Annual Report 2012
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Annual Report 2012
Tehran Stock Exchange Annual Report 2012 Damavand Peak-Iran Contents CEO Message .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 An Overview of Global Capital Markets in 2012 ................................................................................ 5 Iran’s Economy at a Glance ................................................................................................................................. 5 Highlights of Tehran Stock Exchange in 2012 ....................................................................................... 6 About the Exchange A Brief History of Tehran Stock Exchange ............................................................................................... 8 Organization Directors Values ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Mission Vision Goals Key Financial Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Capital .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Markets and Trading at TSE ................................................................................................................................ 13 Markets of TSE Trading Procedures Listing Requirements at TSE ............................................................................................................................... 16 Market Surveillance .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Statistics Statistics ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Corporate Finance Tables of 2012 Performance TSE Operations TSE Operations in 2012 .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Board of Directors and the Committees Members of the Exchange Protecting Investors Education International Ties Foreign Investment Anti-Money Laundering Regulations Research and Development Industry Roundtables Development Projects 2013 ............................................................................................................................... 29 Contacts .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Key Addresses ................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Attachments List of Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members ............................................................................................... 34 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 ....................................................................................................................... 38 4 Tehran Stock Exchange CEO Message B ased on the statistics distributed by the World Federation of Exchanges, 2012 was a challenging year for the securities market. The total value and volume of some products, including equities, bonds and ETFs in the member Exchanges diminished dramatically. In 2012, the value of equities trading decreased more than 22 percent comparing 2011. The number of derivatives contracts and value of bonds trading both declined 20 percent. However, the total market capitalization of WFE’s members grew more than 15 percent and the average return of the Exchanges raised nearly 14 percent on the basis of their broad indices. Despite real challenges regarding the fluctuations of the currency rates in Iran, tensions existing in the country’s international ties, and the ambiguities in the launching of the subsidy reform plan’s second phase, Tehran Stock Exchange had considerable growth in most of its indicators, including market capitalization, trading value, broad index and free-float level last year. During the last fiscal year (ended 20th March 2013), TSE’s total market capitalization increased more than 33 percent and the trading value of bloc and retail transaction jumped more than 9 percent than its preceding year. The return of the TSE’s broad index for the last fiscal year was about 47 percent, and the Exchange facilitated financing of the listed companies for the value of IRR 57 trillion. Efforts to increase transparency and integrity of the market, as well as its liquidity were carried on through market’s infrastructure improvement, introduction of new investment products and mechanisms, reforming the existing regulations and proposing new rules to be ratified. TSE had considerable achievement in 2012 regarding Iran’s protecting investors index upgrading by the World Bank. In the latest Doing Business report, the country’s rank lifted 17 steps, which is mainly due to the ratification of Disclosure Requirements Directive in the Iranian capital market. Tehran Stock Exchange is perseveringly working to boost relations with its international peers and has dynamic attendance in the global or regional entities of the securities industry; and also hosted FEAS second On-site Training Program November 2012. Annual Report 2012 An Overview of Global Capital Markets in 2012 T he year was a challenging one for Exchanges, in which based on World Federation of Exchanges (WFE), they lost about 22 percent of their equity transactions value. The derivatives trading was also 20 percent down comparing 2011. Other products’ turnover declined as well, including ETFs, securitized derivatives and bonds. The only positive indicator among WFE’s members was market capitalization, which grew 15 percent in 2012 following the sharp decline in its preceding year. and accounted to 46,332 companies. The largest Exchanges by market capitalization at the end of 2012 were NYSE Euronext, NASDAQ OMX, Tokyo SE and London SE, which accounted for about half of the total market capitalization of the global Exchanges. The Exchanges from Hong Kong, China, Canada, Germany and Australia were among the other largest securities market worldwide. In 2012, total global market capitalization reached USD 55 trillion. Among different regions, the Exchanges’ market capitalization in the Americas jumped more than 17 percent to outperform among others; in the next steps stood Asia-Pacific and EAME regions with about 15 and 11 percent increase. The entire equities trading value among WFE Exchanges had an opposite direction than their market capitalization. While the latter increased by 15 percent, the trading value retreated to below USD 50 trillion with about 22 percent downfall. The decline was evident even in the number of trades in equity shares about 14 percent to about 9.8 billion trades in 2012. Despite global market capitalization improvement in 2012, the Exchanges were not doing well over listing new companies. During the year, the total number of listed companies on the Exchanges declined 0.3 percent World Federation of Exchanges estimated due to some global economic recovery and the promising news from some of the developed markets, in the first half of 2013 most of the indicators will be in green. Iran’s Economy at a Glance T here are great economic capacities for Iran in the Middle East region and beyond. The country is located in one of the most strategic geo-economic parts of the world. With a population of about 78 million, mostly young and academically educated, Iran is a fairly vast country of 1.65 million square km, and privileged with opulent natural resources. Iran has the third biggest oil and the second largest natural gas resources in the world. It is estimated that the country holds the first global zinc and the second copper reservoirs, and on the average, with 1 percent of the global population, Iran has 7 percent of mineral resources. Despite copious challenges, Iran’s GDP reached USD 480 billion in 2012, ranking the country second in MENA region and 23rd in the world. 5 Highlights of Tehran Stock Exchange in 2012 Initial public offering of Parsian Oil & Gas, Kish Credit Card, Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery, Mellat Insurance, and transferring Kharazmi Investment from Iran Farabourse to TSE Holding Industry Roundtables forCement and Auto-manufacturing companies in order to discuss with industries’ authorities about the trends, problems and possible solutions Accomplishing the international architecture contest for the new TSE headquarters building with participants from 7 countries: Germany, France, Chile, the Netherlands, Australia, Austria and Canada Issuing of participation bonds of the auto-manufacturer SAIPA Launching new trading instrument, embedded put options for the selected companies Contributing in the 6th Exhibition of Exchange, Bank and Insurance in Tehran, Iran Hosting 2nd FEAS On-site Training Program in the Iranian capital market with several attendants from 7 countries for the two-week event Participating in the provincial capital market exhibitions in Shiraz and Isfahan Signing of a memorandum of understanding with Karachi Stock Exchange to further boost the cooperation and relationship Developing dissemination infrastructure and data management policy About The Exchange 8 Tehran Stock Exchange A Brief History of Tehran Stock Exchange T SE was established in February 1967, as the first Exchange in Iran. At the outset, only six companies were listed in TSE. The Government bonds and certain state-backed certificates were later traded in the market. Tehran Stock Exchange has come a long way and has evolved into an exciting and growing marketplace where individual and institutional investors trade different securities. The number of listed companies increased to over 420 by early 2000s; however, more recently, due to market development and the launching of a new Exchange for SMEs, as well as, upgrading