Rozd 3.indd - Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
Animal Science No 54 (2), 2015: 133–137
(Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Anim. Sci. 54 (2), 2015)
Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds and their
crossbreeds with Polish Holstein-Friesian cows
TOMASZ PRZYSUCHA, MARCIN GOŁĘBIEWSKI, KAROLINA WNĘK,
JAN SLÓSARZ, MAŁGORZATA KUNOWSKA-SLÓSARZ
Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
Abstract: Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds and their crossbreeds with Polish
Holstein-Friesian cows. Calving course of cows
of Charolaise breed covered by bulls of the same
breed as well as cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian
(PHF) breed inseminated with Charolaise bull’s semen was investigated. In purebred population the
material was taken from the beef cattle recording
scheme provided by the Polish Association of Beef
Cattle Breeders and Producers. In case of commercial crossing the material was taken from the
questionnaires collected by the technicians representing Mazovian Centre of Animal Breeding and
Reproduction in Łowicz. The data base covered
calving course degree and calf body weight at birth
degree. It was proved, that the significantly higher
ratio of deliveries when human help was needed
was stated in the purebred Charolaise population
(24.5%), in comparison to crossbreeding where the
above mentioned ratio was only 12.2%. The most
difficult calvings were observed for the calves of
the highest birth weight. The high ratio of assisted
calvings in commercial crossing as well as in purebred population of Charolaises suggest that all of
the deliveries should be monitored by the breeders.
It should be also stated that the ratio of difficult
calvings in the commercial crossing is significantly lower than that observed in purebred PHF
population. Because of so low ratio of assisted
calvings in commercial crossing with Charolaise
bulls it should be recommended to use the semen
of bulls which pedigree show high body weight at
birth and muscularity.
Key words: Charolaise, calving course, commercial crossing
INTRODUCTION
Beef cows are not milked, hence the economic results of this branch of beef production depend mainly on the number of
healthy and vital calves born from cows
without any negative influence on their
health and future reproduction.
Among many factors influencing the
proper calves development, beside of
husbandry conditions, the calving course
is mentioned by many authors (Nogalski
2004, Grodzki et al. 2009, Przysucha
2009).
Calving course depends on many factors like: breed, body weight and condition of cow, calving number, body weight
and sex of calf at delivery. Calving difficulty, growth rate and calf muscularity
are the main traits used to formulate the
evaluation criteria of breeding indexes
for beef cattle in many countries.
According to many authors (Philippson 1976, Philippson 1977, Burfening et al. 1981, Meijering 1984, Berger
1994, Nogalski and Klupczyński 1999,
Grodzki et al. 2010), calving course is
influenced by many genetic and phenotypic factors. On the base of the wide
literature review Nogalski (2004) and
Przysucha (2009) agreed, that the main
134
T. Przysucha et al.
factors affecting calving course were:
cow age (calving number), calf body
weight at birth, calf sex, cow caliber and
its pelvis area, parents breed, pregnancy
length, parents genotypes, cow condition and feeding during pregnancy, calf
shape and its position at delivery. All the
above mentioned factors are strictly connected one to the other.
Following the rules of the most
breeding programs for beef breeds it is
easy to recognize, that calving course,
calf body weight at delivery, calf body
shape, daily growth rate, feed conversion, cutting rate and carcass quality are
the main items to the breeding value formula (Nogalski and Klupczyński 1999,
Przysucha et al. 2005, Przysucha et al.
2007).
In the young Polish beef cattle production the purebred female population
consists of 14 beef breeds, but Charolaise
cows and heifers number amounts to
about 15% and in commercial crossing
to 8.5%. Charolaise breed is predisposed
for the intensive fattening with the very
high daily gain at the moderate feedstuffs use. Animals kept for slaughtering
can be fattened to the high body weight
without any risk of over fattening. The
proper use of beef bulls (without regard
of their breed) is crucial for the commercial crossing results. This type of crossbreeding is often identified with calving
difficulties. Papers provided by many
authors clearly proved, that the calving difficulties within specialized beef
breeds are the same or even lower (in
case of commercial crossing) than those
in case of purebred dairy herd (Hanset
1981, Nix et al. 1998, Nogalski 2002,
Przysucha and Grodzki 2008, Przysucha
et al. 2009).
The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of difficult calvings
in Charolaise cows and dairy cows inseminated by Charolaise bulls semen in
the commercial crossing.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The calving course of 98 purebred Charolaise (3–8 years old) cows inseminated by the same breed bulls as well
as 123 Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF)
cows serviced by Charolaise bulls semen (commercial crossbreeds) was
monitored. Results of beef cattle recording scheme conducted by Polish
Association of Beef Cattle Breeders
and Producers constituted the material
for investigation.
In case of commercial crossing (dairy
cow × Charolaise bull) the calving course
was examined by technicians from Mazovian Centre of Animal Breeding and
Reproduction in Łowicz.
The data base covered calving course
degree and calf body weight at birth degree. Calving course was evaluated as:
normal, without any assistance (1), help
of the breeder needed (2).
Depending on body weight at birth
(kg) calves were divided into the following groups: up to 35 kg, 36–45 kg,
beyond 45 kg.
