artykuł - Instytut Archeologii UW

Editor-in-chief of the publications of the Institute of Archaeology UW:
Kazimierz Lewartowski
Światowit
Annual of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw
Editor: Franciszek M. Stępniowski ([email protected])
Managing editor: Andrzej Maciałowicz ([email protected])
Editorial Council:
Wojciech Nowakowski (Chairman)
Elżbieta Jastrzębowska
Kazimierz Lewartowski
Tadeusz Sarnowski
Tomasz Scholl
Karol Szymczak
All rights reserved
© 2011 Institute of Archaeology UW
ISSN 0082-044X
ISBN 978-83-61376-927
Cover design: Joanna Kalita
English language consultant: Grzegorz Żabiński
Typesetting: Jan Żabko-Potopowicz
Printed by: Janusz Bieszczad, Warszawa, ul. Moszczenicka 2
Editorial address: Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw,
Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw
Contents
Spis treści
Fascicle A
MEdITErrANEAN ANd NoN-EUroPEAN ArChAEoLoGy
Fascykuł A
ArChEoLoGIA ŚrÓdZIEMNoMorSKA I PoZAEUroPEJSKA
EdITorIAL ....................................................................................................................................................................................7
Studies and Materials
Jerzy Żelazowski, Monika Rekowska-Ruszkowska,
Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Krzysztof Chmielewski,
Elżbieta Rosłaniec, Piotr Jaworski, Krzysztof Misiewicz,
Kazimierz Lewartowski, George Yacoub, Miron Bogacki,
Wiesław Małkowski, Zbigniew Polak
PoLISh ArChAEoLoGICAL rESEArCh IN PToLEMAIS (LIByA) IN 2007–2009.
PrELIMINAry rEPorT (PLS. 1–33) ....................................................................................................................................9
Polskie badania archeologiczne w Ptolemais (Libia) 2007–2009. raport wstępny ......................................................28
Krzysztof Misiewicz
NoN-INvASIvE SUrvEy oF ChrISTIAN BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS
– GEoPhySICAL ProSPECTIoN (PLS. 34–51)............................................................................................................31
Nieinwazyjne badania chrześcijańskich bazylik w Ptolemais – prospekcja geofizyczna ................................................37
Jakub Kaniszewski
NoN-INvASIvE INvESTIGATIoN oF ThE WESTErN BASILICA
AT PToLEMAIS (PLS. 52–57) ................................................................................................................................................41
Nieinwazyjne badania Bazyliki Zachodniej w Ptolemais ......................................................................................................44
Miron Bogacki, Wiesław Małkowski
ToPoGrAPhICAL SUrvEy IN ThE ArEA oF TWo ChrISTIAN BUILdINGS
oUTSIdE ThE CITy WALLS oF PToLEMAIS (CyrENAICA, LIByA) (PLS. 58–59) ..................................45
Badania topograficzne w obrębie dwóch budowli chrześcijańskich
położonych poza murami Ptolemais (Cyrenajka, Libia) ........................................................................................................50
Ewa Wipszycka
ThE BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS: A hISTorIAN’S CoMMENTAry
oN ThE rESULTS oF ArChAEoLoGICAL EXPLorATIoN............................................................................51
Kościoły w Ptolemais: komentarz historyka do wyników badań archeologicznych ........................................................67
Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера,
Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa
ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2008 г.
(раскоп XXv) (PLS. 60–115)..............................................................................................................................................69
Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2008 roku (wykop XXv) ..................................................................85
Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера,
Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa
ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2009 г.
(раскоп XXv) (PLS. 116–164)............................................................................................................................................87
Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2009 roku (wykop XXv)................................................................106
Arkadiusz Sołtysiak
ShorT INTrodUCTIoN To ThE BIoArChAEoLoGICAL STUdIES
AT TELL BArrI (PL. 165) ......................................................................................................................................................107
Krótkie wprowadzenie do badań bioarcheologicznych na Tell Barri................................................................................112
Dariusz Szeląg
TWo ovENS FroM ThE FIrST hALF oF ThE 3rd MILLENNIUM BC AT TELL ArBId.