TSE’s listing requirements some less qualified companies were de-listed from TSE and transferred to the other Exchange. In the period of 1967 to 1978, the number of listed companies and their capital raised from 6 and IRR 6.2 billion to 105 (22 private banks, 2 insurance companies, and 81 industrial corporations) and IRR 240 billion. In 1967 aboutIRR 15 million shares and bonds were traded in TSE and the figure increased to IRR 34.2 billion in 1978. Actually, most of this development activity was due to the ratification of share ownership development laws for manufacturing entities and tax exemption for the listed companies. The trading activities diminished during 1980s due to the conflicts with the neighboring country, Iraq. In 1982 only IRR 9 million were traded in the Exchange. However, the trend shifted by a conciliatory resolution at the end of the decade, whenthe annual trading value at TSE soared to IRR 9.9 billion. After decades of TSE’s activity in the Iranian economy, the capital market authorities started to think about reformation. Therefore, enactment of the new market law in 2005 provided more capacity for market growth and investment. New entities were established due to the modern requirements and recent regulations have been approved for more development. Historical Highlights tse.ir Establishment Law of the Stock Exchange was approved 1966 Tehran Stock Exchange commenced equities trading on Feb. 4th 1967 Trade of Treasury and Land Reform Bills started 1969 Enactment of the law for usury-free banking 1983 Economic and market growth of the post –war construction activities 1988 Membership in World Federation of Exchanges as a full member 1992 Co-founding the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges 1995 Capital market physical development around the country; principal steps in dissemination of information, education and development of financial products 2002 Licensing the listed companies to issue corporate bonds 2003 Ratification of new market law 2005 Demutualization of TSE; Iranian capital market re-structuring 2006 Launching Privatization Plan of the state-owned companies 2007 Establishment of SMEs Exchange (Iran Farabourse); launching the first mutual fund in the market 2008 Foreign investment deregulation; launching single – stock futures market and on-line trading services – Chairman of FEAS until 2012 2010 Launching a new derivatives product: Embedded Put Option 2012 Annual Report 2012 Organization The top executive of Tehran Stock Exchange is the board-elected CEO, who supervises the departments and deputies as shown in the chart below: General Compensation Assembly Committee Advisors Board of Strategic Directors & Risk Management Committee Board of Directors Secretariat Advisors Internal Auditing Auditing Committee CEO CEO Office Physical Security Public Relations & International Dept. Legal & Contract Affairs Dept. Logistics Issuers & Market Development Deputy Members Deputy Deputy Deputy Finance Issuers Operations Dept. Dept. Dept. Administration Listing Data & Information Dept. Dept. Dept. Information Technology Members Market Surveillance Dept. Dept. & Systems Dept. Research & Development Dept. Organizational Excellence Dept. Investment Development Dept. Staff Structure (Financial Year Ended March 20th 2013) Level of Education Tehran Headquarter Regional Floors Total % of Total PhD 2 4 6 2 Master’s 63 17 80 31 Bachelor’s 48 48 96 37 Associate’s 7 10 17 7 General Diploma and Below 36 23 59 23 Total 156 102 258 100 9 10 Tehran Stock Exchange Directors Board of Directors Hamid Reza Rafiei Chairman of the Board Amir Hossein Erza Vice Chairman of the Board Seyed Mojtaba Fahim Hashemi Member of the Board Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammad Pourzarandi Member of the Board Ali Rostami Member of the Board Hossein Salimi Member of the Board Behrooz Zare Member of the Board Executive Officers tse.ir Hassan Ghalibaf Asl CEO and President Mohammadreza Arabi MazraeShahi Vice President, Listing and Members Ahmad Javidigharicheh Vice President, Administration Ali Sahraee Vice President, Market Shahram Daneshvar Director, Members Department Maryam Ebrahimi Director, Legal Department Kazem Farhang Director, IT Department Habibreza Haddadi Siahkali Director, Financial Department Seyed mohammad Hasheminejad Director, Investment Development Department Aliabbas Karimi Director, Research and Development Department Ramin Malmasi Director, Organizational Excellence Department Naser Omidvari Director, Internal Auditing Department Mohammadali Pouladi Baghbaderani Director, Administration Department Esmaeil Dargahi Head, Listing Department Tuba Dehghani Ahmadabad Head, Operation Department Seyed Rouhollah Hosseini Moghaddam Head, Issuers Department Samira Khoshnood Head, Market surveillance Department Hossein Moraveji Tabasi Head, Regional Floors Department Hamid Rouhbakhsh Amoli Moghaddam Head, PR and International Department Annual Report 2012 Values Mission Launching a fair, efficient and transparent market equipped with diversified instruments and easy access to create added value for the stakeholders Vision The region s leading Exchange and country s economic growth drive Goals 1. Increasing the share of capital market in financing the economic productive activities 2. Applying effective rules and procedures to protect the market's integrity and shareholders' rights 3. Expanding market with the use of updated and efficient technology and processes 4. Developing financial knowledge and improving investment and shareholding culture in Iran 5. Treating all stakeholders with the principles of accountability and transparency 6. Constant expansion of the company's intellectual properties and human resources 7. Value creation for the shareholders 11 12 Tehran Stock Exchange Key Financial Figures Indicators Financial Year ended 20th March 2013 (IRR billion) Financial Year ended 19th March 2012 (IRR billion) Change % Operating Incomes 295 250 18 Total Expenses 162 127 27.56 Operating Profit 147 128 14.84 EBIT 201 184 9.24 Net Profit 164 153 7.19 Cash Flows from Operations 164 120 36.67 EPS (IRR) 545 509 7.07 Current Assets 236 221 6.79 Total Assets 692 535 29.35 Total Liabilities 89 63 41.27 Registered Capital 300 300 - Total Equity 604 472 27.97 Personnel (Number) 258 256 0.78 Capital T he initial registered capital of Tehran Stock Exchange was IRR 150 billion, distributed in 150 million fully paid ordinary shares. The extraordinary general meeting on October 2010 ratified TSE’s capital increase for 100 percent financed by the Exchange’s prudent reserves and accumulated profits. Shareholders Based on the article 54 of the securities market law, each legal and personal entity is liable to hold at maximum 2.5 percent of TSE’s shares, directly or indirectly. The shareholders are divided into three main groups; brokerage firms, financial entities, retail shareholders as mentioned in the table. tse.ir Groups No. of Shareholders No. of Shares % of Total Brokerage Firms 74 101873997 34 Financial Entities 72 117767997 39.2 Retail Shareholders 5576 80358006 26.8 Total 5722 300000000 100 Annual Report 2012 Markets and Trading at TSE T he trading system is an order driven system, which matches buying and selling orders of the investors. Investors can place their orders with TSE accredited brokers, who enter these orders into the trading system. Then, the system automatically matches buy and sell orders of a particular security based on the price and quantity requirements. The mechanism for which the price of equities is determined is as follows: The best price (price priority) Time of order priority Under the price priority rule, a selling (buying) order with the lowest (highest) price takes precedence. Under the time priority rule, an earlier order takes precedence over others at the same price. Thus, when the lowest sell and the highest buy orders match in price, the transaction is executed at the price. In short, the TSE market is a pure order- driven Market. The trading system also generates and displays details of current and historical trading activity, including prices, volumes traded and outstanding buy and sell orders. This ensures that investors have the required information to be able to take informed investment decisions. TSE has cash, derivatives and bond markets. The cash market, itself, divided into two markets: First market (including two boards) and second market. There is a separate market for participation certificate (Islamic Bonds). The futures market launched in the middle of 2010 with listing the single stock future. 13 14 Tehran Stock Exchange Markets of TSE Tehran Stock Exchange has two equity markets, as well as two separated markets for bonds and derivatives. Equity Markets 1. First Market, including Main and Secondary boards 2. Second Market Equity listing at TSE is carried out based on the companies’ registered capital, number of shareholders, free-float level, the record of profitability, etc. After listing, the companies’ shares will be graded and traded in one of the following markets and boards. Bonds Market The public, municipality, and Securities and Exchange Organization’s registered companies’ participating bonds can be issued at TSE. In 2012, the car manufacturer SAIPA, as well as Shiraz municipality offered their bonds at Tehran Stock Exchange. Derivatives Instruments 1. Single stock Futures Contracts This product was introduced in July 2010 and during 2012 the contracts were traded based on 14 underlying assets. 