docZaangażowanie społeczne z perspeNtywy psychologicznej
download 
Reklamacja Transkrypt
Zaangażowanie społeczne z perspeNtywy psychologicznej
944:,,!;<.=!;""
>$(?,!"@A ..B!;<.!;""-"!. ;".
Psychologia Spo eczna
2016 tom 11 3 (38) 310–320
!!"#$%&'()*'
, 338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,
C
7,%6'0%6F+&E&,%0&1*$2$)(1786G
H$'$+3,I383J3=#*K(626E0F3
Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Wroc awski
L'+&FM5,73E(6'3,%$GN1($EOP,%0&1*$2$)(178O,>6J(8(1GN,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$P,F+Q'6,$>'QD8($8$,$>,7338=
)3D$E38(3,%0&1*$2$)(1786)$@,R,8(8(6G07&K,$%'31$E38(M,E&G3S8($8$,'QE8(6D,6E68+M3286,>&26K3+&,+6'K(8$=
2$)(1786,7E(O7386,7,7338)3D$E38(6K,0%$56178&K,(,G6)$,38)2$GN7&178&K(,$>%$E(6>8(F3K(@,/'76>0+3E($8$,
+3FD6,E&T'386,%0&1*$2$)(1786,E&783178(F(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,$,1*3'3F+6'76,%$2(+&178&K,(,%$K$=
1$E&K,$'37,73%'$%$8$E38$,06FE681&G8&,K$>62,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,E,%$K$1,(88&K@,U$>62,
E&K3)3,E6'&J(F31G(,E,T3>38(31*P,>23,F+Q'&1*,K$D6,0+38$E(V,MD&+6178O,'3KN,+6$'6+&178O@
45$E3,F2M17$E6?,zaanga!owanie spo eczneP zaufanieP poczucie w asnej skuteczno"ciP alienacja
C338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,G60+,%$>0+3EO,>7(35328$S1(,
'QD8$'$>8&1*,$')38(731G(?,J('KP,%3'+((,%$2(+&178&1*,$'37,
$')38(731G(,8$8=%'$J(+@,C,'31G(,>MD6)$,7831768(3,>23,0&0+6=
KQE,)$0%$>3'17&1*,(,%$2(+&178&1*,G60+,$8$,+6K3+6K,E(62M,
T3>3WP,'QE8(6D,E,%0&1*$2$)((@,:(8(6G07&,3'+&FM5,K3,>E3,
1626@,/(6'E07&,+$,0+E$'768(6,%0&1*$2$)(1786GP,%$GN1($E6G,
>6J(8(1G(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$@,H'M)(K,1626K,G60+,
%'6768+31G3,E&T'38&1*,%0&1*$2$)(178&1*,E&783178(FQE,
7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(,$'37,M>7(623=
8(3,%$K$1&,(88&K,2M>7($K@,4+'MF+M'3,3'+&FM5M,G60+,0%QG83,
7,F$26G8$S1(O,E&K(68($8&1*,162QE@
+,'-./0/12-3!$#4"52!2-6$#3$$!1$7/8$!2$#,9/*"-3!"1/
R,%$20F(6G,2(+6'3+M'76,%0&1*$2$)(1786G,8(6,E&%'31$E38$,
0%QG86G,>6J(8(1G(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$@,X+$D03K(3,
0(N,G6,17N0+$,7,3F+&E8$S1(O,0%$56178O,2MT,%3'+&1&%31GO,
%$2(+&178O,YZ6E(1F3P,-"";[,4F3'D&W0F3P,!<<<P,-""-\@,
H6J(8(MG6,0(N,G6,83,%$>0+3E(6,2(+6'3+M'&,0$1G$2$)(1786G,
(,%$2(+$2$)(1786GP,$%6'MGO1,%$GN1(3K(,>$+&17O1&K(,%$7($KM,
0%$561786)$P,G6>83F,>6J(8(1G3,%0&1*$2$)(1783,%$E(883,
$>8$0(V,0(N,>$,%$7($KM,G6>8$0+F$E6)$@,R,0$1G$2$)((,
H$'$+3,I383J3=#*K(626E0F3P,980+&+M+,/0&1*$2$)((P,X8(E6'0&+6+,
R'$153E0F(P,M2@,H3E(>3,!P,^"=^-A,R'$153EP,
6=K3(2?,>$'$+3@F383J3=1*K(626E0F3cME'@6>M@%2
(,%$2(+$2$)((,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,T3'>7$,17N0+$,G60+,
'$7%3+'&E386,E,83E(O738(M,>$,0%$56176W0+E3,$T&E3+62=
0F(6)$P,F3%(+35M,0%$561786)$,(,73MJ38(3,Y]$F3G5$P,-""![,
U6'+$8P,-""-[,/M+83KP,!<<^3P,!<<^TP,-""_[,47+$K%F3P,
-""-P,-""A\@,R6,E0%$K8(38&K,F$8+6FS1(6,%$>F'6S2386,
T&E3GO,+3FD6,86)3+&E86,30%6F+&,7338)3D$E38(3,E,E(N7(,
0%$561786,Y/M+83KP,!<<^3\@,C338)3D$E38(6,K$D6,'QE8(6D,
$783173V,T'3F,$T(6F+&E(7KM,Y`2(30P,-"" P,-"";\,2MT,0+3=
8$E(V,%'7&KM0,(8+6'3F1&G8&,Ya$JJK38P,-"".\@
R,%0&1*$2$)((,+6K3+,7338)3D$E38(3,T&E3,%$>6GK$E38&,
+&2F$,%'767,EO0F(6,)'$8$,3M+$'QE@,C37E&173G,$%(0&E38&,
G60+,83,K3')(860(6,(88&1*,7G3E(0FP,+3F(1*,G3F,3+'&TM1G3,
$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,YH$2(W0F(P,!<< 3\P,F$8+'$23,83>,T(6)(6K,
7>3'76W,YH$2(W0F(P,!<< T[,Z6E(1F3P,!<< \P,E&M17$83,T67=
'3>8$SV,YI$J+3P,4N>6FP,!<< [,4N>6FP,I$J+3P,!<< \P,K(5$SV,
YR$G1(07F6P,-""-P,-"".\,17&,E&1*$E38(6,Y#73%(W0F(P,
!<;"P,!<;^\@,]'3FMG6,G6>83F,2(+6'3+M'&,%0&1*$2$)(1786GP,
F+Q'3,E,168+'MK,>$1(6F3W,0+3E(353T&,7338)3D$E38(6,
G6>8$0+F(P,3,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,E,07176)Q28$S1(@,
b60+,+3F,%$K(K$,E3)(,+&1*,7G3E(0F,>23,(8>&E(>M3286)$,
(,7T($'$E6)$,D&1(3,G6>8$0+F(@
R,2(+6'3+M'76,%'76>K($+M,>$K(8MGO,$%6'31&G86,>6J(=
8(1G6,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$P,E,7E(O7FM,7,+&K,83,
MD&+6F,8(8(6G076G,%'31&,7$0+38(6,0J$'KM5$E383,>6J(8(1G3,
!"
#$%&'()*+,-"!.,/0&1*$2$)(3,4%$561783
,
CLL:aLdeRL:9`,4/ef`#C:`,C,/`g4/`IhiRi,/4i#jeZea9#C:`b,
%$GN1($E3@,C38(K,G6>83F,7$0+38(6,$F'6S2$86,06>8$,7338=
)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$P,E3'+$,$>8(6SV,0(N,>$,+6)$P,17&K,
7,%0&1*$2$)(1786)$,%M8F+M,E(>768(3,G60+,7338)3D$E38(6@,
/'7&GK(GK&P,D6, 7 33 8)3D$E 38( 6, G 60+ , 73 1*$E 38(6K,
MF(6'M8F$E38&K,83,162P,F+Q'6,%$>26)3,F$8+'$2(,
E $ 2 ( 1 G $ 8 3 2 8 6 GP, 8 ( 6 , E & 8 ( F 3 , 7 , 0 3 8 F 1 G ( , Y F M 2 + M ' $ =
E&1*P,J$'K328$%'3E8&1*P,(80+&+M1G$8328&1*\,(,K3,
M S E ( 3 > $ K ( $ 8 O , 2 M T , 8 ( 6 M S E ( 3 > $ K ( $ 8 O , E 3 ' + $ S V,
(80 + 'MK68+ 328 O ,>23, >7(3 53G O1 6)$,%$>K( $ +M@
`26K68+&,+6G,>6J(8(1G(,E&K3)3GO,MS1(S268(3@,/'767,731*$=
E 38(6, '$7MK(6,0(N,$T06'E$E328O,YJ(7&178O\,3F+&E8$SV,
%$>K($+M@,R,K&S2,73%'6768+$E386G,>6J(8(1G(,731*$E38(6K,
8(6,G60+,3F+&E8$SV,%$783E173,2MT,6K$1G$83283P,G6D62(,
8(6,K$D83,G6G,M,%$>K($+M,73$T06'E$E3V@, # 6 2 $ E $ S V,
E,+&K,%'7&%3>FM,$T6GKMG6,'QE8(6D,>7(3538(3,+EQ'176P,
+7E@,%3'3162$E6P,F+Q'6,%'767,8(6F+Q'&1*,3M+$'QE,8(6,0O,
732(17386,>$,>7(353W,162$E&1*,Y%$'@,Z6E(1F3P,!<< \P,K(K$,
D6,3F+&E8$SV,%3'3+62(1783,G60+,MF(6'M8F$E383,83,162P,G3F(K,
G60+,%$07MF(E38(6,8$E$S1(,(,730F$1768(3,Y%$'@,:N1F3P,
-"" [,:N1F3P,e'761*$E0F(P,453T$07P,47&KM'3P,-"";\@,
C)$>8(6,7,%'76>0+3E($8O,>6J(8(1GO,7338)3D$E38(6K,8(6,
G60+,>7(3538(6,E&KM07$86,038F1G3K(P,)>&D,K3,$8$,T&V,
>$T'$E$286@,/$>F'6S23,+$,68>$)688$SV,7338)3D$E38(3@,
b6>83F,731*$E38(6,+$,K3,>23,%$>K($+M,E3'+$SV,(80+'M=
K68+328O,Y73K(6'73,%'767,8(6,1$S,$0(O)8OVP,G60+,$8$,S'$>=
F(6K,>$,7>$T&1(3,G3F(6)$S,(886)$,>$T'3\P,F+Q'3,K$D6,T&V,
MSE(3>3K(383,TO>k,8(6@,/'7&F53>$E$P,>23,3'+&0+&P,F+Q'6)$,
1626K,G60+,83K32$E38(6,$T'37MP,MSE(3>3K(38O,E3'+$SV,
(80+'MK68+328O,K$D6,0+38$E(V,FE$+3P,73,F+Q'O,)$,0%'76>3@,
:3+$K(30+,8(6MSE(3>3K(38O,E3'+$S1(O,(80+'MK68+328O,E,+&K,
%'7&%3>FM,TN>7(6,83T&1(6,$T'37M,%'767,F$26F1G$86'3P,F+Q'&,
%$0(3>3,>7(653,07+MF(,83GT3'>7(6G,M7838&1*,3'+&0+QEP,1$,
%$7E323,E0%$K8(386KM,K323'7$E(,732(17&V,0(N,>$,+6)$,
62(+3'86)$,)'$83@
H$$F'6S268(6,%$GN1(3,7338)3D$E38(3,7,%6'0%6F+&E&,
%0&1*$2$)(1786G,%$7E323,+6'37,7>6J(8($E3V,(8+6'60MGO16,
830,%$GN1(6@,C338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,G60+,731*$=
E 3 8 ( 6 K , M F ( 6 ' M 8 F $ E 3 8 & K , 8 3 , 1 6 2 , % $ E ( O 7 3 8 &,
7, 1626K , ) 'M%&, E +Q' 86GP, F+Q' 6, %$>26 )3, F $8 +' $ 2(,
E $ 2 ( 1 G $ 8 3 2 8 6 GP, 8 ( 6 , E & 8 ( F 3 , 7 , 0 3 8 F 1 G ( , Y F M 2 + M ' $ =
E & 1 *P, J $ ' K 3 2 8 $ % ' 3 E 8 & 1 *P, ( 8 0 + & + M 1 G $ 8 3 2 8 & 1 *\,
(,K3,MSE(3>$K($8O,2MT,8(6MSE(3>$K($8O,E3'=
+$SV, (80+'MK68+328O, >23, >7(353GO16)$, %$>K($=
+ M@ /'767,)'M%&,E+Q'86,'$7MK(6,0(NP,„+3F(6P,F+Q'6,2(17O,
E(62M,175$8FQEP,E,E(NF07$S1(,E73G6K8(6,38$8(K$E&1*P,
