ANNALES Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum - Annales UMCS

Transkrypt

10.2478/v10067-011-0017-1
ANNALES
U N I V E R S I TAT I S MAR IAE C U R I E - S K Ł O D O W S KA
LUBLIN – POLONIA
VOL. LXVI, 1
SECTIO C
2011
Halina Ratyńska, Renata Hoffmann, Barbara Waldon,
Ewa Wachowiak
Department of Botany, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz
Al. Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu
et Lericq 1957 – an unknown xerothermic grassland association
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957 – mało
znany zespół muraw kserotermicznych
SUMMARY
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae is a plant community, which is not well known
in Poland. The data published so far come from the Lower Silesia and Opole Silesia. Presented research aims at finding the association in other Polish regions, its characterization, comparison with
available data from our country and verification of syntaxonomic affinity.
In the south of Poland the patches of the association appear in natural rocky outcrops and quarries. Own materials come exclusively from the railways embankments and track-ways, which are
the equivalent of anthropogenic rocky ground. Phytocoenosis from Ziemia Lubuska, Wielkopolska
and Kujawy represents a specific, pioneer and ruderal character of the plant association. The floristic composition indicates the affilation to the Festuco-Brometea class. The characteristic species
of plant – Saxifraga tridactylites, is relatively rare in Poland, so the status of the plant community
is also rare.
Streszczenie
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae jest słabo poznanym zbiorowiskiem roślinnym
w Polsce. Publikowane dotychczas dane pochodzą głównie z Dolnego Śląska oraz Śląska Opolskiego. Celem prezentowanego opracowania było przedstawienie na mapie miejsc występowania
płatów zespołu na terenie Polski, jego charakterystyka, porównanie z dostępnymi danymi z terenu
naszego kraju oraz weryfikacja przynależności syntaksonomicznej. Na południu Polski, płaty zespołu pojawiają się na naturalnych i wtórnych siedliskach. Materiały własne pochodzą wyłącznie
z torowisk, które są antropogenicznym odpowiednikiem skalistego podłoża. Fitocenozy odnalezione
8
Halina Ratyńska, Renata Hoffmann, Barbara Waldon, Ewa Wachowiak
na Ziemi Lubuskiej, w Wielkopolsce i na Kujawach reprezentują specyficzną, wybitnie pionierską
i ruderalną postać zespołu. Skład gatunkowy wskazuje na przynależność do klasy Festuco-Brometea. Gatunek charakterystyczny i często wręcz dominujący w płatach – Saxifraga tridactylites
należy do stosunkowo rzadkich w naszym kraju, stąd zespół ma również status rzadkiego.
K e y w o r d s: xerothermic grasslands, Saxifraga tridactylites, anthropogenic habitats
S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: murawy kserotermiczne, Saxifraga tridactylites, antropogeniczne
siedliska zastępcze
Introduction
In general, xerothermic grasslands are associated with communities of more or less tall grasses
and colorful flowering perennials. These are natural or semi-natural associations, from a group of
rare and endangered, while well recognized in Poland plant habitats. The Saxifrago tridactylitaePoetum compressae association which represents pioneer and short grasslands that are shaped in
xerophytic habitats – both on rocks and anthropogenic habitats – is poorly known in Poland.
There are only few published researches containing phytosociological records taken in Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae in Poland (14, 19, 20). Data related to the association are
also presented by Brandes (1, 2), Hilbig and Reichhoff (6), Korneck (11, 12), Witty (22), as well
as Kluge (10) from Germany, Duchoslav (5) and Klimeš (9) from the Czech Republic, as well as
Jermacāne and Laiviņš (8) and Rüsina (18) from Lithuania.
Information on Saxifraga tridactylites and Poa compressa occurrence also come from Toruń
(4), Lower Silesia (21), and Cambridge (17). Świerkosz (20) presented the comparison of floristic
composition and the association’s diversity in Poland.
Presented research aims at finding the association in other Polish regions, its characterization,
comparison with available data from our country and verification of syntaxonomic affinity.