2. Embedded Put Option Contracts The contracts were launched in 2012 with 6 TSE’s listed companies. tse.ir Annual Report 2012 Trading Procedures Opening an Account Investors willing to start trading in TSE should open a trading and Central Securities Depository (CSD) account with a TSE accredited broker. GivingOrder Give an order to your broker to buy or sell a specified number of shares of a company at market or a specified price. Placing Order Your orders are keyed into TSE's fully automated trading system by your broker. Matching System automatically matches buy and sell orders of a particular security based on the price and quantity requirements. All prices which orders are matched are determined by market forces of supply and demand through a process of bids and offers. Clearing CSDI accomplishes clearing and settlement of trading and uses book an entry system to keep track of the movement of shares which arise from trades affected on TSE. All buy orders are paid in advance and sellers receive the net proceeds within three working days (T+3) of the conclusion of the deal. The seller broker is obliged to complete the relevant formalities and hand over the traded shares to buyer on T+3. Trading Days of Trading Saturdays - Wednesdays Trading Hours 9:00 – 12:00 (8:30 – 9:00 Pre-opening) Mechanism Opening/Continuous Auction Tradable Instruments Shares and Rights – Derivatives - Bonds Trading Currency Iranian Rial (IRR) System Automated Trading System (ATS) (Order-driven) Clearing & Settlement Period T+3 Clearing Netting Settlement Book Entry Dividend Tax Exempt Capital Gain Tax Exempt Transaction Tax (Selling) 0.5% Companies Profit Tax (%) 22.5 (including 10% exemption for the listed companies) Daily Fluctuation (%) +/- 4 Shares, +/-8 Rights, +/- 1 Bonds 15 16 Tehran Stock Exchange Listing Requirements at TSE First Market – Main Board First Market – Secondary Board Second Market Minimum Capital (IRR billion) 1000 500 200 Minimum Years of Operation 3 2 2 Minimum Free-float % 20 15 10 Minimum No. of Shareholders 1000 750 250 Years of Profitability Prior to Listing 3 2 1 Asset/Equity % 30 20 15 No. of Listed Companies (2012 end) 64 56 202 Market Making Optional Optional Obligatory Market Surveillance Tehran Stock Exchange applies the surveillance software to maintain its market’s integrity. The surveillance department at TSE is a sub-division of Market deputy. The department monitors market’s operations to prevent manipulations and violations, reports the cases to the brokerages and superior surveillance bodies, and proposes development projects and amendments to the existing regulations. ARAMIS (Automated Real-time Alerts for Market Intelligence Supervision) is based on the use of virtual desktops. One can build several desktops with different screens, each displaying its own data. This enables you to set up various screen layouts in order to track data on different subjects. The data that can be displayed through the various ARAMIS screens can be grouped into several types. For each type of information a new window can be opened within each virtual desktop. In most of these window types, one or more values for the requested information type can be shown. ARAMIS helps surveillance teams detect: • Market or price manipulation tse.ir • Insider trading • Fraudulent or deceitful conduct • Continuous collection of data with configurable triggers provides real-time alerting • Predefined and configurable investigation time reports reduce PAM displays real-time trading data for monitoring securities trading, price movement, traded volume, and buy and sell orders that are sent to the Exchange. PAM Provides customized functions for: • Point and trade, basket orders and cross trading • Position monitoring, reporting and order history audit • Market watch alerts and tickers ARTIMA extracts lists of events from transaction logs in accordance with the request set. Reports are available in two formats (PDF & XLS) SAMPA-PRO is a new surveillance program designed to support the domestic characteristics of the trading system. The program is designed by SEO. Statistics 18 Tehran Stock Exchange Statistics Corporate Finance amount of IRR 57518 billion. The table elaborates on the financing sources applied by Tehran Stock Exchange’s listed companies in the past two years. During the last Iranian year 51 TSE’s listed companies increased their capital through the Exchange for the total Financial Year ended 20th March 2013 (IRR billion) Financial Year ended 19th March 2012 (IRR billion) Sources Companies No. Value(IRR bil) % of Total Companies No. Value (IRR bil) % of Total Cash Flow and Credits 29 22787 40 40 23421 31 Reserves 12 20456 36 22 20073 27 Cash-Credits-Reserves 10 14275 25 20 31722 42 Total 51 57518 100 82 75242 100 Tables of 2012 Performance TSE Top 10 Companies by Market Capitalization (December 2012) No. Company Market Cap. (IRR billion) % of Total 1 National Iranian Copper Industries 135,912 8.04 2 Mobarake Steel 123,917 7.33 3 Iran Telecommunication 104,133 6.16 4 Qadir Investment 75,600 4.47 5 Gole –e Gohar Iron Ore 72,792 4.3 6 Chadormalou Mining & Industrial 71,520 4.23 7 Parsian Oil & Gas Development 70,860 4.19 8 Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery 61,589 3.64 9 Omid Investment 58,860 3.48 10 Padris Petrochemical 57,911 3.42 Total Market 1,691,273 TSE Trading Value Outperformers 2012 No. Company Trading Value (IRR billion) % of Total 1 National Iranian Copper Industries 14,060 6.45 2 Parsian Oil & Gas Development 13,933 6.39 3 Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery 9,409 4.31 4 Mobarake Steel 7,978 3.66 5 Omid Investment Group 6,943 3.18 6 Mines & Metals Development 6,629 3.04 7 Padris Petrochemical 6,120 2.81 8 Pasargad Bank 6,076 2.79 9 Qadir Investment 5,500 2.52 5,099 2.34 10 SAIPA Total Market tse.ir 218,070 Annual Report 2012 TSE Trading Volume Outperformers 2012 No. Company Trading Volume (million shares) % of Total 1 SAIPA 4,233 5.65 2 Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery 4,125 5.51 3 Pasargad Bank 3,660 4.89 4 Bank Mellat 2,645 3.53 5 National Iranian Copper Industries 2,376 3.17 6 Mobarake Steel 2,364 3.16 7 Parsian Oil & Gas Development 2,183 2.92 8 Mines & Metals Development 1,547 2.07 9 Mellat Investment 1,466 1.96 1,411 1.88 10 Omid Investment Group Total Market 74,855 TSE’s Industrial Sectors’ Market Capitalization December 2012 Sector December 2011 % MC Change # of Listed Companies Market Capitalization (billion IRR) % of Total MC # of Listed Companies Market Capitalization (billion IRR) % of Total MC Basic Metals 22 375,024.30 22.17 24 194,973.40 16.28 92.35 Chemical Products 29 243,145.30 14.38 29 83,697.60 6.99 190.50 Monetary Intermediation 10 201,687.70 11.93 10 234,419.40 19.58 -13.96 Metal Ores Mining 8 190,567.70 11.27 8 100,518.90 8.4 89.58 Diversified Industries 4 168,201.60 9.95 4 113,695.30 9.5 47.94 Refined Petroleum & Nuclear Products 6 111,511.80 6.59 6 30,634.60 2.56 264.01 Post & Telecommunications 1 104,133.20 6.16 1 143,401 11.98 -27.38 Motor Vehicles & Auto Parts 31 42,890.40 2.54 31 66,385.80 5.54 -35.39 Investment Companies 15 38,799.80 2.29 14 29,611 2.47 31.03 Cement, Lime & Plaster 30 37,693.50 2.23 30 33,646.60 2.81 12.03 19 20 Tehran Stock Exchange TSE’s Industrial Sectors’ Market Capitalization December 2012 Sector % MC Change # of Listed Companies % of Total MC # of Listed Companies Market Capitalization (billion IRR) % of Total MC Technical & Engineering Services 2 26,105.70 1.54 2 21,632.60 1.81 20.68 Pharmaceutical Products 27 25,706.80 1.52 27 31,470.30 2.63 -18.31 Computers 5 22,489.30 1.33 4 17,580.30 1.47 27.92 Real Estate & Construction 12 16,869.10 1 12 15,313.70 1.28 10.16 Food & Beverages 20 15,218.70 0.9 22 14,600.30 1.22 4.24 Transportation & Storage 5 14,208.70 0.84 4 9,624.90 0.8 47.62 Sugar & By-products 12 8,027 0.47 14 5,146.70 0.43 55.96 Insurance & Pension Funds 5 8,015 0.47 4 6,973.90 0.58 14.93 Oil & Gas Extraction 1 7,360.30 0.44 1 5,596.40 0.47 31.52 Electrical Machinery 8 6,561.10 0.39 11 9,917.50 0.83 -33.84 Machinery &Equipments 14 4,770.70 0.28 16 4,289 0.36 11.23 Financial Leasing 4 4,225.70 0.25 4 4,774.60 0.4 -11.50 Fabricated Metal Products 7 4,061.30 0.24 9 2,530.90 0.21 60.47 Rubber & Plastic Products 8 3,770.90 0.22 10 2,540.40 0.21 48.44 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 12 3,010.10 0.18 20 2,743.40 0.23 9.72 Ceramic & Tiles 10 2,482.40 0.15 10 3,440.40 0.29 -27.85 Tanning & Dressing of Leather 1 1,350.80 0.08 1 1,843.30 0.15 -26.72 Medical, Precision & Optical Instruments 1 1,324.30 0.08 1 1,825.10 0.15 -27.44 Agriculture 1 682.7 0.04 1 229.4 0.02 197.60 Paper Products 2 298.5 0.02 4 369.8 0.03 -19.28 Textiles 3 278 0.02 3 322.6 0.03 -13.83 1 231 0.01 4 389.6 0.03 -40.71 1 181.4 0.01 1 161.9 0.01 12.04 Coal & Lignite Mining 1 164.5 0.01 1 371.8 0.03 -55.76 Wood Products 2 137.5 0.01 2 88.3 0.01 55.72 Other Mining & Quarrying 1 86 0.01 1 88.6 0.01 -2.93 Industrial Contractors 0 - - 1 2,470.50 0.21 -100.00 Radio, TV & Communication Equipment Publishing, Printing & Reproduction Total Market Capitalization tse.ir December 2011 Market Capitalization (billion IRR) 1,691,273 1,197,320 41.25 Market Capitaliza�on in Top 10 Sectors Annual Report 2012 2011 Basic Metals MarketCapitaliza�on Capitaliza�onininTop Top10 10Sectors Sectors Market Basic Metals Chemical Products Market Chemical Products 2011Monetary Capitalization in Top 10 Sectors 2011 2011 Intermediation