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debatebi skolaSi saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisTvis gori, 2013 proeqtis koordinatorebi: antoni stSemeCni megi bibiluri redaqtorebi: antoni stSemeCni megi bibiluri avtorebi: anna galer, mixal tragaJ, andJei vitkovski, eudita zietkovska Tarjimani: lela papuaSvili stilist koreqtori: xaTuna baliaSvili vaxtang ZanZava damkabadonebeli: Salva muradaSvili `debatebi skolaSi _ saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisTvis~ xelmisawvdomia mxolod poloneTisgan miniWebuli Crea�ve Commons A�ribu�on 3.0 avtorobis licenziiT. yvela ufleba daculia `samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo centris~ mier. publikacia dafinansebulia 2013 wels poloneTis respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministros sagareo daxmarebis programis farglebSi _ `demokratiis xelSewyoba~. nebadarTulia naSromis gamoyeneba im pirobiT, Tu gamoyenebuli licenziisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb, agreTve „polonuri programebis TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb“ informacia iqneba daculi. publikacia momzadebulia proeqtis `debatebis skolis~ farglebSi. proeqti Tanadafinansebulia poloneTis respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministros sagareo daxmarebis programis farglebSi _ `demokratiis xelSewyoba~. publikacia warmoadgens mxolod da mxolod misi avtorebis azrs da ar gamoxatavs poloneTis respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministros oficialur mosazrebas. proeqtis Semsruleblebi samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo centri `megobrobis xidi _ qarTlosi~ KARTLOSI qalbatonebo da batonebo, 4 samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo centrs miaCnia, rom skola SesaZlebelia iyos is adgili, sadac axalgazrdebi Tavisuflad gamoxataven sakuTar Sexedulebebs, ganixilaven skolasTan dakavSirebul problemebs da, aseve, moiZieben problemebidan gamosvlis gzebs, rac debatebis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli. mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo centri muSaobs saskolo TviTmmarTvelobis da axalgazrdebis gaaqtiurebis meTodebis danergvis proeqtebis realizaciaze. fondis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, debatebi amaRlebs moswavleTa cnobierebas da xels uwyobs sakuTari saWiroebebis Camoyalibebas, aseve, sxvaTa azris gaTvaliswinebas. aRniSnuli cnobari, upirvelesyovlisa, gankuTvnilia maswavleblebisTvis, romlebsac surT moswavleebis debatebSi CarTva, magram publikaciis gamoyeneba, agreTve, SeuZliaT moswavleebs, direqtorebs, TviTmmarTvelobis kuratorebs da yvela im adamians, romlebsac surT skolis TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTareba. vfiqrobT, rom cnobarSi warmodgenili meTodebi xels Seuwyobs axalgazrdebis CarTulobas skolis problemebis mogvarebisas gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros. antoni stSemeCni, samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo centri proeqtis `debatebis skolis~ koordinatori sarCevi nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 6 ra aris TviTmmarTveloba? 6 TviTmmarTvelobis idea 6 ras warmoadgens moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba? 7 skolis TviTmmarTveloba 9 moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, rogorc demokratiis laboratoria 9 moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis kuratoris roli 11 risTvis arsebobs skolis TviTmmarTveloba? 14 CaerTeT saqmianobaSi 17 rogor movizidoT moswavleTa jgufis didi raodenoba? 18 nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi 19 skolis TanamegobrobasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis aRmoCena 20 argumentebis Seqmna 27 debatebis martivi xerxebi 32 farTo diskusiis warmarTvis saSualebebi 38 xedva, Tu risi miRweva gvsurs momavalSi 52 5 nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi anna galer, mixal tragaJ, andJei vitkovski, eudita ziedkovska 6 ra aris TviTmmarTveloba? ganaTlebis sistemis kanonidan gamomdinare, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba arsebobs TiToeul skolaSi. Seesabameba Tu ara es simarTles? mraval skolaSi TviTmmarTveloba Semoifargleba metnaklebad demokratiuli arCevnebis CatarebiT, romelic skolis akademiis Tavmjdomaris da ramdenime piris organizebiT tardeba. axdens Tu ara gavlenas amgvari aqtivobebi TviTmmarTvelobis dafuZnebaze? SevecadeT Cvens publikaciaze am kiTxvebisTvis gvepasuxa. TviTmmarTvelobis idea moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis idea ufro adre daibada, vidre skolis TviTmmarTvelobis iuridiuli regulireba SemoiRes. XIX saukuneSi ukve iyo saubrebi moswavleTa avtonomiis Sesaxeb, xolo XX saukuneSi polonelma pedagogebma _ ianuS korCakma da aleqsandre kaminskim moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seitanes. isini darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom dasjis da mkacri disciplinis nacvlad, moswavleebs unda miscemodaT Camoyalibebis SesaZlebloba da gadawyvetilebis miRebaze gavlenis moxdenis saSualeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, pasuxismgeblobas gazrdida maT jgufze, sivrceze da aswavlida maT CarTulobas. nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis gamokvlevisas gamovlinda, rom skolis problemisas miRebuli erToblivi gadawyvetileba da gamocdileba, asakSi myofTa sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTulobaze did gavlenas axdens. ratom aris skolis TviTmmarTveloba mniSvnelovani? saganmanaTleblo aspeqtis garda, moswavleebs eZlevaT im realuri problemebis gadawyvetis saSualeba, romelTac isini Sexvdnen. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, savarjiSoebi, anda simulaciebi, ar warmoadgens TamaSs, aramed, es mniSvnelovani realuri muSaobaa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. TviTmmarTvelobis daxmarebiT, moswavleebs arsebuli sakiTxebis gadaWris saSualeba uSualod eZlevaT. skolis realobidan gamomdinare, rogor muSaobs es yvelaferi, aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli TviTmmarTvelobis ideis realizacia polonul skolebSi WeSmariti? TviTmmarTveloba warmoadgens samuSaos, romelic Tanabar gavlenas axdens yvela im pirze, romlebic erTad muSaoben, swavloben, erTad atareben dRis naxevars, erTmaneTs ar avneben, ar uSlian xels, ki ar dascinian, aramed exmarebian, zrunaven da wesrigs yuradRebas aqceven. ianuS korCaki ras warmoadgens moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba? moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba skolis moswavleTa garkveul raodenobas moicavs. arCeuli warmomadgenlebi moswavleTa interesebs icaven da zrunaven. sasurvelia gvaxsovdes, rom skolis Sinagan saqmianobaSi, rac SeiZleba metma moswavlem miiRos monawileoba. agreTve, nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 7 8 aranakleb sasurvelia, gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileoba, rac skolaSi arsebul situaciaze gavlenas axdens. moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba instituciaa, romelmac axalgazrdebs problemebis damoukideblad gadaWris saSualeba unda misces da miiRon gadawyvetilebebi im sakiTxebze, romlebic maT exeba, agreTve, skolis erTobliv marTvas da kamaTSi monawileobis miRebaze. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis rols moswavleTa uflebebis dacvac warmoadgens. TviTmmarTvelobas SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saskolo cxovrebis sxvadasxva iniciativis danergvis procesSi. TviTmmarTveloba moswavleebs qmedebebze pasuxismgeblobis aRebas da Sedegebis prognozirebas aswavlis. misi daxmarebiT moswavleebi sakuTari azris gamoxatvis unars iZenen, xdebian ufro damoukidebelni da mtkiceni, iniciativebis gamoxatvas da aRebuli valdebulebebis realizacias swavloben. xSirad Cndeba saSiSroeba, rom moswavleebi da axalgazrdebi imisTvis arian, rom pasuxismgebloba Tavis Tavze aiRon, damoukideblad moiZion gamosavali, anda, SeZlon maTi garemos ganviTareba. arsebobs mosazreba, rom axalgazrdebs ar gaaCniaT saTanado gamocdileba da unarebi, magram Cven SegviZlia am problemas sxva kuTxiTac SevxedoT: sad, Tu ara skolaSi, praqtikebis da aqtivobebis saSualebiT, moswavleebs miecemaT misi miRebis saSualeba? nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi skolis TviTmmarTveloba codnis gadmocemis garda, skolis roli, aseve, moswavleTa jgufebSi erToblivi saqmianobis CatarebaSi, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Segnebul monawileobaSi, sakuTari iniciativebiT gamosvlasa da aqtivobebSi CarTulobaSi mdgomareobs. arsebuli saganmanaTleblo programa, zogadad, amgvari tipis skolis rols xazs usvams. vinaidan, praqtikuli savarjiSoebis da aqtivobebSi CarTulobis gareSe SeuZlebelia Teoriuli codnis saSualebiT aRniSnuli unarebis SeZena. ganaTlebis procesi miznis ganxorcielebisas vlindeba, xolo misi miRweva am procesis kulminacias warmoadgens. rodesac simZimis centri Sedegidan procesze gadadis, axalgazrdaTa TviTmmarTveloba saTanado gadawyvetilebas iRebs da sakiTxebis gadaWris dros aqtiurad erTveba. sazogadoebrivi unarebis SeZenis TvalsazrisiT, saganmanaTleblo mniSvneloba zustad am procesebSi mdgomareobs. warmateba maTi Zalisxmevis jildoa, magram ufro meti swavlaa SesaZlebeli daSvebuli Secdomebis gaanalizebiT da ara warumateblobis mizezebis ZiebiT. es xorcieldeba