Material and methods
The paper includes 56 published phytosociological records taken by Świerkosz (18, 19) as well
as Nowak and Nowak (14) from Wrocław, Lower Silesia, and Opole Silesia. Own materials are composed of 25 records taken by means of the Braun-Blanquet’s method with Barkman’s modifications
in April and May 2011 in Ziemia Lubuska, Wielkopolska, and Bydgoszcz surroundings.
Syntaxonomy of the association and affinity of characteristic species is given after Ratyńska
et al. (16). Share of geographic-historical groups and living forms spectrum was analyzed (7), as
well as ecological indicator values (light and trophy value) were also taken into consideration (24).
Data of other authors and own ones (81 phytosociological records in total) were listed in a
form of synoptic table that allows to compare the patches of the association from various regions of
Poland and grown in different habitats. The data were subject to statistical analysis with a help of
MVSP software (13).
Results
The presence of Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae association
patches was confirmed in western and central Poland (Fig. 1), where the associa-
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957...
9
tion is shaped exclusively in secondary habitats, on permeable gravel or breakstone subsoil, on railway embankments, track-ways, or rarely used station platforms, in various types of a landscape: field, forest, and urbanized. Phytocenoses
develop in early spring (April/May). They are of remarkably pioneer character,
they are short – usually plant’s height does not exceed ten or so centimeters and
they are in general poorly dense. The herbal plants cover ranges from several to
about 45%, while that of moss layer, depending on succession phase, from 0 up to
90%. Average area of one patch is usually of several sq m. From 5 to 39 species
were recorded within them (23, on average), while 126 taxa in the whole table.
Fig. 1. Location of research patches of Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae
association in Poland (grey colour – own researches, dark grey – other)
Phytocenoses are very heterogenic and built of species from different classes
in phytosociological aspect (Table 1). The highest coverage coefficients are of
taxa from classes Festuco-Brometea, namely Saxifraga tridactylites, Arenaria
serpyllifolia, and Poa compressa, that also reach the highest degrees of stability.
Edificators of psammophilic grasslands from Koelerio-Corynephoretea class are
very numerous, among which the highest stability degrees characterize Sedum
acre and Ceratodon purpureus, whereas the largest coverage is reached by Ceras-
10
tium semidecandrum. Characteristic Artemisietea vulgaris and Stellarietea mediae were recorded most abundantly, although in general individually. Only some
representatives of the latter class are characterized by higher stability degrees.
Syntaxonomic formulation of the association is as follows:
Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943
Festucetalia valesiacae Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943
Alysso alyssoidis-Sedion albi Oberd. et Th. Müller in Th. Müller 1961
Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957
Analysis of geographic-historical groups spectrum reveals that indigenous
species definitely dominate in spots (90 – 71.4%). Among anthropophytes, older
newcomers – archeophytes – are more numerous (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Share of geographical-historical groups in the Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum
compressae (Ap – apophytes, Ar – archeophytes, Kn – kenophytes)
Within the living forms group, 6 principal units are represented (Fig. 3).
The highest percentage is shown by hemicryptophytes (66 – 47.6%). The second
numerous group is composed of therophytes (36 – 28.6%).
The largest number of species (70 – 55.6%) are adapted to live on a full light.
Considering the trophy indicator, the taxa of abundant and moderately poor soils
co-dominate.
Discussion
Literature references reveal that the center of distribution of the Saxifrago
tridactylitae-Poetum compressae association is in south-western Europe (6, 9, 15,
19); it is also present in the Asiatic part of western Turkey (own observations).
On these areas, its patches are of more natural character and are distinguished by
large proportion of grassland species, although Brandes (1) found in Germany the
stands of Saxifraga tridactylites also on track-ways. At the skirts of the range, in
11
Fig. 3. Share of life forms of plants in the Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae association
(M – megaphanerophytes, N – nanophanerophytes, C – chamaephytes, H – hemicryptophytes,
G – geophytes, T – therophytes)
central Europe, phytocenoses grow much more often in secondary habitats and
the number of synanthropic taxa increased at the expense of grassland species.
It is confirmed by ruderal forms of the association described in Germany (6) and
in Poland (14, 19, 20). Materials listed in Table 1 illustrate that extremely anthropogenic type of the association. Due to the sites of occurrence and very large
percentage of synanthropic species, mainly from Artemisietea and Stellarietea
mediae classes, they can be identified with Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae chenopodietosum albi (9, 20).