Metal Ores Mining Basic BasicMetals Metals Monetary Intermediation Metal Ores Mining Basic Metals 2012 Basic Metals DiversifiedChemical Industries Products Chemical Products Diversified Industries Chemical Products Chemical Products Refined Petroleum Monetary Monetary& Nuclear Products Intermediation Intermediation Post & Metal MetalOres OresMining Mining Telecommunications Diversified Industries Diversified Industries Motor Vehicles & Auto Parts Refined Petroleum Refined Petroleum&& Investment Companies Refined Petroleum & Monetary Monetary Nuclear Products Intermediation Intermediation PostMetal &Metal Ores Mining Ores Mining Telecommunications Diversified Industries Industries MotorDiversified Vehicles & Auto Parts Refined Petroleum && Refined Petroleum Investment Nuclear Products Nuclear Products Companies Post && Post Cement, Lime & Telecommunications Telecommunications Plaster Motor Vehicles && Motor Vehicles Others Auto Parts Nuclear NuclearProducts Products Post & Telecommunications Telecommunications Motor MotorVehicles Vehicles&&Auto Auto Parts Parts Investment InvestmentCompanies Companies Post&&Plaster Cement, Lime Others Auto Parts Investment Investment Companies Companies Cement, Lime && Cement, Lime Plaster Plaster Others Others Cement, Cement,Lime Lime&&Plaster Plaster Others Others Market Capitaliza�on 2012 Market Capitalization 2012 (USD billion) Market MarketCapitaliza�on Capitaliza�on2012 2012 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 103 102 107 108 104 97 150 150 125 103 125 103 102 107 108 102 107 108 104 104 100 100 75 75 50 50 JAN25 FEB 25 MAR APR MAY JUN 00 91 97 97 91 91 91 JUL JAN JAN FEB FEB MAR MAR APR APR MAY MAY JUN JUN 9191 AUG JUL JUL SEP AUG AUG Broad Index 2012 Broad BroadIndex Index2012 2012 107 107 OCT SEP SEP 141 120 115 107 141 141 120 120 115 115 USD… NOV OCT OCT NOV NOV DEC DEC DEC USD …… USD 21 22 Tehran Stock Exchange 38000 37860 36000 34000 32000 Broad Index 2012 ( 38000 30000 36000 28000 38000 26000 38000 34000 37860 38000 26576 38000 37860 37860 25913 2400036000 32000 36000JAN 36000 36000 FEB MAR APR 34000 30000 MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 34000 32000 32000 26000 32000 Daily Average Equity Turnover 2012 3200026576 28000 TEDPIX 29207 TEDPIX TEDPIX TEDPIX TEDPIX 25913 30000 DEC 24000 30000 JAN 28000 OCT 28000 SEP 37860 37860 24584 34000 34000 NOV TEDPIX ) 29207 30000 30000 24584 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 29207 JUL AUG SEP 28000 28000 OCT NOV DEC 29207 29207 29207 26576 26576 2600025913 25913 26576 26576 JUL 26000 26000 Daily Average 25913 25913 Equity Turnover 2012 24584 USD 24584 million JUN 24000 24000 24584 24584 MAY 24000 JAN24000 FEB JANMAR FEB APR MARMAY APRJUN MAYJUL JUNAUG JUL SEP AUGOCT SEPNOV OCTDEC NOV DEC APR DEC JAN FEB MAR JANAPR FEBMAY MARJUN APRJUL MAYAUG JUNSEPJULOCT AUGNOV SEPDEC OCT NOV DEC MAR AUG26000 NOV FEB OCT JAN SEP 0 10 AUG 20 30 40 JUL 60 70 80 90 Daily Average Equity Turnover 2012 ( USD million ) JUN MAY APRDEC DEC NOVDEC DEC MAR NOV FEB NOV OCT JAN OCTSEP OCTNOV SEPOCT 0 SEP AUG AUGJUL 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 USD million USD million USD million USD million Equi�es Turnover 2012 APRMAY MARAPR MARFEB FEBJAN 0 Equi�es Turnover 2012 JUN JUL MAYJUN MAY APR APR MAR JAN 20 AUG SEP JULAUG JULJUN JUN MAY tse.ir 50 Daily Average Daily Average Equity Turnover Equity Turnover 2012 2012 Daily Average Daily Equity Average Turnover Equity 2012 Turnover 2012 FEBMAR JANFEB 0 10 JAN 100 020 20 10 10 30 30 20 20 40 40 30 30 50 50 40 40 60 60 50 50 70 70 60 60 80 80 70 70 90 Equi�esEqui�es Turnover Turnover 2012 2012 Equi�es Turnover Equi�es 2012 Turnover 2012 90 80 80 90 90 DEC Annual Report 2012 NOV OCT SEP AUG JUL Equities Turnover 2012 ( USD billion ) JUN MAY APR DEC DEC FEB NOV NOV MAR JAN OCT OCT 0 0.5 SEP 1 1.5 SEP AUG AUG JUL JUL JUN JUN MAY MAY APR APR MAR MAR FEB FEB JAN JAN 0 0.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 USD billion 0 1 0.51.5 1 2 1.52.5 2 3 2.53.5 3 3.5 Market Indicators 2012 2011 % Change Broad Index (TEDPIX) 37,860 24,403 55.1 Market Capitalization (billion IRR) 1,691,273 1,197,320 41.25 Trading Volume (Shares & Rights) (million shares) 74,855 69,938 7.03 Turnover (billion IRR) 218,070 213,488.1 2.15 No. of Newly Listed Companies 6 6 - Value of State-owned Offerings (billion IRR) 2,921 20,864 -86 Volume of State-owned Offerings (million shares) 1,401 6,287 -77.71 No. of Listed Companies 322 347 -7.2 Turnover Velocity 12.9 17.83 -27.6 Number of Trades 4,969,542 4,450,135 11.7 Bonds and Derivatives in 2012 Bonds Futures Option Volume 5,000,990 838 6,267,710 Value (IRR million) 5,001,091 26,599 300 USD billion 23 TSE Operations 26 Tehran Stock Exchange TSE Operations in 2012 Board of Directors and the Committees T ehran Stock Exchange’s board of directors attended in 26 meeting sessions during the previous financial year ended 20th March 2013. The sevenmember board includes 3 technical and 2 subsidiary committees: Auditing, Risk and Strategic Management, Remuneration, Regulations, and Building Project. The auditing committee is in charge of internal auditing surveillance, as well as proposing independent auditors to the board, reviewing the auditing reports and tracking the prompt reforming measures in the processes for controlling the weaknesses and shortcomings. The risk and strategic management committee is the board body which is responsible for monitoring the management activities regarding strategic and liquidity, reputation, operational and other risk policies. The committee has an integral role for the top management to access the objectives, and reports regarding all subjects related to governance, regulations and risk management. The committee has 3 members, a board member, a CEO-chosen executive, and a board-verified expert. Some independent figures may be invited in some sessions as well. To examine the payment andcompensationprocess and policies of TSE’s personnel and to ensure that they run along with the set values of the Exchange, remuneration committee is established. The boardchosen three members of the committee carry out all decision making and surveillance about TSE’s payment and bonus projects. TSE’s board of directors has established the regulations Trading Stations TSE is building its new headquarters in the north western part of Tehran, and for the same reason the building project committee counsels the board for accomplishing the project. During the previous year, a contest was held among some international architectural companies for the new premises designing. The winners received their awards and the technical phases of construction operations based on the designated plan has initiated since December 2012. Members of the Exchange A t the end of the last financial year (ended 20th March 2013) 94 Tehran Stock Exchange’s member brokerage firms with 945 trading stations in the country were providing services to their clients. 83 firms out of the total number had on-line access for the investors, 59 were listing consultants, 43 companies provided portfolio management services and 70 firms had mutual funds. In order to facilitate the investors’ access in the provinces, provide training courses about capital market to the public, develop the brokerage network around the country and deliver all market operations in most of the Iranian cities, TSE’s regional floors are of great importance. # in Financial Year ended 20th March 2013 # in Financial Year ended 19th March 2012 Change % Brokerage Firms 94 88 6.82 Brokerages with On-line Services 84 67 25.37 Trading Stations in the Headquarter 93 87 6.90 Trading Stations in Tehran Brokerages Offices 289 260 11.15 Trading Stations in Provincial Brokerage Offices 333 295 12.88 Trading Stations in TSE’s Regional Floors 212 154 37.66 Trading Floors of the Mutual Funds 18 18 - Total Trading Stations 945 814 16.09 List of TSE’s members are in the attachments. tse.ir committee in order to increase the efficiency of its activities. The committee supervises the regulations observance and executive procedures in the Exchange; it is the legally responsible to validate operation license of the brokerage firms’ offices, as well as regional trading floors, and to resolve about the cases of law infringement and violations. Annual Report 2012 Protecting Investors I n words of the World Bank, this protection is a measurement of how efficient minority shareholders are looked after against misuse of corporate assets by directors for their personal gain, and the most recent data was released in June 2012. The measurement is a part of Doing Business project. The project monitors minority shareholders rights in public companies and the related legal and executive protections against such rights. Whether directors’ interests are in conflict with those of the enterprises, or how minority shareholders are able to protect their rights against such behaviors are taken into consideration. Protecting Investors rank of Iran in 2012 was 167, which promoted to 150 in 2013. The main reason behind this improvement was the ratification of Disclosure Requirements Directive. Such a directive and issuers’ liability to disclose information, directors’ responsibility against contracts and agreements, and minority shareholders’ facilitated complaint process are among the factors which improved Iran’s rank of investors’ protection globally. To reach the appropriate rank, revisions to the commerce act, securities market