przyimki-miejsca-i-czasu

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34
Zastosowanie przyimków miejsca
Przyimki występują zwykle z rzeczownikami przymiotnikami lub zaimkami. W języku
angielskim istnieje szeroka gama przyimków miejsca określających położenie osób
i rzeczy. Do podstawowych należą ‘at’, ‘in’, ‘on’. Wszystkie one mogą wyrażać podobne
znaczenia ‘na, w, przy, u’ w zależności od rzeczownika, z którym występują. Złożeń
takich należy nauczyć się na pamięć, gdyż tylko w nielicznych przypadkach istnieje
analogia w zastosowaniu podobnych przyimków w języku polskim.
at a bus stop
at a concert
at a party
at home
at school
at work
at university
at the airport
at the border
at the (railway) station
at the baker’s
at the chemist’s
in Europe / Africa
in Poland / England
in Warsaw / London
in a town / a city / a village
in a shop
in a garden / a park
in a room
in a book / a magazine
in the middle of (the road)
in a museum
in bed
in hospital
at the dentist
at the doctor’s
at the stationer’s
at the traffic lights
at Adam’s (house)
at my friend’s (house)
at the door
in the house
in Peter’s house
in the street
in the world
in the sky
in a car / a taxi
in my hand
on a table
on a plate
on a wall
on a map
on a desk
on a shelf
on a tree
on an island
on the floor
on the carpet
on the ground
on the ceiling
on the coast
on the ground floor
on the first / second floor
on the right / the left
on page (fifty)
on a bus / a train / a
plane
on a ship
Let’s visit David. He is certainly at home.
We cannot be late at the airport.
I usually buy toothpaste at the chemist’s.
You must stop at the traffic lights.
Did you buy these buns at the baker’s?
Why are you standing at the door?
Cindy’s mother works in a shop.
Wait in my room. I’ll come back soon.
The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. I left my documents in your house.
Brian is in hospital because he is ill.
We live in Greenery Street.
There are a few biscuits on the plate. All your magazines are on the shelf.
I will hang the poster on the wall.
There are few plums on the trees.
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Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166
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I. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’.
................
................
................
................
................
the dentist
the floor
a shop
the sky
the door
................
................
................
................
................
the table
the coast
bed
Australia
the bus-stop
...............
................
................
................
................
university
a shelf
the left
a taxi
the border
II. Napisz odpowiedzi stosując podane rzeczowniki z właściwymi przyimkami.
1. ‘Where is Alice now?’
2. ‘Where did you meet Mr Grey?’
3. ‘Where are Van Gogh’s pictures?’
4. ‘Where did she lose her purse?’
5. ‘Where are clouds?’
6. ‘Where do you buy envelopes?’
7. ‘Where does Tom study?’
8. ‘Where did you put the books?’
(the park)
(the station)
(a museum)
(a train)
(the sky)
(a stationer’s)
(university)
(the desk)
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
‘.................................................’
III. Uzupełnij zdania rzeczownikami z właściwymi przyimkami.
a concert
the ground floor
the map
the photo
a village
work
1. The Greens don’t live upstairs. They live ........................................ .
2. Mr Howard is ........................................ in his office.
3. We were ........................................ yesterday. It was the Rolling Stones and friends.
4. ‘Can you recognise anyone ........................................?’ ‘Oh, yes. It is my grandpa.’
5. Our grandfather lives ........................................ far from the city area.
6. This place must be very small. I cannot find it ........................................ .
IV. Uzupełnij zdania przyimkami ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’.
1. There are some guests .................... our neighbours’ house.
2. Walton Street is the second .................... the right.
3. We had a very nice afternoon .................... the garden yesterday.
4. The police caught the thieves .................... the border.
5. ‘Where is chapter three?’ ‘.................... page fifty seven.’
6. ‘Did you have a good time .................... the party last night?’ ‘Oh yes, we did.’
