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2012, nr 2 (9) Maägorzata Kowalska Instytut Informacji Naukowej i Bibliologii Uniwersytet Mikoäaja Kopernika w Toruniu e-mail: [email protected] Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek* ęėESZCZENIE: Ïä Ǧ ¸ ÏȂÏ ä Ȃ ä ¸ crowdsourcinguǤ Ǧ Ă ¸ ¦ ǤĂ ¦Ñ ǡ ¸ä ĂÏǦ Ï ǡ¸¸ ǡǤÏø ǡǦ Ï ×Ïä Ǥ őĔWĆ ĐLUCZĔWE: ǡ ǡ ǡ ¦ä© Ï Crowdsourcing, tj. czerpanie z mñdroĈci täumu W ʹǤͲǡ ¦ ä ǡ ¸ ¦ ×ÏÏǡ ÏĂ Ǥ¸Ǧ Ϧ ¸ Ǧ ȗ ϐ¦ ¦ ¸ Ï Ǥ Crowdsourcing in LibrariesǡÏ Ǧ ÏǷ×ϦĂǡǡ ǣ ȂȂǦ dzǡ ǡ× ¸ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ 100 Maägorzata Kowalska ä ǡ ¸©ǡ¦ ¸ ä × ×Ï× ×ȋǤprosumentȌǤ ä©Ǧ ä Ïϐ¸¸ Ï ×ǡĂ Ï Ǧ Ï ä Ǥ Ă ¦ × ¸Ï © Ă Ñϐ Ïäͳǡ ¦ä Ïϸ ¸Ă¦Ǧ ¦ Ǥ ʹͲͲǤä×Ă ×Ï Ă Ï¸crowdsourcingȋcrowdȂǤǷÏdzǢsourcingȂ ǤǷ Ā×ÏdzȌǤĂÏơ The Rise of CrowdsourcingǤäÏ Ă Ï ä ǡ ǡ ¸ä Ǧ ¦× ×Ïä Ǧ ¸ʹǤ ¦ ¸ Ï Ǧ ǡÏǡĂ ¦ä Ï ä¸Ï Ǧ ϐǡ ϐǦ Ǥ ¸ä ¸¸Ï ä©ǡ Ϧ ¸××ǡĂ ¸ ¦×ǡצ ¸ ¦Ñǡ ϐ Ǥ¸Ǧ ϐ ¦ ȋϐ¦Ā ȌǡĂ͵Ǥ Ï Ă Ăä Ï ¦ ¦ ¸ Ǧ ǡ×× Ïǣ Ȃ ¸ ¦ ȋǤ collective intelligenceǡ wisdom of the crowdȌȂ¦×ÏǡǤͻͻǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤ Ǣ Ȃ ä ÏȋǤcrowdcreationǡuser-generated ͳ ǤǡWspóÏtworzenie wartoäci z klientami zorientowane na innych klientówǡ ǷǦdzʹͲͳͳǡͳȋ͵ͺȌǡǤʹȂ͵Ǥ ʹ ǤǡThe Rise of CrowdsourcingǡǷdzȏǦȐʹͲͲǡǤͳͷǡǤȏ¸ ͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤ ȀȀ Ǧ ȀͳͶǤͲȀ ǤǤ ͵ ĂǤ Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek contentȌ– Ï× Ă× ×ǡ Ï ä ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡǢ Ȃ ¦Ñǡ ¦× ȋǤ crowdvotingȌǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡǤǤ Ǣ Ȃ Ï ä ȋǤ crowdfundingȌǡǤ Ǥ ǡǤ ǤǡǤ Ǣ Ȃ ¸ ȋǤ microworkȌ – ä¦ ¸ ÑÏæ ¸ Ǧ ×ǡǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͶǤ ǯ ¸Ï ¸ ×Ă Ǧ ä© Ǥ¸ä©×ÏÏäǦ Ï ×ǡ¦ Ǧ ǡϐ ¸¸ Ï×ȋǤǷdzÏ ¸ä©Ǧ Ï ǡ Ȃ¸ Ǧ ȌͷǤä×× ¸ Ǧ ×Ă Ï ¸ ǤǤ Ï ä ¦ Ïǡ ×Ï × Ǧ ×ǡ ¸¸ ͺǡ Ǧ ¸ ×Ăä ͻ ×ͳͲǤ ϐ Ͷ ĂǢ Ǥ ǡ Crowdsourcing. Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business ȏǦȐǤ ȏ¸͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣ ǣȀȀǤϐǤ ȀȀǦǦǦ ǤǤ ͷ Ǥ Ǥ ±Ǧǡ Ǥ Ǧ×ǦǦ ǡ Towards an integrated crowdsourcing deϔinitionǡǷ dzʹͲͳʹǡǤʹͲȋͳͲȌǡǤͳȂͳͶǤ Ǥ ǡǤǡTowards a Research Agenda for Enterprise crowdsourcingǡ ȏǣȐLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Veriϔication, and ValidationǡǤǤǦ ǡǤơǡȂʹͲͳͲǡǤͶʹͷȂͶ͵Ͷȋ Ǣ ͶͳͷȌǤ ǤǡǤǡǤǤǡCrowdsourcing systems on the World-Wide WebǡǷ dzʹͲͳͳǡǤͷͶǡǤͶǡǤͺȂͻǤ ͺ Ǥ ǡCrowdsourcing for enterprisesǡȏǣȐServices 2009: 2009 IEEE Congress on Services: Los Angeles, CA, 6–10 July 2009: proceedings, Part 1ǡǤǤǦǤǡ ǡ ǤʹͲͲͻǡǤͺȂͻʹǤ ͻ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Managing the Crowd: Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing ProcessesǡȏǣȐProceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Detroit, Michigan, August 4th–7th 2011ǡȂ ʹͲͳͳǡǤͳȂͳͳǤ ͳͲ ǤǤǡCrowdsourcing: A Model for Leveraging Online CommunitiesǤǣǦ 101 102 Maägorzata Kowalska × ǡæ Ă× Ǧ ǡÏǡĂ× Ǧ Ïǣ Ȃ ÏÏ ȋǤ inducement prize contestsȌȂÏ ×¦ĀÏǦ Ï×ä ǡ× × ¦ ϐǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǢ Ȃ × ȋǤ crowdpurchasingȌǡǤ ǤǢ Ȃ ȋǤimplicit crowdsourcingȌȂǦ ÏÑĂ× ȋ Ȍ ×Ă ÑͳͳǤ Ăä¦ ¦ ¸Ă Ǧ Ï ǡ Ï ¦ Ȃ Ï × ʹǤͲ Ǧ ä ͳʹ Ȃ Ăéæǡ¦ ¦ Ï ä ¦ǤĂ Ă©¦Ñ Ǥ×Ă ×Ï × Ï ä ǡ × ÏȂ ĂÏ ×Ȃ¦¸¦ǡæ¦Ǧ ä × ¦Ă¦ Ǧ Ï ȋǤtagȌǡ Ï×ÏÏǦ ×ȋϸĂȌ ¸ĂǡÏǡ Ǧ Ï ͳ͵Ǥ Ñ Ǧ ǡ׸¸ ǡǦ ϸ ȋ ¦ǡ ǤǤǤȏȐȏǦȐͳͺǤͲ͵ǤʹͲͳͳȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸Ǧ ǣǣȀȀǤϐǤǤ ȀʹͲͳͳȀͲ͵Ȁ̴Ǧ ̴ ǤǤ ͳͳ CrowdsourcingǤǣWikipedia, the free encyclopediaȏǦȐȏ¸͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ Ǥ ͳʹ OǤ ǡWykorzystanie koncepcji m¦droäci tÏumu do przyspieszenia tempa rozwoju technologicznegoǡǷǦdzʹͲͳͲǡͷȋ͵ȌǡǤͳǤ ͳ͵ ǤǡCrowdsourcing: How and Why Should Libraries Do It?