Up-to-date published data (from Lower Silesia and Opole Silesia) come
from the areas, where rock shelves are natural and there are numerous stone pits.
Patches of the association appear in such habitats: natural or under succession and
simulating to natural ones as well as city walls, roofs, flow banks, etc. Own materials collected in lowland Poland area, originate exclusively from track-ways, that
are anthropogenic equivalents of the rocky subsoil.
Comparison with records taken by Świerkosz (19, 20) as well as Nowak and
Nowak (14) indicates that phytocenoses found in Ziemia Lubuska, Wielkopolska,
and Kujawy represent a specific, extremely pioneer and ruderal form of the association, which was confirmed by statistical analysis results (Fig. 4).
Incompatible floristic abundance of patches studied by the authors is prominent in Table 2: average of 23 species in the record and 126 ones in the table, while
mean number of taxa in the record of other materials oscillates from 6 to 11, and
in tables from 20 to 46. Such great diversity is affected by very open character
4
Boczów
3
Piechcin
2
Kruszyn n.Bydgoszcz
9
5
Rostarzewo
26
4
Day
Month
Kobylnica
Kobylnica
4
2011
5
5
5
5
4
25
1
1 2m 2b
1 2m 1
5
+
+ 2m 2a
+
+
Saxifraga tridactylites
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Poa compressa
Artemisia campestris
Euphorbia cyparissias
Festuca trachyphylla
Syntrichia ruralis d
sl.
29
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
15
-
4
-
2
-
2
+
+
2b 2b
3
+
+
1
+
+
1 2m 2m 1
1
1 2m 2m 1
1
+
1
1
+
+
1
1
2b 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a
sl.
4
-
+
+
skrzyżowanie Stryszek
5
5
Kobylnica
4
22
5
5
Januszkowo
4
25
5
5
4
4
-
-
30
-
-
5
3 3,5 4
-
-
5
9
sl.
N
5
-
-
sl. 10
5
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
5
4
4
-
-
-
5
4
29 29 29
1
+
+
1
+
+
+
+
+
1
+
1
1
+ 2m 2m 1
1
+
1
r
+
1
1
+
1
+
+
1
+
+
r
+
+
+
r
r
r
+
r
+
+
28 32 39 22 19 24 32 24 22 14
10
-
10 95
2m 2m 1
15
10
Karolin
22
Gajec
20 30 25 35 15 10 25 15
5
5
skrzyżowanie Stryszek
- SSW -
18 29 10 32 31 30 21 19 24 28 14 22
1 10 12 18
Festuco-Brometea
sl.
15
Number of species
-
2
-
1
-
2
- NE -
Area in m2
S
Slope
-
Exposure
4
-
4
-
4
sl.
4
15
4
40 10 20 50 10 50 40 90 40 35 70 35 10 15
4
Piechcin
15 40 15 45 40 30 40 40 45 45 35 45 30 30
5
Piechcin
Cover of moss layer – d ( %)
4
Gajec
Cover of herb layer – c ( %)
Year of studies
5
Nowa Wieś Wielka II
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Nowa Wieś Wielka I
10 11 12 13 `14 15
Kobylnica
22 25 22 25 22 22 22
5
Kruszyn n.Bydgoszcz
9
6
Kobylnica
25
7
Jerzmanice
5
8
Karolin
Locality
9
Jerzmanice
1
Nowa Wieś Wielka I
Number of record
20.8
I
21.2
+-1
22.4
64.4
373.2
563.2
1132
Coverage coefficient
I+-1
II+-1
IIIr-1
IVr-2a
Vr-2m
V+-3
Constancy
Table 1. Floristic composition and quantitative relation in patches of Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae in Polish Lowland
Nowa Wieś Wielka I
12
+
Vicia angustifolia
Lactuca serriola
Bromus tectorum
Capsella bursa-pastoris var.