%$K(N>7&,F+Q'&K(,731*$>7O,0J$'K32(7$E386,(,%$S'6>8(6,
0+$0M8F(,'632(7MGO16,0(N,E,E&0$16,E&0%61G32(7$E38&1*,
'6231G31*l,Y73?,47+$K%F3,-""-P,0@,--_\@,H$,)'M%,E+Q'8&1*,
8326DO,K@(8@,)'M%&,73E$>$E6,2MT,$')38(731G6,0%$561786,
'QD86)$,+&%M@
!!,
/'76>0+3E($8O,>6J(8(1GN,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,
E3'+$,7(2M0+'$E3V,%'7&F53>3K(@,b6D62(,1626K,>7(353GO16)$,
%$>K($+M,G60+,%'7&8326D8$SV,>$,$')38(731G(,'62()(G86GP,+$,
5O17&,0(N,$83,7,1626K,$E6G,$')38(731G(P,G3F(K,G60+,8%@,7)'$=
K3>768(6,G3F,83G2(178(6G076G,)'M%&,E(6'8&1*@,b6>8$176S8(6,
MSE(3>$K($8O,E3'+$SV,(80+'MK68+328O,>23,%$>K($+M,K$D6,
0+38$E(V,73%6E8(38(6,7T3E(68(3,0E$G6G,>M07&P,3,8(6=
MSE(3>$K($8O,K$D6,T&V,730%$F$G68(6,%$+'76T&,3J(2(31G(@,
a>&,F+$S,8(6$>%53+8(6,%$SE(N13,0EQG,1730,$')38(731G(,
*MK38(+3'86GP,G60+,+$,7T(6D86,7,1626K,+6G,$')38(731G(P,17&2(,
%$0(3>38(6K,F$26G86)$,E$2$8+3'(M073@,R,+&K,%'7&%3>FM,
MSE(3>$K($8O,E3'+$S1(O,(80+'MK68+328O,K$D6,T&V,8(6=
0(68(6,%$K$1&,(88&KP,3,8(6MSE(3>$K($8O,8%@,K$D2(E$SV,
%$0+'76)38(3,0(6T(6,G3F$,>$T'6)$,2MT,E(62F$>M0786)$@,
/'7&8326D8$SV,>$,0+$E3'7&0768(3,%$2(+&1786)$,5O17&,0(N,
7,1626K,$E6)$,0+$E3'7&0768(3P,F+Q'&K,G60+,%$0(3>38(6,G3F,
83GE(NF076G,2(17T&,175$8FQEP,1$,7E(NF073,07380N,'632(731G(,
$F'6S2$8&1*,162QE,%$2(+&178&1*@,XSE(3>$K($8O,E3'+$S1(O,
(80+'MK68+328O,K$D6,T&V,K$D2(E$SV,%$7838(3,%$2(+&FQE,
7,%(6'E07&1*,0+'$8,)376+P,3,8(6MSE(3>$K($8O,>OD68(6,>$,
7>$T&1(3,E53>7&,(,%$%M23'8$S1(@
H$$F'6S23GO1,>6J(8(1GNP,8326D&,7378317&VP,D6,+6'K(8,
7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,T&E3,E,%0&1*$2$)((,(,83MF31*,
0%$56178&1*,MD&E38&,73K(688(6,7,+3F(K(,$F'6S268(3K(P,
G3F,3F+&E8$SV,0%$561783,17&,%3'+&1&%31G3@,R,GN7&FM,
38)(620F(K,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,+$,8(6,+&2F$,social
involvementP,2617,'QE8(6D,civic involvementP,social commitmentP,civic,commitmentP,social engagement,(,civic
engagement@,C338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,E,'$7MK(68(M,
%'7&GN+&K,83,%$+'76T&,3'+&FM5M,G60+,E,%0&1*$2$)(1786G,
2(+6'3+M'76,38)2$GN7&1786G,83G17NS1(6G,+5MK317$86,G3F$,
social involvement@,h6'K(8,social activity,E $%(0&E3=
8&K,F$8+6FS1(6,%$G3E(3,0(N 8(6K32,+3F,03K$,17N0+$P,G3F,
social involvementP,1*$V,G60+,8(61$,$)Q28(6G07&@,e>8$0(,
0(N,$8,T$E(6K,>$,7338)3D$E38(3,E,)'M%31*,E+Q'8&1*,
$'37,>$,E0762F(6G,3F+&E8$S1(,0%$561786GP,8%@,F$8+3F+QE,
7,'$>7(8O,2MT,783G$K&K(,Y%$'@,`(>6P,g$&03KTP,-""-[,j(22P,
j6'K38=4+3*2P,-""-[,4+6)6'P,I30*>38P,-""<[,R3+0$8P,
#23'FP,U198+&'6P,j3K3F6'P,!<<-\@,eF'6S268(6,partycypacja,
E&0+N%MG6,83G17NS1(6G,E,2(+6'3+M'76,%$2(+$2$)(1786G,(,0$1G$=
2$)(1786G,$>8$S8(6,>$,0J6'&,%$2(+&1786G,2MT,7338)3D$E38(3,
$T&E3+620F(6)$@,/$>$T8(6,G60+,7,E&K(68($8&K(,+6'K(83K(,
73E(6'3GO1&K(,%'7&K($+8(F,civic $'37,76,0J$'KM5$E38(6K,
social engagement,Y%$'@,j3'E$$>P,/$M8>P,`T'3*(KP,-"""[,
41*$J6'P,m$M'13>6=a$M'(81*30P,-""![,4$TF$E(3FP,!<<.[,
h$'86&=/M'+3P,LK3>6$P,-"" \@,/$GN1(6,social commitment,
>6J(8(MG6,0(N,8(6F(6>&,G3F$,%$17M1(6,$T$E(O7FM,(,$>%$=
E(6>7(328$S1(,73,>$T'$0+38,(88&1*,$0QT,(,076'$F$,%$GN+6G,
0%$56178$S1(P,7,F+Q'O,0(N,G6>8$0+F3,F$8+3F+MG6,Y%$'@,a3K0$8P,
!<<![,I622&P,!<;<\@
!-,
HegehL,IL:LmLn#jU9`Z`R4IL
4F3'D&W0F3,Y-""^\,$>'QD8(3,7338)3D$E38(6,%$2(+&1786,
$>,3F+&E8$S1(,2MT,M1760+8(1+E3,E,%$2(+&16@,/'76>0+3E(3,G6,
G3F$,%$GN1(6,076'076P,$>8$07O16,0(N,8(6,+&2F$,>$,731*$E3WP,
326,'QE8(6D,>$,%$7838(3,(,6K$1G(@,b6>83F,E,8(8(6G076G,%'31&,
+6'K(8,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,G60+,M783E38&,73,'QE8$=
783178&,7,+3F(K(,$F'6S268(3K(P,G3F,3F+&E8$SV,0%$561783,
2MT,$T&E3+620F3,TO>k,%3'+&1&%31G3@,C3K(688$SV,+&1*,%$GNV,
E&>3G6,0(N,M7303>8($83,7,F(2FM,%$E$>QE@,/$,%(6'E076P,
+'M>8$,$>8$0(V,0(N,>$,75$D$86G,3F+&E8$S1(,175$E(6F3P,3,+3FO,
8(6EO+%2(E(6,G60+,3F+&E8$SV,0%$561783P,(,E&F2M173VP,D6,
+$E3'7&07O,G6G,%'$160&,%$783E176,$'37,6K$1G6,Y%$'@,C3260F(P,
!<<!\@,/$,>'M)(6P,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,K$D6,K(6V,
'QD86,83+ND68(6@,/$07176)Q286,+&%&,731*$E3W,K$D83,
M%$'7O>F$E3V,83,F$8+(8MMK,$>,83GT3'>7(6G,>$,83GK8(6G,
38)3DMGO1&1*P,G6>83F,TN>O,$86,%'7&F53>3K(,7338)3D$=
E38(3,0%$561786)$,Y%$'@,Z386P,!<^<\@,/$,+'761(6P,FE60+(O,
MK$E&,G60+,%'7&%$'7O>F$E38(6,+6)$,03K6)$,7831768(3,
F(2FM,$F'6S268($KP,$,(26,0O,$86,E,2(+6'3+M'76,0&8$8(K3K(@,
b3F,83%(038$,E176S8(6GP,+6'K(8&,+3F(6,G3F,3F+&E8$SV,
0%$561783,17&,$T&E3+620F3,2MT,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,
17N0+$,E&0+N%MGO,E,2(+6'3+M'76,%'76>K($+M,73K(688(6P,
1*$V,o,1$,'QE8(6D,E176S8(6G,E0%$K8(38$,o,7>3'73GO,0(N,
8(6F(6>&,%'7&%3>F(,(1*,0+$0$E38(3,E,73END$8&K,7831768(M,
Y%$'@,U6'+$8P,-""-\@
:326D&,'$70+'7&)8OV,G607176,G6>8O,EO+%2(E$SVP,K(3=
8$E(1(6,17&K,'QD8(,0(N,7338)3D$E38(6,%0&1*$2$)(1786,
Ypsychological involvement\,$>,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$5617=
86)$@,/'767,7338)3D$E38(6,%0&1*$2$)(1786,'$7MK(6,0(N,
3F+&E8$SV,6K$1G$8328O,(,%$783E17O,%$>K($+M,YH$2(W0F(P,
-"""\@,:3E6+,G6S2(,$>8$0(,0(N,$8$,>$,0%'3E,0%$56178&1*P,
8%@,F+$S,K&S2(,$,0&+M31G(,E,%3'+((,%$2(+&1786GP,>$,F+Q'6G,
8326D&,(,$>17ME3,75$SVP,+$,7)$>8(6,7,%'7&GN+O,E,8(8(6G=
076G,%'31&,>6J(8(1GO,8(6,G60+,+$,7338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786@,
I3+6)$'(3,7338)3D$E38(3,%0&1*$2$)(1786)$,8(6,0%658(3,
T$E(6K,E07&0+F(1*,E3'M8FQE,>6J(8(1&G8&1*,7338)3D$=
E38(3,0%$561786)$P,%'76>6,E07&0+F(K,73S,8(6,E&0+N%MG6,
731*$E38(6P,F+Q'6,G60+,E(>$1786,>23,$T06'E3+$'3@,R3'+$,
'QE8(6D,7378317&VP,D6,F3+6)$'(3,7338)3D$E38(3,%$2(+&17=
86)$,%$G3E(3,0(N,E,%'3131*,>$+&17O1&1*,%3'+&1&%31G(,
%$2(+&1786G,(,G60+,>6J(8($E383,G3F$,076'$F$,%$GK$E386,
73(8+6'60$E38(6,%$2(+&FO,Y%$'@,g$T(80$8P,b6''$2>P,I68>'3,
!<.;[,p6'T3P,:(6P,!<A-\P,1$,7'607+O,$>'QD8(3,+$,%$GN1(6,$>,
%3'+&1&%31G(,Y%$'@,p6'T3P,:(6P,!<A-\@
/$E&D6G,0J$'KM5$E38$,%$GN1($EOP,%0&1*$2$)(178O,>6,=
J(8(1GN,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$P,%$8(6E3D,E,2(+6'3+M'76,
>$K(8MGO,>6J(8(1G6,$,1*3'3F+6'76,$%6'31&G8&K@,/$83>+$,
E&G3S8($8$,6E68+M3286,>&26K3+&,%$GN1($E6,7E(O,7, 386,7,+6'=
K(86K,zaanga!owanie spo eczne,(,G6)$,38)2$,,GN7&178&K(,
$>%$E(6>8(F3K(@,R3'+$,'QE8(6D,%$>F'6S2(VP,D6,7338)3D$E3=
8(3,0%$561786)$,8(6,8326D&,M+$D03K(3V,7,7338)3D$E38(6K,
%0&1*$2$)(178&K@
:';%$!"#9,'-./0/12-3!"#8'3!$-3!2(2#
3$$!1$7/8$!2$#,9/*"-3!"1/
R,+6G,17NS1(,3'+&FM5M,7$0+38O,%'76>0+3E($86,7K(6886,%0&=
1*$2$)(1786P,F+Q'6,E,2(+6'3+M'76,%'76>K($+M,0O,%'76>0+3E(386,
G3F$,F2M17$E6,E&783178(F(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,
E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(,$'37,M>7(6238(3,%$K$1&,(88&K,2M>7($K@,
R,8(8(6G076G,%'31&,+6'K(8,zaanga!owanie spo eczne#TN>7(6,
MD&E38&,73K(688(6,7,+3F(K(,%$GN1(3K(P,G3F#aktywno"#
obywatelska,(,partycypacja@
b3F$,E&783178(F(,3F+&E8$S1(,0%$561786GP,7E5307173,
%$2(+&1786GP,0O,E&K(68(386?,%$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,
E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(P,73MJ38(6,Y#'3()P,:(6K(P,4(2q6'P,!<<"[,Z386P,
!<^<[,U(2T'3+*P,a$62P,!<AA\P,K$+&E31G3,6J6F+&E8$S1($E3,
YH6#*3'K0P,!<; [,R*(+6P,!<^<\,%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(,E,0J6=
'76,0%$56178$=%$2(+&1786G,Ya'7623FP,-"";\,$'37,32(6831G3,
Y98)26*3'+P,!<;![,I$'768($E0F(P,!<<!\@
/$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(,K$D83,
%$>7(62(V,83,E6E8N+'786,(,76E8N+'786@,/(6'E076,$>8$0(,0(N,
>$,%'76F$83W,G6>8$0+F(,$,G6G,F$K%6+681G31*,%$7E323GO1&1*,
6J6F+&E8(6,%3'+&1&%$E3V,E,D&1(M,%$2(+&178&K@,C6E8N+'786,
%$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(,>$+&17&,
%'76F$83W,$,'60%$80&E8$S1(,M0+'$GM,%$2(+&1786)$,$'37,
'60%$80&E8$S1(,M'7N>8(FQE,'7O>$E&1*,E$T61,E&K3)3W,
$T&E3+62(,Y#'3(),(,(8@P,!<<"\@,4FM+6178$SV,M0+'$GM,%$2(+&17=
86)$,Yregime-based efficacy\,$783173P,D6,F$8E681G$83286,
7303>&,(,%'$16>M'&,05MDO16,F07+35+$E38(M,%$2(+&F(,E0%(6=
'3GO,3F+&E8$SV,$T&E3+62(P,17&2(,)686'$E38(6,%'767,8(1*,
EF53>QE,Yinputs\,>$,0&0+6KM,%$2(+&1786)$@,4FM+6178$SV,
M'7N>8(FQE,'7O>$E&1*,Yincumbent-based efficacy\,G60+,
0FM+F(6K,(1*,K$+&E31G(,(,MK(6GN+8$S1(P,05MDO1&1*,0%658(38(M,
E&K3)3W,$T&E3+62(@
C3MJ38(6,E$T61,'7O>7O1&1*,$>8$0(,0(N,>$,M0+'$GM,%$2(=
+&1786)$,(,M'7N>8(FQE,'7O>$E&1*@,C3MJ38(6,E$T61,M0+'$GM,
%$2(+&1786)$,Yregime-based trust\P,(83176G,7E386,%$%3'=
1(6K,'$7%'$07$8&K,2MT,%$%3'1(6K,M$)Q28($8&K,Ydiffuse
support\P,G60+,7E(O7386,7,%$17M1(6K,%'7&E(O738(3,>$,
0&0+6KM,%$2(+&1786)$,(,F$80+&+M1G$83286)$,%$'7O>FM@,
C3MJ38(6,>$,M'7N>8(FQE,'7O>$E&1*,Yincumbent-based trust\,
5O17&,0(N,7,%'76F$838(6KP,D6,E&8(F(,Youtputs\P,F+Q'6,$8(,
E&%'31MGOP,TN>O,E&>3G86P,M171(E6,(,0%'3E(6>2(E6,Y#'3(),
(,(8@P,!<<"\@,C>38(6K,L2K$8>3,(,p6'T&,Y!<. \,$)Q28&,
%$7($K,73MJ38(3,0%$561786)$,783G>MG6,$>7E(6'1(6>268(6,
E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(@,]3>3176,D&1(3,0%$561786)$,%$>F'6S23GOP,
D6,F2(K3+,73MJ38(3,8326D&,>$,%$>0+3E$E&1*,E53S1(E$S1(,
>6K$F'31G(,(,0%$56176W0+E3,$T&E3+620F(6)$,Y98)26*3'+P,
!<;;[,/3''&P,!<A.\@,C3MJ38(6,M1*$>7(,'QE8(6D,73,(0+$+8&P,
1*$V,7>38(6K,47+$K%F(,Y-""A\,MF'&+&,E&K(3',F3%(+35M,
FM2+M'$E6)$P,1*3'3F+6'&7MGO1&,)'M%&,E&0$F(6)$,0+3+M0M@,
b60+,$8$,'QE8(6D,M783E386,73,G6>8$,76,k'Q>65,F3%(+35M,
0%$561786)$,Y/$'+60P,468068T'6886'P,!<< [,/M+83KP,!<<^T\@,
R,2(+6'3+M'76,%$>F'6S23,0(N,7E(O76F,73MJ38(3,7,03+&0J3F1GO,
CLL:aLdeRL:9`,4/ef`#C:`,C,/`g4/`IhiRi,/4i#jeZea9#C:`b,
,
7,D&1(3,Y98)26*3'+P,R62762P,-"" \,$'37,+3F(K(,E3'+$S1(3K(,
%$0+K3+6'(32(0+&178&K(P,G3F,E0%Q28$+3P,0$2(>3'8$SV,(,*3'=
K$8(3,E,F$8+3F+31*,(8+6'%6'0$8328&1*,Y47+$K%F3P,-""A\@
/$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,E,0J6'76,%$2(+&F(,7$0+35$,
0+$0M8F$E$,076'$F$,$%(0386,E,%0&1*$2$)((,(,%$F'6E8&1*,
83MF31*,0%$56178&1*@,:(61$,(83176G,G60+,7,73MJ38(6KP,
F+Q'6,E6,E0%Q5176086G,2(+6'3+M'76,%0&1*$2$)(1786G,8(6,G60+,
+3F,17N0+$,$T6186P,G3F,E,%MT2(F31G31*,0$1G$2$)(178&1*,2MT,
%$2(+$2$)(178&1*@,rE(3>17O,$,+&K,K@(8@,E&8(F(,E&07MF(=
E38(3,+6)$,+6'K(8M,8%@,E,626F+'$8(178&1*,T3731*,1730$=
%(0K,Y)5QE8(6,38)2$GN7&178&1*\,2MT,E,%$20F(6G,2(+6'3+M'76,
7,73F'60M,%0&1*$2$)((,0%$561786G,(,%$2(+&1786G@,R3'+$,G6>83F,
7378317&VP,D6,$>,23+,."@,>$,%$5$E&,23+,;"@,ss,E(6FM,+6K3=
+&F3,73MJ38(3,T&53,%$>6GK$E383,E,%0&1*$2$)((@,C3GK$E35,
0(N,8(O,K@(8@,g$++6',Y!<.A\P,3M+$',%$%M23'86G,E,T3>38(31*,
3K6'&F3W0F(1*,0F32(,>$,K(6'768(3,73MJ38(3@,C>6J(8($E35,$8,+N,
7K(688O,G3F$,t$176F(E38(6,G6>8$0+F(P,TO>k,)'M%&P,D6,K$D83,
%$26)3V,83,$T(6+8(1&P,05$E8&K,2MT,%(06K8&K,$SE(3>1768(M,
(886G,G6>8$0+F(,2MT,)'M%&l,Yg$++6'P,!<.AP,0@,.^!\@
]$)>38,R$G1(07F6P,G6>68,7,8(6E(62M,%$20F(1*,%0&1*$=
2$)QE,>$$F'6S23GO1&,E,0E$(1*,%'3131*,%$GN1(6,73MJ38(3P,
T37MG6,83,>6J(8(1G(,U$'+$83,H6M+01*3@,C)$>8(6,7,8(O,73MJ3=
8(6,G60+,tM$)Q28($8&K,$176F(E38(6KP,D6,%3'+86',TN>7(6,
0+3'35,0(N,+'$0717&V,$,83076,>$T'$,(,83076,%$+'76T&,+3F,+6'37P,
G3F,(,E,%'7&075$S1(l,YH6M+01*P,!<A P,73?,R$G1(07F6P,-""-P,
0@, "-\@,H$,TM>$E&,73MJ38(3,%$+'76T3,%'76SE(3>1768(3P,
D6,731*$E38(6,%3'+86'3,G60+,%'76E(>&E3286P,)>&,)$,T'3F,
%$G3E(3GO,0(N,8(6%6E8$SVP,2NF,(,8(6MJ8$SV@,I$26G8&,626K68+,
73MJ38(3,$>8$0(,0(N,>$,161*,%3'+86'3,SE(3>17O1&1*,$,+&KP,
D6,G60+,$8,)$>8&,73MJ38(3P,161*P,F+Q'6 7$0+35&,M0+32$86,
83,%$>0+3E(6,E176S8(6G07&1*,G6)$,731*$E3W@,h'761(K,
F$80+&+M+&E8&K,17&88(F(6K,G60+,E(3'3,E,8(67K(688$SV,
$E&1*,161*,YR$G1(07F6P,-"".\@
/$20F(,0$1G$2$),/($+',47+$K%F3,%$SE(N1(5,73MJ38(M,G6>8O,
76,0E&1*,K$8$)'3J((@,C>6J(8($E35,E,8(6G,E0%$K8(38O,
7K(688OP,%$>F'6S23GO1P,D6,5O17&,0(N,$83,7,>7(3538(6KP,
F+Q'6KM,+$E3'7&07O,8(6%6E8$SV,(,T'3F,F$8+'$2(,Y47+$K%F3P,
-""A\@,b6)$,7>38(6KP,73MJ38(6,K3,1*3'3F+6',73F53>M,%$>6G=
K$E386)$,E,0+$0M8FM,>$,%'7&075&1*,>7(353W,(88&1*,2M>7(P,
F+Q'6,K3GO,8(6%6E8&,1*3'3F+6'@ 4F53>3GO,0(N,83,8(6,>E3,
626K68+&?,%'76F$838(6,$'37,(1*,E&'3D68(6,E,%'3F+&16@,/'7&,
17&K,K$D83,KQE(V,$,73MJ38(MP,)>&,>7(3538(3,(88&1*,$F'6S23,
0(N,G3F$,F$'7&0+86,>23,G6>8$0+F(,(,ME7)2N>8(3GO16,G6G,(8+6'60@,
/'761(E(6W0+E6K,73MJ38(3,G60+,8(6MJ8$SV@,:3+$K(30+,T'3F,
73MJ38(3,+$,T'3F,%'76F$83W,83,+6K3+,%'7&075&1*,>7(353W,
(88&1*,2M>7(P,73'QE8$,+&1*,$,1*3'3F+6'76,%$7&+&E8&KP,G3F,
+6D,86)3+&E8&K@,g&7&F$,5O17O16,0(N,7,t73F53>6Kl,$>8$07O=
1&K,0(N,>$,>7(353W,(88&1*,7326D&,$>,%'3E>$%$>$T(6W0+E3,
E&0+O%(68(3,>7(353W,%$7&+&E8&1*,2MT,86)3+&E8&1*,$'37,
0+3EF(,E&)'386G,2MT,0+'3+&,Y47+$K%F3P,-""A\@
U(2T'3+*,(,a$62,Y!<AA\,$%(032(,7338)3D$E38(6,%$2(=
+&1786,G3F$,JM8F1GN,%$17M1(3,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,$'37,
M$)Q28($86)$,73MJ38(3,>$,S'$>$E(0F3,%$2(+&1786)$@,91*,
7>38(6K,E&0$F(6,%$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,%$5O17$=
86,7,E&0$F(K,73MJ38(6K,$E$1MG6,3F+&E8O,%3'+&1&%31GO,
F$8E681G$8328O@,a>&,73S,E0%Q5E&0+N%MG6,$8$,7,8(0F(K,
73MJ38(6KP,%$E$>MG6,'3>&F32(731GN,>7(353W,(,%$G3E(68(6,
0(N,8(6F$8E681G$83286)$,M1760+8(1+E3,E,%$2(+&16@,b6S2(,
G6>8$0+F(,$,8(0F(K,%$17M1(M,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,MJ3GOP,+$,
%3'+&1&%MGOP,E&F$8MGO1,F$8E681G$83286P,'&+M3286,73>38(3,
$,8(6E(62F(K,0+$%8(M,+'M>8$S1(@,R,%'7&%3>FM,8(0F(6)$,
73MJ38(3P,$0$T&,+6,0+3GO,0(N,T(6'86,Y%$'@,+3T623,!\@
/$>0MK$EMGO1,>$+&1*1730$E6,'$7E3D38(3P,8326D&,73783=
17&VP,D6,E6E8N+'786,%$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,G60+,
F$8J'$8+$E386,7,$176F(E38(3K(,1$,>$,E&8(FQE,%238$=
E386)$,>7(3538(3@,:3E6+,%'7&,E&0$F(K,E6E8N+'78&K,
%$17M1(M,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,3F+&E8$SV,K$D6,8(6,>$GSV,
>$,0FM+FM@,]N>7(6,+$,K(35$,K(6G016,E+6>&P,)>&,G6>8$0+F3,
M783P,D6,%'3E>$%$>$T(6W0+E$,E&0+O%(68(3,%$DO>386)$,
%'767,8(O,E&8(FM,G60+,8(0F(6,Y41*M27P,-""^\@
R(62M,2M>7(,161*MG6,K$+&E31G3,6J6F+&E8$S1($E3,YR*(+6P,
!<^<\P,>23+6)$,>ODO,>$,F$8+'$2(,83>,7>3'768(3K(P,1*1O,T&V,
h3T623,!