ǡǷǦdz ȏǦȐʹͲͳͲǡǤͳǡǤ͵ȀͶȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ ͳͲȀȀͲ͵ǤǤǤ 103 Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek ©Ïæ ÏÏ ä ǡ¦Ă ×× ×Ȍǡ Ǧ ĂǤ ¦ ǡ Ïä© Ǧ ¦ͳͶǤ Zastosowanie crowdsourcingu ǡĂĂ©Ǧ ×Ă Ïä ǡ× Ǧ ǡ Ï ǤÏ ×Ï ää × Ǧ ǡÏæ Ï ǷdzͳͷǤĂ Ă ¦ ä ×Ăä Ǧ ǣ ȋǤ Ȍǡ ȋǤͶȌǡȋǤȌǡȋǤ ȌǡȋǤ ȌǡǦȋǤȌǡ¸ȋǤǦ Ȍ¸ȋǤȌǡʹǤͲȋǡ Ǧ ȌǤä× × ¦Ǧ ×Ă ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡ ȋ Ȍǡ ȋ Ǧ Ȍǡȋ Ȍǡæ ×ĂĂǦ × ǡǤǤÏä ϐ¸ȋǤǦ Ȍǡ × ȋǤ Ȍǡ × ȋǤ Ȍǡ × ȋǤ Ȍǡ × ȋǤ Ȍǡ × ȋǤ Ȍǡ×ȋǤȌǡĂ× Ǧ × ȋǤͶȌǡצ Ï× ȋǤ ȌǤĂ ä ǡǷdz ¦¦ ä©ĂǦ ϐǡǣȋǤ Ƭ ȌǡȋǤȌ ȋǤ ȌǤ ǤǤǡǤ Ǥ List of crowdsourcing projectsǤǣWikipedia, the free encyclopediaȏǦȐȏ¸ ͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ̴̴ ̴ Ǥ ͳͶ ͳͷ 104 Maägorzata Kowalska Crowdsourcing w bibliotekarstwie ¦ ¸ Ǥ Ăǡ צ ¸¦¦ ×ǡÏǦ ¦ ¦Ǥǡ ¦ ¸Ă Ï ǡ Ȃ¦ ä ĂǤ novumǤ Ă©¸×Ă Ï ×Ǧ ȋǡ ǡ× ¦ĂȌǡ ǡ¸ æ Ï ä©¦ ¦ צ ¸Ǧ ¦ Ϧ¦¸ǡ ¦¸Ǥ × Ǧ ¦Ǥ ʹͲͲȂʹͲͲͺǦ ȋǤ Ȍ Ï ¦¸¸¸ ǣǷ dzǷǦ dzǤ Ă Ï ¸© ¦ Ǥ Ǧ ¦ĂÏÏ©¸ ǡǦ ǣ ǷǦ dz Ƿǡ dzǤ ¸ × Ñϸ ǡ×Ǧ Ă ¸ ¦ ͷͲ ¦ ¸ ¦ × ǡ ¦ ȋǤ ǤȌǤ ʹͲͲͺǤ Ï×ǡ ¦ ͷͷǤ×ǡͳǤ ȋʹͲͳʹǤȌĂǦ ¦©¸ ¸ ǡ ×Ȃ×Ă Ȃ Ǧ ¦¸Ƿǣ dzͳǤ ǤǡǤ Ǥ ǤǡPictureAustralia and the ϔlickr EffectǤǷ dzȏǦȐʹͲͲǡ ǤͺͲȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤ ȀȀͳͳͻȀʹͲͲͲͷʹͶǦͲͲͲͲȀǤǤǤȀȀȀȀͺͲȀͲͳǤ ǢAustralian pictures in TroveȏǦȐǤȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤȀȀǦ ǦǦǤ ͳ ͳ Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek × ĂǦ × ϐ × ȋ ¦ ͳͺͲ͵ȂͳͻͷͶȌ ¦ ȋǤ Optical Character Recognitionǡ ǣ ȌǤ Ï ʹͲͲͺ Ǥǡ Ă ×Ā Ï ͳʹ Ǧ ¦ Ă×ͳͺǤ ¦Ï¦ ä ǣ¸ ¸ÏͺͲͲ×Ă ¸ ĂǦ ×ͳͻǤ Ï Ï×ǡ¸ ǡǦ ǡ×Ăǡ ʹͲͳʹǤ ÏͳͶͳʹͲǤ ¦ Ă ¦Ă Ǥ ʹͲͲͺǤ× Ǧ ¦ȋǤȌǷ ǣ dzǡ¸¦ ϐ ¸ צ Ăϐ ¸ ǡ× ¸ Ǥ ¸ ×Ă Ǧ ȂǷ dzǡÏæ ϐ ͺͺ ¸© ĂÏ ǡ ʹͲͳʹǤ¦ ǡà צǦ ϐ©¦ ϐ Ǥ¦Ǧ ȋͳͶͲǤäÑȌǡ Ǧ צ¸ʹͳǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Many Hands Make Light Work: Public Collaborative OCR Text Correction in Australian Historic NewspapersǡȏȐʹͲͲͻǡ¸Ă ǣ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀȀͳͲͲȀͳʹͻͲȀͳȀ̴̴ǤǢ Ăǡ How Good Can It Get? Analysing and Improving OCR Accuracy in Large Scale Historic Newspaper Digitisation ProgramsǤ ǷǦ dz ȏǦȐ ʹͲͲͻǡ Ǥ ͳͷǡ Ǥ ͵ȀͶ ȏ¸ ͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ ͲͻȀ ȀͲ͵ǤǤ ͳͻ Ï ȋʹ ʹͲͳʹ ǤȌ ͻͺ Ǥ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ×ǤǤContributeȏǦȐǤȏ¸͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤȀǤ ʹͲ Australian Newspaper Digitisation ProgramȏǦȐǤ ȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤȀȀǤ ʹͳ Civil War FacesȏǦȐǤ ȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ ǣǣȀȀǤϐ Ǥ ȀȀ̴̴ ȀȀʹͳͷʹͷͷʹͲʹͳͳͳͺͶȀǤ ͳͺ 105 ͳǤ Australian Historic NewspapersȂϦ }×ÏǣClassiϔied AdvertisingǡǷdzȋǡ ǤǣͳͺͶͺȂͳͻͷȌǡǦ ͳͶͳͻʹͲǡͳ͵ȏǦȐǤȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤǦ ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤȀȀȀ Ȁͳ͵ͻͺǤ ͳǤ Australian Historic NewspapersȂǤͳǦ Ă× }×ÏǣǷdzȋǡ ǤǣͳͺͶͺȂͳͻͷȌǡͳͶͳͻʹͲǡ ͳ͵ ȏǦȐǤ ȏ¸ ͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣǣȀȀǤǤǤȀȀȀ Ȁͳ͵ͻͺǤ Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek ʹǤ Civil War FacesȂÏϐϐ }×ÏǣȏUnidentiϔied soldier in Union uniform with musket and haversackȐ (LOC) ȏǦȐǤ ǣǯȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣ ǣȀȀǤϐ Ǥ ȀȀ̴̴ Ǧ ȀͷʹʹͺͷͷͷͲ͵ȀǤ ʹͲͳͳ Ǥ Ă ȋǤ Ȍ ×ǡ¦ Ǧ ǷǯdzǤ ¦ Ï© ͻǤ ǡ ϐ¦ Ǥ Ǧ ¸ǡ¸Ǧ Ă××ÑǤĂ ¦ ¸ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹǤ ¦¸Ǧ ×Ñͳͷ͵Ͳ ʹʹǤ ʹʹ What’s on the menuȏǦȐǤ ȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀǤ 107 108 Maägorzata Kowalska ͵Ǥ What’s on the menuȂæ ¸ }×Ïǣ Delmonicos ȏǦȐǤ ǯ Ǥ ȏ¸ ͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣ ǣȀȀǤǤ Ȁ̴ȀͺͳͺͳǤ ä ǡ Ǧ ȋ¦ ä©ϐ Ǧ Ï ä Ǧ ×ʹǤͲǡ × Ȍǡ ¸ ¦ ȋ © Ƿ¸× dz Ƿ¸dzȌǦ ȋ ¦Ă ¸ ä©Ï¦ ȌȂÏǤ © Ă Ǧ ä Ă×ǡ ϸ¦ä Ï×Ï©ǤǦ Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek ¸Ï × ʹ͵ Ï ÑǷdz c¦ ¸ ¦ ×Ï × ǡ¦ ¸ÏĂ©Ǧ ʹͶǤ ͶǤ Kujawsko-Pomorska Biblioteka CyfrowaȂ Ǧ }×Ïǣ Kujawsko-Pomorska Biblioteka Cyfrowa ȏǦȐ ȏ¸ ͵Ͳ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀ ǤǤȀȀǤ Regulamin konkursu na nazw¸ OddziaÏu dla Dzieci Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej w KrakowieȏǦȐǤ× ȏ¸͵ͲǦ ʹͲͳʹȐǤ ¸ ǣ ǣȀȀǤǤȀǦȀ Ǧ Ȁ͵ͺͻȀǤ ʹͶ Biblioteka czeka na pocztówkiǤǷ ÑdzȏǦȐǤͳʹ ʹͲͳʹǤ ȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤ ǤȀǦ Ǥǫα ̴ Ƭα ƬαͶ͵ͲΨ͵Ǧ ǦǦ Ǧ Ƭ αͳʹΨ͵ Ƭαͳ͵Ǣ W rodzinie najlepiejȏǦȐǤ c¦ ȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣ ǣȀȀǤǤǤȀǤǫαͳͶͲʹǤ ʹ͵ 109 110 Maägorzata Kowalska ¦©Ȃ ¸ä© ȂĂ Ǧ Ï䩦 ä Ñ Ă× ǡ× ×Ă©¸ ǡ Ǥ ¦ ͶǤͲ Ǧ ʹͲͲͺ Ǥ Ă Ă ¸ Ǧ ǡ ȋ ¦ΪΫȌǦ Ï ȋ ȌǤĂ ͷǤͲȋʹͲͳͲǤȌ Ï ä Ï Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ¸ Ï ×ͳͲ¸ ǡÏ ÏʹͷǤ Podsumowanie ä ä ¦ǡĂ ¦ ¦ ¦ǤæǦ Ï ä ǡ ¦ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ¦ä Ă×ȋǤÏǦ Ï ȌǡÏ ȋǤ ¦ĂÑ Ǧ Ȍ Ă×Ï×ä Ǧ ȋǤ ȌǡǦ ¦ ©¸Ǥ ȂĂǷ dzȂ©¸ Ǧ ǡ¦ Ǧ Ǥ¸¦ǣ Ȃ ¦©Ï ǡĂÏϸǢ Ȃ ¦©Ï × ǡ¸¦ÏǦ ϐǢ ʹͷ ǤǡWeb 2.0 i (polskie) biblioteki cyfroweǤǷdzȏǦȐʹͲͳʹǡ ʹȋͳʹͻȌȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸ǣǣȀȀǤǤ ȀȀȀȀͳʹͻȀͳʹͻ̴̴ǤǤ Wykorzystywanie koncepcji mñdroĈci täumu w dziaäalnoĈci bibliotek Ȃ ©Ï ä Ă×Ǧ ×ÏǢ Ȃ ©Ă׸©Ñ ×Ǣ Ȃ ©¸ǡ¸ä ĂǦ ×Ǣ Ȃ ϐ©ȋǤ×ȌǢ Ȃ ©ä© ȋǤ¸×ϐ Ǧ Ȍ¸©Ǧ ä©Ǣ Ȃ ¸©ä© ȋǤ Ǧ Ï ǡ ȌǢ Ȃ ©¸Ï¦Ă×Ǣ Ȃ ä©ĂÏ × Ï Ǣ Ȃ ©ä©Ă× Ǣ Ȃ Ï © × ä ʹǤ Ȃ Ñ Ǧ Ï ȋǤȌȂ Ǧ ¸¦©ǤĂǷ¸ȏȐ Ï ÏÑ Ï× Ñ Ïä Ǧ ǡ ¦äȏǥȐǦ Ïǡ׸¦ ©Ï ä ǡ ǡצ ¸ ǡȏȐǦ ȏ ȂǤǤǤȐʹǤͲǡ ¸ dzʹǤ ǤǡCrowdsourcing: How and Whyǥ Ƿ Ǧ ǤǦ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǡǦ Ǧ Ǥ ʹǤͲ ǡ dzǤǣǤǡCrowdsourcing and Library 2.0 ȏǦȐǤǦ Ȃȏ¸͵ͲʹͲͳʹȐǤ¸Ǧ ǣ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀ Ȁ ǦǦ ǦʹͲȀͳͶͺͷǤ ʹ ʹ 111 112 Maägorzata Kowalska The application of crowdsourcing conception in libraries ABSęėĆCę: Ȃ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ KEYWĔėDS: ǡ ǡ ǡ