EvIdENCE For GrAIN ProCESSING? (PLS. 166–172) ........................................................................................113
dwa piece z pierwszej połowy III tys. p.n.e. z Tell Arbid.
Instalacje do prażenia ziarna? ....................................................................................................................................................120
Nazar Buławka
dECorATIvE MoTIFS oF ThE EArLy IroN AGE (yAZ I) PoTTEry
IN SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN..................................................................................................................................121
Motywy dekoracyjne ceramiki wczesnej epoki żelaza (yaz I)
w południowym Turkmenistanie ..............................................................................................................................................131
Arkadiusz Sołtysiak
ThE GATES oF dUr-ŠArrUKIN....................................................................................................................................133
Bramy dur-Szarrukin ..................................................................................................................................................................137
Agnieszka Tomas
rEAdING GENdEr ANd SoCIAL LIFE IN MILITAry SPACES (PLS. 173–175) ........................................139
odczytywanie płci i życia społecznego w przestrzeni wojskowej ......................................................................................152
Elżbieta Jastrzębowska
NEW TESTAMENT ANGELS IN EArLy ChrISTIAN ArT :
orIGIN ANd SoUrCES (PLS. 176–185) ........................................................................................................................153
Anioły z Nowego Testamentu w sztuce wczesnochrześcijańskiej: pochodzenie i źródła..............................................164
Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Arnold Lebeuf
PohUALLI 1.01. A CoMPUTEr SIMULATIoN oF MESoAMErICAN
CALENdAr SySTEMS ..........................................................................................................................................................165
Pohualli 1.01. Komputerowa symulacja mezoamerykańskich kalendarzy ......................................................................167
Chronicle of Excavations
Roksana Chowaniec
PALAZZoLo ACrEIdE, ANCIENT ACRAE, SICILy, ITALy, 2009–2010 (PLS. 186–187) ..........................169
Palazzolo Acreide, starożytne Acrae, Sycylia, Włochy, 2009–2010 ..................................................................................171
Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Oleg Â. Savelâ
IN ThE hEArT oF A roMAN ForT IN CrIMEA. EXCAvATIoNS IN BALAKLAvA
(SEvASToPoL, UKrAINE). SEASoN 2009–2010 (PLS. 188–189) ........................................................................173
Wykopaliska fortu rzymskiego w Bałakławie-Kadykovce (Sewastopol, Ukraina).
Sezon 2009–2010 ........................................................................................................................................................................175
Тадеуш Сарновски, Людмила А. Ковалевская
сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым).
усадьба 343 (PLS. 190–192) ..............................................................................................................................................177
Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr 343 ........................................................................179
Людмила А. Ковалевская, Тадеуш Сарновски
сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым).
усадьба 363 (PLS. 193–194) ..............................................................................................................................................181
Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr 363 ........................................................................183
Tadeusz Sarnowski, Agnieszka Tomas
NovAE. ThE roMAN LEGIoNAry dEFENCES.
EXCAvATIoNS oF 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS. 195–196) ..................................................................................................185
Novae. Fortyfikacje obozu. Wykopaliska 2009 i 2010 r. ....................................................................................................186
Tadeusz Sarnowski, Ludmiła A. Kovalevskaja
NovAE. hEAdqUArTErS BUILdING oF ThE roMAN LEGIoNAry BASE.
