te są zwykle uruchamiane za pomocą menadżera projektu, ale mogą też być uruchomione jako samodzielne aplikacje.
W chwili obecnej, KiCad jest narzędziem dojrzałym i może być użyty do tworzenia i zarządzania nawet bardzo skomplikowanymi
obwodami drukowanymi.
KiCad nie ma żadnych znaczących ograniczeń co do rozmiaru obwodów drukowanych i może z powodzeniem obsłużyć do 32 warstw
sygnałowych, 14 warstw technicznych oraz 4 warstw pomocniczych.
KiCad umożliwia utworzenie wszystkich plików wymaganych do wyprodukowania obwodu drukowanego:
• pliki Gerber dla fotoploterów
• pliki wierceń
KiCad
2 / 14
• pliki dla maszyn Pick&Place
• a także wiele innych.
Będąc oprogramowaniem Open Source (licencja GPL), KiCad reprezentuje sobą idealne narzędzie dla projektów zorientowanych
na tworzenie elektroniki z gałęzi Open Hardware.
KiCad is available for Linux, Windows and Apple OS X.
1.2
Pliki i foldery programu KiCad
KiCad creates and uses files with the following specific file extensions (and folders) for schematic and board editing.
Plik menadżera projektu:
*.pro
Small file containing a few parameters for the current project, including the component library
list.
Pliki edytora schematów:
*.sch
Schematic files, which do not contain the components themselves.
*.lib
Schematic component library files, containing the component descriptions: graphic shape, pins,
fields.
*.dcm
Schematic component library documentation, containing some component descriptions:
comments, keywords, reference to data sheets.
*_cache.lib
Schematic component library cache file, containing a copy of the components used in the
schematic project.
Pliki i foldery edytora obwodów drukowanych:
*.kicad_pcb
Board file containing all info but the page layout.
*.pretty
Footprint library folders. The folder itself is the library.
*.kicad_mod
Footprint files, containing one footprint description each.
*.brd
Board file in the legacy format. Can be read, but not written, by the current board editor.
*.mod
Footprint library in the legacy format. Can be read by the footprint or the board editor, but not
written.
fp-lib-table
Footprint library list (footprint libraries table): list of footprint libraries (various formats) which
are loaded by the board or the footprint editor or CvPcb.
Pliki wspólne:
*.kicad_wks
Page layout description files, for people who want a worksheet with a custom look.
*.net
Netlist file created by the schematic, and read by the board editor. This file is associated to the
.cmp file, for users who prefer a separate file for the component/footprint association.
KiCad
3 / 14
Special file:
*.cmp
Association between components used in the schematic and their footprints. It can be created by
Pcbnew, and imported by Eeschema. The purpose is a back import from Pcbnew to Eeschema,
for users who change footprints inside Pcbnew (for instance using Exchange Footprints command)
and want to import these changes in schematic.
Inne pliki:
Pliki te są generowane przez program KiCad do celów produkcji obwodów drukowanych.
*.gbr
Gerber files, for fabrication.
*.drl
Drill files (Excellon format), for fabrication.
*.pos
Position files (ASCII format), for automatic insertion machines.
*.rpt
Report files (ASCII format), for documentation.
*.ps
Plot files (Postscript), for documentation.
*.pdf
Plot files (PDF format), for documentation.
*.svg
Plot files (SVG format), for documentation.
*.dxf
Plot files (DXF format), for documentation.
*.plt
Plot files (HPGL format), for documentation.
KiCad
4 / 14
Rozdział 2
Instacja oraz konfiguracja
2.1
Opcje wyświetlania
Pcbnew needs the support of OpenGL v2.1 or higher.
2.2
Inicjalizacja domyślnej konfiguracji
A default configuration file named kicad.pro is supplied in kicad/template. It serves as a template for any new project and is used to
set the list of library files loaded by Eeschema. A few other parameters for Pcbnew (default text size, default line thickness, etc.) are
also stored here.
Another default configuration file named fp-lib-table may exist. It will be used only once to create a footprint library list; otherwise
the list will be created from scratch.
2.3
Modifying the default configuration
The default kicad.pro file can be freely modified, if desired.
Verify that you have write access to kicad/template/kicad.pro
Uruchom program KiCad oraz otwórz projekt kicad.pro.
Run Eeschema via KiCad. Modify and update the Eeschema configuration, to set the list of libraries you want to use each time you
create new projects.
Run Pcbnew via KiCad. Modify and update the Pcbnew configuration, especially the footprint library list. Pcbnew will create or
update a library list file called footprint library table. There are 2 library list files (named fp-lib-table): The first (located in the
user home directory) is global for all projects and the second (located in the project directory), if it exists, is specific to the project.
KiCad
2.4
5 / 14
Initialization of external utilities
When using KiCad, choosing a text editor and a PDF viewer is useful.