ara imisTvis, rom damnaSaveebi gamovavlinoT, aramed gamovitanoT daskvnebi im Temebis Sesaxeb, romlebic daxvewas, an unarebis SeZenas saWiroebs, romlebzec unda vivarjiSoT. moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, rogorc demokratiis laboratoria skolis TviTmmarTvelobis funqcionireba, SesaZlebelia, rom demokratiis laboratoriamde iyos miyvanili. laboratoriaSi moswavleebi eqsperimentebis, gamocdilebis da aqtivobebis meSveobiT Seiswavlian universalur nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 9 socialur meqanizmebs, iZenen individualur unarebs, kritikul azrovnebas, sakuTari azris Camoyalibebas da dacvas. moswavleebs sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis SedegebTan, an saqmianobasTan gamklaveba mouwevT. imisTvis, rom laboratoriam srulfasovani saqmianoba SeZlos, unda aRiWurvos Sesabamisi mowyobilobiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, Sesabamisi wesebis _ normebis dacvas saWiroebs. arsebobs dakisrebuli kanoni an gankargulebac, magram didi nawili skolis sazogadoebis debulebas da TviT moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis debulebas, 10 saskolo tradiciebs da araformalur wesebs ukavia. laboratoriaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva reagenti, mowyobiloba, instrumenti. veravin Secvlis saSiSroebebs _ gazis sanTurs ver Secvlian xelovnuriT, vinaidan maszea damokidebuli eqsperimentis warmateba. igive procesebi arsebobs moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis SemTxvevaSic. imisTvis, rom mivaRwioT warmatebas, partnioruli urTierToba da WeSmariti ndobaa saWiro. arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac spontanurad xdeba maswavleblebis TviTmmarTvelobaSi warmomadgenlad, xolo direqtoris mier Tavmjdomaris, an sabWos arCeva. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, TviTmmarTveloba aRar warmoadgens demokratiul laboratorias, xSir SemTxvevaSi arc WeSmariti TviTmmarTvelobaa. amgvar praqtikas axlavs argumentebi, rom moswavleebi warmomadgenlebs irCeven cudad, seriozulad ar uyureben arCevnebs da arsebobs arakompetenturi kandidatis arCevis saSiSroeba, rac skolaSi zedmet dabneulobas qmnis. skolebSi organizebuli arCevnebi gviCvenebs, rom amgvari SiSi usafuZvloa, rac CEO gamocdilebidan gamomdinareobs. moswavleTa araswori dacva, faqtobrivad, realuri codnis, Secdomebze nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi swavlis da sakuTar gadawyvetilebaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebidan icavs. Tu moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba unda warmoadgendes demokratiul laboratorias, maSin arsebobs organoebis demokratiuli arCevnebis saWiroeba (sayovelTao pirdapiri, Tanaswori da faruli arCevnebi). TviTmmarTvelobas unda gaaCndes faqtiuri uflebamosileba, avtonomia da qmedebis Tavisufleba, rac ufrosebisgan ar aris dakisrebuli, magram maTTan SeTanxmebiTaa SemuSavebuli. mxolod demokratiul TviTmmarTvelobas SeuZlia efeqturad Seaswavlos axalgazrdebs TviTorganizeba da 11 pasuxismgebloba jer skolis mimdebare teritoriaze, xolo Semdgom zrdasrul, adgilobriv da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaze. davubrundeT laboratoriaSi muSaobas, sadac SesaZlebelia eqsperimentebis Catareba yvela substanciasTan, rogoricaa amiaki da nitroglicerini. saWiroa mxolod imis codna, Tu rogor unda vimuSaoT maTTan. igive situaciaa moswavleebis mosazrebebTan dakavSirebiT. maTze uaris Tqmis nacvlad, sasurvelia erToblivad, dawvrilebiT gavaanalizoT da ganvixiloT maTi realizaciis strategia. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis kuratoris roli moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis kuratoris efeqtur da sasargeblo saqmianobis pirvel nabijs misi rolis gansazRvra warmoadgens. gTavazobT ramdenime ZiriTadi gansazRvris CamonaTvals: 1. kuratori ar aris TviTmmarTvelobis, anda sabWos wevri; nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 2. kurators SesaZlebelia hqondes sxvadasxva tipis davaleba, rac skolis donidan da moswavleebis aqtovobebidan gamomdinareobs da misi roli moswavleebTan unda iyos SeTanxmebuli; 3. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis warmatebebsa da warumateblobebze pasuxismgebloba moswavleebs ekisrebaT da ara kurators; 4. kuratorma daxmareba unda gauwios moswavleebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT Sesabamisi codna, an gamocdileba ar gaaCniaT, magram maTi TviTmmarTvelobis liderad ar 12 unda iqces. kuratori, romelic TviTmmarTvelobas uwevs mxardaWeras kuratori TviTmmarTvelobis lideris rolSi moswavleebis mxares warmatebebis da warumateblobis pasuxismgeblobas tovebs moswavleebs damoukideblad azrovnebisken mouwodebs moswavleebisgan ganxorcielebuli realizaciis SemTxvevaSi rTuli situaciis arsebobis dros mxars uWers maT imgvarad exmareba jgufis CamoyalibebaSi da samuSaos dagegmvaSi, rom moswavleebs ganrigis mixedviT mieceT muSaobis saSualeba moswavleTa saqmianobis efeqturobaze grZnobs srul pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar azrebs Tavs axvevs im SemTxevaSi, Tu aravin daTaxmdeba, anda ver axerxeben davalebis nawilis Sesrulebas, Tavad arsulebs mas movaleobebis da pasuxismgeblobis SeTavsebas akontrolebs nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi axorcielebs informaciis gadacemas (Suamavlobas), riTac aadvilebs urTierTobebs direqcias da moswavleebs Soris moswavleebs umartivebs damoukideblad gadawyvetilebis miRebas da mxars uWers maT kompromisebis Ziebisas Sexvedrebis dros ar dominirebs, an saerTod ar eswreba maT, Tu moswavleebi TviTon ar sTxoven daswrebas cdilobs, rom moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi uSualod daakavSiros direqciasTan im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic masTan unda SeaTanxmon TviTmmarTvelobis moswavleebi axorcieleben mxardaWeras saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli damoukidebeli regulirebis SeqmnaSi (saarCevno kanoni, debuleba) da maT samuSao gegmis Seqmnis saSualebas aZlevs axalgazrdebs sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis Sedegebis prognozirebas da riskebis Sefasebas aswavlis moswavleebs zevidan dakisrebuli davalebebis Sesrulebas avaldebulebs moswavleebis SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas moswavleebTan TviTmmarTvelobis Sexvedrebs atarebs direqciasTan urTierTobisas moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis erTaderTi warmomadgenelia damoukideblad SeimuSavebs moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis muSaobis gegmas, saarCevno kanons da debulebas brZanebs, krZalavs, an ar eTanxmeba nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 13 risTvis arsebobs skolis TviTmmarTveloba? kuratori xSirad ganmartavs, Tu risTvis arsebobs skolis TviTmmarTveloba? _ amgvari kiTxvebi ismeba TiTqmis yvela skolaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, urigo ar iqneba, Tu ramdenime arguments gamoviyenebT. moswavleTa perspeqtivebidan gamomdinare: 14 maT uSualo garemoze zegavlenis moxdena _ moswavleebi skolaSi kviris umetes nawils atareben, urigo ar iqneba imis codna, SeuZliaT Tu ara maT erToblivad miiRon gadawyvetileba, Tu rogor ifunqcionireben; komunikaciis gaumjobeseba _ moqmedi TviTmmarTvelobis daxmarebiT yvelas gaaCnia informacia, Tu ra xdeba skolaSi, rac aumjobesebs atmosferos da SesaZlo potenciuri konfliqtebis gadawyveta amartivebss; sakuTari unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba praqtikaSi _ codna miiReba ara mxolod tradiciul leqciebze; sxvadasxva tipis Tematuri da sazogadoebrivi proeqtebiT, rac erT-erT mecnierul saxeobas warmoadgens. konkretuli Temis Sesaxeb codnis miRebis garda, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT ganaviTaron jgufSi muSaobis unarebi, komunikacia, drois marTva da sakuTari Tavis prezentacia moaxdinon; molaparakebis da sakuTari Tavis prezentaciis mecniereba _ moswavleebi TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis daxmarebiT molaparakebebs, sakuTari saWiroebebis ierarqizacias da kompromisebis miRwevas Seiswavlian. imisTvis, rom moswavleebma mxardaWera miiRon, unda SeeZloT sakuTari mosazrebis sainteresod wardgena da TviTdamkvidrebisken swrafva. nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi rodesac maswavleblebs eWvi eparebaT: moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba xels uwyobs axalgazrdebs Soris partniorobis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, mwvave konfliqtebis da kamaTebisgan Tavis aridebas iwvevs. moswavleebisgan ganxorcielebuli saqmianoba TviTmmarTvelobis praqtikaSi demokratiis karg gakveTils warmoadgens: axalgazrdebi swavloben moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis organizebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileobas, mosalodneli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebas da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi gaazrebul CarTulobas; moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier warmatebuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas, skola ufro maRal safexurze ava, rac sirTuleebis gadalaxvaSi gamoixateba; moswavleebma ukeTesad ician, Tu raSi mdgomareobs maTi problemebi da am problemebis warmoSobis meqanizmebi, amitomac, skolebis umetesobaSi arsebobs axalgazrdaTa jgufi, romlebmac problemebis efeqturad gadawyveta ician; moswavleebi, romlebsac uyvarT sakuTari skola, swavlisTvis ufro motivirebulni arian. zogierT moswavles, visTvisac swavla problemas warmoadgens, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba sakuTar TavSi niWis aRmoCenis SesaZleblobas aZlevs da Sansi uCndeba saswavlo programis garda, sxva sferoebSic saukeTeso iyos. nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi 15 Tu direqcia gvkiTxavs... 