Dwie dekady transformacji gospodarczej i politycznej Federacji

Dwie dekady transformacji gospodarczej i politycznej Federacji

Dwie dekady transformacji
gospodarczej i politycznej
Federacji Rosyjskiej
•‹¦‰‹¸…‹ƒǡ’”‘„Ž‡›ǡ’‡”•’‡–›™›
O—ƒ•œƒ‘™•‹ǡ‹–‘”‘••
ƒÏ‰‘”œƒ–ƒ‘”‡…ƒǡ
ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ‘–—Ž‡™‹…œǡ‹–ƒƒœ‹”׆
Dwie dekady transformacji
gospodarczej i politycznej
Federacji Rosyjskiej
•‹¦‰‹¸…‹ƒǡ’”‘„Ž‡›ǡ’‡”•’‡–›™›
›†ƒ™‹…–™‘›Ă•œ‡Œœ‘Ï›ƒ‘™‡Œ
™‘œƒ‹—
‘œƒÑʹͲͳ͵
‡…‡œ‡–
prof. dr hab. Joachim Diec
‡†ƒ…Œƒ
Marzenna Plewa-Dziurdzia
Ïƒ†‹Ïƒƒ‹‡
ŽĂ„‹‡–ƒ—”œ›Ñ•ƒ
”‘Œ‡–‘Ïƒ†‹
ƒ”–›ƒƒ™‹†œ‹ƒ
‘’‹‘™ƒ‹‡‹’”œ‡–™ƒ”œƒ‹‡™Œƒ‹‡Œ‘Ž™‹‡ˆ‘”‹‡
™›ƒ‰ƒ’‹•‡‡Œœ‰‘†››†ƒ™…›
̹‘’›”‹‰Š–„››†ƒ™‹…–™‘›Ă•œ‡Œœ‘Ï›ƒ‘™‡Œ™‘œƒ‹—ǡʹͲͳ͵
ͻ͹ͺǦͺ͵Ǧ͹ʹͲͷǦ͵ͳͺǦ͵
O
ƒŽǤ‹‡’‘†Ž‡‰Ï‘ä…‹ʹǡ͸ͳǦͺ͹Ͷ‘œƒÑ
–‡ŽǤ͸ͳ͸ͷͷ͵͵ͻͻǡ͸ͳ͸ͷͷ͵ʹͶͺ
‡Ǧƒ‹Žǣ™›†ƒ™‹…–™‘̷™•„Ǥ’‘œƒǤ’Žǡ†œ‹ƒŽŠƒ†Ž‘™›̷™•„Ǥ’‘œƒǤ’Ž
™™™Ǥ™›†ƒ™‹…–™‘Ǥ™•„Ǥ’‘œƒǤ’Ž
”—‹‘’”ƒ™ƒǣ”—…›ˆ”‘™›ǡ‘œƒÑ
’‹•–”‡ä…‹
•–¸’ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹
‡‘”ƒ–›œƒ…ŒƒŒƒ‘‰Ïי‡Šƒ•Ï‘”‘•›Œ•‹‡Œ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ…Œ‹Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͳ
O
ͳǤ‡ϐ‹‹…Œƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ…Œ‹ǡ’”œ‡‹‡•œ…œ‡‹ƒ‹œƒ•–¦’‹‡‹ƒǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ʹǤœ›‹‹–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ…Œ‹Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͵Ǥ–ƒ’›’”‘…‡•—–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ…Œ‹ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͶǤƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡’”‘„Ž‡‘™‡”ƒŒ×™–”ƒ•ˆ‘”—Œ¦…›…Š•‹¸Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͳʹ
ͳ͵
ʹ͵
ʹͷ
ͳǤ ‹‡”™•œ‡Žƒ–ƒƒ†‡…Œ‹’”‡œ›†‡–ƒ‡Ž…›ƒȂ
”›œ›•›’‘Ž‹–›…œ‡ͳͻͻͳǦͳͻͻͶ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ʹǤ”›œ›•’‘Ž‹–›…œ›ͳͻͻͳǦͳͻͻʹǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͵Ǥ‡ˆ‘”›‘•–›–—…›Œ‡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͶǤ”—‰ƒƒ†‡…Œƒ’”‡œ›†‡–ƒ‘”›•ƒ‡Ž…›ƒȋͳͻͻͷǦͳͻͻͻȌ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͷǤ”œ‡‹ƒ›‰‘•’‘†ƒ”…œ‡™‘”‡•‹‡ͳͻͻͳǦͳͻͻͶ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͸Ǥ‡ˆ‘”›”œ¦†—‹–‘”ƒœ‡”‘›”†‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͹Ǥ”›™ƒ–›œƒ…Œƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͺǤ›–—ƒ…Œƒ‰‘•’‘†ƒ”…œƒ‘•Œ‹™†”—‰‹‡Œ’‘Ï‘™‹‡Žƒ–†œ‹‡™‹¸©†œ‹‡•‹¦–›…Š Ǥ
ʹͺ
͵͵
͵ͻ
Ͷ͸
ͷ͵
ͷͺ
͸ʹ
͸ͻ
ͳǤ ‹‡”™•œƒƒ’ƒ‹ƒ’”‡œ›†‡…ƒÏƒ†‹‹”ƒ—–‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ʹǤ ‘™‡–”‡†›™’‘Ž‹–›…‡™‡™¸–”œ‡ŒǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͵Ǥ ‡ˆ‘”›‰‘•’‘†ƒ”…œ‡™†‘„‹‡’”‡œ›†‡–—”›Ïƒ†‹‹”ƒ—–‹ƒȂ
„—†‘™ƒ‹‡‘™›…Š”‡Žƒ…Œ‹œ„‹œ‡•‡Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͹͹
ͺͺ
O
‡†‡”ƒ…Œƒ‘•›Œ•ƒ™‘”‡•‹‡’”‡œ›†‡–—”›‘”›•ƒ‡Ž…›ƒȋͳͻͻͳǦͳͻͻͻȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ O
‹‡”™•œƒƒ†‡…Œƒ’”‡œ›†‡–ƒÏƒ†‹‹”ƒ—–‹ƒȋʹͲͲͲǦʹͲͲͶȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ O
ʹ͹
͹͹
ͻ͸
”—‰ƒƒ†‡…Œƒ’”‡œ›†‡–ƒÏƒ†‹‹”ƒ—–‹ƒȋʹͲͲͶǦʹͲͲͺȌ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͳͳ
ͳǤ”—‰ƒƒ†‡…Œƒ’”‡œ›†‡–ƒ—–‹ƒΫ‘–›—ƒ…Œƒ…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ…Œ‹”ƒŒ—Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͳʹ
ʹǤ
‘•’‘†ƒ”ƒ™‘”‡•‹‡†”—‰‹‡Œƒ†‡…Œ‹’”‡œ›†‡–ƒ—–‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͳ͸
͵Ǥ”ׄƒ’‘”×™ƒ‹ƒ‘„—ƒ†‡…Œ‹’”‡œ›†‡–ƒÏƒ†‹‹”ƒ—–‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳʹ͵
͸
’‹•–”‡ä…‹
O
œ¦†›‹–”‹Œƒ‹‡†™‹‡†‹‡™ƒȋʹͲͲͺǦʹͲͳʹȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ͳǤƒ”‹‡”ƒ’‘Ž‹–›…œƒ‹–”‹Œƒ‹‡†™‹‡†‹‡™ƒ™Žƒ–ƒ…ŠͳͻͻͳǦʹͲͲͺ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
ʹǤ‡ˆ‘”›’‘Ž‹–›…œ‡‹‰‘•’‘†ƒ”…œ‡‹‡†™‹‡†‹‡™ƒΫ
™…‹‡‹—󆋏‹”ƒ—–‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͵Ǥ”›œ›•ϐ‹ƒ•‘™›™’‘Ž‹–›…‡’”‡œ›†‡–ƒ‹‡†™‹‡†‹‡™ƒǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
O
ͳʹͻ
ͳ͵ͳ
ͳ͵͹
ͳͶͺ
ƒ’ƒ‹ƒ’”‡œ›†‡…ƒʹͲͳʹ”‘—‹™‡•–‹‘‘™ƒ‡œ™›…‹¸•–™‘
󆋏‹”ƒ—–‹ƒǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳ͸ͳ
ƒ‘Ñ…œ‡‹‡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳ͹͹
‹„Ž‹‘‰”ƒϐ‹ƒ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͺͷ