Praca Oryginalna Original Article
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Praca Oryginalna Original Article
Praca Oryginalna Zdr Publ 2011;121(3):248-252 Original Article 12 3 4 ! " # and boys aged 7-15 Streszczenie Abstract ! "# ! $%$ ! & ' $ ()*+ $" , .(/ /./ $ #)3# #)###' 45" '6 7 '8 (*6889% :8;7 < =/%=6>.+%.7% =*%.6>.*%?7' ' ' 6@?%?+7 " ' " % & % % ; $ ' '$ 9 ! % & " '" &% % rysowanie oraz korzystanie z komputera jest determinowany A "B A) A "" A$ "! 8D D ; to the spreading of numerous health disorders in children and E% ' DD and factors which determine them in order to undertake D E 99 ' '()*+D and to evaluate differences concerning their levels between ' The group under research .(/' /./'*)F9 '*)/945 ' 65G 7E 998 (*68 89%:8;7 , =/=6>.+.7 =*. 6>.*?7 D 6@??+7 # D ' D D % ' ''H ' '%' D '% ' ' E D ' '% school and an average number of hours spent on particular sedentary behaviours only as far as time devoted to after ' Time devoted by children and youth to D ' ' E D '% '% ' ' '9 I ' D 9 % 9 D ! % % "% %A D % % % '% ' 1 EJ9B %K$9N : D &' O 888&PKB##%8 3 : D 89B R %<9B S V EK9B : D 9B R I%J9B R 8 H B 2 Copyright © 2011 Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie B.?**X*.*6/7 INTRODUCTION ; D 9 D ' 9 % % D 9 ; D D ' D % ' 'E ' D ]*^ ; D 9 D 9 D 9 D ' sedentary behaviours and the risk of such health disorders '% % D ' 9 ].)+^ E 9 *W(W)*WWW ' ' (+)*W+ ' 9 ]F^ ; ' ' level of sedentary behaviours is perceived as one of the 9 4 % the pressure of achieving higher intellectual development as well as a passive way of spending free time frequently % '9 increase in the amount of time spent by young people in a ' ' DG9D 9% ' D% 99 E9% this is a group which pays little attention to health education ' ](^ E ' to observe the level of sedentary behaviours in children % ' ' 9 ' D% D AIM E 9 D D ' ' ()*+ 99 D' "#$%&#"'(& E +WF 6.(/' /./7 attending 1st)Fth years of primary school and 1st-3rd years of ) 8 # 9 D D % YG EG ' P ; D'9D '% % ' D % ' % '% ' ' ' 4D% D D D 6 7 Y' The collected data were analysed statistically with the use 98 (*6889%:8;79E of the variables distribution with normal distribution 9 S'D)8 D .VW ; %8Y) 9D E ' 9 99 D9Z??+ RESULTS I ' % an average number of hours devoted to particular sedentary D ' ; %D9 ' 9 99 '; D P D ' ' , % D% ' '% ' '6E*7 P% '% and time devoted to particular sedentary behaviours was J % D ' 6E.7 E D ' 6??+76Y'7 'D%' and an average number of hours spent eating meals during ;D 9 P # D ' '9P 6Z???*7[D% ' D%' and an average number of hours spent at school per week D6@??+76E.7 ;9' watching television during a week and the educational level 9 P \ 9 ' on an average number of hours devoted to this activity were ; D ' \ 9 YD 99E3 6@??+74D% ' \9' changes in the time devoted to watching television occurring Y'6@??+7 The next variable assessed was average time spent by the P 99# D ' ' '6Z???*7 [D% ' '% D at school and an average number of hours devoted to using '6@??+76E.7 ;9 9 ' 9 \9 Y youth’s age on the time devoted to studying at home and D '; % '% D D' 9 '# D ' 6Z???*9 assessment of the relationship between the level at school 'Z??+99 '%D ' '7 4D% ' \9' ' P E D D ' ' 6Z???*7 [D% ' \ 9 ' .+? B.?**X*.*6/7 the change in the time devoted to drawing occurring with age 6@??+76E.7 J% \ 9 D 9 examined children on the time spent reading books was '% D at school and an average number of hours devoted to this D B 9+F99 D '% pupils from the 1st form of primary school and the 3rd form of lower-secondary school devoted the lowest amount of D ; ' 996Z???*7 D 9 ' \ ")$#*+,+ + -,.---,/+,/, /012345 E 67>8< 3 p , _.(/ H_/./ Meals =+V>+F. =..>V++ 8 /??>(*W /?*>(? ?W Television **.V>F+ **V.>(/( ?(+ Computer W+W>(.. **?*>=V* ??/` 8 ' *.FW>FF/ *?W/>F* ???*` Drawing /.*>V+* *=(>/.* ????` N ' +.(>VF+ V/F>/(( ???W` Playing in a sitting position ./+>VF= .VF>/(W ?(+ , ') ?W.>*+W ?=(>*+* ?FF Total =/=.>.+. =*.*>.?W( ?*( ?VV `8 ' 99 ")$#6+,+ + -,.- /,7 ++ +,012345 R ' J67 p x 67>8< , boys VF*>*F V./>*( /F(>*. /F+>*+ +?=>.V ..>?F .=>?W .?V>*? V*.>.+ *WF>*? .WF>*= .*+>*V *(+>*? *+=>*+ *==>** ?./>?/ .F(>*= ?(F>?F , '9 x 67>8< , H ?W=>?+ **>?V ?(.>?V ?F/>?V *?*>?F **>?+ **W>?W ?W.>?F ?V+>?V *?+>?( ?V+>?/ ?VV>?/ ?W+>?V ?(W>?+ *.W>?W *?V>?F *./>?F ?(*>?V p p p ?(F x 67>8< , H .(=>*/ /**>*V F/>/. +.W>*= /*W>?W /*/>?= .(>*F .F/>** ./.>*F .F*>*? **+>*? .+*>*( ?F.>?F *FF>*. *FV>.* ?/.>?+ ?(>*? ?VW>?+ p x 67>8< , H **F(>.V **=>*= **(F>/. *.?>.? **?.>*( *.?(>.W *?.W>.+ *.?>/V *.(>/= **F*>.+ **F+>*= *.*W>./ *?/=>*W *?(.>.? **+.>/? *?(/>*( *?=.>.? *?=V>.* Drawing ?/. x 67>8< , H WF+>.V W.>*V *.V.>*W W.V>*+ *?VV>*+ W+.>*F *.W*>/F *.(F>/* */W>/( **F=>.F **(+>*F **((>.* *./+>*W */.F>.. *+?>/? *?.F>*( *FV(>.V *?+W>*( Playing in a sitting position p ?WF H .F?>.? .F*>/. .F?(>.* .=FV>*F .WF/>*. /*V>*/ //(F>*= //=+>.= /V/*>*( 8 ' ?VV `8 ' 99 p ?*= 1stB86_+.7 2ndB86_FF7 3rdB86_=+7 VthB86_+W7 +thB86_V(7 FthB86_(F7 1st}886_(F7 2nd}886_F.7 3rd}886_(/7 x 67>8< , H /=(>*. /(*>** VWV>./ V(*>*? VF.>*/ VF(>?W +.W>*= V=+>** F.+>.. +*=>*/ +?F>** +W>*W F+>*F /+=>*? +(=>./ /+>*/ +?=>*+ /+/>*. , .F?>*W .+/W>.W .+V*>/* .=/W>*= .WV>*? /..+>*= ///+>*F /+W>.W /.(=>./ I 'D ??*` J67 p ?.W 1stB86_+.7 2ndB86_FF7 3rdB86_=+7 VthB86_+W7 +thB86_V(7 FthB86_(F7 1st}886_(F7 2nd}886_F.7 3rd}886_(/7 x 67>8< , H F(W>*= ((>*W +(V>.* (/W>*( ==(>.( **.(>.W =*F>/V *?/V>.= W/(>/+ *?//>.+ *??*>.? *?+*>.. **W(>.F *?.>.? **W/>./ *VF(>.+ *.=/>.( *F+W>/V N ' p x 67>8< ?=( J67 , H (+F>*( =**>*+ ****>/( =/.>*F ((/>*= =VW>*+ W*V>*V =V=>*( =F+>.. *?/*>.+ (=+>*V (.V>*V =?/>*. (V+>*/ =/F>*( =.V>*/ =+>./ =?*>*. Using a computer Time spent at school ?+. 1stB86_+.7 2ndB86_FF7 3rdB86_=+7 VthB86_+W7 +thB86_V(7 FthB86_(F7 1st}886_(F7 2nd}886_F.7 3rd}886_(/7 x 67>8< B.?**X*.*6/7 .+* of gender and year on time spent reading was observed 6@??+7 E9 D ' ' E D ' 6Z???*7 ' [D% ' \9' D 99D 6@??+7 P% 9 spent commuting to and from school by car during a week E D ' 99 B 9.F99 school spent the smallest amount of time on their way to 9% 9/V99 primary school and the 2nd form of lower-secondary school D'[D% 99 ' 6@??+7 8 % ' '%D' number of hours needed for travelling to and from school by D6@??+76E.7 E9 between the form at school of the examined children and D D ' ; ' D' 9 spent in sitting positions coming with age was observed 6Z???*7B 9*%./99 school devoted the smallest number of hours to sedentary D % D lengthened gradually until it reached its highest level at 9 ) [D% D ' \ 9 ' on the changes in the level of sedentary behaviours which '6@??+76E/7 ")$#8+,+ + -,. - /,7- +,/- +++, J67 *B86_+.7 .B86_FF7 /B86_=+7 VB86_+W7 +B86_V(7 FB86_(F7 *}886_(F7 .}886_F.7 , 6_.(/7 (/=W>=* =.?F>*++ ((/=>(= =?==>W= =(*=>*V+ =/*V>+= =+W*>+. W/.W>(V W*?=>(* x 67>8< H6_/./7 (V./>=+ (=*V>(* (=FV>=V =.F+>(. =V/+>=? =V**>F= =/?>+. =.=W>VF =+=V>+( p ?