NON-MARKET FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF TRANSPORT, FREIGHT

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NON-MARKET FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF TRANSPORT, FREIGHT
NON-MARKET FACTORS OF
COMPETITIVENESS OF TRANSPORT,
FREIGHT FORWARDING AND LOGISTICS
COMPANIES
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Forum Scientiae Oeconomia Volume 2 (2014) No. 4
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1.Entities offeringservices in the logistics services
market
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Forum Scientiae Oeconomia Volume 2 (2014) No. 4
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3.
2.Regionalpolicy
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