Partycypacja polityczna jako funkcja poczucia w asnej skuteczno"ci i zaufania
!"#!$%&
,*-."-%&/'0!)$&1/
)+"2&-.$*3-%
'()*+%&
$%)+%&
'()*+%&
4!52(-(4!-1!/+*$'&$-1*$!6$!7/08-.8-!/)%9/./!+2('$*3-%8/ 4!52(-(4!-1!/$%&+*$'&$-1*$!6$!/6":/5!;(+!6$&/
%/6*1!6$*3-%8
;.%!0!$%!/<%&).-.8-&/)%9/'/5!<!-=/4!52(-(4!-1%/
+*$'&$-1*$!6$&1
$%)+%&
4!52(-(4!-1!/+*$'&$-1*$!6$!7/4*4%&5!18-!7/5(2"!6$!/
>$4?/@0*)*'!$%&7/'('%&).!$%&/A!@%B
u'Q>5$?,$%'31$E38(6,E53086,83,%$>0+3E(6?,U(2T'3+*P,a$62P,!<AAP,0@,A"@
! ,
:%&5$*3C
!_,
HegehL,IL:LmLn#jU9`Z`R4IL
t%383K(,0&+M31G(lP,3,8(6,t%($8F3K(l,YH6#*3'K0P,!<; \@,
:(6F(6>&,G6>83F,'67&)8MGO,$8(,7,>7(3538(3,83,'7617,$0QTP,
G3F,0O>7OP,T3'>7(6G,F$K%6+68+8&1*,8%@,3T&,7K(8(K32(7$E3V,
E&0$F(6,73)'$D68(6,2MT,K3F0&K32(7$E3V,073806,83,E&0$F(,
7&0F@,U$+&E&,+3F(6)$,>7(3538(3P,(886,8(D,6J6F+&E8$SVP,
K$)O,K(6V,1*3'3F+6',0%$56178$=6K$1G$8328&,(,E(O73V,
0(N,7,3F16%+31GO,$+$1768(3,0%$561786)$,$'37,M8(F38(6K,
F$8J2(F+QE,(8+6'%6'0$8328&1*@,988&K(,05$E&P,83E6+,G6S2(,
G6>8$0+F3,176'%(6,03+&0J3F1GN,7,3F+&E8$S1(,(,0O>7(P,D6,
E,>386G,0&+M31G(,%$'3>7(53T&,0$T(6,26%(6G,8(D,(88(P,+$,K$D6,
7'67&)8$E3V,7,>7(3538(3@,#*16,$83,E,+68,0%$0QT,M8(F8OV,
%'7&%(038(3,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,73,6E68+M3286P,83E6+,K35$,
%'3E>$%$>$T86,86)3+&E86,F$806FE681G6P,F+Q'&1*,KQ)5T&,
>$SE(3>17&V,F+$S,7,G6G,$+$1768(3,YH$2(W0F(P,!<< T\@
I$26G8O,7K(688O,E0F37&E38O,G3F$,E&783178(F,7338=
)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,G60+,%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(@,:(6K32,$>,
%$17O+FM,$T618$S1(,E,>&0FM'0(6,83MF$E&K,%0&1*$2$)((,
%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(,T&5$,$F'6S2386,G3F$,7K(6883,E(62$E&=
K(3'$E3,Y%$'@,LT'3K$E(+7P,!<A [,#$22(80P,!<A_[,U('620P,
!<A"[,g$++6'P,!<<"[,CM1F6'K38P,a6'T30(P,!<AA\@,g$++6',
73E3'5,E,0F32(,9=`,%$7&1G6,7,'QD8&1*,$T073'QE,D&1(3?,
Y!\,3F+&E8$S1(,%$2(+&1786G[,Y-\,>$SE(3>176W,07F$28&1*,
(,0+M>681F(1*[,Y \,F$8+3F+QE,6K$1G$8328&1*,7,$+$1768(6K[,
Y_\,>$SE(3>176W,73E$>$E&1*[,Y^\,$)Q28&1*,%$)2O>QE,83,
SE(3+,(,D&1(6,Ya2(0717&W0F3P,!<<"\@,:(6K8(6G,G6>83F,T&5,
$8,%'761(E8&,E&'QD8(38(M,E&K(3'QE,%$17M1(3,F$8+'$2(,
(,>6>&F$E38(M,(K,$0$T8&1*,0F32,Yg$++6'P,!<<"\@
e,'QD8&1*,30%6F+31*,F$8+'$2(,%$G3E(3GO1&1*,0(N,E,(8+6'3F=
1G31*,%(076,K@(8@,a'7623F,Y-"";\P,E0F37MGO1,F(2F3,F3+6)$'((,
7E(O738&1*,7,F$8+'$2O@,ZM>7(6,K$)O,>OD&V,>$,K3F0&K3=
2(731G(,F$8+'$2(,E53086G,2MT,F$8+'$2(,%3'+86'3,(8+6'3F1G(,83>,
0FM+F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,8(1*,32T$,>23,>'M)(6G,0+'$8&@,
a'7623F,E&'QD8(3,830+N%MGO16,F3+6)$'(6,7E(O7386,7,+&K,
30%6F+6K,731*$E38(3,Ya'7623FP,-"";\?
Y!\,$'(68+31GN,03K$F$8+'$2(,o,E53083,F$8+'$23,83>,0FM+=
F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,0(6T(6[
Y-\,$'(68+31GN,E53>7&,o,E53083,F$8+'$23,83>,0FM+F3K(,
>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,%3'+86'3[
Y \,$'(68+31GN,'60%6F+M,o,F$8+'$23,76,0+'$8&,%3'+86'3,83>,
0FM+F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,8(6)$[
Y_\,$'(68+31GN,7326D8$S1(,o,F$8+'$23,76,0+'$8&,%3'+86'3,
83>,0FM+F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,G6>8$0+F([
Y^\,$'(68+31GN,F$$'>&831G(P,%3'+86'0+E3,tLl,o,E0%Q283,
F$8+'$23,83>,0FM+F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,G6>8$0+F([
Y.\,$'(68+31GN,F$$'>&831G(P,%3'+86'0+E3,t]l,o,E0%Q283,
F$8+'$23,83>,0FM+F3K(,>7(353W,(0+$+8&1*,>23,%3'+86'3@
988&,T3>317,E0F3735,+'7&,0J6'&,F$8+'$2(,E,7326D8$S1(,
$>,(1*,$>26)5$S1(,$>,b3@,:3GT2(D6G,b3,783G>MG6,0(N,0J6'3,
0%'3E8$S1($E&1*,$0(O)8(NV,$0$T(0+&1*,Ypersonal efficacy\P,+3F(1*,G3F,M1768(6,0(N,GN7&FQE,17&,(8>&E(>M3286,
$0(O)8(N1(3,0%$'+$E6@,H326G,$>,b3,G60+,%$5$D$83,0J6'3,
F$8+'$2(,(8+6'%6'0$83286G,Yinterpersonal control\P,F+Q'3,
>$+&17&,'6231G(,E,>(3>31*,(,E,K35&1*,)'M%31*@,:3+$K(30+,
+'761(3,0J6'3,Ysociopolitical control\,G60+,83G$>26)26G073,
(,>$+&17&,F$8+'$2(,E,S'$>$E(0FM,0%$56178&K,(,%$2(+&178&K,
Y/3M2*M0P,!<; \@
:326D&,>$>3VP,D6,0F5$88$SV,>$,0%$561786)$,38)3D$E38(3,
0(N,T&E3,5O17$83,76,0+3>(3K(,'$7E$GM,K$'3286)$,$%(038&K(,
%'767,I$*2T6')3,Y!<A \@,R&8(F(,T3>3W,8(6,0O,E,+6G,K3+6'((,
G6>8$7831786@,:(6F+Q'6,3832(7&,E0F37MGO,83,>$>3+8(O,7326D=
8$SV,K(N>7&,%$7($K6K,E&'3J(8$E38(3,E,K&S268(M,$,E3'=
+$S1(31*,3,7338)3D$E38(6K,0%$56178&K,Y%$'@,4F3'D&W0F3P,
-""^\P,(886,73S,>$E$>7O,T'3FM,F$'6231G(,%$K(N>7&,8(K(,
Y%$'@,]3+0$8P,]$268P,#'$00P,:6M'(8)6'=]686J(62P,!<;.\@
C338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,T&E3,%'76>0+3E(386,E,$%$7&1G(,
>$,32(6831G(,YC(KK6'K38P,C3*8(06'P,!<<!\@,U$D83,73+6K,
%'7&%M07173VP,D6,3832(73,+6)$,$0+3+8(6)$,7G3E(0F3,%$7E$2(,
26%(6G,7'$7MK(6V,J68$K68,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$@,
#*$1(3D,E&>3G6,0(N,$8$,83,E0F'$S,0$1G$2$)(1786P,+$,5O17&,
0(N,7,+3F(K(,7K(688&K(,%0&1*$2$)(178&K(P,G3F,%$17M1(6,
E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,$'37,F$8+'$2(P,3,+3FD6,7,1&8(7K6K,
(,73MJ38(6K@
b6>83,7,17NS1(6G,%'7&+31738&1*,>6J(8(1G(,$%(0MG6,32(6831GN,
G3F$,F$80+'MF+P,83,F+Q'&,0F53>3GO,0(N?,T670(28$SVP,T'3F,8$'K,
$'37,(7$231G3,0%$561783,YH638P,!<.!\@,C>38(6K,8(6F+Q'&1*,
3M+$'QE,T670(28$SV,+$E3'7&07&,%'31&,'$T$+8(F3P,F+Q'&,
8(6,K3,F$8+'$2(,83>,E&F$8&E38&K(,73>38(3K(,38(,8(6,
>61&>MG6,$,2$0(6,E&+E$'7$8&1*,%'767,0(6T(6,%'$>MF+QE,
Y47+$K%F3P,-""-\@,g$T$+8(F,G60+,T67'3>8&,E$T61,0(5P,
F+Q'6,M0+323GO,%$'7O>6F,6F$8$K(178&P,3,G6)$,E53083,%'313,
SE(3>17$83,83,'7617,+&1*,0(5,%'7&17&8(3,0(N,>$,G6)$,'$0=
8O16G,32(6831G(,YH638P,!<.![,47+$K%F3P,-""-\@,g$>$EQ>,
>'M)(6)$,17&88(F3P,17&2(,T'3FM,8$'KP,K3,0EQG,%$17O+6F,
E,F$816%1G(,38$K((,HM'F*6(K3,Y-"".\@,LM+$',+68,0M)6'MG6P,
D6,6J6F+6K,MT$178&K,07&TF(1*,7K(38,0%$56178&1*,G60+,
738(F,>'$)$E0F37QE,K$'328&1*,Yh*$K%0$8P,HM'F*6(KP,
-""_\@,H638,Y!<.!\,73S,0+E(6'>73P,D6,T'3F,8$'K,+$,7,G6>86G,
0+'$8&,F$8J2(F+,8$'KP,3,7,>'M)(6G,T'3F,162M,83>3GO16)$,
D&1(M,F(6'M86F@,97$231G3,0%$561783P,17&2(,+'761(3,0F53>$E3,
32(6831G(P,+$,%$17M1(6,E&$T1$E38(3,7,)'M%&P,F+Q'6,5O17&,
0(N,7,03K$+8$S1(OP,E&8(F3GO1O,7,T'3FM,E(N7(,76,E0%Q28$+O,
YH638P,!<."\@
e,(26,73%'6768+$E386,%$E&D6G,0+3'076,MGN1(6,5O17&,
32(6,,831GN,7,%$17O+F$E&K,'$7E$G6K,F3%(+32(7KMP,$,+&26,
E0%Q5176S8(6,7K(6883,+3,G60+,F$G3'7$83,7,'63F1GO,83,SE(3+,
%$0+,K$>6'8(0+&178&@,eT618(6P,%$>$T8(6,G3F,83,%'765$K(6,
s9s,(,ss,E(6FMP,53+E$,$,M+'3+N,+$D03K$S1(P,3,E3'+$S1(,
0%$561786,%$>7(62386,E176S8(6G,>7(S,%'760+3GO,GMD,K(6V,
7831768(6,Ya6&6'P,!<<.\@,/$GN1(6,32(6831G(,E6,E0%Q517608&K,
7831768(M,F$8$+MG6,E&8(F3GO1O,7,T'3FM,73MJ38(3,F$8+60+31GN,
M0+32$8&1*,E3'+$S1(,(,(80+&+M1G(,0%$56178&1*@,R,F$8+6FS1(6,
%3'+&1&%31G(,%$2(+&1786G,32(6831G3,T&E3,$%(0&E383,'QE8(6D,
,
CLL:aLdeRL:9`,4/ef`#C:`,C,/`g4/`IhiRi,/4i#jeZea9#C:`b,
G3F$,7K(6883,>EM17&88(F$E3@,R,G6G,0F53>,E1*$>7O,EQE=
1730?,T'3F,%$17M1(3,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(,E,0J6'76,E%5&EM,
83,>61&>68+QE,0%'3EMGO1&1*,E53>7N,$'37,1&8(7KP,$F'6S238&,
G3F$,8(6MJ8$SV,E$T61,'7O>M,Ya3K0$8P,!<A!\@
98)26*3'+,Y!<;!\,E0F37MG6P,D6,)'M8+$E8(6,E&F07+351$86,
%$F$268(6P,F+Q'6,+E$'7&5$,E,X4L,F$8+'FM2+M'N,23+,."@P,
$>'7M1(5$,+'3>&1&G86,E3'+$S1(,0E$(1*,'$>7(1QE?,K3+6'(3=
2(7KP,%$'7O>6F,(,>&01&%2(8N@,b6>8$176S8(6,)686'31G3,+3,
E&0$F$,168(53,E3'+$S1(,%$0+K3+6'(32(0+&1786,o,G3F$SV,D&1(3P,
03K$'632(731GN,(,>6K$F'31GN,%3'+&1&%31&G8O@,LK6'&F3W0F(6,
%$F$268(6,E&DM,>6K$)'3J(1786)$,(,830+N%86,%$F$268(3,
32(68MGO,0(N,E,0+$0M8FM,>$,8(6F+Q'&1*,3M+$'&+3+&E8&1*,
(80+&+M1G(,D&1(3,0%$561786)$P,+3F(1*,G3F,%$2(1G3P,E$G0F$,
17&,I$S1(Q5@,988&,3M+$',+E(6'>7(P,D6,%$F$268(6,baby boom,
T&5$,2(1786P,E,7E(O7FM,7,+&K,%$G3E(53,0(N,'&E32(731G3P,
K@(8@,E,>$0+N%(6,>$,K(6G01,%'31&@,/'60G(,+$E3'7&07&5,0+'60P,
3,$>17ME386,8(673>$E$268(6,%$1(O)8N5$,73,0$TO,%$2(+&178O,
32(6831GN,Y`30+6'2(8P,!<;"\@,C>38(6K,98)26*3'+3,Y!<;!\P,
32(6831GN,7K8(6G073GO,+3F(6,%'76G3E&,>6K$F'31G(,%3'+&1&=
%31&G86GP,G3F,%$>%(0&E38(6,%6+&1G(,$'37,>(32$),%$2(+&178&@
U$>62,32(6831G(,(8+6)'MGO1&,'QD86,%$>6GS1(3,>$,+6)$,
73)3>8(68(3,%'76>0+3E(5,I$'768($E0F(,Y!<<!\@,LM+$',+68,
M%$'7O>F$E35,F$816%1G6,32(6831G(P,T($'O1,%$>,ME3)N,G6G,
MSE(3>$K(68(6,2MT,G6)$,T'3F@,R,%(6'E07&K,%'7&%3>FM,
K$D2(E6,0O,>E3,0FM+F(@,a>&,830+N%MG6,3+'&TM1G3,>$,b3,
$'37,$03K$+8(68(6P,E,6J6F1(6,K$)O,%$G3E(V,0(N,>6%'60G3,
(,0+38&,%0&1*$+&1786@,C,F$26(,>7(NF(,0$2(>3'8$S1(,)'M%$E6G,
(,6K$1G$83286KM,E0%3'1(M,)'M%&,32(6831GN,K$D83,%'76=