These settings are accessible from the Preference menu:
2.5
Konfigurowanie ścieżek dostępu
In KiCad, one can define paths using an environment variable. A few environment variables are internally defined by KiCad, and
can be used to define paths for libraries, 3D shapes, etc.
This is useful when absolute paths are not known or are subject to change, and also when one base path is shared by many similar
items. Consider the following which may be installed in varying locations:
• Eeschema component libraries
• Pcbnew footprint libraries
• 3D shape files used in footprint definitions
For instance, the path to the connect.pretty footprint library, when using the KISYSMOD environment variable, would be $
{KISYSMOD}/connect.pretty
This option allows you to define a path with an environment variable, and add your own environment variables to define personal
paths, if needed.
KiCad environment variables:
KICAD_PTEMPLATES Templates used during project creation. If you are using this variable, it must be defined.
KIGITHUB
Frequently used in example footprint lib tables. If you are using this variable, it must be defined.
KISYS3DMOD
Base path of 3D shapes files, and must be defined because an absolute path is not usually used.
KISYSMOD
Base path of footprint library folders, and must be defined if an absolute path is not used in
footprint library names.
KiCad
6 / 14
Note also the environment variable KIPRJMOD is always internally defined by KiCad, and is the current project absolute path.
For instance, ${KIPRJMOD}/connect.pretty is always the connect.pretty folder (the pretty footprint library) found inside the current
project folder.
If you modify the configuration of paths, please quit and restart KiCad to avoid any issues in path handling.
2.6
Selection of text editor
Before using a text editor to browse/edit files in the current project, you must choose the text editor you want to use.
Select Preferences → Set Text Editor to set the text editor you want to use.
2.7
Selection of PDF viewer
You may use the default PDF viewer or choose your own.
To change from the default PDF viewer use Preferences → PDF Viewer → Set PDF Viewer to choose the PDF viewer program,
then select Preferences → PDF Viewer → Favourite PDF Viewer.
On Linux the default PDF viewer is known to be fragile, so selecting your own PDF viewer is recommended.
2.8
KiCad principles of use
In order to manage a KiCad project of schematic files, printed circuit board files, supplementary libraries, manufacturing files for
photo-tracing, drilling and automatic component placement files, it is recommended to create a project as follows:
• Utworzyć katalog roboczy dla projektu (używając narzędzi dostępnych z poziomu centrum programu lub narzędzi dostępnych
z poziomu systemu operacyjnego).
• In this directory, use KiCad to create a project file (file with extension .pro) via the Ćreate a new projectór Ćreate a new project
from template”icon.
KiCad
7 / 14
Ostrzeżenie
Use a unique directory for each KiCad project. Do not combine multiple projects into a single directory.
KiCad creates a file with a .pro extension that maintains a number of parameters for project management (such as the list of libraries
used in the schematic). Default names of both main schematic file and printed circuit board file are derived from the name of the
project. Thus, if a project called example.pro was created in a directory called example, the default files will be created:
example.pro
Project management file.
example.sch
Main schematic file.
example.kicad_pcb
Printed circuit board file.
example.net
Netlist file.
example.xxx
Various files created by the other utility programs.
example-cache.lib
Library file automatically created and used by the schematic editor containing a backup
of the components used in the schematic.
KiCad
8 / 14
Rozdział 3
Using KiCad manager
The KiCad Manager (kicad or kicad.exe file) is a tool which can easily run the other tools (schematic and PCB editors, Gerber viewer
and utility tools) when creating a design.
Uruchamianie pozostałych aplikacji z poziomu Menadżera Projektu ma swoje zalety:
• “cross probing” pomiędzy edutorem schematów a edytorem obwodów drukowanych.
• “cross probing” pomiędzy edytorem schematów a narzędziem do przypisywania footprintów (CvPcb).
However, you can only edit the current project files. When these tools are run in stand alone mode, you can open any file in any
project but cross probing between tools can give strange results.
3.1
Okno główne
KiCad
9 / 14
Okno główne składa się z listy o strukturze drzewa (po lewej) zawierającą pliki projektu, panelu uruchomieniowego (po prawej, na
górze) pozwalającego na uruchomienie poszczególnych narzędzi oraz okna z wiadomościami. Główne menu oraz pasek narzędzi
może być użyte do utworzenia, odczytania, zapisania pliku projektu (*.pro), a także do zarchiwizowania całości projektu do pliku
archiwum ZIP.
3.2
Panel uruchomieniowy
KiCad pozwala na uruchamianie wszystkich składników z jakmi został dostarczony.
The launch pane is made of the 8 buttons below that correspond to the following commands (1 to 8, from left to right):
1
Eeschema
Schematic editor.
2
LibEdit
Component editor and component library manager.
3
Pcbnew
Board layout editor.