7. The first settlers travelled .................... a ship.
8. We are thinking of spending two weeks .................... Italy in summer.
9. There is someone .................... the door. Go and open it.
10. The explorers hoped to find gold .................... the island.
11. Be careful .................... the street. There a lot of cars there.
12. Look! There is a damp spot .................... the ceiling.
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35
Zastosowanie przyimków czasu
Przyimki występują z rzeczownikami lub zaimkami. Podstawowe przyimki występujące z
określeniami czasu to ‘at’, ‘in’ oraz ‘on’. Znaczenie, jakie wyrażają zależy od
rzeczownika, z którym występują. Typowych złożeń należy nauczyć się na pamięć, gdyż
tylko w nielicznych przypadkach istnieje analogia w zastosowaniu podobnych przyimków
w języku polskim.
Przyimek ‘at’ występuje z:
- określeniami godziny:
at 6 o’clock, at 8.15 a.m., at 7.15 p.m.
- określeniami pory dnia: at noon, at midday, at midnight, at night
- nazwami świąt:
at Christmas, at Easter
- innymi określeniami:
at the moment, at the weekend, at weekends
at the beginning/the end of April/the month/the week
Przyimek ‘in’ występuje z:
- nazwami miesięcy:
- określeniem roku:
- nazwami pór roku:
- nazwami pór dnia:
in June, in September, in December
in 1824, in 1900, in 1972, in 1999
in spring, in summer, in autumn (fall), in winter
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the night
Przyimek ‘on’ występuje z:
- nazwami dni: on Sunday, on Monday, on Friday
- określeniem dzień + pora dnia: on Tuesday morning, on Saturday evening
- datami określającymi konkretny dzień: on 28 September, on 22 July, on 3 May
- z nazwami świąt przypadającymi na konkretny dzień: on April Fool’s Day,
on New Year’s Eve
Przyimki czasu nie występują z określeniami: ‘every’, ‘last’, ‘next’, ‘this’, ‘tomorrow’.
We play cards every day.
She arrived last week.
Tim is coming next Sunday.
What are you doing on Monday evening?
Brian passed his exams in May.
The Boltons returned at midnight. We are meeting on 1 September.
He went to hospital in winter.
We usually stay at home at weekends.
76
I. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’.
................
................
................
................
................
Wednesday
eleven o’clock
November
Christmas
31 March
................
................
................
................
................
Friday afternoon
the weekend
midnight
the night
spring
...............
................
................
................
................
1989
5.15 a.m.
noon
the evening
Saturday night
II. Napisz odpowiedzi stosując podaną informację oraz właściwe przyimki.
1. ‘When is Fred’s birthday?’
2. ‘When was it raining?’
3. ‘When did you wake up?’
4. ‘When is Christmas Eve?’
5. ‘When are the Browns returning?’
6. ‘When are you free?’
7. ‘When is the great match?’
8. ‘When did people walk on the moon?’
(17 February)
(Thursday)
(7.30 a.m.)
(24 December)
(Friday morning)
(summer)
(Sunday evening)
(1969)
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
‘.......................................’
III. Uzupełnij zdania stosując podane zwroty z właściwymi przyimkami.
April Fool’s Day
autumn
Easter
midnight
Sunday
July and August
1. People don’t usually go to work ........................................ .
2. Summer holidays are ........................................ .
3. Children should be in their beds ........................................ .
4. We like to play a lot of practical jokes ........................................ .
5. ......................................... , leaves on trees go red and yellow.
6. It’s a tradition to paint eggs ......................................... .
IV. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’ jeżeli są wymagane.
1. Are you going to visit us .................... Saturday afternoon?
2. Christopher Columbus discovered America .................... 1492.
3. Our baby fell ill .................... Christmas Day.
4. .................... last year, Mr Jenkins wrote two books.
5. It is usually cold and snowy .................... winter in our country.
6. .................... 9 May, the war came to an end.
7. We are collecting money for poor people .................... this week.
8. ‘What is Joan doing .................... the moment?’ ‘She is watching cartoons.’
9. My alarm-clock rang .................... six o’clock .................... the morning.
10. The accident happened .................... Tuesday morning.
11. The conference is starting .................... next Monday.
12. The temperature was the highest .................... noon.
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przyimki-miejsca-i-czasu

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