16 moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier, skolis saWiroebebis efeqturi da racionaluri diagnozireba, rac skolas efeqturi gegmis SemuSavebaSi da, saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, cvlilebis ganxorcielebaSi exmareba; warmatebuli TviTmmarTveloba moswavlebis da mTlianad skolis sazogadoebis integracias axdens; moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobidan gamomdinare, warmoebs mecnierebis da garTobis (TamaSis) Tanaswori dayofa, rac skolaSi sasiamovno atmosferos qmnis; moswavleTa CarTuloba TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi mewarmeobis da pasuxismgeblobis skolas warmoadgens; moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas SeuZlia saqmianoba skolis gareTac awarmoos; moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas skolaSi informaciis mimosvlis gaumjobeseba SeuZlia; moswavleTa didi kontigentis mqone skolebSi direqcias da maswavleblebs yvela movlenis gakontroleba uZneldebaT, xolo organizebul moswavleebTan TanamSromloba maT problemebis gadawyvetaSi da, upirveles yovlisa, problemebis dafiqsirebaSi daexmareba. nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi CaerTeT saqmianobaSi TviTmmarTvelobaSi monawileoba yvela moswavles SeuZlia. Tu mis warmomadgenlebs surT Tanaorganizeba gauwion skolis cxovrebas da ganaxorcielon moswavleTa wardgena, maSin am procesSi axalgazrdebis, rac SeiZleba didi jgufi unda iyos CarTuli. gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, moswavleTa CarTulobis dabali done, warmomadgenlebis arCevis garda, TviTmmarTvelobis sisustis ZiriTad problemaswarmoadgens. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobis demokratiuli arCevis miuxedavad, Tu ar iqneba moswavleebs Soris kontaqti, mxardaWera da gamosavlebis gzebis Zieba, raimes Secvla SeuZlebeli iqneba. axalgazdebis dabali aqtivoba did problemas warmoadgens, rogorc maswavleblebisTvis, aseve moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobebis kuratorebisTvis da TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi CarTuli pirebisTvis. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi 17 rogor movizidoT moswavleTa jgufis didi raodenoba? pirveli _ moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebisgan SemoTavazebuli proeqtebi da iniciativebi (magaliTad: skolis gazeTis Seqmna-redaqtirebaSi monawileobis miReba); 18 meore _ erToblivi gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic yvela moswavles exeba (magaliTad: moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis gegmis konsultacia, an moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis kuratoris arCeva); mesame _ sxvadasxva wreSi monawileobis miReba (magaliTad: Teatraluri wre); meoTxe _ moxaliseebis CarTuloba sxvadasxva saqmianobaSi, romlis gansaxorcielebladac araerTi adamiani gvesaWiroeba; mexuTe _ arCevnebis organizeba _ kandidatebi ar warmoadgenen yvelafers, saWiroa saarCevno komisia, Stabi da prodaswreba. nawili pirveli _ TviTmmarTveloba skolaSi nawili meore - debatebi skolaSi proeqtSi _ „debatebis skola“ gankuTvnilia skolis TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebaze, rac SeiZleba moswavleebis mier debatebisdros ganxorcieldes. arsebobs mizezebis speqtri, sadac debati aqtivobis formas warmoadgens, romelic axalgazrdebis ganviTarebis da skolis cxovrebis gaumjobesebis saSualebaa. moyvanilia ramdenime mizezi: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. debatebis roli skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi debatebis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia skolis problemebis ganxilva; debatebSi SesaZlebelia bevri pirovnebis CarTuloba; debatebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia maswavleblebTan, direqciasTan da mSoblebTan saubris gamarTva; debatebisTvis momzadeba skolis saWiroebebis gansazRvris saSualebas iZleva; debatebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saskolo problemis gadaWra; debatebis saSualebiT skolis TviTmmarTvelobis xma miewodeba skolas; debatebis organizeba da masSi monawileobis miReba, moswavleebs raime problemasTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari poziciis daafiqsirebis saSualebas aZlevs; debatebis saSualebiT skolis garedan eqspertebis mowvevaa SesaZlebeli; debatebi warmoadgens moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis muSaobis iaraRs, romelic maswavleblebisTvis da moswavleebisTvis SesaZlebelia saintereso gamocdilebis SeZenis saSualebac iyos; debatebis wesis daxmarebiT, TiToeul msurvels forumSi monawileobis miRebis saSualeba eZleva; saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg nawilSi warmodgenilia pirveli nabijebi, romlebic debatebis momzadebaSi dagexmarebaT da, aseve, gTavazobT formebs, romelic saskolo debatebis gamarTvis dros SeiZleba gamoiyenoT. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi 19 `sjobs gamoxato mosazreba, vidre Sens Tavs es ufleba waarTva~ magdolena svat-pavlicka, aleqsanre pavlicki I. skolis TanamegobrobasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis aRmoCena: _ Jiuli miSlem leqcia, britaneTis istoriis Sesaxeb, sityvebiT _ „inglisi kunZulia“ daiwyo, Cvenc 20 davemsgavsebiT mas, Tu dasawyisSive gaviTvaliswinebT, rom debats gaaCnia Tema, romlis arCevac advili saqme araa. dasawyisSi sadiskusiod yvela gansxvavebul Temas sTavazobs. ganvixiloT ramdenime xerxi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Temebis gansazRvras da arCevas gagviadvilebs. I. 1 zogadi, an konkretuli kiTxvebi: raze unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba Temis formulirebisas? _ debatebis mTavar mizans darwmuneba warmoadgens, e.i. oponenti Cvens poziciaSi unda davarwmunoT. sanam sabolood daiwyebs ritorikuli xasiaTis gamosvlas, momxsenebelma dawvrilebiT unda gansazRvros mniSvnelovani cnebebi, argumentebis formulireba da magaliTebis Ziebis gzebi. SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom mniSvnelovania konkretuli Tema, romelic, detaluri sakiTxidan gamomdinare, ufro advilia sadebatod, vidre zogadi filosofiuri xasiaTis Temebi. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom detalur kiTxvebze gadasvlamde, mainc gviwevs saerTo problemis asaxva. am mimarTulebiT warmarTul debatebs ar miecemaT prozauli, anda zedapiruli xasiaTi. qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebi asaxavs zogad problemebs, saidanac konkretuli Temebi gamomdinareobs. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi saWiroebs Tu ara Tanamegobroba wesebis SemoRebas; saWiroa, Tu ara, wesebis SemoReba klasis warmatebuli funqcionirebisTvis; xdeba Tu ara samarTlianad Sefaseba damsaxurebis da bralis gaTvaliswinebiT; aris Tu ara Sefasebis xarisxi samarTliani? debatebis dawyebamde sasurveli iqneboda moswavleebisTvis Segvesrulebina savarjiSoebi, romlebic maT miscemda gaazrebis saSualebas, rogorc zogad, aseve, detalur doneze. pirvel SemoTavazebas Tanamegobrobis saerTo mosazreba warmoadgens zogadi da detaluri Temebis xasiaTze _ Tu ra siZneleebi gamomdinareobs da ra sargeblis motana 21 SeuZlia maTi gadawyvetilebis mRebidan gamomdinare. aseve, movuwodebT martivi savarjiSoebis Sedgenaze, romlebic dafuZnebuli iqneba, rogorc zogadi Temidan detalur Temaze gadasvlaze da, piriqiT, detaluri Temis SemoTavazebebidan, zogadi Temis Seqmnaze. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, maT miecemaT saSualeba gansazRvron filosofiis arseboba maTi yoveldlRiuri cxovrebis gamocdilebaSi. meore SemTxvevaSi, maT miecemaT saSualeba gaacnobieron, rom TiToeul konkretul situacias eTikuri da filosofiuri ganzomileba gaaCnia. I. 2 mkafiod rogor CamovayaliboT debatebis Tezisi? _ imisTvis rom, Sexvedris dros, sityviT gamosvlisas warmarTuli dikusia mivides konkiluziamde, saWiroa kargad dafiqrdeT debatis Tezisze. zerele formulirebisas, Cndeba Temidan gadasvlis da Sesabamisi argumentis mopovebis SeuZleblobis saSiSroeba. argumentaciis simravlem SeiZleba gamoiwvios sxvadasxva Temis Sesaxeb zerele mosazrebebis Camoyalibeba. debatis dawyebamde saWiroa testis Catareba, romelTan dakavSirebiTac vsvamT ramdenime kiTxvas, rogoricaa: nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi rogor moiazreben Teziss misi damcvelebi da mowinaaRmdegeebi? SesaZlebelia Tu ara Tezisis formaze damokidebulebiT Camoyalibdes kontrTezisi, romelic mas SeewinaaRmdegeba? romel sferoSi vlindeba argumentaciebi, xom ar aris zedmetad gansaxvavebuli, rac, SesaZlebelia, Tezisis zogad gamoTqmaSi iyos mimaniSnebeli? Temis interesidan gamomdinare mniSvnelovania, Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli martivi xerxebi, romlebic moswav22 leebis saWiroebebTan da gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebuli Temis SeqmnaSi dagvexmareba. skolis cxovrebaSi arsebuli problemebidan daSorebam SeiZleba migviyvanos im faqtamde, rodesac garTulebuli iqneba msmenelebis CarTuloba gamomsvlelisgan moxsenebul TemaSi, amitomac, sadebato Tema unda iyos sadavo da ara _ aSkara. Tezisebis magaliTebi, romlebic moswavleTa diskusiis Sedegad warmoiSvnen: saskolo gakveTilebi savaldebulo unda iyos; moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba, damoukideblad ganaxorcielon sakuTari qcevis Sefaseba; moswavle kargad swavlobs, rodesac mas yuradRebas aqceven; moswavleebma gakveTilebze warmoSobili problemebi Tavad unda gadawyviton; skola kreatiulobas aswavlis; TiToeuli egoistia; mxatruli literaturis kiTxva drois dakargvad iTvleba; qcevis Sefaseba gasauqmebelia. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi debatebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT zemoT CamoTvlili Tezisebis momzadebis dros da maTi Sefaseba moswavleebs vTxovoT. maTgan yvelaze saintereso unda airCion. amgvari savarjiSoebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT sakuTari Tezisebis formirebisas. moswavleebTan erTad unda movaxdinoT formulireba da Sefaseba, aris Tu ara warmodgenili konkretuli winadadebebi da debatis Catarebis saSualebebi. I. 3 ierarqizacia ierarqizacia martivi xerxia, romelic moswavleebs 23 sakiTxebis dalagebaSi exmareba, maTi mniSvnelobis da gamosadegobis mixedviT. maTi gamoyeneba SegviZlia, rogorc debatis Temis, aseve argumentebis SemuSavebis dros. TiToeul jgufs urigdeba furclebi, romelSic unda Caiweros is sakiTxebi, romlebzec unda gamaxvildes yuradReba _ TiToeul furcelze iwereba erTi sakiTxi. furcelze SeiZleba moiniSnos: problemebi, an sakiTxebi, romlebzec moswavleebs diskusia surT; debatis konkretul Temaze argumentebis momzadeba; jgufis mier adre gamovlenili sloganis, an sakvanZo sityvis cnebis SemoReba; vTxovT moswavleebs, miiRon gadawyvetileba furclebze mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis CawerasTan dakavSirebiT. maT SeuZliaT furclebze Camowerili sakiTxebi daalagon piramidis msgavsad _ romelTaganac amoirCeven yvelaze sainteresos da maTi mniSvnelobis mixedviT daalageben. moswavlebs furclebis dalageba koSkis formiT, an wriulad SegviZlia SevTavazoT. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi ierarqizaciaze muSaoba debatSi sityviT gamosvlisTvis gegmis momzadebis saSualebas gvaZlevs. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia momdevno safexurze gadavideT: sityvis momzadebisas debatidan gamovyoT mniSvnelovani Tema, davalagoT argumentebis mimdevroba, an SevqmnaT argumentebi, romlebic sakvanZo azris cnebas efuZneba. I. 4 kibe (samsaxurebrivi kibe), Tevzi _ diskusiisas SeiZleba daibados sxvadasxva tipis mo24 sazreba, romlebic sasurvelia davalagoT vizualizaciis xerxebis meSveobiT. SesaZlebelia Canawerebis formis gamoyeneba, romelic, amavdroulad, problemebis ierarqiuli rigiTobiT Caweris saSualebas mogvcems. yvelaze advil grafikul formas kibe warmoadgens. monawileebisTvis ki _ Temebis reitingis gansazRvra umniSvnelodan-mniSvnelovnamde, rac debatebSia miRebuli da gadamwyvetia skolis TanamegobrobisTvis, an klasisTvis. sxva tipis asaxvas saWiroebs e. w. Tevzis diagrama. problemebis Cawera SesaZlebelia Semgomi mimdevrobiT _ yvelaze mniSvnelovanidan (Tevzis Tavi) umniSvnelomde. argumentaciebis gawerisas, debatebisTvis momzadebisas ufro sasargebloa Tevzis ConCxze argumentebis Camowera. patara fxebze Camoiwereba magaliTebi, an mowinaaRmdegis argumentebi, an am sferodan naklebad mniSvnelovani argumentebi. I. 5 Semajamebeli winadadeba Semajamebeli winadadeba (Sejameba) martivi xerxia, romelic jgufis monawileTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebis SegrovebaSi gvexmareba. misi gamoyeneba SegviZlia nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi romelime etapis, an mecadineobis yvelaze martivad Sejamebisas. wamyvani dafaze, an plakatze dausrulebel winadadebebs wers da TiToeul moswavles erT-erTi maTganis arCevas da damTavrebas sTxovs. winadadeba SeiZleba Seexos yvela arsebul sakiTxs, magaliTad: „CemTvis, Cvens skolaSi yvelaze did problemas warmoadgens...“, „swavlaSi xels miSlis...“, „Cveni skolis Zlier mxares warmoadgens...“ „minda CaverTo saqmianobaSi, romelic exeba...“, „imisTvis, rom davexmaroT Cveni raionis mcxovreblebs, SeiZleba~... Semajamebeli winadadeba SeiZleba moviZioT sxvadasx- 25 va xerxiT, rac Cvens misaRwev mizanzea damokidebuli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, rom diskusiis dros, gamosvlis Semdeg gamoiTqvas azri, maSin SegviZlia SevajamoT „irgvliv daZalebis gareSes“ magaliTze, romelic monawiles saSualebas aZlevs, gamosvlisas gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazreba, an Tqvas „pasi“. „irgliv daZalebis gareSes“ monawilesTvis mniSvnelovan aspeqts warmoadgens arCevanis gakeTebis saSualebis micema, rac TavisTavad usafrTxoebis gancdas zrdis. TiToeul monawiles ufleba aqvs azri gamoTqvas, forumis Sedgenis, sxvadasxva azris mosmenis Sansi gaaCnia da SeuZlia sakuTari azris gamoTqmisagan Tavi Seikavos. unda ecadoT, rom „irgliv daZalebis gareSes“ dros aravin gamogrCeT. Semajamebeli winadadeba SegviZlia stikerebze CavweroT. moswavleebs dafasTan gasvlisas SeuZliaT misi miwebeba nebismier adgilze. moswavleTa Tanamegobrobisgan SemoTavazebul Temebze warmoebuli debatebis Sedegi mniSvnelovani mosazrebebis Sejameba iqneba. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi I. 6 ori Sexvedra ori Sexvedra warmoadgens meTods, romlis drosac diskusiis daxmarebiT moswavleTa saskolo TanamegobrobisTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis moZiebis saSualebas iZleva, rac or etapad tardeba. pirveli etapi Sexvedris mommzadeblis mier diskusiisas SemoTavazebuli sakiTxebis ramdenime jgufSi ganxilvas efuZneba. magaliTad, sakiTxebi SeiZleba iyos: umcrosi da ufrosi klaselebis TanamSromloba, urTierToba skolis TanamegobrobasTan da skolasTan miaxloebul garemosTan, skolis cxovrebaSi mSoblebis monawileobis 26 miRebas da a. S. urigo ar iqneba, Tu sakiTxebs formulirebas moswavleebi gauweven. jgufebSi Sexvedrisas moswavleebma unda daadginon, Tu rogor SeiZleba Sefasdes mocemuli situacia. SemoiRon aRniSvna _ ori plusi (Zalian kargi), plusi (kargi, magram, SesaZlebelia, raimes Secvlac), minusi (naTlad vxedavT cvlilebis saWiroebas), ori minusi (situacia saWiroebs swraf cvlilebas). jgufSi unda imuSaon klaselebma, an Tanatolebma. mniSvnelovania, rom maTi Sefaseba Sesabamisi gamocdilebidan gamomdinareobdes. moswavleebma unda Seagrovon yvela argumenti, romlebic maT Sefasebas da arCeul pozicias amarTlebs. meore etaps TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgenlebis Sexvedra warmoadgens, romlis drosac monawileebi TavianTi jgufis argumentebis da poziciis wardgenas axorcieleben. prezentaciis Semdgom, TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgeneli erToblivad iRebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu romeli sakiTxi unda gaxdes debatebis sagani, samomavlod ra Temazec dainteresebuli pirebis mowveva iqneba SesaZlebeli. ori Sexvedris saSualebiT, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT damoukideblad Camoayalibon momdevno diskusiisTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi I. 7 sakvanZo cnebebi es xerxi argumentebis Camoyalibebaze muSaobis dros gamoiyeneba. Temebis, an Tezisebis wardgenis Semdeg vTxovT moswavleebs, Seagrovin yvela sakvanZo cneba, romelic Temas exeba da isini rigiTobis mixedviT daalagon. Cveni saqmianobis momdevno nabijs, TiToeuli cnebisTvis nebismieri formiT, gonebriv rukaze ganmartebis Cawera warmoadgens. amgvarad, pirveli nabiji: Temis gaazrebaSi moswavleebs aZlevs saSualebas gansazRvron, Tu rogor gvesmis Tezisis sakvanZo cneba. cnebebze muSaobis 27 ori saSualeba arsebobs: cnebebis ierarqiis Seqmna maTi saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT _ rac argumentebis dalagebaSi dagvexmareba; sakvanZo cnebidan konkretuli argumentebis Camoyalibeba, aseve semantikur da msgavs argumentebze gadasvla. qvemoT, magaliTebTan erTad, sxvadasxva tipis argumentebia aRwerili. II. argumentebis Seqmna debatebis dawyebamde, ar iqneba urigo, moswavleebi CavrToT TamaSSi, romelic maT sxvadasxva tipis argumentebis CamoyalibebaSi daexmareba. aRniSnuli tipis savarjiSoebi maT miscems saSualebas argumentebis raodenoba gazardon. moswavleebi SeZleben miaRwion argumentebis damatebiT sferoebs, romlebic ar aris aSkara da maTi miRweva debatis momzadebis pirvel etapze SeuZlebelia. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi avtoritetuli argumenti Cndeba, rodesac CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxTan dakavSirebul arguments viyenebT: eqspertebis azrs, institucias, an normatiul teqsts (leqsikons, enciklopedias). saskolo cxovrebidan ganvixiloT aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis magaliTi: 28 polonurSi yovelTvis ismeba mZime damokidebuli winadadebis win, rasac polonuri enis leqsikoni gvavaldebulebs da xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom damokidebuli winadadeba yovelTvis mZimiT unda iyos gamoyofili. rodesac vismenT avtoritetul arguments, yovelTvis unda davfiqrdeT: aris Tu ara is zustad gadmotanili; aris Tu ara avtoriteti eqsperti; aris Tu ara, eqspertis azri sxva eqspertebisgan sadaod miCneuli; aris Tu ara gamoTqmuli mosazreba miukerZoebeli. sazogadoebrivi mosazrebis argumentebi _ sazogadoebis, Tanamegobrobis, an, zogadad, yvela Cvenganis xedvas da mosazrebas eyrdnoba. argumenti sakmaod Zlieri iqneba, Tu yoveldRiuri cxovrebis eTikas, wesebs, kulturas da mocemuli jgufis Sexedulebebs exeba. saskolo cxovrebidan aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis magaliTi ganvixiloT: nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi TiToeuli moswavle dameTanxmeba, rom pirveladi daxmarebis gawevis wesebTan dakavSirebiT (viyenebT pirveladi daxmarebis erT-erT plakats), am SemTxvevaSi, wesebs varRvevT, radgan masalis raodenoba, romelic Cven unda SeviswavloT, zrdasruli adamianis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. amgvari argumentis analizi unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom yvelas kompetencia zogjer saeWvoa. am tipis arguments, sazogadoebis azris cvlilebidan gamomdinare, droebiTi xasiaTi gaaCnia. zogierTi mosazrebis gavrcelebas damt- 29 kiceba unda. semantikuri argumentebi _ im SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba, rodesac Cveni naTqvami, tradiciuli gagebiT, cnebis, an sityvis xazgasmiT gvsurs gavaZlieroT. saskolo cxovrebidan sainteresoa qvemoT aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis magaliTi: ras niSnavs „aqtiuri~ moswavle? aqtiurobaSi igulisxmeba saqmianoba, davalebebis arCevis SesaZlebloba da ara raRacis aqtiurad mosmena, imisda miuxedavad, rom SesaZlebelia danarCenebisTvis iyos saintereso. ganvxiloT ramdenime sakiTxi, romliTac SevZlebT aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis uaryofas: arsebuli enobrovi erTeulebis konstruqcia da maTi mniSvneloba; SesaZlo gonivruli cvlilebebi; nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi terminologiis gamoyenebis SesaZlo uaryofiTi Sedegebi; mowinaaRmdegisgan gamoyenebuli terminologiis gamousadegaroba. semantikur-qveteqstur argumentebs debatebze sityviT gamosvlisas yvelaze xSirad viyenebT, rodesac gvsurs oponentisgan gamoTqmuli raime cnebis gakritikeba, an misi eWvis qveS dayeneba. saskolo cxovrebidan aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis 30 magaliTs gTavazobT: unda gamoviCinoT tolerantoba, im moswavleebis mimarT, romlebic skolis wesebs arRveven. tolerantoba gansxvavebulobis pativiscemas gulisxobs. amave dros, SegviZlia pativi mivagoT im adamianebs, romlebic mniSvnelovan sazogadebriv uflebebs xelyofen. argumentebis analogia _ im SemTxvevebSi gamoiyeneba, rodesac movlenebis, adamianebis da situaciebis msgavsebaa TvalsaCino. saskolo cxovrebidan aRniSnuli tipis argumentebis magaliTi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: warmatebis misaRwevad, kamaTis dros, sakmarisi ar aris niWis qona _ saWiroa yoveldRiuri, mravalsaaTiani varjiSi. im adamianebis pozicia gaugebaria, romlebic amtkiceben, rom literaturaSi niWiT dajildoebulma moswavlem, sxvebis msgavsad, ar unda weros esseebi. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi aRniSnuli da momdevno argumentebis gamokvleva Semdeg sakiTxebze unda koncentrirdes: analogiebis Camoyalibebis SesaZlebloba; arsebiTi msgavseba; simetriis rRvevisTvis arsebiTi gansxvavebebis ar arseboba; Tanabrobis wesis dasabuTeba. Tanabrobis wesze dafuZnebuli argumentebi vlindeba maSin, rodesac zogierT movlenaze arsebuli wesebis 31 gavrceleba gvsurs, agreTve, pirebze da situaciebze, romlebsac gamoviyenebT meore, amgvari msgavsi SemTxvevis dros. Tanabrobis wesi eyrdnoba gonivrul postulats, Tu romelime sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Sesabamisi midgoma gagvaCnia. samarTliani iqneba, igive midgoma gamoviyenoT sxva analogiur SemTxvevaSi. ganvixiloT am tipis argumentebis magaliTi saskolo cxovrebidan: aravis gaaCnia pretenzia maswavleblis mimarT, romelic gakveTilze xmovan taimers iyenebs. amitom, gaugebaria, ratom arTmeven moswavleebs mobilur telefonebs, Tu mas SemTxveviT daurekaven. ganvixiliT im SemTxvevebis magaliTebi, rodesac gveZleva saSualeba monawileoba miviRoT debatebis ganxilvebSi: nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi III. debatebis martivi xerxebi III. 1 akvariumi erT klasSi moswavleebs surdaT qcevis Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb diskusia gaemarTaT. fiqrobdnen, Tu rogor CaetarebinaT diskusia, rom azris gamoTqmis saSualeba yvelas miscemoda da vinmes saubris dominireba ar momxdariyo. SeTanxmdnen, rom akvariumis meTodiT imuSavebdnen. klasis oTaxis SuaSi oTxi skami dadges. sityviT ga32 moslis saSualeba mxolod im moswavleebs hqondaT, romlebic am skamebze isxdnen. danarCenma moswavleebma diskusiaSi CarTuli moswavleebis irgliv didi wre gaakeTes. oTx skams Soris „Tevzebi“ ganaTavses, anu furclebi, romlebzec sadiskusio kiTxvebi iyo CamoTvlili: `qcevis Sefasebaze unda iqonios Tu ara gavlena warmatebulma swavlam~; „skolis gareT sazogadoebriv muSaobaSi CarTuloba unda iyos Tu ara sanimuSo Sefasebis piroba?“. rodesac sadiskusio Tema amoiwura, sxva naklebad mniSvnelovan Temaze gadavidnen. debatebis dros wreSi myofi mosaubrebi icvlebian. yvelaferi martivi wesis Sesabamisad sruldeba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac vinmes surs diskusiaSi CarTva, erT-erT debatebSi monawiles uaxlovdeba da mxarze xelis SexebiT debatebSi monawileobis survils aniSnebs. amgvari niSnis micemiT, jgufis meTvalyure erTveba diskusiaSi da is pirovneba, visac mxarze Seexnen, valdebulia adgili dauTmos. ra Tqma unda, imis SesaZleblobaa, rom is monawile, romelic ukve monawileobda diskusiaSi, xelaxla daubrundes wevrebs. erT-erTma moswavlem aRniSna, rom es erTaderTi sanawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi Sualebaa, rom ianekma, drodadro, vinmes xmis amoRebis saSualeba misces, xolo ana da anteki, romlebic Zalian Wkvianebi da moridebulni arian, jgufs mosazrebebiT daexmaron. III. 2 oqsfordis debatebi oqsfordis debatebs erT-erT gimnaziaSi, saerTo referendumis saSualebiT gauwies organizeba. xmis micemisas gadawyvites miemarTaT skolis sasamarTlosTvis, radgan aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, rogorc moswavleebs, aseve maswavleblebs Soris kamaTi Sedga. 33 _ oqsfordis debats gaaCnia upiratesoba, romelic mowesrigebuli wesiT orive mxarisgan warmodgenil pozicias iTvaliswinebs. auditorias saSualeba aqvs orive mxaris pozicias gaecnos. debatebi diskusiisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom mxareebi ar cdiloben erTmaneTis gadmobirebas, aramed imgvarad axdenen Tavisi poziciis prezentacias, rom auditoris erTi an meore mxaris poziciaze gadasvla gaxdes SesaZlebeli. SearCies ori xuTkaciani jgufi. erTi maTgani icavs mosazrebas, rom „skolis sasamarTlo unda dakompleqtdes moswavleTagan da maswavleblebisgan“, xolo meore aRniSnul mosazrebas ewinaaRmdegeba. TiToeuli jgufis wevrebs konkretuli amocana hqondaT. jgufis pirveli wevri mosazrebas ganmartavs da argumentebis gegmas waradgens, meore da mesame wevri uSualod argumentis prezentacias axorcielebs, xolo meoTxe da mexuTe _ oponentebis argumentebs abaTilebs. mxareTa warmomadgenlebi debatebze erTmaneTis monacvleobiT gamodian. TiToeul momxsenebels mkacrad reglamentirebuli dro gaaCnda, romlis darRvevis uflebac ar aqvs. gamosvla samwuTiani iyo. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi _ aravin Semawyvetinebs? _ ikiTxa erT-erTma monawilem. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu TviTon isurveb. sityviT gamosvlisas mowinaaRmdgeebs SeuZliaT kiTxvebis, an SeniSvnebis gamoTqma. marjvena xelis aweviT da xmamaRla gamoZaxiliT „SekiTxvaa!“ an „SeniSvnaa!“. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gsurT oponentis mosmena, Tanxmobis niSnad eubnebiT „gTxovT“, an SegiZliaT madloba gadauxadoT da Tqveni gamosvla gaagrZeloT _ debatebis gamarTvaSi ufro gamocdilma megobarma amgvarad axsna: _ Rirs SekiTxvebze da SeniSvnebze yuradrebis gamaxvi34 leba? _ saerTod, diax, radgan debatebi ufro sainteresos xdis, Tanac, sjobs upasuxo oponents, vidre mxolod Seni mtkicebulebebis ganadgurebas usmino. meore mxriv, Tqvens davalebas msmenelTa Tqvens mxareze gadmobireba warmoadgens, im SemTxvevSi, rodesac gamosvlisTvis gankuTvnil dros pasuxebis gacemaSi daxarjavT da ver SeZlebT Tqveni poziciis gadmocemas, oponents girCevT misceT SekiTxvis dasmis saSualeba maSin, rodesac is Tqveni gamosvlis Sinaarsobriv mniSvnelobas ar wyvets. debatebs uZRveboda Tavmjdomare, gamosvlisTvis gamoyofil droze pasuxismgebloba TanaSemwem aiRo. debatebSi monawileebi erTmaneTs pativiscemiT moixseneben da krZalviT mimarTaven. III. 3 eqspertebis paneli erT-erT teqnikumSi internetuli gverdis marTva moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas gadaeca. male aRmoCnda, rom saskolo forumis moderatorebis aqtivoba kamaTs (ukmayofilebas) iwvevda. oponentebis erT nawils miaCnda, rom isini sakmaod liberalurebi iyvnen, xolo meore nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi nawili sakmaod mkacrad miiCnevda cenzuras. moswavleebi gamodiodnen sadiskusio panelis iniciativiT, imisTvis, rom redaqtorTa sazRvrebi ganexilaT da daedginaT. amgvari tipis diskuiisTvis iwveven sxvadasxva azris mqone ramdenime pirs, romlebisTvisac problema ucxo araa. teqnikumSi sadiskusio paneli Sedgeboda iuristisgan, fsiqologisgan, Jurnalistisgan, eTikis maswavleblisgan da erT-erTi moswavlisgan, romlebic internetiT sargeblobdnen. TiToeulis gamosvla grZeldeboda da ar aRemateboda xuT wuTs, rasac moderatori aregulirebda. skolis TviTmmarTvelobis Tavmjdomarem winaswar icoda 35 gamosvlebis Sinaarsi da gamosvlebis azrobrivad dalagebaze zrunavda (moderators gamomsvlelisTvis saWiro drois gazrda TxuTmet wuTamde SeuZlia, Tu mas miaCia, rom gamosvla sainteresoa auditoriisTvis da gamomsvlelTa raodenoba sams ar aRemateba). gamosvlebis dasrulebis Semdeg, auditoriis sazogadoeba gamomsvlelebis komentirebas awarmoebs. msmenelebi im sakiTxebs CaekiTxebian, romlebic maTTvis ar iyo gasagebi, akritikeben, an momxseneblebis gamosvlas icaven. moderators SeuZlia gamomsvlels misces sityva, an gamosvla Seawyvetinos, Tu miiCnevs, rom gamomsvlelma sakiTxs gadauxvia, xelovnurad agrZelebs saubars, an qebazea gadasuli. Sexvedris dasasruls, sityviT kidev erTxel gamodian panelis monawileebi da auditoriis azrs ecnobian, Tu maT gamosvlis mimdinareobis dros ar gaaCndaT misi saSualeba. Semdeg sakuTari poziciis mokled Sejameba xdeba. Sexvedris dasrulebisas, moderatori, agreTve, Sexvedras ajamebs, magram Tavs ikavebs Sefasebebidan, Tu romeli mxare iyo marTali da romeli _ ara. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi III. 4 sokrates diskusia Cven yuradRebiT unda movepyroT mimdinare wlis skolis Sefasebis Sida sistemas da SeniSvnebi maswavleblebs gavacnoT. skolis TviTmmarTvelobis erTerTma wevrma SemogvTavaza _ TiToeul klasSi saubari „sokrates diskusis“ modeliT wargvemarTa. Tavs varidebT imgvar SekiTxvebs, romlebze pasuxicaa „diax, an ara“. vkiTxulobT ufro Riad: „ras gulisxmobT pozitiur ukuinformaciaSi?“, „ra Sedegebi moyveba amaTuim gadawyvetilebas?“, an „ra saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli 36 skolis Sefasebis Sida sistemaSi moswavlis uflebebis realizeba?~. diskusiis dasawyebad virCevT kiTxvebs, sxva kiTxvebi warmoiSveba Tavad diskusiis msvlelobis dros. kiTxvebis CaZiebis saSualebiT gagvimartivdeba sxvadasxva azris kritikuli ganxilva, gadawyvetilebis gaazreba da ganmarteba. sasurvelia, Sexvedris msvlelobisas vinmem moiniSnos kiTxvebi, rom ar daikargos saintereso kiTxva da SemdgomSi „rigiTobis mixedviT“ davalagoT. _ vamzadebT sawyiss... _ cudad ar JRers, magram ras niSnavs? _ ikiTxa Tavmjdomarem. _ es saubaria, romelic raime masalazea koncentrirebuli da yvelasTvisaa cnobili. SesaZlebelia es iyos filmi, statia, an skolis sabuTi. ise vsxdebiT, rom saubris dros yvela erTmaneTs xedavdes da, upirveles yovlisa, vsvamT kiTxvas. _ riT gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi saubrisgan? _ arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom erTmaneTs, teqstTan dakavSirebiT, kiTxvebs yvelasTvis vusvamT. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi III. 5 sajaro ganxilva erT-erT saSualo skolaSi maswavlebelTa sabWom maswavlebelTa Sefasebis wes-kriteriumebi SemoiRo, romlebic Sesabamisi kanonidan gamomdinareobdnen, magram maswavleblebma gadawyvites sxvadasxva moTxovnebis damatebac, rac skolis sabWos danarCen wevrebTan SeaTanxmes. proeqti momzadebisTanave skolis TviTmmarTvelobis kuratorma maswavlebelTa sabWos warudgina. mosazreba _ moswavleTa sajaro ganxilvis ganacxadi ganixiles, romelic poloneTis respublikis gankargulebebs moicavda. _ vin, Tu ara Cveni moswavleebi, dagvexmarebian kargi 37 maswavleblis daxasiaTebaSi? _ ikiTxa direqtorma da momzadeba daiwyo. sajaro ganxilvaSi, romelic sazogadoebis interesis sagans exeba _ gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organoebi monawileoben. ganxilva momdevno maswavlebelTa sabWos sxdomis dros Catarda. mis Catarebamde, skolis internetgverdze gamoqveynda Sefasebis wesis proeqti da, agreTve, sia romelSic Caweris SesaZlebloba gaaCnia sityviT gamosvlis yvela msurvels. moderatorma _ TviTmmarTvelobis kuratorma sajaro ganxilva gaxsna da damswreebs muSaobis wesebi SesTavaza. daadgines, rom gamosvla ar unda aRematebodes xuT wuTs, momxseneblebi sakuTari saxeliT gamovlen da rom erTmaneTis mimarT pativiscemiT iqnebian ganwyobilni, rom maTi gamosvlis Sewyvetis ufleba mxolod moderators gaaCnia. xazgasmiT aRiniSna gamomsvlelTa Tanabari uflebebi da gamosvlebis gamWvirvaloba (es mniSvnelovania, radgan zogjer, raime problemasTan dakavSirebiT, ismis marginaluri mosazreba). yvela daeTanxma, rom TanaSemwisgan Canawerebis ganxorcielebis garda, momxseneblebis gamosvlebis Cawerac momxdariyo, raTa oqmSi, raime mniSnawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi vnelovani mosazreba ar dakarguliyo. mokle misasalmebeli sityviT gamovida direqtori, romelmac iuridiuli safuZvlebi da maswavlebelTa proeqtis Sinaarsi warmoadgina. Semdgom, winaswar Cawerili mimdevrobis mixedviT, moswavleebi sityviT gamovidnen. mosmenis Semdeg, direqtorma yvela monawiles madloba gadauxada. moderatorma TanaSemwis daxmarebiT mosmenis oqmi da saavtoro gancxadebebi moamzada, rac saboloo gankargulebis miRebisas maswavlebelTa sabWom gaiTvaliswina. skolis internetgverdze TviTmmarTvelobis ku38 ratorma statia ganaTavsa, romelSic ganmarta, Tu romeli moswavlis SeniSvnebs gaiTvaliswineben da ratom? IV. farTo diskusiis warmarTvis saSualebebi (ganxilva) farTo diskusiis warmarTvis xerxi, romlis ganmartebac qvemodaa moyvanili, ufro rTuli da Sromatevadia, samagierod, skolis mesveurni advilad erTvebian am xerxSi, rasac konkretuli davalebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis miReba moyveba. mokled rom vTqvaT, es ufro metia, vidre dikusiis forma, rac diskusiis saSualebiT erToblivi gadawyvetilebis miRebis formas warmoadgens (e. i. ganxilvis demokratiuli formaa). IV. 1 samoqalaqo skami (adgili) erT-erT skolaSi axali saTamaSo moednis proeqtTan dakavSirebiT emociuri diskusia gaimarTa. saubari skolasTan arsebuli teritoriis saCogburTe kortad gadakeTebas exeboda (aRniSnul teritoriaze darguli xeebi da ramdenime skami iyo ganTavsebuli). Tavis mxriv, misi gaqiraveba skolas damatebiT Semosavals moutanda. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi amgvarad, sasworis erT mxaresaa klimati da adgili, xolo meore mxares Tanamedrove CogburTis korti, romelsac skolisTvis Semosavali moaqvs. skolis TviTmmarTvelobam direqcias samoqalaqo skamis organizebaSi daxmareba sTxova. samoqalaqo skami 15-20 pirisgan Semdgar jgufs warmoadgens, romelic problemis gadaWris mizniT, mTliani sazogadoebis, an misi erTi nawilis saxeliT gamodis. skolam oTxi skami gamoyo (TiToeuli TxuTmeti pirovnebisTvis): moswavleTa, mSobelTa, maswavlebelTa da adgilobriv mewarmeTa skamebi. oTxives warmomadgenlebi 39 gimnaziis darbazSi dasxdnen oTx magidasTan da mosazrebebi moismines. sakuTari mosazrebebi mokled gamoTqva skolis direqtorma, firmis mesakuTrem, romelsac unda aeSenebina kortebi, adgilobrivi gazeTis Jurnalistma da raionis municipalitetis urbanizatorma (urbanizaciaze pasuxismgebeli piri). gamosvlebis Semdeg skamze msxdom pirebs momxseneblebisTvis kiTxvebis dasmis SesaZlebloba miecaT. process akvirdeboda Sekrebili auditoria. kiTxvebis dasmis Semdeg, oTxive magidasTan myofebma mosazrebebis ganxilva daiwyes. maTi muSaobis Sedegs warmoadgenda miRebuli daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi, xolo mSoblebis da biznesmenebis jgufebis mxridan, konkretuli qmedebebis deklarireba. mSoblebma moiwones kortebis aSenebis koncefcia da gamoTqves mzadyofna skolis ezoSi, SexvedrebisTvis „Zveli skamebis“ msgavsi axali adgilis keTilmowyobaSi. biznesmenebis jgufma moswavleebs skolisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlis miRebis ramdenime saSualeba SesTavaza. samoqalaqo skamis sxdomas eswrebodnen raionis municipalitetis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic damswreebs dapirdnen, rom moqalaqeebis azris gaTvaliswinebiT, kviris nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi ganmavlobaSi, Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas warmoadgendnen. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis Tavmjdomarem, adgilobriv radioSi sityviT gamosvlisas, aRniSna: „ar vici, ra gadawyvetilebas miiRebs municipaliteti, magram moxaruli var, rom yvelas mieca saSualeba moesmina argumentebi, gaego sxvadasxva dainteresebuli jgufis poziciebi da samoqalaqo skamze myofi pirebis mzadyofna skolisTvis daxmarebis gawevis saqmeSi“. IV. 2 alternatiuli Sejibri (multikriteriuli analizi) 40 erT-erTi skolis TviTmmarTvelobam 5000 zloti (polonuri fuli) miiRo da skolis moswavleebTan diskusiis saSualebiT scada gadaewyvitaT, Tu raze daexarjaT aRniSnuli Tanxa. SeTaxmdnen alternatiuli Sejibris (multikriteriuli analizis) Catarebaze. Tavdapirvelad moswavleebs SeTavazebebis mofiqreba sTxoves. kviris ganmavlobaSi mosazrebebis yuTs avsebdnen. meore nabijs TiToeul klasSi alternatiul koncefciebs Soris diskusiebis kriteriumebis arCeva warmoadgenda. am diskusiis moderatorebi yuradRebas aqcevdnen, rom yofiliyo kriteriumebi da ara konkretuli mosazrebebi. klasis warmomadgenlebma eqspertTa paneli Seqmnes da erT saerTo siaSi klasebis mier SemoTavazebuli kriteriumebi Caweres. siaSi xuTi kriteriumi iyo da TiToeul kriteriums 1-dan da 5 qulamde eniWeboda (magaliTad: mosazrebis realizaciiT SeviZenT aRWurvilobas, romelsac didxans gamoviyenebT, 5 qula mieniWa, xolo kriteriumebs: „mosazrebis realizaciiT masSi skolis moswavleTa naxevari CaerTveba“ _ 4 qula mieniWa). kriteriumebis gansazRvris Semdeg klasebma kidev erTxel waradgines wamomadgenlebi, maT ki eqspertTa meore paneli Seqmnes. warmomadnawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi genlebi ar monawileobdnen kriteriumebis SemuSavebaSi. meore panelis eqspertebi TiToeul mosazrebas, proeqtis pirobebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi qulas aniWebdnen. bolos gancxadebas gaakeTebdnen alternativebis rigiTobis Sesaxeb, gamoavlendnen gamarjvebuli proeqtis koncefcias da miniWebuli qulebiT Seafasebdnen. IV. 3 ganxilvis gamokiTxva erT-erT skolas maswavlebelTa sabWom bunebis metyvelebis sagnis swavlebis saavtoro programis SemoReba SesTavaza. TviTmmarTvelobis samuSaoebis xelmZRvanelebma 41 ianekma da malgoJatam aRniSnes, rom urigo ar iqneboda, Tu am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT moswavleebic SeZlebdnen sakuTari azris gamoTqmas. „sabolood, Cven vasrulebT aRniSnul programas“. biologiis maswavlebelma ikiTxa: „Tu rogor apirebdnen programaze diskusiis gamarTvas, rodesac ver erkveodnen didaqtikaSi da biologiis saSualo codna gaaCndaT?