7E&1(ND&V@,L2(6831G3,MSE(3>$K($83P,F+Q'6G,+$E3'7&07&,
3+'&TM1G3,>$,0+'MF+M'&,0%$561786G,(,$03K$+8(68(6P,K$D6,
E&E$5&E3V,383'1*(0+&178&,TM8+@,b6S2(,73K(30+,$03K$+=
8(68(3,E&0+N%MG6,0$2(>3'8$SV,7,)'M%OP,K$D6,+$,0FM+F$E3V,
3F+&E8$S1(O,'6E$2M1&G8O,YI$'768($E0F(P,!<<!\@
e>,%$GN1(3,32(6831G(,8326D&,$>'QD8(V,wykluczenie spo eczne@,H6J(8(MG6,0(N,G6,E,F$8+6FS1(6,%$7T3E(68(3,G6>8$0+F(,2MT,
)'M%&?,Y!\,M1760+8(1+E3,E,D&1(M,0%$56178&K[,Y-\,>$0+N%M,
>$,730$TQEP,>QT'P,(80+&+M1G(,(,0&0+6KQE,0%$56178&1*[,
Y \,MTQ0+E3,(,>6%'&E31G(,%$+'76T[,Y_\,%'3E,0%$56178&1*,
(,(1*,'632(731G(,Y473'J68T6')P,-"!"\@,e,(26,%'7&+$17$86,
%$>6GS1(6,K3,1*3'3F+6',0%$56178$=6F$8$K(178&P,$,+&26,
E&F2M1768(6,0%$561786,K$D83,+6D,E&G3S8(3V,83,)'M81(6,
(8+6)'MGO1&K,EO+F(,0$1G$2$)(1786,(,%0&1*$2$)(1786P,G3F,
7'$T(2(,+$,4(>38(M0,(,/'3++$,E,+6$'((,$'(68+31G(,83,>$K(=
831GN,Y%$'@,I26T38(MFP,-""A\@,R0F37MGO,$8(,+'7&,k'Q>53,
8(6'QE8$S1(,0%$56178&1*P,F+Q'6,K$)O,%'7&17&8(V,0(N,>$,
E&F2M1768(3?,Y!\,7E(O7386,7,E(6F(6K,Y>$'$S2(,K3GO,E53>7N,
83>,K5$>07&K(,$>,0(6T(6\P,Y-\,7E(O7386,7,%51(O,YKND17&k8(,
K3GOP,$)Q28(6,'7617,T($'O1P,E(N16G,E53>7&,8(D,F$T(6+&\,$'37,
Y \,7E(O7386,7,%$>7(353K(,%'7&GN+&K(,E,>386G,FM2+M'76P,
>$F$8&E38&K(,83,%$>0+3E(6,'QD8&1*,F'&+6'(QEP,8%@,76,
E7)2N>M,83,'30N,Y%$'@,I26T38(MFP,-""A\@,90+8(6GO,'QE8(6D,
!^,
%$>6GS1(3,%0&1*$2$)(1786,%$>F'6S23GO16,3J6F+&E8&,30%6F+,
E&F2M1768(3,0%$561786)$@,/'7&F53>$E$,%'76>0+3E(3,0(N,
E,8(1*P,D6,E&F2M1768(6,0%$561786,M,$0QT,8(6>6%'60&G8&1*,
(,K3GO1&1*,E&0$FO,03K$$168N,%$E$>MG6,'63F1GN,%$26)3GO1O,
83,M53+E($8&K,>$0+N%(6,>$,6K$1G(,%$7&+&E8&1*,$'37,(1*,
M3F+&E8(68(M,YH6R322,(,(8@P,-"!!\@
L2(6831G3,G60+,%$GN1(6K,$)Q28(6G07&K,8(D,E&F2M1768(6,
0%$561786P,%$8(6E3D,73E(6'3,E&F2M1768(6,(,>$T'$E$28O,
'67&)831GN,7,'QD8&1*,J$'K,M1760+8(1+E3,E,D&1(M,0%$5617=
8&K@,:326D&,7378317&VP,D6,32(6831G3,K$D6,%$E$>$E3V,
$)'38(1768(6,F$8E681G$83286G,%3'+&1&%31G(,%$2(+&1786GP,
7E5307173,)5$0$E38(3P,%'7&,E7'$S1(6,>7(353W,%'$+60+31&G=
8&1*,(,3F1G(,$%3'+&1*,83,%'76K$1&,Y%$'@,b3FMT$E0F3P,-""^[,
R(+F$E0F(P,I383J3=#*K(626E0F3P,-"".\@
/$E&D6G,%'76>0+3E($8$,%$>K($+$E6,>6+6'K(838+&,7338=
)3D$E38(3,%$2(+&1786)$@,R3'+$,+6'37,8(61$,ME3)(,%$SE(N1(V,
%0&1*$2$)(178&K,>6+6'K(838+$KP,F+Q'6,0%'7&G3GO,M>7(6238(M,
%$K$1&,(88&K,2M>7($K@,C6,E7)2N>M,83,73F'60,+6K3+&F(,
(,'$7K(3',8(8(6G076)$,3'+&FM5M,+6KM,162$E(,%$05MD&,G6>&8(6,
7K$>&J(F$E38&,K$>62,(8+6'E681G(,F'&7&0$E6GP,F+Q'6)$,
3M+$'3K(,0O,Z3+386,(,H3'26&,Y!<.;\@
H61&7&G8&,K$>62,(8+6'E681G(,E,0&+M31G(,F'&7&0$E6G,
73E(6'3,%(NV,E3'M8FQEP,F+Q'6,KM07O,7$0+3V,0%658($86P,3T&,
$T06'E3+$',M>7(62(5,$J(6'76,%$K$1&@,/$,%(6'E076P,7>3'768(6,
KM0(,7$0+3V,73ME3D$86@,:30+N%8(6,0&+M31G3,KM0(,7$0+3V,
$F'6S2$83,G3F$,F'&7&0$E3@,:(6F(6>&,2M>7(6P,$T06'EMGO1,
E73G6K8&,T'3F,'63F1G(P,K$)O,>$GSV,>$,%'76F$838(3P,D6,
8(1,756)$,0(N,8(6,>7(6G6P,1*$V,E,(0+$1(6,0O,SE(3>F3K(,
+'3)6>((@,e%(0386,7G3E(0F$,$F'6S23,0(N,E,%0&1*$2$)((,G3F$,
niewiedz$ wielu@,/$,+'761(6P,$T06'E3+$',%$E(8(68,%'7&GOV,
$0$T(0+O,$>%$E(6>7(328$SV,73,%$>GN1(6,>7(3538(3P,3,(K,E(N=
16G,$T06'E3+$'QEP,+&K,+'M>8(6G,$,(1*,7338)3D$E38(6P,)>&D,
>$1*$>7(,>$,'$7%'$0768(3,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(@,/$,17E3'+6P,
%$+'76T86,G60+,%$17M1(6,F$K%6+681G(,E,0J6'76P,E,F+Q'6G,
8326D&,M>7(62(V,%$K$1&@,e0+3+61783,>61&7G3,$,%$>GN1(M,
>7(3538(3,7326D&,$>,%$+681G328&1*,F$07+QEP,8%@,$SK(6=
0768(3P,326,'QE8(6D,83'3D68(3,E53086)$,7>'$E(3,2MT,D&1(3,
YR$G1(07F6P,-""-\@,:(6,T67,7831768(3,G60+,+6D,+$P,F(K,G60+,
%$+'76TMGO1&@,ZMT(K&,%$>$T8&1*P,E(N1,1*N+8(6G,%$K3)3K&,
E53S8(6,(K,Y`K0E(226'P,H63MvP,R(22(+0P,!<A![,I3'3T68(1FP,
Z6'86'P,]661*6'P,!<A \P,1*$V,$>0+N%0+E6K,$>,+6G,'6)M5&,
G60+,8(61*NV,>$,E0%(6'38(3,%'7&G31(623P,F+Q'&,>7(NF(,+6KM,
K$D6,0+3V,0(N,26%07&,E,>7(6>7(8(6,(0+$+86G,>23,03K$$168&,
%$K3)3GO16)$,Yh6006'P,!<;;[,h6006'P,4K(+*P,!<;"\@
U$>62,Z3+386,(,H3'26&3,Y!<.;\,>$+&17&,E%'3E>7(6,
%$K$1&,6%(7$>&1786GP,326,K$D6,%$05MD&V,>$,%'7&T2(D68(3,
%0&1*$2$)(178&1*,ME3'M8F$E3W,%$K3)38(3,E,$)Q26P,
'QE8(6D,+6)$,$,1*3'3F+6'76,M0+3E(178&K,YE$2$8+3'(3+M\P,
1*$V,%$,E176S8(6G07&1*,T3>38(31*,E6'&J(FMGO1&1*,G6)$,
%'7&>3+8$SV,E,+&K,$T073'76@,/'7&,17&KP,E$2$8+3'(3+,
Y531@,volontarius o,>$T'$E$28&P,1*N+8&\,$F'6S23,0(N,G3F$,
!.,
HegehL,IL:LmLn#jU9`Z`R4IL
t>$T'$E$28OP,T67%53+8OP,SE(3>$KO,>7(35328$SV,83,'7617,
(88&1*P,E&F'3173GO1O,%$73,7E(O7F(,'$>7(886P,F$26D6W0F(6,
2MT,%'7&G31(620F(6l,YEEE@%$7&+6F@)$q@%2\@,R$2$8+3'(3+,
7$0+35,7>6J(8($E38&,'QE8(6D,E,X0+3E(6,$,>7(35328$S1(,
%$D&+FM,%MT2(1786)$,(,$,E$2$8+3'(31(6,7,>8(3,-_,FE(6+8(3,
-"" ,'@ YH7@,X@,8',<.P,%$7@,;A ,76,7K@\@,R,G6G,3'+@,-,%F+, ,
K$D83,%'7617&+3VP,D6,tE$2$8+3'(M076K,G60+,$0$T3P,F+Q'3,
$1*$+8(17$,(,T67,E&83)'$>768(3,E&F$8MG6,SE(3>1768(3,83,
7303>31*,$F'6S2$8&1*,E,M0+3E(6l@,eF'6S23GO1P,17&K,G60+,
E$2$8+3'(3+P,8326D&,%$>F'6S2(V,G6)$,T67%$S'6>8(,1*3'3F+6'@,
/$K$1,+3,%$26)3,T$E(6K,83,83E(O7&E38(M,7,%$>$%(617=
8&K,'6231G(,+E3'7O,E,+E3'7P,1$,$>'QD8(3,GO,$>,731*$E3W,
J(238+'$%(G8&1*@,m(238+'$%(3,T$E(6K,G60+,+$,t>7(35328$SV,
$0QT,TO>k,(80+&+M1G(P,%$26)3GO13,83,T67(8+6'60$E8&K,M>7(6=
238(M,%$+'76TMGO1&K,%$K$1&,J(8380$E6G,2MT,K3+6'(3286Gl
Y]317F$P,e)'$1F3P,-"";P,0@, \@
:307,K$>62,%$E0+35,83,T37(6,6+3%QE,%$K$1&,E&07176=
)Q28($8&1*,%'767,Z3+386,(,H3'26&3,Y!<.;\@,H$,F3D>6)$,
7,8(1*,%'7&%$'7O>F$E38$,%0&1*$2$)(1786,>6+6'K(838+&,
%$7E323GO16,$0(O)8OV,>38&,6+3%,Y%$'@,+3T623,-\@
LT&,7338)3D$E3V,0(N,E,%$K3)38(6,(88&KP,F$8(61786,
G60+,>$0+'76D68(6,73)3>8(68(3,0%$561786)$,$'37,M7838(6P,
D6,G60+,$8$,(0+$+86@,U$D83,8%@,06+F(,'37&,05&076V,$,8(6>$=
D&E($8&1*,>7(61(31*,E,%$20F(1*,07F$531*P,326,8(6,7E'313V,
83,+N,(8J$'K31GN,07176)Q286G,ME3)(@,R&F2M173GO1,17&88(F(,
%$73%0&1*$2$)(1786,Y8%@,3F1G6,'6F23K&,0%$561786G\P,783=
1768(6,K3,E,+3F(K,%'7&%3>FM,+6K%6'3K68+P,%$8(6E3D,
E3'M8FMG6,$8,E'3D2(E$SV,83,%6'16%1GN,T$>k1QE,7,$+$1768(3,
Y]M00P,/2$K(8P,!<;.[,4+'623MP,-"".\@,:30+N%8&K,E3'M8F(6K,
G60+,M7838(6,0&+M31G(,73,F'&7&0$EO@,4%'7&G3,+6KM,6K%3+(3P,
'$7MK(383,G3F$,%'7&GK$E38(6,1M>76)$,%M8F+M,E(>768(3P,
E0%Q517M1(6P,17&2(,1(6%56P,6K$1G$83286,E0%Q5T'7K(68(6,
$'37,%$GK$E383,G3F$,E53086,1(6'%(68(6,83,E(>$F,(886G,
$0$T&,E,$%'60G(,YR$G1(07F6P,-""-\@
LT&,%$KQ1P,F$8(61786,G60+,'QE8(6D,%'7&GN1(6,$0$T(0+6G,
$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,73,0&+M31GN@,:3,+&K,6+3%(6,(0+$+8O,161*O,
%0&1*$2$)(178O,G60+,%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(,83>,7>3'768(3K(P,F+Q'6,
K$D6,E&8(F3V,7,K$+&E31G(,6J6F+&E8$S1($E6G,YH6#*3'K0P,
!<; [,R*(+6P,!<^<\@,9886,78317O16,>&0%$7&1G6,0O,7E(O7386,
7,03K$$168O,$'37,%'3)K3+&178O,2MT,%'&81&%(328O,F$816%1GO,
E53086G,$0$T&@,/'7&GN1(6,$0$T(0+6G,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,73,
7>3'768(3,K$D6,T&V,ME3'M8F$E386,M+'7&K38(6K,%$DO=
>386)$,%$7($KM,03K$$168&,2MT,G6)$,%$>E&D0768(6K,
Y]3+0$8,(,(8@P,!<;.[,eK$+$P,48&>6'P,!<<^\@,R,8(6F+Q'&1*,
>6J(8(1G31*,32+'M(7KM,(0+8(68(6,+6)$,+&%M,6)$(0+&178&1*,
K$+&EQE,E6E8N+'78&1*,G60+,M783E386,73,F$8(6178&,
E3'M86F,%$K$1&,Y%$'@,]3MK388P,#(32>(8(P,I68'(1FP,!<;![,
41*3226'P,#(32>(8(P,!<;;\@,]3>38(3,E0F37MGOP,D6,%'7&G=
K$E38(M,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,E,0&+M31G31*,0%$56178&1*,
0%'7&G3,%'3)K3+&7KP,17&2(,E&0$F(,0+$%(6W,$T06'E31&G=
86G,03K$F$8+'$2(,731*$E38(3,Y#'6K6'P,48&>6'P,H6E(++6P,
-""!\@,gQE8(6D,%$7($K,32(6831G(,(,73MJ38(3,0%$561786)$,
0O,(0+$+8&K(,17&88(F3K(,E3'M8FMGO1&K(,%'7&GN1(6,$0$T(=
0+6G,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(,(,1*NV,>7(3538(3,Y98)26*3'+P,!<;N,0E$G6,$0$T(0+6,
F$K%6+681G6P,T&V,K$D6,7>61&>MG6,0(N,$83,83,730(268(6,
%6E8O,FE$+O,F$8+3,JM8>31G(,FM%MGO16G,>7(61($K,$T(3>&P,
G6S2(,7$0+38(6K&,%'7&,%$%'76>8(K,%'7&F53>7(6@,/$%'760+3GO1,
83,+&K,J(238+'$%(G8&K,>7(3538(MP,E&F2M17&,$83,%$K3)38(6,
M0+3E(1786P,8%@,E,J$'K(6,E$2$8+3'(3+MP,%$8(6E3D,M783P,D6,
8%@,8(6,%$+'3J(,%'31$E3V,E,760%$26,32T$,8(6,2MT(,73E(6=
'3V,8$E&1*,783G$K$S1(@,I+$S,(88&,E,%$>$T86G,0&+M31G(,
0+E(6'>7(P,D6,E%'3E>7(6,8(6,K3,%(68(N>7&P,326,>23,>$T'3,
8(6>$D&E($8&1*,>7(61(,1*N+8(6,73$J6'MG6,0E$GO,%'31N,
(,7$0+38(6,E$2$8+3'(M076K,E0%$K8(386G,JM8>31G(@
h3T623,Sekwencyjny model zaanga!owania spo ecznego w pomoc innym
D!5"$+%/";.%&6&$%!/4*<*-(/>.*)2!$%!/'*6*$2!5%").&<B
,)(-=*6*@%-.$&/;&2&5<%$!$2(
E2!4/F
;*)25.&G&$%&/%)2*2$&@*/.!@!;$%&$%!/)4*0&-.$&@*
'5!G6%'*3C/"'!5"$+*'!$!/2&<4&5!<&$2!6$%&
E2!4/H
".$!$%&/)(2"!-1%/.!/+5(.()*'8
&<4!I!
