REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH
Mowy zależnej (Reported / Indirect Speech) używamy chcąc przekazać czyjąś
wypowiedź nie cytując dokładnie tego co ta osoba powiedziała, ale przekazując treść tej
wypowiedzi.
PROŚBY (REQUESTS) I POLECENIA (ORDERS)
Przytaczając czyjąś prośbę stosujemy czasownik asked a następnie bezokolicznik z to
/ not to.
‘Could you open the door?’
She asked me to open the door.
‘Please, don’t forget to buy the flowers.’
Mary asked me not to forget to buy the flowers.
Przytaczając czyjeś polecenie stosujemy czasownik told a następnie bezokolicznik z
to / not to.
‘Don't make so much noise.’
He told me not to make so much noise.
‘Get out of my way!’
Mike told me to get out of his way.
ZDANIA TWIERDZĄCE (AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES) I
ZDANIA PRZECZĄCE (NEGATIVE SENTENCES)
W zdaniach twierdzących i przeczących następuje cofnięcie czasów o jeden, co
oznacza, że czasy teraźniejsze zamieniają się w przeszłe, a czasy przeszłe w zaprzeszłe. Czasy
zaprzeszłe pozostają bez zmian gdyż nie mają już możliwości cofnięcia.
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
(mowa niezależna)
(mowa zależna)
PRESENT SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
‘I want to see my grandparents tomorrow,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she wanted to see her grandparents
the next day.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
‘I am going to Liverpool next week,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she was going to Liverpool the
following week.
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
‘I have lived here my whole life,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had lived there her whole life.
Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta
1
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
‘I have been waiting for you,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had been waiting for him.
PAST SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT
‘I wanted to see my grandparents.’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had wanted to see her
grandparents.
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
‘I was going to Liverpool.’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had been going to Liverpool.
PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
‘I had met a lot of people.’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had met a lot of people.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
‘I had been waiting two hours,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she had been waiting two hours.
WILL / CAN / MAY / SHALL
WOULD / COULD / MIGHT / SHOULD
‘I will be waiting for Mark at the airport,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she would be waiting for Mark at the
airport.
“TO BE” GOING TO
“WAS / WERE “ GOING TO
‘I am going to visit my friends,’ said Jenny.
Jenny said that she was going to visit her friends.
1st CONDITIONAL
2nd CONDITIONAL
‘As soon as I am in London, I will give you a call,’ said
Jenny said that as soon she was in London, she
Jenny.
would give him a call.
Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta
2
ZDANIA PYTAJĄCE (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES)
Pytania w mowie zależnej zachowują szyk zdania oznajmującego! Ponadto, w
przypadku pytań rozpoczynających się od operatora – stosujemy if, a w pytaniach
szczegółowych przepisujemy zaimek pytający.
‘Did you play for your school football-team?’ asked Tim.
Tim asked me if I had played for my school football-team.
‘How long have you been working for this company?’ asked Tim.
Tim asked me how long I had been working for that company.
Zamiana przysłówków czasu i miejsca w zdaniach z mowy niezależnej na zdania w
mowie zależnej:
this
these
that
those
here
there
now
then / immediately
today
that day
tonight
that night
at the moment
at that moment
next week
the following week
tomorrow
the next (following) day
two days ago
two days before (earlier)
the day before yesterday
two days before
yesterday
the previous day / the day before
last week
the previous week / the week before
Poniżej lista czasowników i fraz wprowadzających zdania w mowie zależnej.
He said
told me
answered / replied
explained
added
admitted
informed me
thought
realized
knew
hoped
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
(that)...
He
asked me
told me
ordered me
instructed me
begged me
warned me
reminded me
advised me
Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
(not) to...
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He
asked (me)
wondered
wanted to know
knew
explained
told (me)
where/why/how long…
where/why/how long…
where/why/how long…
where/why/how long…
where/why/how long…
where/why/how long…
LET’S... / HOW ABOUT... / WHY DON’T WE...? / WHY NOT...?
‘Let's go to the cinema.’
He suggested going to the cinema.
‘Let's not go to the cinema.’
He was against going to the cinema.
‘How about going for a swim?’
He suggested going for a swim.
‘Why don't we stay at home?’
He suggested staying at home.
‘Why not play cards?’
He suggested playing cards.
HAD BETTER... / WHY DON’T YOU...?
‘I'd better go now.’
He said he'd better go (immediately).
‘You'd better wait.’
He advised me to wait.
‘You'd better not go there.’
He advised / warned me not to go there.
‘Why don't you apologize to her?’
He advised me to apologize to her.
WYKRZYKNIENIA (EXCLAMATIONS)
"What a stupid idea!"
He exclaimed that it was a stupid idea.
"Really?"
He expressed his surprise / disbelief.
"Thank you."
He thanked me.
"Congratulations."
He congratulated me.
"Liar!"
He called me a liar.
"Good luck!"
He wished me luck.
"Damn!"
He swore.
STOSOWANIE INFINITIVE ALBO GERUND ZAMIAST ‘HE SAID…’
"I'm not going to do it!"
He refused to do it.
"I can help you."
He offered to help me.
"I'm sorry I'm late."
He apologized for being late.
"You took the money!"
He accused me of taking the money.
"I didn't steal it!"
He denied stealing it.
"I stole the money."
He admitted stealing the money.
Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta
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