“ _ moswavleebi daeTanxmnen mas. SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom moswavleebma monawileoba miiRon meritoriulad Zalian rTul sakiTxebze gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi? amavdroulad malgoJatam ganxilvis gamokiTxva SesTavaza. dainteresebuli moswavleebi1 (mogvmarTa 31-ma moswavlem) programas gaecnen da damoukideblad Sevsebuli anketis saSualebiT mosazrebebi gamoTqves. anketebis gacnobisas, biologiis maswavleblis SiSi dadasturda. 1 ganxilvis gamokiTxvaSi monawile moswavleebis arCevisas yu- radReba unda gamaxvildes yvela arsebuli jgufis, orive sqesis da sxvadasxva mosazrebis da dainteresebis mqone warmomadgenlebis monawileobaze (vinaidan am damaxasiaTebelzea damokidebuli moswavleTa gamokvlevis mizani). nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi SemdgomSi skolis da skolis garedan mowveul eqspertebTan Sexvedris dros maT kiTxvebs vusvamT. eqspertebis rolSi gamovidnen bunebis metyvelebis maswavleblebi, ori mSobeli, romlebsac bunebis metyvelebaSi hqondaT miRebuli ganaTleba da eqsperti maswavlebelTa srulyofis centridan. moswavleTa jgufSi imsjeles miwodebuli informaciis Sesaxeb da eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT daukavSirdnen eqspertebs da maTTvis zogierTi sakiTxis ganmarteba sTxoves. Semdeg moswavleebi isev Seikribnen da mzad iyvnen procedurebis 42 iqamde gameorebisTvis, sanam kiTxvebi da eWvebi eqnebodaT. maTi diskusia ar gulisxmobda mosazrebis SeTanxmebas _ moswavleebs ubralod ufro meti informaciis miReba surdaT. informirebis procesis dasrulebisas da moswavleTa diskusiis Catarebisas, maT xelmeored mouwevT proeqtis Sesafaseblad anketis damoukideblad Sevseba. maswavlebelTa jgufi anketebs gaecno. bunebis metyvelebis maswavleblebs analitikosebma Semdegi rekomendaciebi misces: a) samuSao davalebebis dagegmili sistemis Secvla, romelic konsultaciebamde da konsultaciis Semdgom ar moewonaT moswavleebs; b) moswavleebisTvis sagnebis Sinaarsis dawvrilebiT ganmarteba, romlis gagebac SesaZlebelia mxolod konsultantebis daxmarebiT; d) saaTebis gazrda im TemebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic moswavleebma SesTavazes. mosazreba anketebidan daibada, rodesac maswavlebelTa srulyofis centridan moswavleebs Seatyobines, misi cvlilebis SesaZleblobaze. biologiis maswavleblis skepticizmis miuxedavad, rekomendaciebi gaiTvaliswines da cvlilebebi Seitanes. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi IV. 4 ideebis kafe (WORLD CAFÉ) erT-erT skolaSi maswavleblebma moswavleebs, skolis sazeimo morTulobasTan dakavSirebiT, gadawyvetilebis miReba SesTavazes: „xelebi gaqvT gaxsnili“. SarSanac igive iyo naTqvami, magram damTavrda ise, rogorc damTavrda. jer moswavleebma iCxubes, mere ki maswavleblebma ise Secvales proeqti, rom is moswavleTa jgufs, romlebsac SemorCenili hqondaT proeqtSi CarTulobis gancda, aRar gaaCndaT misi realizaciis survili. aris Tu ara SesaZle43 beli, rom moswavleTa did jgufSi SemuSavdes proeqti, romelSic SemdgomSi yvelas moundeba monawileobis miReba? socialuri kvlevis maswavlebelma SesTavaza ideebis kafes arCeva anu World Café. „es meTodi saSualebas iZleva ukeT, gaverkveT xedvaSi, Tavidan aviciloT dapirispireba, gavaerTianoT sxvadasxva idea da gegma“. sanam daviwyebdiT diskusias, movamzadeT kafe. sportis darbazSi davdgiT ramdenime magida (magidebis raodenoba gamomdinareobs moswavleTa raodenobidan, erT magidasTan 5-6 piri zis). TiToeul magidaze davawyeT didi zomis qaRaldis furclebi (flipCartebi), flomasterebi da fanqrebi. myudro atmosferos Sesaqmnelad, Termosebi da orcxobilebi movimarageT. moswavleebi magidasTan dasxdnen. Sexvedris wamyvanma, TviTmmarTvelobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilem _ martam, moswavleebs muSaobis wesebi gaacno: „saubrebi warimarTeba etapebad _ TiToeuli oci wuTis xangrZlivobiT. etapis dawyebamde daismeba erTi kiTxva, romelsac oci wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda gaeces pasuxi. momdevno kiTxva dakavSirebuli iqneba Cveni Temis ganviTarebasTan. TiToeuli azri daxateT, an dawereT qaRaldis furcelze (flipCarnawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi tebze) „sufraze“, romlebsac xedavT Tqvens magidaze. muSaobis damTavrebisas dafiqrdiT, Tu Canawerebidan ra aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani, xazi gausviT mas, an CawereT stikerebze (TiTo mosazreba _ erT stikerze) _ da „sufraze“ miamagreT. TiTo magidasTan „maspinZlis“ rolSi erTi pirovneba unda darCes, magidis danarCeni wevrebi midian sxvadasxva magidasTan, rom moxdes jgufebis gadaadgileba. magidasTan mdgomi maspinZeli acnobs dainteresebul pirebs ZiriTad Temebs, romlebic stikerebzea CamoTvlili da 44 pasuxs scems kiTxvebze, romlebic sufraze dawerili mosazrebebidan gamomdinare ibadeba. „maspinZlebi“ cdiloben stumrebi, maTi magidis ideebze dayrdnobiT, maT mosazrebis ganviTarebaSi CarTon. amgvarad xdeba ideebis gacvla da gacnoba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sufrazea naxati, ganavrceT igi. ar aris savaldebulo mxolod weris,áan xatvis arCeva, sufraze orive daeteva. mniSvnelovania, rom ganaviTaroT „memkvidreobiTi ideebi“ da ar moaxdinoT maTi morgeba wina ideebTan. Tqveni koncefciebis Sesaxeb sxvebi izruneben. ar aris savaldebulo erTi da igive maspinZeli erT etapze meti droiT darCes magidasTan. vis SeuZlia gamovides am rolSi. mniSvnelovania, rom gundebs Soris arsebobdes kavSiri, raTa gundis yvela wevrs (ara mxolod saukeTesos, an yvelaze sust wevrs) mieces gamoTqmis saSualeba imisTvis, rom ganvaviTaroT Cvens mier gamoTqmuli idea. bolo jgufi warmogvidgens kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemisas maTi magidasTan muSaobis saboloo efeqts. CamoTvlili SemoTavazebebidan amoirCeva is, romelic yvelaze metad mogvewoneba da saidanac momdevno etapis sakiTxebi yalibdeba: nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi 1. ra Temebze/motivebze/simboloebze unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba? 2. iqneba Tu ara skola mTlianad morTuli erTi ideis mixedviT, Tu skolis sxvadasxva adgili iqneba sxvadasxva ideis mixedviT morTuli, ra adgilebi iqneba da ra morTuloba eqneba maT? 3. ra deviziT SeirCeva, konkretulad, ras vakeTebT? IV. 5 Ria sivrce (OPEN SPACE) debatebi _ debatebad, magram, arsebobs raRac, rasac 45 Cven ver gadavlaxavT. pirveli _ debatebSi monawileobas iRebs moswavleTa SezRuduli raodenoba, meore _ Temebis arCevisas, yovelTvis darCeba ukmayofiloTa jgufi, romlebsac sxva Temebis ganxilva surdaT, mesame _ rogori sainteresoc ar unda iyos Sexvedra kuluarebSi, saubrebi ufro sainteresoa. ra gavakeToT, rom sxvadasxva Temaze gamarTuli diskusia gavrceldes skolaSi? _ sTqva, TviTmmarTvelobis erT-erTma ambiciurma Tavmjdomarem, romelsac mxolod masStaburi ideebi ainteresebda. misi moTxovnebis dakmayofileba SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes Ria sivrcis meTodis saSualebiT. organizebul Ria sivrceSi (Open Space) monawileobda 20dan 1000-mde piri. rogorc wesi, es meTodi Temebis da liderebis demokratiuli arCeviT da warmatebuli TviTorganizebuli jgufebis arsebobis magaliTebiT xasiaTdeba. yvelaferi, rac saWiroa Ria sivrcis meTodisTvis, yvela skolas gaaCnia: erTi didi darbazi da carieli kedeli, ramdenime aTeuli magida, sadac diskusia imarTeba da mravali adamiani ikribeba, romlebsac nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi surT am Temebis Sesaxeb saubari, vinaidan isini maTTvis mniSvnelovania. pirvel etaps vuwodebT bazars, sadac TiToeuls gaaCnia ufleba sadiskusioT Tema SesTavazos. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia SezRudvebis dawesebac (magaliTad: saubrebi skolis Sesaxeb). darbazis kedelze vkidebT did plakatebs (flipCartebs), romlebzec Temebis CamonaTvalia Camowerili. 46 maswavleblebis mier moyvanilia erT-erT Ria sivrcedan Catarebuli ramdenime sadiskusio Tema: rogor unda vimuSaoT moswavleTa unarebis koncentraciaze? rogor SevafasoT, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes moswavleTa swavlis motivaciis gaZliereba? ra xerxiT mivceT saSinao davaleba, rom moswavleebma iqonion misi Sesrulebis survili? rogor SeuZliaT mSoblebs Svilebs gakveTilebis momzadebaSi daexmaron? ra gavakeToT imisTvis, rom moswavleebma gaimeoron ganvlili masala, rac maT mis aTvisebaSi daexmareba? (rogor aviciloT xerxi „dazepireba-CaTvla-daviwyeba?