=F DISCUSSION The notion of sedentary behaviours includes all activities ' ]*^E9% % ' 99 computer and time devoted to eating meals or commuting to 9 999 it is claimed that this type of behaviours competes with physical activity and its extent is systematically lengthened D]F%=^ Numerous authors indicate that age and gender are the 9 D 9 D I ]*^ D )) students time devoted to doing homework lengthens with ' D ' 'D 9 E D ' 9 H ' 'D ' )S]W^D of physical activity and selected sedentary behaviours in )) E advantage of passive forms of spending free time among older ; 99 9/9) ) ' D 6+.W 99 7 ' 6+(V9DV D 7E ' \9 gender on physical activity and on time devoted to activities 9H ' 99 D% which indicates the lack of a clear connection between the time devoted to various forms of passive behaviours and the D9 D [D% ' the analysis of changes in the level of sedentary behaviours in the period of not only lower or upper-secondary school but 9 # ' time devoted to different forms of passive activities in the 9 ) # D ' ' D' 9 D D E ' 6* 9 9 7 'D(* D % 9) == J' D ' ' D \ 9 ' ' % ' ' D 4D% ' \9' D ' '[D% ' increase in primary school and decrease in lower-secondary D# '% ' \ 9 ' ' D E P children and youth devoted a similar number of hours to this D 94D% D ' ' D ' ' ' 8 ' ' \9 '9 ' E D ' ' '6**?*>=V*DW+W>(..% _??/7 , % D% D ' '% ' '# 9 D ' ' '% D' 9 D D 'D There is no doubt that the lack of physical activity exerts ' D \ indicate the fact that health disorders which until recently were typical of adults have become more and more common ' E %9 % ' % ' D 9 D ' ]*%.%(%*?^ D (?)=? 9 .+. humans below 20 years of age suffer from pains in a lower '9 E9 % % 9 D ' 9 9 ]+^ ; '' '9 9 ' time devoted to physical activity and sedentary behaviours is the need for increasing the level of physical activity and decreasing the amount of time devoted to the latter form of ' ]**)*/^ # D 9 %9 D 9 E D 'E ' D9 % D 9 D B who conduct various forms of physical classes for children often observe the phenomenon of a child coming straight 9 D % ' 'G # % 'JG%9 ' 9 ' D%9 ' 9 9 D 9 Y9]W%*.^ Using a computer and watching television took up ' 9 9 P ; 4 ]*V^ % 9 ' these media is connected with a number of unfavourable phenomena such as spending time in a sitting position by D% ' them has obvious advantages such as facilitating everyday D % D ' D ' 9 E9% ' ' weekly schedule of a young person should be made in 9 D I ' 9 of sports and recreational character without being convinced of the necessity of changes in the time devoted to sedentary D CONCLUSIONS * Time devoted by children and youth to sedentary D ' ' . E D '% '% ' ' a computer is determined by the gender of children and / I ' D 9 character with children and youth the type of sedentary D B.?**X*.*6/7 REFERENCES * I H;A ] 5^ ; O !% I H 67 % " $ $ ' B N ! I5 #4 < X.??F+*)F . &D 4% K 4K% H JI ; ' 9 care physicians to prescribe physical activity to sedentary patients to 9 4& B ' .??.X((5*F+)(/ / [ 8}% S H% H }[% [ ;R 4 P % D 4 .??*X+?5(+F)F. V S KB% < I[ & K;4;*WWWX.=.5*+(W)=* + B K% K R% , R% S ;% S R% 4R$' I .??=XF*6()W75*=/)W F B N% < K S " ; I J ' I I5 8 4'X.??/ ( )I R%S';%E9R8" A %9" ! AE' KA.??WXV6F+75*W+).?/ = I H% 4 K % ' " B .??. N !I5IB'' :IX.??. W )S K% 4 KE% K S " ' &3;AB[ 'R .??=X=W6.75.VF)+? *?N" K%&}%&I%&N%H" <& " " S B % ] 5^ ,$ S% S ! "H B5;IJ%IIJX.??+(()=V **K4%E#%O !;;A ' $' B.??+ B[ 'R .??FX=(5.W *.I E%K4I! " ' &A ## ;A 9 'B[ 'R .??(X==6*75FW)(/ */I &%I;%8 S} $ 85 N I"8I J ' E X.??+*W).. *V4 HE '9A #58" I' %3E!) H'%KH' 67I' } 5I&X .??+/W)F/ -9 Dr '$5,86=&=$352:6., %I J %O!8 I" K$9N 'X'à8.$6=672/,ē6., %$ 88$O'$ KB##8 X dr $1'5=(- 6=&=<*,(à % I N N% ; I J ' S X $*1,(6=.$ .ĉ'5$ % I I J ' 8 H B 9 Dariusz Czaprowski O!8I" K$9N ' H'//%*?).V/O F?(/?(((/ ) 5