E2!4/J
45.(19-%&/*)*:%)2&1/*;4*'%&;.%!6$*3-%7/-=9C/;.%!0!$%!
4*-."-%&/+*$25*6%7/<*2('!-1!/&#&+2('$*3-%*'!7/)!<**-&$!7/
45!@<!2(.</6":/45($-(4%!6%.<7/.!"#!$%&7/4*.%*</!6%&$!-1%
E2!4/K
4*-."-%&/+*<4&2&$-1%/'/)#&5.&/4*<*-(
4*-."-%&/'0!)$&1/)+"2&-.$*3-%
E2!4/L
*)2!2&-.$!/;&-(.1!/*/.*)2!$%"/'*6*$2!5%").&<
4*5M'$('!$%&/.()+M'/%/+*).2M'/4)(-=*6*@%-.$(-=
u'Q>5$?,$%'31$E38(6,E53086,83,%$>0+3E(6,K$>62M,(8+6'E681G(,F'&7&0$E6G,Z3+386,(,H3'26&3,Y!<.;\@
,
CLL:aLdeRL:9`,4/ef`#C:`,C,/`g4/`IhiRi,/4i#jeZea9#C:`b,
m3F+,M>7(6268(3,%$K$1&,7326D&,$>,7&0FQE,(,F$07+QE,%0&=
1*$2$)(178&1*P,>$,F+Q'&1*,%$E0+38(3,+3F(6,>7(3538(6,K$D6,
0(N,%'7&17&8(V@,H$,7&0FQE,K$D83,732(17&V,%$>E&D0768(6,
2MT,M+'7&K38(6,E&0$F(6G,03K$$168&,32T$,E&F'6$E38(6,
%$7&+&E86)$,E(76'M8FM,0%$561786)$@,b3F(6,73+6K,0O,
%$+681G3286,F$07+&,+6)$,+&%M,>7(353Ww,:(6,M26)3,EO+%2(E$=
S1(P,D6,E$2$8+3'(3+,E,JM8>31G(,E0%(6'3GO16G,8(6>$D&E($86,
>7(61(,8(6,E7TM>73,86)3+&E8&1*,6K$1G(@,CM%658(6,(83176G,
K$D6,E&)2O>3V,'63F1G3,(88&1*,2M>7(,83,E(3>$K$SV,$,+&KP,
D6,$0$T3P,7,F+Q'O,0(N,F$8+3F+MGOP,%'31MG6,G3F$,E$2$8+3'(M07,
7,1*$'&K(,83,L9H4@,C3K(30+,3%'$T3+&P,K$D83,>$783V,$>'7M=
168(3P,83E6+,%'767,83GT2(D07&1*,YeK$+$P,48&>6'P,!<<^\@
LT&,M7303>8(V,+E$'768(6,E53086)$,K$>62MP,$%3'+6)$,
83,'3K(6,+6$'6+&1786G,0+E$'7$86G,%'767,Z3+386,(,H3'26&3,
Y!<.;\P,8326D&,%'76>0+3E(V,'QD8(1N,K(N>7&,+&K(,>E$K3,
K$>623K(@,R0%$K8(38(,3M+$'7&,0F$8168+'$E32(,0(N,83,
E&K(68(68(M,6+3%QE,M>7(6238(3,%$K$1&,6%(7$>&1786G,
(,E&G3S8(68(M,(1*,%'76>6,E07&0+F(K,%$%'767,$>E$538(6,
0(N,>$,+3F(1*,7G3E(0F,0%$56178&1*P,G3F,8(6E(6>73,E(62M,
2MT,'$7%'$0768(6,$>%$E(6>7(328$S1(@,:3+$K(30+,K$>62,
E5308&,K3,83,162M,E0F3738(6,161*P,F+Q'6,0O,F2M17$E6,
%'7&,EF'31738(M,E,F3D>&,7,%(N1(M,6+3%QE,7338)3D$E38(3,
0%$561786)$,E,%$K$1,(88&K@,U$D83,%'7&GOVP,D6,161*&,+6,0O,
78317O16,8(6,+&2F$,E,>7(3538(M,6%(7$>&178&K,o,E,83)5&1*,
0&+M31G31*,o,326,'QE8(6D,E,>5M)(K,$F'60(6P,)>&,K$D2(E&,
G60+,83K&05@,b6>83F,3T&,%$+E(6'>7(V,+$,735$D68(6P,F$8(61786,
0O,E6'&J(FMGO16,T3>38(3,6K%('&1786@
/$E&D073,17NSV,3'+&FM5M,G60+,%$SE(N1$83,%'6768+31G(,
E&T'38&1*,%0&1*$2$)(178&1*,E&783178(FQE,7338)3D$=
E38(3,0%$561786)$,E,0J6'76,%$2(+&1786G,$'37,E,$T073'76,
M>7(6238(3,%$K$1&,(88&K,2M>7($K@,R,+'3>&1G(,T3>3W,
83>,7338)3D$E38(6K,%$2(+&178&K,'$7%3+'MG6,0(N,F(2F3,
F2M17$E&1*,7K(688&1*P,$>%$E(6>7(328&1*,73,3F+&E8$SV,
E,+6G,0J6'76P,K(38$E(1(6,%$17M1(6,E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(P,
73MJ38(6P,K$+&E31GN,6J6F+&E8$S1($EOP,%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(,
$'37,%$7($K,32(6831G(@,R,7E(O7FM,7,+&KP,D6,E,2(+6'3+M'76,
%$SE(N1$86G,M>7(6238(M,%$K$1&,(88&K,2M>7($KP,8(6,783=
267($8$,G308$,$F'6S2$8&1*,%0&1*$2$)(178&1*,>6+6'K(838+,
7338)3D$E38(3P,73%'$%$8$E38$,E5308&P,06FE681&G8&,
K$>62,%$K3)38(3@,U$>62,+68,E&K3)3,E6'&J(F31G(,6K%(=
'&1786GP,%$K$1,M0+3E(1783,T$E(6KP,8%@,E$2$8+3'(3+P,'QD8(,
0(N,$>,%$K$1&,6%(7$>&1786GP,F+Q'3,T&53,(80%('31GO,K$>62M,
Z3+386,(,H3'26&3,Y!<.;\@,]&V,K$D6,%$,>3207&1*,0+M>(31*,
6K%('&178&1*,E0%$K8(38&,K$>62,KQ)5T&,%$05MD&V,>$,
E&G3S8(68(3,7338)3D$E38(3,$,1*3'3F+6'76,E$2$8+3'(3+MP,
17&2(,%$K3)38(3,M0+3E(1786)$@
e,(26,%$2(+$2$)$E(6,(,0$1G$2$)$E(6,%$07MFMGO,$>%$E(6>7(,
83,%&+38(6P,>23176)$,2M>7(6,0(N,8(6,38)3DMGO,Y$,%'7&17&8&,
32(6831G(\P,$,+&26,%0&1*$2$)$E(6P,F$'7&0+3GO1,7,>$0+N%86)$,
(K,(80+'MK68+3'(MK,K6+$>,T3>3E17&1*P,K$)2(T&,%$07M=
F(E3V,%'7&17&8,3F+&E8$S1(,(,$>%$E(3>3V,83,%&+38(6P,1$,
!A,
0F538(3,G6>8$0+F(,>$,38)3D$E38(3,0(N@,U$)5&T&,83,+&K,
7&0F3V,%'$)'3K&,3F+&E(731G(,3>'60$E386,>$,7'QD8(1$E3=
8&1*,)'M%,0%$56178&1*@
+<=>?@<ABCDE
C338)3D$E38(6,0%$561786,0+38$E(,%$>0+3EN,JM8F1G$=
8$E38(3,'QD8$'$>8&1*,)'M%,0%$56178&1*@,R&8(F(,%'76=
%'$E3>7$8&1*,>$+&1*1730,T3>3W,7>3GO,0(N,E0F37&E3V,
83,+$P,D6,G6>8&K(,7,83GE3D8(6G07&1*,%0&1*$2$)(178&1*,
E&783178(FQE,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,0O,%$17M1(6,
E53086G,0FM+6178$S1(P,73MJ38(6P,K$+&E31G3,6J6F+&E8$S=
1($E3P,%$17M1(6,F$8+'$2(,$'37,%$7($K,32(6831G(@,b6>83F,
3T&,G6>8$0+F3,7338)3D$E353,0(N,E,%$K$1,(88&K,KM0(,
830+O%(V,%6E(68,%'$160P,F+Q'6)$,%'3E>$%$>$T8&,%'76=
T(6),$%(038$,E,06FE681&G8&K,K$>62M,7338)3D$E38(3,
0%$561786)$,E,%$K$1,(88&K@,#7&K,G60+,7338)3D$E38(6,
0%$561786,7,%6'0%6F+&E&,%0&1*$2$)(1786G,73%'6768+$E38$,
E,%$GN1($E6G,>6J(8(1G(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$@,b60+,$83,
%'QTO,MGN1(3,$K3E(386)$,7G3E(0F3,E,8(61$,(88&,0%$0QTP,
E(NF07$SV,(0+8(6GO1&1*,>6J(8(1G(,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,
K3,T$E(6K,1*3'3F+6',$%6'31&G8&,(,$03>7$8&,E,+6'K(8$2$)((,
%$2(+$2$)(1786G,2MT,0$1G$2$)(1786G@,46FE681&G8&,K$>62,
7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,$'37,%0&1*$2$)(1783,%$GN1($E3,
>6J(8(1G3,7338)3D$E38(3,0%$561786)$,0+38$E(O,3M+$'0FO,
%'$%$7&1GNP,F+Q'3,K$D6,%$05MD&V,>$,$%6'31G$832(731G(,
$K3E(386)$,7G3E(0F3,E,T3>38(31*,%0&1*$2$)(178&1*@
F GHIJGKIJ#LMGN:JOJ
LT'3K$E(+7P,4@,9@,Y!<A \@,98+6'832=6v+6'832,1$8+'$2,38>,0$1(32=%$=
2(+(132,31+(q(0K?,L,+60+,$J,+*6,>(K680($832(+&,$J,g$++6'x0,98,=
+6'832=`v+6'832,01326@,Journal of Consulting and Clinical
PsychologyP _"P,!<.o-"!@
L2K$8>P,a@P,p6'T3P,4@,Y!<. \@,The civic culture@,]$0+$8?,Z(++26P,
]'$E8,y,#$@
]317F$P,L@P,e)'$1F3P,L@,Y-"";\@,Wolontariat, filantropia i 1%.