integrifolia
1
Papaver argemone
1
Conyza canadensis
Sisymbrium loeselii
Myosotis stricta
Crepis tectorum
+
Papaver dubium
+
Senecio vernalis
Viola arvensis
+ 2m Stellarietea mediae
1
1
Brachythecium albicans d
Veronica arvensis
2m 2m +
3
+
1
r
2a
1
1
2m +
+
+
1
2a
3
r
+
2a
r
+
+
+
1
r
r
2m +
1
2m +
2a
+
3
2m +
1
1
+
3
1
Ceratodon purpureus d
+
+
Trifolium arvense
+
+
Potentilla argentea
+
Vicia lathyroides
+
2m Corynephorus canescens
Holosteum umbellatum
+
+
Erophila verna
3
+
Cerastium semidecandrum
Sedum acre
r
+
Koelerio-Corynephoretea
Cont. Table 1
4
r
+
r
+
3
3
1
3
+
+
r
+
r
+
2a
+
+
r
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
1 2m +
2m r
1
+
4 2m 2m
r
r
+
+ 2m +
4
r
+
2a
+ 2m +
1
1 2m 1 2m
+ 2m 1
r 2m r
+
2b 2b
+ 2m 2m 1
+ 2m 1
1
5
+
1
+
+
r
+
1
1
1
+
1
1
1
4
+
+
+
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
+
1
1
r
+
r
+
r
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
+
+
+
+
r
1
+
r
r
r
r
+
r
r
+
+ 2m r
2m +
2m +
+
r 2m 1
+
+
2m +
2b
+ 2b
+
+
+
+ 2m 1
+ 2b
1
+
r
+
r
r
r
Ir-+
Ir-+
Ir-1
I+-1
I
r-1
II
2
2
20.8
20.8
21.6
2.4
182.8
r-+
III
154.4
r-2m
224
293.2
182.4
364
143.5
252.4
2421.6
20.8
2.4
2.8
23.6
110.8
53.2
224.8
790.8
IVr-2m
IVr-2a
IIIr-2a
II+-2m
IVr-2a
Vr-2a
IIIr-2b
IV+-5
I+-1
IIr-+
IIr-+
IIr-1
I+-2m
IIr-2a
IVr-2m
IIIr-3
13
+
r
r
Artemisia vulgaris
Equisetum arvense
Echium vulgare
Rubus caesius var. arvalis
Convolvulus arvensis
Erodium cicutarium
Tragopogon dubius
Calamagrostis epigejos
Melilotus cfr. alba
1
Artemisietea vulgaris
Oenothera biennis
Rumex acetosa
Chelidonium majus
Festuca rubra
Cerastium holosteoides
Taraxacum officinale
+
Achillea millefolium
r
Daucus carota
Bryum argenteum d
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Rumex thyrsiflorus
Arrhenatherum elatius
Poa annua
+
Capsella bursa-pastoris var.
pinnatifida
Polygono-Poetea annuae
Cont. Table 1
+
+
+
+
1
2a
r
r
+
+
+
+
+
r
2a
r
+
+
r
r
+
r
r
r
+
1
+
r
r
1
+
+
r
2m +
1
+
r
+
1
1
1
2a
r
+
1
r
r
+
r
+
+
+
+
2m
r
+
2a 2m
+
2m +
r
+
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
1
+
+
+
+
+
1
1
+
+
r
+
+
1
r
+
+
r
+
2a
+
+
+
+
2m +
+
1
r
1
+
+
r
+
r
+
r
r
r
+
r
r
r
+
+
r
r
r
r
I
r-1
Ir-+
Ir-+
Ir-+
IIr-+
IIr-1
IIr-1
IIr-1
I+-2m
IIr-2a
IIr-2a
III
Ir-+
Ir-+
Ir-+
r-+
I+-1
IIr-+
IIr-1
I+-2a
II+-2a
Ir-1
I1-2m
2
2
2
2,4
22
22.8
43.2
70.8
142.8
211.2
83.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
2
20.8
3.6
62.8
70. 8
181.6
20.8
90
14
r
+
+
Verbascum cfr. thapsus
Geranium robertianum
Violetea calaminariae
Cardaminopsis arenosa fo.