law, bonds and capital market’s surveillance regulations are indispensable. Education T ehran Stock Exchange as the oldest entity of the Iranian capital market considers itself responsible for increasing public awareness and financial literacy of the market’s participants and all those who are willing to invest their funds in the capital market. For the same reason, a part of TSE’s website is dedicated to Education Portal (http://tse.ir/amuzesh/). Public, investors, young shareholders, brokers, and issuers may find their related subjects in the portal. The less experienced investors can also find a trading simulation at http://irvex.ir/, which is a virtual Exchange, where the participants learn about the capital market’s basic subjects and are allowed to have a real-like trading practice on their account at TSE. The website is designed by the Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO). Investment Development Department at TSE is in charge of public training and has published 20 books, magazines and brochures in 2012. TSE held more than 40 different training courses, seminars and conferences to improve the market participants’ knowledge, which account for more than 31 thousand person-hours of trainees. The activities are either exclusively carried out by TSE or in cooperation with six renowned universities of Iran. Moreover, 38 delegates from academies, colleges and schools had their Exchange tour in 2012, in which the participants are presented about TSE and market’s fundamentals. International Ties T ehran Stock Exchange is a member of international capital market entities since 1990s, and the local policies have encouraged TSE’s global participation and contribution. TSE’s international ties and participation have recently developed dramatically. Since its demutualization in 2006, Tehran Stock Exchange has signed cooperation contracts and MoUs with stock exchanges in different parts of the world including Korea, Pakistan, Cyprus, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. TSE was the chairman of Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges between 2010 and 2012, and also hosted the first working committee of OIC Member States’ Stock Exchanges Forum in 2009, as well as the second FEAS On-site Training Program in 2012. Both events were held in Tehran, and were attended by dozens of delegates from the Euro-Asian capital markets. Foreign Investment U pon the recommendation No. 22159 of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance on April 11 2010, and by virtue of the paragraph 3 of article 4 of the Securities Market Law of I.R.I ratified in 2005, the Council of Ministers approved «The Regulations Governing Foreign Investment in the Exchanges and OTC Markets» on April 18. 2010. The text of the regulations can be found at http://www.tse.ir/cms/default.aspx?tabid=81. Though the foreigners were able to invest in the Iranian capital market before the above rule’s ratification, the new regulations have facilitated the investment. Currently foreign investors are categorized into two main groups: Strategic and Non-strategic investors. Those with up to ten percent of ownership in any listed company’s equities are Non-strategic foreign investors, who have no restriction for the earnings and principal capital repatriation. However, the investors willing to own more percentages in TSE’s listed companies are considered as Strategic foreign investors. For this group, the principal capital repatriation will not be sooner than two years. Based on the mentioned regulations, the number of shares owned by the total foreign investors shall not exceed twenty percent of the total shares number of the companies listed in the Exchange, or twenty percent of the shares number of any company listed in the Exchange. 27 28 Tehran Stock Exchange Anti-Money Laundering Regulations A pplying proper regulations to overcome money laundering may result in diminishing financial crimes and more stability in the market and financial entities, which all will end in economic development. Pursuing enforcement of the Iranian Constitution’s article 49, the anti –money laundering regulation was ratified by the Parliament in 2007 and the related executive bylaw was issued two years later. In this text, money laundering is considered as an offense as described in Vienna Convention. As the entity in charge of market’s regulating and surveillance, Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) is liable to enforce the law to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing through the Iranian capital market. SEO’s anti money laundering division has developed asuspicious operation and trading integrated reporting system. The system provides data and indicators of such transactions and the related clients or traders and their accounts and records. The findings will be forwarded to the related authorities. Research and Development T ehran Stock Exchange carried out some feasibility studies during last year to launch new financial instruments: • Inflation Protected bonds • Convertible bonds • Warrants The research and development department of TSE also provided the regulations required to apply equities trading on the basis of Salam contracts. The Exchange has examined the market’s regulations for high frequency trading, as well as algorithmic trading. Efforts were also made to provide Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) for TSE, and a study was done to launch hedge funds in the Iranian capital market. Reviewing market’s microstructure and the related rules to secure market’s integrity and improve its liquidity, and also surveying the troubles with the online trading system were among TSE’s last year research projects. Industry Roundtables T he roundtable sessions are held at Tehran Stock Exchange in order to bring coordination between capital market, issuers and the related industries to remain updated about the challenges and to tackle the complexities. Each industry’s roundtable is usually proposed and planned following the sector’s destabilized performance and weakened trend, and will be held by CEO’s approval. Listed companies’ CEOs, and their major shareholders, prominent figures in the industry, as well as the representatives of TSE and SEO are invited to the sessions for the discussions. In the previous year, cement, auto manufacturing, petrochemical and refinery industries’ roundtables were held in the Exchange. tse.ir Annual Report 2012 Development Projects 2013 Reviewing the trading procedures and regulations and develop mechanized surveillance whistleblowers Launching corporate governance index Revising TSE’s Listing Directives Studying and introducing new trading products; ETFs, Insurance Funds, etc Confining market manipulation through new regulations Maintaining the new TSE’s premises construction project (phase 2) Upgrading accessibility and security of the Exchange’s website Establishing anti money laundering principles in TSE 29 30 Tehran Stock Exchange Contacts Tehran Stock Exchange No. 192, Hafiz Avenue 1138964161 Tehran, Iran www.tse.ir PR & International Department T +98 21 6674 0341 - +98 21 6673 0776 F +98 21 6671 0111 E [email protected] Legal Affairs T +98 21 6675 0079 F +98 21 6670 6127 Financial Department T +98 21 6675 0084 F +98 21 6675 0085 IT T +98 21 6676 0545 F +98 21 6671 6571 tse.ir Annual Report 2012 Key Addresses Securities and Exchange Organization http://www.seo.ir Central Securities Depository of Iran http://www.csdiran.com Tehran Securities Exchange Technology Management Company http://www.tsetmc.com Iran Farabourse http://irfarabourse.com Iran Energy Exchange http://www.irenex.ir Iran Mercantile Exchange http://new.ime.co.ir Organization for Investment, Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran http://www.investiniran.ir/en/home 31 32 Tehran Stock Exchange tse.ir Tachar/Persepolis-Iran Annual Report 2012 Attachments 33 34 Tehran Stock Exchange List of Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members tse.ir No Name TEL* FAX Website E-mail Rank** 1 Aban 88553030 85510 88556080 abanbroker.com [email protected] A 2 Abtin Stock 88939890-91 88809271 88939821 abtinstock.com [email protected] C 3 Apadana 88731716 88534066 88732873 88741582 88732873 apadanabroker.com apadana. [email protected] B 4 Atisaz Bazar 88215800-2 88614405-8 88215800-2 www.atibroker.ir www.atibroker.com [email protected] B 5 Atieh 66710285 66716285 66742071 66701235 atieh-broker.com [email protected] B 6 Arad Iranian 42718000 42718000 aradbourse.com [email protected] A 7 ArmanTadbireNaghsheJahan 0311-6615973 0311-6414710-12 03116615973 armanbroker.ir [email protected] B 8 Armoon Bourse 88706570 88718879 armoonbourse.com [email protected] B 9 Aria Bourse 88756082 88756082 ariabourse.ir [email protected] - 10 Aria Novin 88323530-4 88303633 arianovinbroker.com [email protected] D 11 Agah 88674421-31 88640653 agahbroker.com [email protected] A 12 Ordibehesht Iranian 82446 88736260 oibourse.com [email protected] B 13 ArgHouman 88203311 88533832 88209670 argbroker.com [email protected] B 14 ArzeshAfarineAlvand 88563984 88563896 88563520 arzeshafarin.com [email protected] C 15 EtminanSahm 66728080-1 66742381 etminansahm.com [email protected] B 16 Amin Avid 88659635 88659634 88659636 aminbc.com amin avid @gmail.com B 17 OmidSahm 88345219-20 88345212 88842739 omidsahm.com [email protected] C 18 Amin Sahm 66726227 66726505 66726040 66726284 aminsahm.com [email protected] B 19 Iran Sahm 88873236 