Raport z bada% 2007@,R3'073E3?,4+$E3'7&0768(6,I2$8Bb3E$'@
]3+0$8P,#@,H@P,]$268P,U@,j@P,#'$00P,b@,L@P,:6M'(8)6'=]686J(62P,
j@,`@,Y!<;.\@,R*6'6,(0,+*6,32+'M(0K,(8,+*6,32+'M(0+(1,%6'0$832(+&w,
Journal of,Personality and Social PsychologyP 50P -!-o--"@
]3MK388P,H@,b@P,#(32>(8(P,g@,]@P,I68'(1FP,H@,h@,Y!<;!\@,L2+'M(0K,30,
*6>$8(0K?,j62%(8),38>,062J=)'3+(J(13+($8,30,6zM(q3268+,'60%$8060@,
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyP 40P !" <o!"_.@
]$F3G5$P,R@,Y-""!\@,4%$56176W0+E$,$T&E3+620F(6?,0J6'3,%MT2(17=
83,G3F$,%'$T26K,+6$'((,>6K$F'31G(@,R?,R@,]$F3G5$P,I@,H7(MTF3,
Y'6>@\P,Spo ecze%stwo obywatelskie,Y0@,!Ao; \@,R'$153E?,R&,=
>3E8(1+E$,X8(E6'0&+6+M,R'$153E0F(6)$@
]M00P,L@,j@P,/2$K(8P,g@,Y!<;.\@,h*6,`L4,L%%'$31*,+$,h6K%6'3,=
K68+@,R?,g@,/2$K(8P,b@,HM88P,The study of temperament:
Changes, continuities, and challenges,Y0@,.AoA<\@,:6E,b6'06&P,
Z$8>$8?,Z3E'6816,`'2T3MK,L00$1(3+60@
#$22(80P,]@,`@,Y!<A_\@,m$M',1$K%$868+0,$J,+*6,g$++6',98+6'832=,
=`v+6'832,41326?,]62(6J,(8,3,>(JJ(1M2+,E$'2>P,3,GM0+,E$'2>P,
!;,
HegehL,IL:LmLn#jU9`Z`R4IL
3,%'6>(1+3T26,E$'>P,38>,3,%$2(+(1322&,'60%$80(q6,E$'2>@,Journal
of Personality and Social PsychologyP,29,Y \P, ;!o <!@
#'3()P,4@,#@P,:(6K(P,g@,a@P,4(2q6'P,a@,`@,Y!<<"\@,/$2(+(132,6JJ(13=
1&,38>,+'M0+@,L,g6%$'+,$8,+*6,:`4,/(2$+,4+M>&,9+6K0@,Political
BehaviorP,12,Y \P,-;<o !_@
#'6K6'P,H@P,48&>6'P,U@P,H6E(++6P,4@,Y-""!\@,{h*6,2600,9,+'M0+P,+*6,
2600,9,1$8+'(TM+6,Y$',8$+\wx,h*6,6JJ61+0,$J,+'M0+P,311$M8+3T(2(+&,
38>,062J=K$8(+$'(8),(8,0$1(32,>(26KK30@,European Journal of
Social PsychologyP,31,Y!\P,< o!"A@
#73%(W0F(P,b@,Y!<;"\@,/$>3+8$SV,83,7338)3D$E38(6,3,E7)2N>83,
0(53,E%5&EM,%$7&+&E8&1*,(,86)3+&E8&1*,$168,E5308&1*,83,
7K(38N,%$0+3E,E$T61,7838&1*,$0QT@,Studia PsychologiczneP,
19P,-!o -@
#73%(W0F(P,b@,Y!<;^\@,C338)3D$E38(6,G3F$,K61*38(7K,'$7E$GM,
E3'+$S1(,%$>K($+$E&1*@,Studia PsychologiczneP,23P,!_ o!.;@
H638P,H@,a@,Y!<."\@,L2(683+($8,38>,%$2(+(132,3%3+*&@,Social ForcesP,
38,Y \P,!;^o!;<@
H638P,H@,a@,Y!<.!\@,L2(683+($8?,9+0,K638(8),38>,K630M'6K68+@,
American Sociological ReviewP,26,Y^\P,A^ oA^;@
H6#*3'K0P,g@,Y!<; \@,Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior.,Z$8>$8?,Z3E'6816,`'2T3MK,
L00$1(3+60@
H6M+01*P,U@,Y!<A \@,The resolution of conflict: Constructive and
destructive processes@,:6E,j3q68P,#h?,i326,X8(q6'0(+&,/'600@
H6R322P,#@,:@P,hE68)6P,b@,U@P,I$$26P,4@,Z@P,]3MK6(0+6'P,g@,m@P,
U3'zM67P,L@P,g6(>P,U@,R@,Y-"!!\@,LM+$K3+(1,6K$+($8,'6)M=
23+($8,3J+6',0$1(32,6v12M0($8?,hM8(8),+$,%$0(+(q(+&@,EmotionP,
11,Y \P,.- o. .@
H$2(W0F(P,H@,Y!<< 3\@,e>%$E(6>7(328$SV,t%38QE,0&+M31G(l,(,t%($8=
FQEl[,%6'0%6F+&E3,3+'&TM1&G83,G3F$,>6+6'K(838+3,0O>QE@,R?,
U@,I$J+3,Y'6>@\P,Psychologia aktywno"ci: zaanga!owanie,
sprawstwo, bezradno"#,Y0@,;Ao!!^\@,/$783W?,:3F$K@
H$2(W0F(P,H@,Y!<< T\@,g31G$83286,(,6)$+&0+&1786,K61*38(7K&,
M8(F38(3,F$8+'$2(,83>,T(6)(6K,7>3'76W@,R?,U@,I$J+3,Y'6>@\P,
Psychologia aktywno"ci: zaanga!owanie, sprawstwo, bezradno"#,Y0@,!!Ao! -\@,/$783W?,:3F$K@
H$2(W0F(P,H@,Y-"""\@,`K$1G6P,%$7838(6P,731*$E38(6@,R?,b@,4+'623M,
Y'6>@\P,Psychologia Y+@,-P,0@, .<o <_\@,a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,
R&>3E8(1+E$,/0&1*$2$)(1786@
HM'F*6(KP,`@,Y-"".\@,Samobójstwo@,Studium z socjologiiP,+5MK@,
I@,R3F3'@,R3'073E3?,eJ(1&83,:3MF$E3@
`30+6'2(8P,g@,L@,Y!<;"\@,Birth and fortune: The impact of numbers on personal welfare@,:6E,i$'F?,]30(1,]$$F0@
`(>6P,L@,j@P,g$&03KTP,`@,Y-""-\@,h*6,'623+($80*(%,T6+E668,26q=
62,$J,>(03T(2(+&P,%0&1*$2$)(132,%'$T26K0P,0$1(32,31+(q(+&P,38>,
0$1(32,86+E$'F0@,Rehabilitation PsychologyP,47,Y-\P,!.^o!; @
`2(30P,:@,Y-"" \@,Zaanga!owanie i neutralno"#P,+5MK@,b@,4+3E(W0F(@,
R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,/R:@
`2(30P,:@,Y-"";\@,Spo ecze%stwo jednostekP,+5MK@,b@,4+3E(W0F(@,
R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,/R:@
`K0E(226'P,h@P,H63MvP,I@P,R(22(+0P,b@,`@,Y!<A!\@,4(K(23'(+&P,06vP,38>,
'6zM60+0,J$',0K322,J3q$'0@,Journal of Applied Social PsychologyP,
1,Y \P,-;_o-<!@
a3K0$8P,R@,Y!<A!\@,/$2(+(132,+'M0+,38>,(+0,'3K(J(13+($80P,R?,
a@,LT13'(38P,b@,R@,4$M2,Y'6>@\P,Social psychology and political
behavior: Problems and prospects@,#$2MKTM0P,e*@?,#*3'260,
`@,U6''(22@
a3K0$8P,R@,Y!<<!\@,#$KK(+K68+,38>,3)681&,(8,0$1(32,K$q6=
K68+0@,Sociological ForumP,6,Y!\P,-Ao^"@
a6&6'P,m@,Y'6>@\,Y!<<.\@,Alienation, ethnicity and postmodernism@,
#$8861+(1M+P,Z$8>$8?,a'668E$$>,/'600@
a2(0717&W0F3P,s@,Y!<<"\@,Skala I-E w pracy@,R3'073E3?,/'31$E8(3,
h60+QE,/0&1*$2$)(178&1*,/h/@
a$JJK38P,`@,Y-"".\@,Rytua interakcyjnyP,+5MK@,L@,47M2D&1F3@,
R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,/R:@
a'7623FP,b@,Y-"";\@,U$+&E31G3,E,0&+M31G31*,E0%Q57326D8$S1(,
(8+6'60QE@,R?,H@,gM+F$E0F3P,L@,47M0+6',Y'6>@\P,O ró!nych
obliczach altruizmu Y0@,<<o!"<\@,R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,
:3MF$E6,41*$23'@
j3'E$$>P,g@,j@P,/$M8>P,/@P,`T'3*(KP,4@,Y-"""\@,H6+6'K(838+0,
$J,0$1(32,68)3)6K68+,(8,$2>6',K68@,Psychology, Health and
MedicineP,5,Y!\P,A^o;^@
j(22P,:@,`@P,j6'K38=4+3*2P,U,L@,Y-""-\@,:6()*T$'*$$>,03J6+&,
38>,0$1(32,(8q$2q6K68+?,L00$1(3+($80,E(+*,%3'68+(8),T6*3q=
($'0,38>,>6%'600(q6,0&K%+$K0,3K$8),LJ'(138,LK6'(138,38>,
`M'$=LK6'(138,U$+*6'0@,Journal of Family PsychologyP,16,Y-\P,
-"<o-!<@
98)26*3'+P,g@,Y!<;!\@,/$0+=K3+6'(32(0K,(8,38,68q('$8K68+,$J,(806=
1M'(+&@,The American Political Science ReviewP,75,Y_\P,;;"o<""@
98)26*3'+P,g@,Y!<;;\@,h*6,g683(003816,$J,%$2(+(132,1M2+M'6@,The
American Political Science ReviewP,82,Y_\P,!-" o!- "@
98)26*3'+P,g@P,R62762P,#*@,Y-"" \@,/$2(+(132,1M2+M'6,38>,>6K$1=
'31&?,L832&7(8),1'$00=26q62,2(8F3)60@,Comparative PoliticsP,
36,Y!\P,.!oA<@
b3FMT$E0F3P,X@,Y-""^\@,Ekstremizm polityczny@,a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,
R&>3E8(1+E$,/0&1*$2$)(1786@
I3'3T68(1FP,4@,L@P,Z6'86'P,g@,U@P,]661*6'P,U@P,H@,Y!<A \@,g623+($8,
$J,%$2(+(132,3JJ(2(3+($8,+$,*62%(8),T6*3q($',$8,`261+($8,H3&P,
:$q6KT6',AP,!<A-@,Journal of Social PsychologyP,91,Y-\P,
-- o--A@
I622&P,`@,R@P,b'@,Y!<;<\@,4$1(32,1$KK(+K68+,38>,(8>(q(>M32=
(0K,(8,1$M8062(8)@,Journal of Counseling and DevelopmentP,
67,Y.\P, _!o __@
I26T38(MFP,b@,Y-""A\@,LF16%+31G3,8(6'QE8$S1(,0%$56178&1*,G3F$,
%'6>&F3+$',E'$)(6)$,06F0(7KM@,R?,b@,I26T38(MF,Y'6>@\P,Fenomen
nierówno"ci spo ecznych: nierówno"ci spo eczne w refleksji
humanistycznej,Y0@,_-!o__;\@,R3'073E3?,`86+6(3@
I$J+3P,U@P,4N>6FP,a@,Y!<< \@,R&M17$83,T67'3>8$SV?,/$>6GS1(6,
(8J$'K31&G86@,R?,U@,I$J+3,Y'6>@\P,Psychologia aktywno"ci:
zaanga!owanie, sprawstwo, bezradno"#,Y0@!A!o-- \@,/$783W?,
:3F$K@
I$*2T6')P,Z@,Y!<A \@,h*6,123(K,+$,K$'32,3>6zM31&,$J,3,*()*60+,
0+3)6,$J,K$'32,GM>)K68+@,The Journal of PhilosophyP,70,Y!;\P,
. "o._.@
I$'768($E0F(P,I@,Y!<<!\@,Poczucie podmiotowo"ci–alienacji politycznej: uwarunkowania psychospo eczne@,/$783W?,:3F$K@
Z386P,g@,`@,Y!<^<\@,Political life@,:6E,i$'F?,m'66,/'600@
Z3+386P,]@P,H3'26&P,b@,U@,Y!<.;\@,a'$M%,(8*(T(+($8,$J,T&0+38>6',
(8+6'q68+($8,(8,6K6')681(60@,Journal of Personality and Social
PsychologyP,10P,-!^o--!@
,
CLL:aLdeRL:9`,4/ef`#C:`,C,/`g4/`IhiRi,/4i#jeZea9#C:`b,
Z6E(1F3P,U@,Y!<< \@,U61*38(7K&,7338)3D$E38(3,(,F$8+'$2(,
E,>7(3538(M,175$E(6F3@,R?,U@,I$J+3,Y'6>@\P,Psychologia aktywno"ci: zaanga!owanie, sprawstwo, bezradno"#,Y0@,!^o.-\@,
/$783W?,:3F$K@
Z6E(1F3P,U@,Y-"";\@,HEMS1(6DF$E&,K$>62,3F+&E8$S1(,0%$=
561786G?,F3%(+35,0%$56178&,17&,FM2+M'$E&w,R?,H@,gM+F$E0F3P,