“) rogor gavigoT, rom moswavleebi mecadineobisas iTviseben masalas? romeli megobruli meTodebis gamoyenebiT, SevZlebT moswavleebSi swavlis procesis danergvas? rogor ganvaxorcieloT klasSi maswavleblis muSaobis organizeba ise, rom individualuri miznebis realiazacia moxdes da ara moswavlis drosTan konkurencia? nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi meore etapi arCeuli Temebis diskusiiT iwyeba. romelime TemiT dainteresebulebi iwyeben diskusias (Tqven ar unda aiRoT pasuxismgebloba im Temaze, romelic maT airCies), Temis dasaxelebas xmamaRla kiTxuloben da TemiT dainteresebul pirebs moizidaven. erTad midian sadiskusio magidasTan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu jgufi aRemateba 10-12 pirovnebas, igi ramdenime jgufad iyofa, romlebic damoukideblad gaaanalizeben amorCeul TemasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. informacia, Tu sad da ra Temis Sesaxeb imarTeba diskusia, calke plakatze ganTavsdeba, rac axal wevrebs 47 maTTvis saintereso gundTan mierTebaSi daexmareba. arCeuli TemebiT monawileebis magidebTan ganTavseba ar gamoricxavs moswavleTa SesaZlo gadaadgilebas. fundamenturad Ria sivrces (Open Space-s) gaaCnia `Sewyvetis ori ufleba~, rac niSnavs, rom nebismier dros arsebobs jgufis datovebis da sxva jgufSi gadasvlis SesaZlebloba, im SemTxvevebSi: Tu Tavdapirvelad arCeuli jgufi aRaraa saintereso; mniSvnelovani sakiTxi ukve ganxilulia da Sesabamisi CaniSvnebicaa gakeTebuli; arsebobs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Tema. `Sewyvetis ori ufleba~ ar vrceldeba TanaSemweebze, romlebic jgufebma airCies da Sesabamis Canawerebs akeTeben. 30 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg, TanaSemweebi mniSvnelovan mosazrebebs Camoweren plakatze. TanaSemwe, an jgufis sxva warmomadgenlebi SemdgomSi aRniSnul mosazrebebs gamoitanen forumze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu jgufs miaCnia, rom is, rac ainteresebdaT, ukve gamoxates da msjeloba 30 wuTze adre daamTavres, SeuZliaT ufro adrec daiSalon. mesame etapi _ kvlav virCevT Temebs da vayalibebT jgufebs. SesaZlebelia iseTi Temebis ganxilvac, romelic nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi adre ar iyo ganxiluli, an ganixileboda, magram sxva SemadgenlobiT. dainteresebulTa meore jgufis monaxvis SemTxvevaSi, meore etapSi aRwerili aqtivoba meordeba. etapebis raodeba arsebuli droidan da gansaxilveli Temebis raodenobidan gamomdinare ganisazRveba. arsebobs ramdenimedRiani Ria sivrce, magram skolis pirobebSi savsebiT optimaluria 2-3-raundiani etapi. jgufebSi muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela monawile xelaxla ikribeba. debatebis Sedegad warmoSobili plakatebi kedelze ikideba da maTi gacnobis saSualeba 48 yvelas eZleva. jgufis yvela warmomadgeneli diskusiis Sedegebis mokle prezentacias axdens. Sedegebis prezentaciiT ar mTavrdeba procesi, mas moyveba ganmarteba. TiToeuli monawile or kiTxvas pasuxobs: Tu CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan, ra iyo yvelaze STamagonebeli da ris gakeTebas apireben aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT? am ganmartebebidan gamomdinare, monawileebi wyvilebad iyofian, sasurvelia dawyvileba im pirebTan, visTanac ar hqoniaT saubari. saubris Semdeg stikerebze CamoTvlian, Tu ris gakeTebas gegmaven maT problemasTan dakavSirebiT da anonimurad awebeben plakatebze. plakatebi da stikerebi, romlebzec CamoTvlilia, Tu ris gakeTebas gegmaven, ramdenime dRe unda ekidos kedelze, raTa yvelas mieces maTi gacnobis saSualeba. sasurvelia, rom igi gadaiweros im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu igegmeba Ria sivrcis farglebSi Semajamebeli Sexvedris gamarTva. rogorc wesi, ramdenime Tvis Semdeg Ria sivrcis monawileebi erTmaneTs xvdebian, rom ganmarton, Tu risi gakeTeba SeZles, risi gakeTeba ver ganxorcielda da ra iyo misi gamomwvevi mizezebi. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi IV. 6 warmatebaze aSeneba (APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY) mekiTxebiT, Tu rogor SevZeliT skolaSi pozitiuri cvlilebebis Setana, Cxubis, damnaSaveebis Ziebis, maswavleblebis imaSi dadanaSaulebiT, rom yovelTvis kmayofilebi arian moswavleebi, romlebsac araferi ar undaT diskomfortuli atmosferos arsebobis da mudmivi Cavardnebis gaanalizebis gareSe? keTili, gipasuxebT, radgan var warmatebuli TviTmmarTvelobis Tavmjdomare. zedmeti moridebis gareSe aRsaniSnavia, rom Cems mier aRweril meTodSi, morCileba winaaRmdegobad aRiqmeba. 49 cvlilebebi warmoadgens sirTules, Tu igi amoucnob momavals exeba da Tavzaris dacemis SegrZnebas giCenT. „warmatebaze aSenebisas“, viyenebT gamocdilebas warsulidan, raTa davgegmoT momavali. ar vakritikebT imas, rac ar gamogvivida da vaanalizebT mas, rac gamogvivida. vikvlevT, ratom mivaRwieT warmatebas, imisTvis, rom ufro met warmatebas mivaRwioT. amgvari tipis saqmianobas zegavlena motivaciaze gaaCnia: adamianebma, romlebmac masSi adre miiRes monawileoba, ician, Tu rogor da ra akeTon, maT gaaCniaT rwmena, rom SeZleben mis xelaxla gakeTebas. qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi naCvenebia, Tu riT gansxvavdeba problemebis gadawyveta warmatebebze aSenebisgan. problemebis gadawyveta skolis susti mxareebis identificireba sirTuleebis mizezebis gaanalizeba problemebis gadawyvetis gzebis Zieba mkurnalobis procesi, sisusteebis gamosworeba warmatebaze aSeneba Zlieri mxareebis aRwera vaanalizebT, Tu rogor gavzardoT warmateba xedva, Tu risi miRweva gvsurs inovaciebis danergva. arsebuli Zlieri mxareebis ganviTareba nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi warmatebaze aSenebaSi Cveni muSaoba Semdeg pirobebs eyrdnoboda: 1. SegviZlia warmosaxvis saSualebiT SevicvaloT; 2. gamosavlis Ziebis dros, iwyeba realobis Secvla; 3. rac ufro dawvrilebiT gavaanalizebT warmatebas, miT ufro Rrma cvlilebebi warmoiSveba; 50 4. Ria procesebSi, SesaZlebelia, interpretireba sxvadasxva xerxiT; 5. ar vuaryobT problemebs da sxvaobebs, ubralod, maTze ar vmuSaobT; 6. Tu vapirebT warmatebaze aSenebis meTodis gamoyenebas, igi zedmeti moridebis gareSe unda aRvweroT. warmatebaze aSenebis meTodiT muSaobisas gasavlelia Semdegi etapebi: 1. Temis dasaxeleba, magaliTad, moswavleebi gavlenas axdenen imaze, Tu rac skolaSi da klasSi xdeba; 2. aRmovaCenT da CamovTvliT im saqmianobebs da procesebs, romlebic yvelaze ukeTesad gamogvdis. vikribebiT jgufebSi. Temidan gamomdinare, monawileoben moswavleebi, maswavleblebi, zogjer mSoblebi da sxv., romlebic skolis cxovrebaSi arian CarTulni. upirvelesyovlisa, vixsenebT istorias: CvenTvis saintereso sferos situaciebs, rodesac mivaRwieT warmatebebs, an viyaviT misi mowmeebi. yvelaze metad ras vafasebT Cvens saqmianobaSi, nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi an pirad qcevaSi, rac dakavSirebulia problemis gaanalizebasTan? ra saqmianobam miaRwia yvelaze saukeTeso Sedegebs? ra aris CemSi gansxvavebuli, rac damexmareba am tipis saqmianobaSi? zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg vaxdenT Cveni istoriis gaanalizebas. vatarebT molaparakebebs da interviuebs: ra situaciisas SevZeliT imis gakeTeba, rac aRvwereT? ra tipis qcevam da Tvisebebma gamoiwvia igi; ra gvesaWiroeboda mis gasakeTeblad; am tipis saqmianobaSi ram mogvani- 51 Wa kmayofilebis SegrZneba? samSabaTs gaviyaviT jgufebad da gavixseneT is situaciebi, rodesac SevZeliT klasSi da skolaSi moswavleebis saqmianobaze gavlenis moxdena, razed saubrobdnen maswavleblebi, moswavlebi da aRmzrdelebi. plakatebi gakeTebuli iyo Semdegi pirobiT: erTi plakati _ erT warmatebaze. aRniSnul Sexvedraze gavaanalizeT da aRvwereT is Tvisebebi, romlebmac gavlena iqonia plakatze aRweril warmatebebze. oTxSabaTs erT-erTi klasis warmomadgenelma damatebiTi interviu aiRo plakatze momuSave monawileebisgan, rom aRwerili miRwevebis Sesaxeb meti informacia mieRoT. sxva klasis warmomadgenlebma gadaxedes skolis qronikas, internetuli gverdis arqivs, saskolo gazeTs, suraTebs. moipoves uamravi monacemi da moZiebuli informacia plakats miaweres. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi xedva, Tu risi miRweva gvsurs momavalSi 52 orSabaTs gakveTilebis Semdeg SevikribeT, rom yvelaze saukeTeso saqmianoba amogverCia, romelic aRwerili gvqonda. daviyaviT jgufebad da daviwyeT cvlilebebis Sesaxeb skolis xedvis ganxilva, romelSic SesaZlebeli iyo cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba. Cven ar gvadardebda is faqti, rom zogierTi xedva Zalian gadaWarbebuli iyo _ „Tu erTxel SevZeliT misi gakeTeba _ mis gakeTebas kidev erTxel SevZlebT“. detalurad vgegmavT im saqmianobas, romelic sasurvel Sedegamde migviyvans, rac adre Sesrulebul saqmianobas efuZneba. momdevno orSabaTs maswavleblebTan erTad Sereul jgufebSi vmuSaobdiT calkeul xedvaze, rac sakmaod mniSvnelovania, radgan gveZleva saSualeba SevaTanxmoT is saqmianoba, romelic dasaxul miznamde migviyvans. gamoviyeneT is gamocdileba, romelic pirveli etapis dros aRwerili iyo plakatebze. saqmianoba gavanawileT drois mixedviT da im pirebis (gundebis) miTiTebiT, romlebic pasuxismgeblebi iyvnen dasaxuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebaze. „ho da zustad warsulis nawerebisgan iqmneba momavali“, _ aRfrTovanebulma istoriis maswavlebelma Sexvedra ase Seajama. ganvaxorcieloT Cveni idea. amis gakeTebas daviwyebT bolo samSabaTidan. da es warmatebuli adamianis naambobiaa. scadeT, mesame cdaze namdvilad SeZlebT amis gakeTebas. nawili meore _ debatebi skolaSi