88873236 iransahm.info [email protected] B 21 IsatisPooya 0351-5220458-9 03515220458 ipb.ir [email protected] A 21 Imen Bourse 66740877 66740878 66742085 66705292 imenbourse.ir [email protected] B 22 Bazar Saham 22254127-9 22254165 bazarsahambourse. com [email protected] B 23 EghtesadNovin Bank 66743848-9 66743222-3 66744240 novinbourse.com [email protected] A 24 Pasargad Bank 88101723-5 88101723-5 pasargadbroker.com [email protected] A Annual Report 2012 Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members No Name TEL* FAX Website E-mail Rank** 25 Tat Bank 88721100-3 88711701 tbsc.ir [email protected] B 26 Tejarat Bank 88702572 88702571 bt-broker.com [email protected] A 27 ToseeSaderat Bank 88306005 88308066 edbibroker.com [email protected] A 28 SahmAndish 28931158 26218339 www.daybankbroker. com [email protected] C 29 Bank RefahKargaran 88921925-26 88940341 refahbroker.com [email protected] A 30 Saman Bank 88774669-71 88648950-53 88774689 samanbourse.com [email protected] A 31 Sepah Bank 88726057-8 88725599 sepahbourse.com [email protected] A 32 Saderat Bank 88707107-9 88104772-4 888726157 saderatbourse.com [email protected] A 33 SanatvaMadan Bank 88511535 88764231 smbroker.ir [email protected] A 34 Karafarin Bank 22655911 22655912 karafarinbrokerage. com [email protected] A 35 Keshavarzi Bank 8658 88728155 agribourse.com [email protected] A maskanbourse.com [email protected] A 36 Maskan Bank 88527060-63 8852706063 37 Bank Mellat 88106375 88106345 mellatbroker.com [email protected] A 38 Bank Melli Iran 84358 88712312 bmibourse.com [email protected] A 39 BurhanSahand 88425242-3 88474019 bsbourse.com [email protected] B 40 Asel Bourse 88882263 88874269 88882286 aselbroker.com [email protected] C 41 Bourse Ebraz 88318884 88318886 ebrazbourse.com [email protected] C 42 Bourse Bimeh Iran 8948 88964040 boursebimeh.com [email protected] A 43 Boursiran 88832860 88832891 88810329 boursiran.ir [email protected] B 44 Bourse Behgozin 42846 88769923 behgozinbroker.com [email protected] A 45 Bahman 83326 88724241 bahmanbroker.com [email protected] A 46 BehinPouya 0311-6612889-90 03116612889-90 behinpouya.com behinpouya @yahoo.com B 47 Pars IdehBonyan 88944428 88933898 88933895 88928230 88933896 pib.co.ir [email protected] - 48 Pars GostarKhobreh 22012883 22012901 22012895 22012891 22012886 parsarmoon.com [email protected] B 49 Pars Nemoudgar 42874000 88861916 88307829 parsnem.ir [email protected] A 50 Parsian 87148 8851681-2 88511683 parsianbroker.com [email protected] A 35 36 Tehran Stock Exchange Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members tse.ir No Name TEL* FAX Website E-mail Rank** 51 PishgamanBehparvar 66576750-55 66576756 behbourse.com [email protected] - 52 TaminSarmayehNovin 86791000 88720935 nibbourse.com [email protected] A 53 TahlilgaraneBasir 66748990-3 66748994 basirbourse.com [email protected] C 54 TadbirgaraneFarda 82428 88798734 tadbirbroker.com [email protected] A 55 TadbirgarSarmayeh 88882265 88873381 tadbirgar.com [email protected] B 56 ToseeAndisheh Dana 22622630 26602046 danabroker.com [email protected] B 57 ToseeSarmayehDonya 66729121-2 66742104 tsd-broker.com [email protected] B 58 ToseeSahand 88556285-6 88105179 sahandbroker.com [email protected] B 59 Tosse-eh Farda 88215904 88051494 tsstock.ir [email protected] A 60 JahanSahm 66726650 66726670 66707888 jahanibroker.com [email protected] C 61 Hafez 88729810-17 88729818 hafezbourse.com A 62 KhobreganSaham 66706146 66724958 khobregan.com [email protected] A 63 DonyayeKhobreh 66724001-2 66724003 dkhobreh.com [email protected] A 64 DonyayeNovin 66705889 66742766 dnovinbroker.com [email protected] D 65 RahbordeSarmayehgozari Iran Saham 66731087 66732394 rahbord-investment. com C 66 RahnamayeSarmayehgozaran 66726011 6723355 66723356 66702570 rahnamabroker.com [email protected] A 67 Razavi 27631110 27631631 27631401 rbc.ir [email protected] A 68 SavAfarin 88300824 88319290 88328848 88830596 savbroker.com [email protected] B 69 SarmayehGozariMeli Iran 88784215 88784214 nibi.ir [email protected] A 70 SarmayehvaDanesh 66743087-8 66716428 ckbroker.com 71 SahamBarez 66731315-16 61984 66737764 sahambarez.com [email protected] C 72 SahamPajoohan-e Shayan 66741864 66741865 66735361 sahampajoohan.com sp_shayan @ yahoo.com B 73 SahamPouya 88546814-17 88546836 mebbco.com C 74 SahamGostaraneShargh 0511-7235081-5 05117284395 sahamgostaran.com [email protected] C 75 SahmAzin 22903707-8 22903699 sahmazin.com [email protected] C 76 SahmAshena 2771 22073072 abco.ir [email protected] A [email protected] A Annual Report 2012 Tehran Stock Exchange’s Members No Name TEL* FAX Website E-mail Rank** 77 Sahmyar 88710357 88710357 sahmyar.ir [email protected] B 78 Simabgoon 66724995 66732888 66701411 66718808 simabgoonbourse.com simabgoon @simabco.com B 79 ShakhesSaham 66750439 66732834 shakhessaham.com [email protected] C 80 Shahr 88481651-57 88481650 BcityB.com [email protected] - 81 Saba Tamin 88550662-4 88550665 sababroker.com info@sab broker.com B 82 Saba Jahad 63486000 63486000 sjb.co.ir [email protected] - 83 Omran Fars 22631662-6 22004208 omranfars.com [email protected] B 84 Farabi 88557274-6 88557278 irfarabi.com [email protected] A 85 Firoozeh Asia 22130924-6 22130924-6 firouzehasia.com [email protected] D 86 Karamad 22012620 22012763 22012554 irankbc.com [email protected] B 87 KalayeKhavarmiyaneh 87168 87169900 mecbroker.com [email protected] - 88 MobinSarmayeh 88382904-7 88382908 mobinsarmayeh.com [email protected] - 89 MoshaveranSaham 88718406-8 88701363 88701398 88719814 tehranstock.com [email protected] B 90 MeyarSaham 88308855 88833417 meyarsaham.com [email protected] A 91 Mofid 8700 81909 emofid.com [email protected] A 92 Mehrafarin 66743900 66744851 mehrbroker.com [email protected] A 93 NoandishanBazarehSarmayeh 82450 84051000 84051111 noandishan.ir [email protected] A 94 Nahayatnegar 84450000 88601764 nahayatnegar.com [email protected] A *All TEL and FAX numbers should be dialed with +9821 (country code of Iran and area code for Tehran); however, for the brokerage companies with their offices in other cities than Tehran, the related area code is provided in the table. **TSE’s members are classified based on several criteria into four grades (A, B, C, D) of excellence. The brokerage firms are monitored by TSE and the Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) regarding their branches, trading services, qualified staff, their websites’ accessibility, on-line access, customers’ base, accounting qualifications, portfolio management, etc. Note: Tehran Stock Exchange’s member brokerage firms provide different services other than trading securities based on their ranking. These may include on-line trading access, mutual funds management, portfolio management, listing advisory and market making. 37 38 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 1 Coal & Lignite Mining NeginTabas Lignite Co. 2 Other Mining and Quarrying Foundry Sand Preparation Co. 3 Metal Ores Mining Bafgh Mining Co. 4 Metal Ores Mining Bama Co. 5 Metal Ores Mining Chadormalu Mineral & Ind. Co. 6 Metal Ores Mining Damavand Mineral Co. 7 Metal Ores Mining Gol-E-Gohar Iron Ore Co. 8 Metal Ores Mining Mines & Metals Development Investment Co. 9 Metal Ores Mining Maaden Manganese Iran Co. 10 Metal Ores Mining Iran Zinc Mines Development Co. 11 Oil & Gas Extraction and related services except Surveying North Drilling Co. 12 Real Estate and Construction Abadgarane Iran Tourism and Welfare Complex 13 Real Estate and Construction International Construction Development Co. 14 Real Estate and Construction Housing Investment Co. 15 Real Estate and Construction Tehran Renovation & Construction Co. 16 Real Estate and Construction Fars Reconstruction & Development Co 17 Real Estate and Construction Shahed Investment Co. 18 Real Estate and Construction SakhtAjand Co. 19 Real Estate and Construction Iran Construction Investment Co. 20 Real Estate and Construction Isfahan SamanGostar Co. 21 Real Estate and Construction Azarbayjan Development Investment Co. 22 Real Estate and Construction Toosgostar Investment Co. 23 Real Estate and Construction Isfahan Construction Co. 24 Publishing, Printing & Reproduction of Media Offset Press Inc. 25 Monetary Intermediation Ansar Bank 26 Monetary Intermediation Mellat Bank 27 Monetary Intermediation Parsian Bank 28 Monetary Intermediation Pasargad Bank 29 Monetary Intermediation Post Bank 30 Monetary Intermediation Saderat Bank Annual Report 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 No. Industry Company’s Name 31 Monetary Intermediation Tejarat Bank 32 Monetary Intermediation Karafarin Bank 33 Monetary Intermediation EN Bank 34 Monetary Intermediation Sina Finance & Credit CO. 35 Insurance & pension funding except compulsory Social Security Asia Insurance Co. 36 Insurance & pension funding except compulsory Social Security Alborz Insurance Co. 37 Insurance & pension funding except compulsory Social Security Dana Insurance Co. 38 Insurance & pension funding except compulsory Social Security 0 39 Insurance & pension funding except compulsory Social Security Parsian Insurance Co. 40 Transportation and Storage Persian Gulf Transportation Company 41 Transportation and Storage Petrochemical Transport Co. 42 Transportation and Storage Tuka Transportation Co. 43 Transportation and Storage Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines Co. 44 Transportation and Storage Tidewater Middle East Co. 45 Technical & Engineering Services Iran Power Plant Projects Managements Co.