4
FootprintEditor
Footprint editor and footprint library manager.
5
Gerbview
Gerber file viewer. It can also display drill files.
6
Bitmap2component
Tool to build a footprint or a component from a B&W bitmap image to create logos.
7
Pcb Calculator
Tool to calculate track widths, and many other things.
8
Pl Editor
Page layout editor, to create/customize frame references.
3.3
Drzewo projektu
Double-clicking on the Eeschema icon runs the schematic editor, in this case opening the file pic_programmer.sch.
Kliknięcie podwójne na ikonę Pbcnew uruchomi edytor obwodów drukowanych PCB, w tym wypadku otwierając automatycznie
plik pic_programmer.kicad_pcb.
Right clicking on any of the files in the project tree allows generic file manipulation.
KiCad
3.4
10 / 14
Górny pasek narzędzi
KiCad top toolbar allows for some basic file operations:
Create a project file. If the template kicad.pro is found in kicad/template, it is copied into
the working directory.
Create a project from a template.
Open an existing project.
Update and save the current project tree.
Create a zip archive of the whole project. This includes schematic files, libraries, PCB, etc.
Rebuild and redraw the tree view, sometimes needed after a tree change.
KiCad
11 / 14
Rozdział 4
Project templates
A template facilitates the easy creation of a new project, based on a template definition. Templates may contain pre-defined board
outlines, connector positions, schematic elements, design rules, etc. Complete schematics and/or PCBs used as seed files for the new
project may even be included.
4.1
Using Templates
The File → New Project → New Project from Template menu will open the Project Template Selector dialog:
KiCad
12 / 14
A single click on a template’s icon will load that template’s information, and a further click on the OK button creates the new project.
The template files will be copied to the new project location and renamed to reflect the new project’s name.
Po wybraniu jednego z szablonów:
4.2
Template Locations:
Lista dostępnych szablonów jest tworzona na podstawie następujących lokacji źródłowych:
• System templates: <kicad bin dir>/../share/kicad/template/
• User templates:
– Unix: ~/kicad/templates/
– Windows: C:\Documents and Settings\użytkownik\Moje dokumenty\kicad\templates
– Mac: ~/Documents/kicad/templates/
• When the environment variable KICAD_PTEMPLATES is defined there is a third tab, Portable Templates, which lists templates
found at the KICAD_PTEMPLATES path.
4.3
Creating templates
The template name is the directory name under which the template files are stored. The metadata directory, in a subdirectory named
meta, contains files which describe the template.
KiCad
13 / 14
All files and directories in a template are copied to the new project path when a project is created using a template, except meta.
All files and directories which start with the template name will be renamed with the new project file name, excluding the file
extension.
The metadata consists of one required file, and may contain optional files. All files must be created by the user using a text editor or
previous KiCad project files, and placed into the required directory structure.
Here are project files for a raspberrypi-gpio template:
And the metadata files:
4.3.1
Required File:
meta/info.html
HTML-formatted information describing the template.
The <title> tag determines the actual name of the template that is exposed to the user for template selection. Note that the project
template name will be cut off if it’s too long. Due to font kerning, typically 7 or 8 characters can be displayed.
KiCad
14 / 14
Using HTML means that images can be easily in-lined without having to invent a new scheme. Only basic HTML tags can be used
in this document.
Here is a sample info.html file:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC ”-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN”>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=”CONTENT-TYPE” CONTENT=”text/html;
charset=windows-1252”>
<TITLE>Raspberry Pi - Expansion Board</TITLE>
<META NAME=”GENERATOR” CONTENT=”LibreOffice 3.6 (Windows)”>
<META NAME=”CREATED” CONTENT=”0;0”>
<META NAME=”CHANGED” CONTENT=”20121015;19015295”>
</HEAD>
<BODY LANG=”fr-FR” DIR=”LTR”>
<P>This project template is the basis of an expansion board for the
<A HREF=”http://www.raspberrypi.org/” TARGET=”blank”>Raspberry Pi $25
ARM board.</A> <BR><BR>This base project includes a PCB edge defined
as the same size as the Raspberry-Pi PCB with the connectors placed
correctly to align the two boards. All IO present on the Raspberry-Pi
board is connected to the project through the 0.1&quot; expansion
headers. <BR><BR>The board outline looks like the following:
</P>
<P><IMG SRC=”brd.png” NAME=”brd” ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=680 HEIGHT=378
BORDER=0><BR><BR><BR><BR>
</P>
<P>(c)2012 Brian Sidebotham<BR>(c)2012 KiCad Developers</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.3.2
Pliki opcjonalne:
meta/icon.png
A 64 x 64 pixel PNG icon file which is used as a clickable icon in the template selection dialog.
Any other image files used by meta/info.html, such as the image of the board file in the dialog above, are placed in this folder as
well.