Statistical analysis of the calving difficulties frequencies was carried out by
Chi-square test using SPSS 12.0 (Statistical Product and Service Solution
1998).
Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds...
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The ratio of calving course examination
for purebred and crossbred populations
was presented in Table 1.
135
Relatively high percentage of difficult calvings (with assistance needed)
in purebred Charolaises and crossbreds
from commercial crossing of PHF cows
with Charolaise bulls suggests, that all
TABLE 1. The ratio of calving course examination for purebred and crossbred populations
Calving course
with help
Population
without any assistanse
of the breeder
Total
(1)
(2)
74
24
98
N
Purebred
%
75.5
24.5
100.0
108
15
123
N
Commercial crossing
%
87.8
12.2
100.0
Significance at P ≤0.01.
Obtained results show significantly
higher ratio of difficult calvings in the
purebred Charolaise population in comparison to commercial crossing.
The calf body weight at birth had
significant influence on calving course
ratio. The highest ratio of difficult calvings were found, when calf body weight
was the highest (Table 2). Obtained results are the same as those presented by
practically all the authors dealing with
the problem.
of the deliveries should be monitored by
the breeder.
It should be stated, that the ratio of
difficult calvings in commercial crossing
with Charolaise bulls is much lower than
those shown by the authors dealing with
the purebred PHF (Fouz et al. 2013).
Because of the relatively small percentage of difficult deliveries in commercial crossing with Charolaise bulls,
this breed should be recommended
to use for that purpose. The highest
calving difficulty, compared with pure
TABLE 2. The influence of calf body weight at birth on calving course
Population
Purebred
Commercial crossing
Significance at P ≤0.01.
Calf body weight at birth
(kg)
<35
35–45
>45
<35
35–45
>45
Calving course
without any
with help of
assistanse (1)
the breeder (2)
%
91.6
8.4
82.4
17.6
71.2
28.8
97.8
2.2
91.4
8.6
73.9
26.1
136
T. Przysucha et al.
Holsteins was for crosses with Belgian
Blue followed by Limousine and Galician Blonde (Fouz et al. 2013).
Irrespectively to calves genotype
(purebreds or crossbreeds) the frequencies of difficult calvings increase with the
birth body weight of the calves (Table 2).
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GRODZKI H., NAWROCKI L., PRZYSUCHA
T., GRODZKI G., KONOPKA B. 2009:
Chów bydła mięsnego. Wielkopolskie Wydawnictwo Rolnicze, Poznań.
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Comparison of calving course of Charolaise purebreds...
Statistical product and service solution case version 8.0 for Windows, User’s Guide, 1998, by
SPSS Inc., USA.
Streszczenie: Porównanie przebiegu porodu
u krów rasy charolaise i jej mieszańców z bydłem
rasy polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej. W pracy oceniono przebieg porodów 98 krów rasy charolaise
krytych buhajami tej samej rasy oraz 123 krów
rasy polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej odmiany
czarno-białej (phf) krytych w krzyżowaniu towarowym z buhajami mięsnej rasy charolaise.
W hodowli czystorasowej materiałem do badań
były wyniki oceny użytkowości bydła mięsnego
prowadzonej przez Polski Związek Hodowców
i Producentów Bydła Mięsnego. W przypadku
krzyżowania towarowego materiałem do badań
były dane zawarte w „Kartach przebiegu ocielenia krowy” prowadzonych przez specjalistów
Mazowieckiego Centrum Hodowli i Rozrodu
Zwierząt Sp. z o.o. w Łowiczu. Dane dotyczące 98 porodów krów rasy charolaise inseminowanych nasieniem buhajów tej samej rasy oraz
123 porodów krów phf inseminowanych nasieniem buhajów mięsnej rasy charolaise obejmowały ocenę przebiegu porodu oraz masę cielęcia przy
urodzeniu. Uzyskane wyniki jednoznacznie pokazują, że znacznie większy i statystycznie istotny
udział porodów wymagających pomocy człowieka
stwierdzono w populacji czystorasowej bydła charolaise (24,5%), w porównaniu z krzyżowaniem
137
towarowym krów mlecznych z buhajami tej rasy,
gdzie odsetek trudnych ocieleń wyniósł zaledwie
12,2%. Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotny
wpływ masy cielęcia na rozkład ocen przebiegu
porodu w obu badanych populacjach. Najwięcej
trudnych porodów zanotowano w grupie cieląt
o największej masie przy urodzeniu. Stosunkowo
duży odsetek porodów wymagających udziału
człowieka zarówno w krzyżowaniu towarowym,
jak i w populacji czystorasowej charolaise sugeruje potrzebę monitorowania przez hodowcę
wszystkich porodów. Należy podkreślić, że odsetek przypadków trudnych ocieleń w krzyżowaniu
towarowym z rasą charolaise jest znacznie mniejszy z ich częstością, jaką notuje się u bydła phf
utrzymywanego w czystości rasy.
Słowa kluczowe: charolaise, rodzaj porodów,
krzyżowanie towarowe
MS received November 2015
Authors’ address:
Tomasz Przysucha
Zakład Hodowli Bydła
Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli Zwierząt
Wydział Nauk o Zwierzętach SGGW
ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warszawa
Poland
e-mail: [email protected]