(MAPNA) 46 Technical & Engineering Services Techinco Technical & Corrosion Control Co. 47 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Tractor Forging Co. 48 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts SaipaAzin Co. 49 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Bahman Group Co. 50 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Charkheshgar Co. 51 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Zar Spring Co. 52 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Auto-Parts Industrial Group 53 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Khodro Investment Development Co. 54 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Credit Investment Co. 55 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Khodro Industrial Group Co. 56 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts IndaminSaipa Shock Absorber Mfg. Co. 57 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Khodro Diesel Co. 58 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Khavar Spring Mfg. Co. 59 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Electric KhodroShargh Co. 60 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Carburetor Co. 39 40 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 61 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Lent Tormoz Iran Co. 62 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Mehvarsazan Iran Khodro Industrial Co. 63 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Mehrcam Pars Co. (MCP) 64 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Nasir Machine Engineering Corporation 65 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Motorsazan Co. 66 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts NiruMoharreke Industrial Co. 67 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Pars Khodro Co. 68 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Radiator Iran Co. 69 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Rena Industrial Group Investment Co. 70 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Casting Industries Co. 71 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Mashad Wheel Mfg. Co. 72 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Iran Tractor Foundry Co. 73 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Saipa Co. 74 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Saipa Diesel Co. 75 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts 76 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts SazehPouyesh Co. 77 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Vehicle Axle Mfg. Co. (VAMCO) 78 Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts Zamyad Co. 79 Tanning and Dressing of Leather Melli Industrial Group 80 Computer & Related Activities Data Processing Iran Co. (DPI) 81 Computer & Related Activities Parsian E-commerce Electronic Co. 82 Computer & Related Activities Iran Argham Co. 83 Computer & Related Activities Informatics Services Corp. 84 Computer & Related Activities Kish Iran Credit Card Corp. 85 Radio, TV & Communication Equipment Pars Electric Mfg. Co. 86 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments Azarab Industries Co. 87 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments JaamDarou Co. 88 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments Lamiran Co. 89 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments MashinSazi Arak Co. 90 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments Ama Industrial Co. Annual Report 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 No. Industry Company’s Name 91 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments JooshvaOxijene Iran Co. 92 Fabricated Metal Products except Machinary&Equipments Suliran Corporation Co. 93 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products ArdakanIndusterial Ceramics Co. 94 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Iran China Clay Industries Co. 95 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Iran Refractories Co. (IREFCO) 96 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Azar Refractories Co. 97 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Pars Refractories Co. 98 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Pars Ceram Co. 99 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Glass Wool Company of Iran 100 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Shisheva Gas Co. (SHOGA) 101 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Hamadan Glass Co. 102 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Saipa Glass Co. 103 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 104 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products RaziPharmacutical Glass Co. 105 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Varziran Co. 106 Financial Leasing GhadirKhodro Leasing Co. 107 Financial Leasing Industry & Mine Leasing Co. 108 Financial Leasing Iran Leasing Co. 109 Financial Leasing RayanSaipa Leasing Co. 110 Investment Companies Atye Damavand Investment Co. 111 Investment Companies Pardis Investment Co. 112 Investment Companies Buali Investment Co. 113 Investment Companies Insurance Industry Investment Co. 114 Investment Companies Behshahr Industries Investment Group Co. 115 Investment Companies Kharazmy Invest 116 Investment Companies Mellat Investment Corporation Co. 117 Investment Companies National Investment Company of Iran Co. (NICI) 118 Investment Companies Bahman Investment Co. 119 Investment Companies Industry and Mine Investment Co. 120 Investment Companies Nirou Investment Co. 41 42 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 121 Investment Companies Sepah Investment Co. 122 Investment Companies Saipa Investment Co. 123 Investment Companies ToseeMelli Investment Co. 124 Investment Companies Iran Industrial Development Investment Co. 125 Cement, Lime & Plaster Iran Gatch Co. 126 Cement, Lime & Plaster Ardebil Cement Co. 127 Cement, Lime & Plaster Behbahan Cement Co. 128 Cement, Lime & Plaster Bojnourd Cement Co. 129 Cement, Lime & Plaster Darab Cement Co. 130 Cement, Lime & Plaster Doroud Cement Co. 131 Cement, Lime & Plaster Dashtestan Cement Ind. Co. 132 Cement, Lime & Plaster Isfahan Cement Co. 133 Cement, Lime & Plaster Ilam Cement 134 Cement, Lime & Plaster Fars & Khuzestan Cement Co. 135 Cement, Lime & Plaster Fars-e-Nou Cement Co. 136 Cement, Lime & Plaster Fars Cement Co. 137 Cement, Lime & Plaster Qayen Cement Co. 138 Cement, Lime & Plaster Gharb Cement Industries Co. 139 Cement, Lime & Plaster Hegmatan Cement Co. 140 Cement, Lime & Plaster Hormozgan Cement Co. 141 Cement, Lime & Plaster Shomal Cement Co. 142 Cement, Lime & Plaster Khazar Cement Co. 143 Cement, Lime & Plaster Kerman Cement Co. 144 Cement, Lime & Plaster Khash Cement Co. 145 Cement, Lime & Plaster Kordestan Cement Co. 146 Cement, Lime & Plaster Karoon Cement Co. 147 Cement, Lime & Plaster Mazandaran Cement Co. 148 Cement, Lime & Plaster Shahroud Cement Co. 149 Cement, Lime & Plaster Sepahan Cement Co. 150 Cement, Lime & Plaster Shargh Cement Co. Annual Report 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 No. Industry Company’s Name 151 Cement, Lime & Plaster Neyriz Cement Co. 152 Cement, Lime & Plaster Soufian Cement Co. 153 Cement, Lime & Plaster Tehran Cement Co. 154 Cement, Lime & Plaster Urmia Cement Co. 155 Diversified Industrials (Holdings) Tose-e Melli Group Investment Co. 156 Diversified Industrials (Holdings) Ghadir Investment Co. 157 Diversified Industrials (Holdings) Omid Investment Co. 158 Diversified Industrials (Holdings) Civil Pension Fund Investment Co. 159 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Oil Industry Investment Co. 160 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Behran Oil Co. 161 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Pars Oil Co. 162 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Co. 163 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Esfahan Oil Refining Co. 164 Refined Petroleum Products & Nuclear Fuel Tabriz Oil Refining Co. 165 Basic Metals Iran Aluminium Co. 166 Basic Metals Alomrad Co. 167 Basic Metals ShahidBahonar Copper Industries Co. 168 Basic Metals Iran Alloy steel Co. 169 Basic Metals AmirKabirKashan steel Co. (previous name: FajreSepahan Galvanizing Industries Company) 170 Basic Metals Khorasan Steel Complex Co. 171 Basic Metals Khouzestan Steel Co. 172 Basic Metals Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Co. 173 Basic Metals Iran Ferrosilice Co. 174 Basic Metals FaravariMavadMadani Iran Co. 175 Basic Metals Kaavian Steel Co. 176 Basic Metals Calcimine Co. 177 Basic Metals LulehVaMachinsazi Iran Co. 178 Basic Metals Iran National Copper Industries Co. 179 Basic Metals Alominum Rolling Mfg. Group 180 Basic Metals Rolling Mill & Steel Production Co. 43 44 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 181 Basic Metals Sadid Industrial Group 182 Basic Metals Sepahan Industrial Group Co. 183 Basic Metals National Iranian Lead & Zinc Co. (NILZ) 184 Basic Metals Sepanta Industrial & Investment Co. 185 Basic Metals Tukafoolad Investment Co. 186 Basic Metals Alumtek Corp. 187 Sugar & By-products Isfahan Sugar 188 Sugar & By-products Ghazvin Sugar Co. 189 Sugar & By-products Hegmatan Sugar Co. 190 Sugar & By-products Shahd Sugar Co. 191 Sugar & By-products Lorestan Sugar Co. 192 Sugar & By-products Marvdasht Sugar Co. 193 Sugar & By-products Neyshabur Sugar Co. 194 Sugar & By-products NaghsheJahan Sugar Co. 195 Sugar & By-products PiranshahrSuger Co. 196 Sugar & By-products