Silene vulgaris
Others
Pinus sylvestris
Medicago lupulina
+
Tortella tortuosa d
Bryum bicolor d
Bryum caespiticium
+
+
+
1
+
+
r
+
+
r
r
r
+
r
+
+
r
r
r
r
+
+
+
+
r 2m 1
+
+
r
+
1
2a
2a
r
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
1
+
+
r
+
r
+
r
r
r
r
2
I+
I+
I+-2a
1.2
1.2
70.4
1.2
1.2
I+
I
2.4
r-+
20.4
22
184.4
IIr-+
I+-1
IIr-1
IIIr-2a
1.2
I
1.6
r
1.6
Ir-+
Ir-+
Ir-+
Sporadic species: Festuco-Brometea: Anthemis tinctoria 12, 7; Carex praecox 8; Galium album 1; Falcaria vulgaris 17, 8; Peltigera cfr. rufescens (d) 4; Medicago falcata
6, 17; Centaurea rhenana 17, 8; Dianthus carthusianorum 8; Thymus pulegioides 18, 22; Koelerio-Corynephoretea: Cerastium arvense 18; Helichrysum arenarium 20,
22; Hypochoeris radicata 14, 3; Valerianella locusta 7; Filago arvensis 7, 4; Rumex tenuifolius 21; Stellarietea mediae: Polygonum aviculare 18; Polygonum persicaria
22; Geranium pusillum 4, 13, 5; Matricaria perforata 15; Senecio viscosus 15; Arabidopsis thaliana 20, 13; Epilobium adenocaulon 18; Stellaria media 18; Vicia villosa
9, 16; Lithospermum arvense 4; Valerianella dentata 15; Fallopia convolvulus 1; Veronica triphyllos 18; Molinio-Arrhenatheretea: Dactylis glomerata 22; Potentilla
reptans 18; Artemisietea vulgaris: Cirsium arvense 3; Euphorbia esula 14; Melandrium album 23; Galium aparine 19,6; Lamium purpureum 6; Reseda lutea 24, 23;
Berteroa incana 17; Veronica sublobata 8; Solidago canadensis 8; Geum urbanum 21; Urtica dioica 21; Ballota nigra 5; Others: Acer platanoides (c) 19, 8, 14; Acer
negundo (c) 17, 3; Galium mollugo 8; Equisetum hyemale 23, 25; Sedum maximum 4; Turritis glabra 4; Galeopsis angustifolia 1; Cladonia cfr. degenerans 19; Medicago
sativa 24; Elymus repens 18, 22; Knautia arvensis 18; Mentha sp. 20; Vicia tetrasperma; Hieracium pilosella 22; Ulmus campestris 14; Amblystegium serpens 19, 6;
Brachythecium rutabulum 11, 19; Dryptodon pulvinatus (d) 17.
Hypericum perforatum
Cladonia squamosa
d
Tanacetum vulgare
c
Picris hieracioides
Cont. Table 1
15
16
Table 2. Comparison of floristic composition and quantitative relation in patches of Saxifrago
tridactylitae-Poetum compressae in Poland
Source of materials 1
2
3
4
5
Number of records in table
25
10
20
18
8
Minimal number of
species in record
5
7
5
7
3
Maximal number of
species in record
39
16
12
17
10
Average number of species
in record
23
10
8
11
6
Total number of species
in table
126
43
46
41
20
Syntaxon and species
Ch.Cl. Festuco-Brometea
constancy
covercovercovercoverconconconage
con- age
age
coverage
age
stanstanstancoef- stancy coefficoefcoefficient
coefcy
cy
cy
ficient
cient
ficient
ficient
Saxifraga tridactylites
V
1132
V
+-1
353
Poa compressa
IVr-2a
373.2
V+-3
977
V1-5
3675
V+-3
987.7
V2-5
4500
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Vr-2m
563.2
I+
2
I2-3
362.5
II+-1
140
Euphorbia cyparissias
II
22.4
1
I
50
I
363
2
II+-2
+-3
+-1
+-3
Acinos arvensis
I+
154.4
Potentilla neumanniana
I
225
III1-4
1277.7
IIIr-1
64.4
Achillea pannonica
IIr-+
3
Artemisia campestris
1-2
Abietinella abietina
III
1025
Scabiosa columbaria
II1-3
527.7
Ch.Cl. KoelerioCorynephoretea
Sedum acre
IVr-2m
224.8
IV+-1
253
II1-3
462.5
IV+-2
321.1
II+-2
220
Ceratodon purpureus
IV+-5
2421.6
I+-3
363
V+-3
1097.7
I1
62.5
Potentilla argentea
IIr-+
2.4
IV+-4 1051.5 IV+-3
972.7
II2
437.5
Trifolium arvense
IIr-+
2.8
I+-1
51
I+-1
75.5
IIr-1
85
Cerastium arvense
+
I
0.4
I
187.5
II
431.6
Rumex tenuifolius
I+
0.4
II1-2
250
Cerastium semidecandrum
r-3
III
790.8
Brachythecium albicans
IIIr-2b
252.4
Vicia lathyroides
II
r-1
23.6
Erophila verna
IIr-2a
53.2
1-3
3
+-3
17
Cont. Table 2
Polytrichum piliferum
Ch.Cl. Stellarietea mediae
Conyza canadensis
IV+-2
404.4
IVr-2a
224
I+-1
25.5
Chenopodium album
II
52
I
25
IIIr-2m
182.8
II1
125
Capsella bursa-pastoris
var. integrifolia
IIr-+
2.4
I1
62.5
Senecio vernalis
Vr-2a
143.5
Viola arvensis
IVr-2a
364
Papaver argemone
r-2m
IV
154.4
Myosotis stricta
IIIr-2a
293.2
Papaver dubium
II
182.4
Bryum argenteum
II+-2a
181.6
I+
1.25
Ch.Cl. MolinioArrhenatheretea
Taraxacum officinale
IIr-+
3.6
II+
4
III+-1
127.5
I+-1
28.8
II+
3.75
Achillea millefolium
IIr-1
62.8
I+
1
I1
25
I1
55.5
Arrhenatherum elatius
Ir-+
1.6
I+
1
II+-1
139.4
Dactylis glomerata
I+
0.4
II+-1
84.4
Rumex acetosa
I
1.2
II
58.3
Bromus tectorum
Ch.Cl. Polygono-Poetea
annuae
+-2m
r-+
+-1
1
+-1
III+-2 501.25
Plantago major
I
25.5
II
Bromus hordaceus
II+-1
63.75
Ch.Cl. Artemisietea
vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris
IIr-1
22.8
I+
1
III+-1
128
I+
Echium vulgare
II
r-+
2.4
I
1
2
I
262.5
r-2a
+
+
r-1
III
+-2
1,1
377.2
+-1
65
IV+-1 313.75
Chelidonium majus
II
211.2
I
0.5
Oenothera biennis
IIIr-1
83.2
Melilotus cfr. alba
IIr-2a
142.8
Tragopogon dubius
IIr-1
43.2
Equisetum arvense
II
22
Ch.Cl. Asplenietea
trichomanis
Tortula muralis
I2
175
II+-2
139
I1-2
222.2
II+
2.5
Asplenium ruta-muraria
226
I
25.5
r-1
II
+-2
+-1
18
Cont. Table 2
Others
Bryum caespiticium
I+
1.2
I2
87.5
I1-2
125
II3-4
1250
Medicago lupulina
IIr-+
2.4
Ir
1
I1
55.5
Hypericum perforatum
Ir-+
1.2
III+-1
55
Galium mollugo
I+
0.4
II+-1
52
Sedum maximum
I+
0.4
III
237.2
IIr-1
22
I1
27.7
184.4
II
100.5
Silene vulgaris
Cardaminopsis arenosa fo. IIIr-2a
Poa angustifolia
+-1
+-2
1 – own data 2011; 2 – Nowak A., Nowak S. 2008 Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq
1957; 3 – Świerkosz K. 1994 Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957 chenopodietosum
albii (Klimeš 1986) Świerkosz; 4 – Świerkosz 1994 Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq
1957 arrhenatheretosum elatioris (Géhu 1961); 5 – Świerkosz 1993 Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945)
Géhu et Lericq 1957.
Fig. 4. Results of statistical analysis CA(MVSP) by MVSP computer program
of the phytosociological records Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae from Poland
of biotopes (track-ways), where species of various ecological groups settle: xerothermic and psammophilic grasslands, segetal, ruderal, herbal species, plants
of treaded places, and forests. Due to the habitat exposed to a sunlight, dark and
permeable subsoil, railway traffic, and sometimes treading, most of species are
ephemeral and they are not susceptible to successful colonization. Therefore, up
19
to 92 taxa (73%) are characterized by stability degree I. Phytocenoses analyzed
by Świerkosz (20) as well as Nowak and Nowak (14) are equally heterogenic;
percentage of the stability degree I species is 85% and 77%. The latter authors
emphasized that it was associated with varied habitats, adjacent to grasslands and
their particular susceptibility to colonization by elements that are synecologically
foreign. Ruderal patches examined by Świerkosz (19) in Wrocław as well as S.t.P.c. arrhenatheretosum elatioris (Géhu 1961) Świerkosz (20) represent more succession advanced and more floristically stable form of the association, and the
proportion of the stability degree I taxa is 45% and never exceeds 56%.
Own materials are the most similar to phytosociological records taken by
Nowak and Nowak (14) – compare Figure 4. Their common feature is the presence of Saxifraga tridactylites and very numerous species group of FestucoBrometea class (Table 3).
Table 3. Comparison of the number of species of the phytosociological classes in the analyzed
plant community Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae in Poland
Source of materials
1
2
3
4
5
Number of records in table
25
10
20
18
8
Total number of species in table
126
43
46
41
20
Number of species in classes:
Festuco-Brometea
17
15
4
8
1
Koelerio-Corynephoretea
16
2
6
8
3
Stellarietea mediae
26
4
6
1
2
Polygono-Poetea annuae
3
0
2
0
1
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
10
5
7
8
4
Artemisietea vulgaris
27
4
9
4
3
Asplenietea trichomanis
0
3
3
2
1
Others
27
10
9
10
5
1 – own data 2011; 2 – Nowak and Nowak ( 14) Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957; 3 – Świerkosz (20) Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq 1957 chenopodietosum
albii (Klimeš 1986) Świerkosz; 4 – Świerkosz (20) Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945) Géhu et Lericq
1957 arrhenatheretosum elatioris (Géhu 1961); 5 – Świerkosz (19) Saxifrago-Poetum compressae (Kreh 1945)
Géhu et Lericq 1957
They are negatively distinguished by lack of rock plant species of Asplenietea rupestris, typical of patches of the association developed in natural habitats,
or rock gaps in stone-pits, or on old walls. Data collected by Świerkosz (19, 20)
contain no nailwort. Poa compressa or Potentilla argentea most often dominate.
Similar phytocoenoses, usually with massive percentage of Poa compressa, were
20
found on small areas of old walls in different regions of Poland (own observations).
Up to date, the discussed association was placed within Koelerio-Corynephoretea (Sedo-Scleranthetea) class in Alysso-Sedion association. In the presented study, due to the dominance of xerothermic grassland taxa spots, they were
counted to Festuco-Brometea class, having on mind that nailwort associations
relate very much to sand grasslands in a view of their floristic composition. The
syntaxonomic affinity was affected by assignment to Festuco-Brometea class of
such species as: Saxifraga tridactylites, Poa compressa or Arenaria serpyllifolia.
The species characteristic and often dominating in patches – Saxifraga tridactylites belongs to relatively rare ones in Poland (23), hence the association is
considered rare as well. Therefore, taking also into account very little knowledge,
the association is considered to be endangered (16).
Conclusions
The Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum compressae association is little recognized in Poland. Based on the distribution of characteristic species of Saxifraga
tridactylites, one can suppose that its patches can be found in other regions of
Poland as well.
Patches containing nailwort in south-western Poland may develop in natural
habitats and those altered by a man; they occupy exclusively anthropogenic habitats in lowlands.
Heterogenic floristic composition of the patches are affected by habitats they
are found and adjacent areas.
AcknowledgementS
The authors thank Dr. Anna Rusińska from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań for
verification of the determinations of mosses species.
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ANNALES Saxifrago tridactylitae-Poetum - Annales UMCS

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