L@,47M0+6',Y'6>@\P,O ró!nych obliczach altruizmu Y0@,-_^o-A^\@,
R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,41*$23'@
U6'+$8P,g@,I@,Y-""-\@,Teoria socjologiczna i struktura spo eczna@,R3'073E3?,R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,/R:@
U(2T'3+*P,Z@,R@P,a$62P,U@,Z@,Y!<AA\@,Political participation@,
#*(13)$?,g38>,U1:322&,#$226)6,/MT2(0*(8),#$K%38&@
U('620P,j@,Z@,Y!<A"\@,H(K680($80,$J,(8+6'832,q6'0M0,6v+6'832,1$8+'$2@,
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyP 34P,--.o--;@
:N1F3P,`@,Y-"" \@,Psychologia twórczo"ci@,a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,
R&>3E8(1+E$,/6>3)$)(1786@
:N1F3P,`@P,e'761*$E0F(P,b@P,453T$07P,L@P,47&KM'3P,]@,Y-""^\@,
Trening twórczo"ci@,a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,R&>3E8(1+E$,/0&,=
1*$,,2$,,)(1786@
eK$+$P,L@,U@P,48&>6'P,U@,Y!<<^\@,4M0+3(86>,*62%(8),E(+*$M+,$T2(=
)3+($8?,U$+(q3+($8P,2$8)6q(+&,$J,06'q(16P,38>,%6'16(q6>,3++(=
+M>6,1*38)6,3K$8),L9H4,q$2M8+66'0@,Journal of Personality
and Social PsychologyP,68,Y_\P,.A!o.;.@
/3''&P,a@,Y!<A.\@,h'M0+P,>(0+'M0+,38>,1$80680M0@,British Journal
of Political ScienceP,6,Y-\P,!-<o!_-@
/3M2*M0P,H@,Z@,Y!<; \@,4%*6'6,0%61(J(1,K630M'60,$J,%6'16(q6>,
1$8+'$2@,Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyP,44P,
!-^ o!-.^@
/$'+60P,L@P,468068T'6886'P,b@,Y!<< \@ `KT6>>6>8600,38>,(KK(=
)'3+($8?,:$+60,$8,+*6,0$1(32,>6+6'K(838+0,$J,61$8$K(1,31+($8@,
The American Journal of SociologyP,98,Y.\P,! -"o! ^"@
/M+83KP,g@,H@,Y!<<^3\@,Demokracja w dzia aniuP,+5MK@,b@,4731F(.,
I'3FQE?,C83F@
/M+83KP,g@,H@,Y!<<^T\@,hM8(8),(8P,+M8(8),$M+?,h*6,0+'38)6,>(0=
3%%63'3816,$J,0$1(32,13%(+32,(8,LK6'(13@,Political Science and
PoliticsP,28,Y_\P,.._o.; @
/M+83KP,g@,H@,Y-""_\@,Democracies in flux: The evolution of
social capital in contemporary society.,:6E,i$'F?,evJ$'>,
X8(q6'0(+&,/'600@
g$T(80$8P,b@,/@P,b6''$2>P,a@,g@P,I68>'3P,]@,j@,Y!<.;\@,Measures of
political attitudes@,L88,L'T$'P,U(1*()38?,X8(q6'0(+&,$J,U(1*()38@
g$++6'P,b@,Y!<.A\@,L,86E,01326,J$',+*6,K630M'6K68+,$J,(8+6'%6'=
0$832,+'M0+@,Journal of PersonalityP,35,Y_\P,.^!o..^@
g$++6'P,b@,Y!<<"\@,98+6'832,q6'0M0,6v+6'832,1$8+'$2,$J,'6(8J$'16=
K68+@,American PsychologistP 45,Y_\P,_;<o_< @
41*3226'P,U@P,#(32>(8(P,g@,]@,Y!<;;\@,h*6,61$8$K(10,$J,6K%3+*(1,
*62%(8)?,4M%%$'+,J$',3,K$$>,K383)6K68+,K$+(q6@,Journal of
Experimental,Social PsychologyP 24P,!. o!;!@
41*$J6'P,`@P,m$M'13>6=a$M'(81*30P,U@,Y-""!\@,h*6,0+'M1+M'32,1$8=
+6v+0,$J,1(q(1,68)3)6K68+?,p$2M8+3'&,300$1(3+($8,K6KT6'0*(%,
(8,1$K%3'3+(q6,%6'0%61+(q6@,American Sociological ReviewP,
66,Y.\P,;".o;-;@
41*M27P,R@,Y-""^\@,Political efficacy and expected political participation among lower and upper secondary students. Political
efficacy and expected political participation among lower and
upper secondary students. A comparative analysis with data
!<,
from the IEA Civic Education Study@,U62T$M'86?,LM0+'32(38,
#$M81(2,J$',`>M13+($832,g6063'1*P,!o _@
4N>6FP,a@P,I$J+3P,U@,Y!<< \@,R,%$07MF(E38(M,M8(E6'0328&1*,
E&783178(FQE,7G3E(0F3,E&M17$86G,T67'3>8$S1(?,/'76)2O>,
F230&178&1*,E&8(FQE,6F0%6'&K68+328&1*,(,+60+,6K%('&17=
8&,F$816%1G(,6)$+&0+&1786G@,R?,U@,I$J+3,Y'6>@\P,Psychologia
aktywno"ci: zaanga!owanie, sprawstwo, bezradno"#,Y0@,! o
!A"\@,/$783W?,:3F$K@
4F3'D&W0F3P,I@,Y'6>@\,Y!<<<\@,Psychologia polityczna@,/$783W?,
C&0F,(,4=F3@
4F3'D&W0F3P,I@,Y'6>@\,Y-""-\@,Podstawy psychologii politycznej@,
/$783W?,C&0F,(,4=F3@
4F3'D&W0F3P,I@,Y-""^\@,Cz owiek a polityka. Zarys psychologii politycznejP,+$K,! ,R&F53>QE,7,/0&1*$2$)((@,R3'073E3?,
R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,41*$23'@
4$TF$E(3FP,Z@,Y!<<.\@,/3'+&1&%31G3,%$2(+&1783@,R?,L@,L8+$076E0=
F(P,g@,j6'TM+,Y'6>@\P,Leksykon politologii,Y0@,-;!\@,R'$153E?,
3+23-@
4+6)6'P,U@,m@P,I30*>38P,h@,]@,Y-""<\@,H6%'600($8,38>,6q6'&>3&,
0$1(32,31+(q(+&P,T62$8)(8)P,38>,E622=T6(8)@,Journal of Counseling
PsychologyP,56,Y-\P,-;<o ""@
4+'623MP,b@,Y-"".\@,Temperament jako regulator zachowania@,
a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,R&>3E8(1+E$,/0&1*$2$)(1786@
473'J68T6')P,g@,Y-"!"\@,U3')(832(731G3,(,E&F2M1768(6,0%$5617=
86,o,%38$'3K3,GN7&F$E$=+6$'6+&1783@,R?,g@,473'J68T6')P,
#@,d$5N>$E0F(P,U@,h*6(00,Y'6>@\P,Ubóstwo i wykluczenie spo eczne o perspektywa poznawcza,Y0@,!-!o!_-\@,R3'073E3?,`2(%03@
47+$K%F3P,/@,Y-""-\@,Socjologia@,I'3FQE?,C83F@
47+$K%F3P,/@,Y-""A\@,Zaufanie@,I'3FQE?,C83F@
h6006'P,L@P,4K(+*P,b@,Y!<;"\@,4$K6,6JJ61+0,$J,+30F,'626q3816,38>,
J'(68>0*(%,$8,*62%(8)?,i$M,>$8x+,32E3&0,*62%,+*6,$86,&$M,2(F6@,
Journal of Experimental Social PsychologyP,16,Y.\P,^;-o^<"@
h6006'P,L@,Y!<;;\@,h$E3'>,3,062J=6q32M3+($8,K3(8+683816,K$>62,
$J,0$1(32,T6*3q($'@,R?,Z@,]6'F$E(+7 Advances in experimental social psychologyP,+$K,-!?,Social psychological studies of
the self: Perspectives and programs Y0@,!;!o--A\.,438,H(6)$P,
#LP,X4?,L13>6K(1,/'600@
h*$K%0$8P,I@P,HM'F*6(KP,`@,Y-""_\@,Readings from Emile
Durkheim@,Z$8>$8P,:6E,i$'F?,g$M+26>)6@
h$'86&=/M'+3P,b@P,LK3>6$P,b@,Y-"" \@,L,1'$00=83+($832,3832&0(0,$J,
%$2(+(132,38>,1(q(1,(8q$2q6K68+,3K$8),3>$260168+0@,Political
Science and PoliticsP,36,Y-\P,-.<o-A_@
X0+3E3,$,>7(35328$S1(,%$D&+FM,%MT2(1786)$,(,$,E$2$8+3'(31(6,
Y-"" \P,Dziennik Ustaw,8',<.P,%$7@,;A @,/$T'38$,7?,EEE@
%$7&+6F@)$q@%2,Y!;@"-@-"! \@
p6'T3P,4@P,:(6P,:@,j@,Y!<A-\@,Participation in America. Political
democracy and social equality.,#*(13)$?,h*6,X8(q6'0(+&,$J,
#*(13)$,/'600@
R3+0$8P,H@P,#23'FP,Z@,L@P,U198+&'6P,#@,R@P,j3K3F6'P,4@,Y!<<-\@,
LJJ61+P,%6'0$832(+&,38>,0$1(32,31+(q(+&@,Journal of Personality
and Social PsychologyP,63,Y.\P,!"!!o!"-^@
R*(+6P,g@,R@,Y!<^<\@,U$+(q3+($8,'61$80(>6'6>?,h*6,1$816%+,$J,
1$K%6+6816@,Psychological ReviewP 66,Y^\P,-<Ao
@
R(+F$E0F(P,4@,L@P,I383J3=#*K(626E0F3P,H@,Y-"".\@,/0&1*$2$)(132,
1$8>(+($8(8),$J,%$2(+(132,263>6'0x,(8q$2q6K68+@,Management,
10,Y!\P,!"!o!";@
-",
HegehL,IL:LmLn#jU9`Z`R4IL
R$G1(07F6P,]@,Y-""-\@,Cz owiek w"ród ludzi@,R3'073E3?,R&,=
>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,41*$23'@
R$G1(07F6P,]@,Y-"".\@,Psychologia mi o"ci@,a>3W0F?,a>3W0F(6,
R&>3E8(1+E$,/0&1*$2$)(1786@
C3260F(P,C@,Y!<<!\@,Psychologia zachowa% celowych@,R3'073E3?,
R&>3E8(1+E$,:3MF$E6,/R:@
C(KK6'K38P,U@,L@P,C3*8(06'P,b@,j@,Y!<<!\@,g6J(86K68+0,$J,
0%*6'60%61(J(1,K630M'60,$J,%6'16(q6>,1$8+'$2?,H6q62$%K68+,$J,
3,0$1($%$2(+(132,1$8+'$2,01326@,Journal of Community PsychologyP,
19P,!;<o-"_@
CM1F6'K38P,U@P,a6'T30(P,I@,Y!<AA\@,H(K680($80,$J,+*6,9=`,41326,
38>,+*6(','623+($80*(%,+$,$+*6',%6'0$832(+&,K630M'60@,Educational
and Psychological MeasurementP,37,Y!\P,!^<o!A^@
/0&1*$2$)(132,%6'0%61+(q6,$8,0$1(32,(8q$2q6K68+
H$'$+3,I383J3=#*K(626E0F3
Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw
JP>QRBSQ
h*6, 3'+(126, %'6068+0, %0&1*$2$)(132, >6J(8(+($8, $J, 0$1(32, (8q$2q6K68+P, +*6, 1$816%+, >(0+(8)M(0*6>, J'$K,
%0&1*$2$)(132,(8q$2q6K68+@,/$00(T26,+6'K(8$2$)(132,%'$T26K0,+*3+,138,3'(06,J'$K,`8)2(0*,6zM(q3268+0,$J,+*6,
+6'K,*3q6,T668,>(01M006>@,h*6,3'+(126,320$,>(01M0060,%0&1*$2$)(132,>6+6'K(838+0,$J,0$1(32,(8q$2q6K68+,38>,
23&0,$M+,+*6,3M+*$'x0,K$>62,o,+*6,46zM68+(32,U$>62,$J,4$1(32,98q$2q6K68+,o,E*(1*,(0,3,K$>62,$J,*62%(8),
T6*3q($'@,h*6,K$>62,K3&,06'q6,30,3,+*6$'6+(132,J'3K6E$'F,J$',6K%('(132,0+M>(60,+*3+,E(22,+60+,(+0,q32(>(+&@
I6&E$'>0?#social involvementP trustP self-efficacyP alienation
C5$D$8$?,-!@" @-!"
C5$D$8$,%$%'3E($8&,+6F0+?,_@"A@-"! B!<@"<@-"! B!A@!!@-"!
C33F16%+$E38$,>$,>'MFM?,!;@!!@-"!
