REPORTED SPEECH mowa zależna TENSE

REPORTED SPEECH mowa zależna
TENSE
REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple
Past Simple
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Past Perfect
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Simple
Future in the Past
Future Continuous
Future Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect
Future Perfect in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
First conditional
Second Conditional
now
then
lots of
many
a little
any
today
that day
for ages
last week
tonight
that night
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
next week
the following week
yesterday
the day before / the previous day
3 days ago
3 days before
last month
the month before / the previous month
this
that
these
those
here
there
will
would
can
could
Future in the Past : would + I forma
Future Continuous in the Past : would + be + verb-ing
Future Perfect in the Past : would + have + III forma
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past : would + have + been + verb-ing
Mowa zależna służy głównie do relacjonowania wypowiedzi innych
osób np: On powiedział, że...
Zdania oznajmujące:
Present Simple
He says: "I do it."
He said that he did it.
Present Continuous
I am doing it .
He said he was doing it .
Present Perfect Simple
I have done it .
He said he had done it .
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been doing it .
He said he had been doing it .
Past Simple
I did it .
He said he had done it .
Past Continuous
I was doing it .
He said he had been doing it .
Past Perfect Simple
I had done it .
He said he had done it .
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been doing it .
He said he had been doing it .
Future simple
I will do it .
He said he would do it .
Future Continous
I will be doing it .
He said he would be doing it .
Future Perfect Simple
I will have done it .
He said he would have done it .
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been doing it .
He said he would have been doing it .
Łatwo zauważyć, że wymiana czasów następuje zawsze o jeden czas do tyłu co oznacza,
że czasy teraźniejsze zamieniają się w przeszłe, a czasy przeszłe w zaprzeszłe. Czasy
zaprzeszłe pozostają bez zmian gdyż nie mają już możliwożci cofnięcia.
Time expressions:
now - then
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
tomorrow - the next day
next e.g. Monday - the following Monday
last week - the previous week
two days ago - two days before
here - there
this - that
these - those
Zdania pytające:
Pytania ogólne w mowie zależnej poprzedzone są spójnikiem "if" lub "whether" i mają
szyk zdania oznajmującego.
PRZYKŁADY:
Is he going with us?
I asked if he was going with us.
I wanted to know whether he was going with us.
I was curious if he was going with us.
"Do you get up early?" - she asked me.
She asked me if I got up early.
"Has she come back yet? - she asked me.
She asked me if she had come back yet.
Analogicznie we wszystkich innych czasach.
Pytania szczegółowe w mowie zależnej rozpoczynają się od słówek pytających (what,
who, why itp.) i mają szyk zdania oznajmującego.
PRZYKŁADY:
What time do you get up every day?
I asked what time you got up every day.
I wanted to know what time you got up every day.
"Why did you behave like this last Monday?" - she asked me.
She asked me why I had behaved like this the pervious Monday.
"How much was this bike?" - she asked me.
She asked me how much that bike had been.
Zdania pytające:
Zdania rozkazujące w mowie zależnej są jedynym rodzajem zdań, w których nie stosuje
się wymiany czasów. Ma tutaj zastosowanie konstrukcja bezokolicznika, za pomocą
czasowników:
- tell sb to do sth
- ask sb to do sth
- order sb to do sth
- beg sb to do sth
PRZYKŁADY:
"Open the window!"
I asked you to open the window.
"Help me" - he said to her.
He told her to help him.
"Don't do it" - he said to me.
He said to me not to do it.
Zdania wykrzyknikowe:
Zdania wykrzyknikowe mają również szyk oznajmujący i następuje następstwo czasów.
PRZYKŁADY:
"What a lovely day it is today?" - he said.
He
exclaimed
remarked
expressed the surprise
greeted
"What a nice picture I have got!"
I exclaimed what a nice picture I had got.
What excellent meals she cooks"
I exclaimed what excellent meals she cooked.
what a lovely day it was that
day