SabetKhorasan Ind. & Mfg. Co. 197 Sugar & By-products ShirinKhorasan agro. Industry Co. 198 Sugar & By-products Shahroud Sugar Co. 199 Ceramic & Tiles Alvand Tile & Ceramic Industries Co. 200 Ceramic & Tiles Behceram Co. 201 Ceramic & Tiles Irana Tile Co. 202 Ceramic & Tiles Isfahan Tile Industries Co. 203 Ceramic & Tiles Hafez Tile & Ceramic Co. 204 Ceramic & Tiles Pars Tile Co. 205 Ceramic & Tiles Saadi Tile & Ceramic Co. 206 Ceramic & Tiles Nilou Tile Co. 207 Ceramic & Tiles Sina Tile & Ceramic Co. 208 Ceramic & Tiles Takceram Co. 209 Agriculture Magsal Co. 210 Rubber & Plastic Products Barez Industrial Group Annual Report 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 No. Industry Company’s Name 211 Rubber & Plastic Products Derakhshan Tehran Co. 212 Rubber & Plastic Products PlascokarSaipa Co. 213 Rubber & Plastic Products Sahand Rubber Ind. Co. 214 Rubber & Plastic Products Iran Tire Mfg. Co. 215 Rubber & Plastic Products Iran Yasa Tire & Rubber Co. 216 Rubber & Plastic Products Gazlouleh Mfg. Co. 217 Rubber & Plastic Products Artavil Tire Industrial Complex 218 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Jooshkab Yazd Ind. Co. 219 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Alborz Cable Co. 220 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus ShahidGhandi Communication Cable Co. 221 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Pars Shahab Lamp Co. 222 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Motogen Co. 223 Other Non-metallic Mineral Products Electrical Machinery & Apparatus 224 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Nirou Trans Co. 225 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Pars Switch Co. 226 Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Iran Transfo Co. 227 Machinery &Equipments Absal Group Co. 228 Machinery &Equipments Butane Industrial Group 229 Machinery &Equipments Iran Combine Mfg. Co. 230 Machinery &Equipments Firouza Engineering Co. 231 Machinery &Equipments Agricultural Industries & Services Development Co. 232 Machinery &Equipments Pars Khazar Industrial Co. 233 Machinery &Equipments Niroumoharekeh Machine Mfg. Co. 234 Machinery &Equipments Pumpiran Co. 235 Machinery &Equipments SarmaAfarin Industries Co. 236 Machinery &Equipments Technotar Engineering Co. (TTECO) 237 Machinery &Equipments Iran Tractor Manufacturing Co. 238 Machinery &Equipments Pars Tousheh Investment Co. 239 Machinery &Equipments Heavy Equipment Production Co. (HEPCO) 240 Machinery &Equipments Iran Tractor Industrial Machinery Co. 45 46 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 241 Wood & Wood products TowlideFibre Iran (Royal Board Mfg. Co.) 242 Wood & Wood products BahmanNeopan Co. 243 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Iran Amlah (Mineral Salts) Co. 244 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Pars International Mfg. Co. 245 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Iran Carbon Co. 246 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Pars Carbon Black Co. 247 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Goltash Co. 248 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Kaf Co. 249 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Loabiran Co. 250 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Fiber Intermediate Products Co. 251 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products NiroChlor Co. 252 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Abadan Petrochemical Co. 253 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Paxan Corporation Co. 254 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Shazand (Arak Petrochemical Co.) 255 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products parsian Oil and Gas Development 256 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Isfahan Petrochemical Company Co. 257 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Petrochemical Industries Investment Co. 258 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Fanavaran Petrochemical Co. 259 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Farabi Petrochemical Co. 260 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Co. 261 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Khark Petrochemical Co. 262 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Poly acryl Iran Co. 263 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Pars Pamchal Chemical Co. 264 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Pardis petrochemical Co. 265 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Shiraz Petrochemical Co. 266 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Fars Chemical Ind. Co. 267 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Rangin Industrial & Chemical Co. 268 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Sina Chemical Industries Co (SCIC) 269 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Chemical Industries Investment Co. 270 Real Estate & Construction Tolypers Co. Annual Report 2012 Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 No. Industry Company’s Name 271 Real Estate & Construction Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products 272 Chemicals & Chemical products except Pharmaceutical Products Herbicides Production Co. 273 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Behnoush Iran Co. 274 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Chin Chin Cultivation Complex 275 Food Products and Beverages except sugar DashtMorghab Group Co. 276 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Glucosan Co. 277 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Gorji Biscuit Co. 278 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Pars Animal Feed Co. 279 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Kalber Dairy Co. 280 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Pak Dairy Co. 281 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Pars Minoo Industry Co. 282 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Mahram Co. 283 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Margarin Co. 284 Food Products and Beverages except sugar MazandaranNoosh Co. 285 Food Products and Beverages except sugar PiazarCo. 286 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Behshahr Industrial Co. 287 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Shahdiran Inc. 288 Food Products and Beverages except sugar West AzarbaijanPegah Dairy Co. 289 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Salemin Co. 290 Food Products and Beverages except sugar KhorasanPegah Dairy Co. 291 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Isfahan Pegah Dairy Co. 292 Food Products and Beverages except sugar Behshahr Industrial Development Corp. 293 Paper & Paper products Iran Carton Inc. 294 Paper & Paper products Kaveh Paper industry 295 Post and telecommunications Iran Telecommunications Co. 296 Textiles Boroujerd Textile Co. 297 Textiles Iranmerinos Co. 298 Textiles Tous Woolen Co. 299 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Dr. AbidiPharma Laboratory Co. 300 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Alborz Investment Co. 47 48 Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies at TSE - 2012 tse.ir No. Industry Company’s Name 301 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Amin Pharmaceutical Company Co. 302 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Aburaihan Pharmaceutical Co. 303 Technical & Engineering Services AlborzDarou Co. 304 Textiles Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products 305 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products DamloranRazak Pharmaceutical Co. 306 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Daroupakhsh Co. 307 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products DarouPakhshPharma. Chem. Co. 308 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Farabi Pharmaceutical Co. 309 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products JaberEbneHayyan Pharmaceutical Co. 310 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Cosar Pharmaceutical Co. 311 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Loghman Pharmaceutical Co. 312 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Osvah Pharmaceutical Company 313 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Daroupakhsh Pharmaceutical Mfg. Co. 314 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Razak Laboratories 315 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products SinaDarou Laboratories Co. 316 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Sobhan Pharmaceutical Co. 317 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Zahravi Pharmaceutical Co. 318 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Exir Pharmaceutical Co. 319 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Iranian Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Co. 320 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Iran Darou Co. 321 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Chimidarou Co. 322 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Pars Darou Co. 323 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products RouzDarou Pharmaceutical Co. 324 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Tehran Sheme Co. 325 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Temad Co. 326 Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Products Tehran Darou Pharmaceutical Co. 327 Medical, Precision & Optical Instruments Kontorsazi Iran Co. (SKI)