EXCAvATIoNS oF 2010 (PLS. 197–198) ........................................................................................................................187
Novae. Budowla komendantury w obozie rzymskiego legionu. Wykopaliska 2010 r. ..................................................189
Martin Lemke
FIELdWorK AT NovAE (BULGArIA) IN 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS. 199–201)....................................................191
Badania wykopaliskowe w Novae (Bułgaria) w latach 2009–2010 ..................................................................................194
Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk,
Kazimierz Lewartowski, Krzysztof Misiewicz
PToLEMAIS, LIByA, 2010 (PLS. 202–203) ......................................................................................................................195
Ptolemais, Libia, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................197
Tomasz Kowal
FIELdWorK AT rISAN, SEASoN 2009–2010 (PLS. 204–207) ..............................................................................199
Badania w risan, sezon 2009–2010 ........................................................................................................................................202
Tomasz Scholl
TANAIS – EXCAvATIoNS IN 2010 (PLS. 208–209) ....................................................................................................203
Tanais – wykopaliska sezonu 2010 ..........................................................................................................................................204
Andrzej Niwiński
INForMATIoN ABoUT ThE CLIFF MISSIoN AT dEIr EL-BAhArI,
EGyPT, IN 2009 (PLS. 210–212)............................................................................................................................................205
Informacja o pracach Misji Skalnej w deir el-Bahari, Egipt, w 2009 r. ............................................................................206
Barbara Kaim
ThE FIrST SEASoN oF EXCAvATIoN AT GUrUKLy dEPE,
SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN, 2010 (PLS. 213–215) ..............................................................................................207
Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Gurukly depe w południowym Turkmenistanie, 2010 r.............................................208
Marcin Wagner
ThE FIrST SEASoN oF EXCAvATIoNS AT ToPAZ GALA dEPE IN ThE SArAKhS oASIS,
SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN (PLS. 216–218) ..........................................................................................................209
Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Topaz Gala depe w oazie Sarakhs
w południowym Turkmenistanie ..............................................................................................................................................210
PLATES..........................................................................................................................................................................................211
ŚWIAToWIT • vIII (XLIX)/A • 2009–2010
roKSANA ChoWANIEC
PALAZZOLO ACREiDE, ANCiENT ACRAE, SiCiLY, iTALY, 2009–2010
(PLS. 186–187)
I
n 2009 the team from the Institute of
Archaeology of the University of Warsaw in cooperation
with Soprintendenza dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali di
Siracusa, began the archaeological investigation at the site
of Akrai. This first season lasted from September 28 till
october 30.
The ancient town of Akrai (Greek κραι, Latin
Acrae, Agris, Acrenses) is located to the west of the modern
town of Palazzolo Acreide, in south-eastern Sicily, the
province of Siracusa. Prof. Aleksander Bursche, Miron
Bogacki MA, Marta Fituła MA, Jakub Kaniszewski MA,
Wiesław Małkowski MA, Marcin Matera MA, Prof.
Krzysztof Misiewicz, Tomasz Więcek MA, Piotr Zakrzewski and eight students of the Institute of Archaeology of
the University of Warsaw participated in the research. The
partnership between the University of Warsaw and Soprintendenza dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali di Siracusa has
been initiated by A. Bursche and r. Chowaniec, with the
strong support from M. Fituła (member of the Society
Sicilia Antica in Noto). The first seasons of research have
been possible thanks to the grant of the rectors of
the University of Warsaw, Prof. Katarzyna Chałasińska-Macukow and Prof. Włodzimierz Lengauer, as well as
private sponsors.
Akrai was founded in 664/663 BC, on Acremonte,
one of the hilltops of the hyblean Mountains, 770 m a.s.l.,
located between the rivers: Anapo (Anapus) and Tellaro
(Helorus). The town developed mostly during the 3rd c.
BC. Later, after the conquest of Sicily by the romans in
241 BC, the foundation of the first province in 227 BC,
and the defeat of hiero II and the fall of the kingdom of
Syracuse in 211 BC, Acrae is counted on the list of stipendiariae civitates. This suggests that the town was inhabited
and functioned in the new roman political situation. The
archaeological site was “discovered” in 1558 and research
has taken place there since the 1st half of the 19th c.
In 2009, the University of Warsaw carried out the
first series of non-destructive fieldwork: measurements
with the use of the Total Station and GPS rTK systems,
a master topographic map of the site, aerial photography,
geophysical survey, photographic documentation and
measurements to create 3d models and analyses of satellite
images. Based on these data it was possible to create
a numerical model/geospatial base of the archaeological site.
Planigraphic documentation was prepared in
several stages. Archaeological squares were laid out and
a grid was created to record archaeological plans and
sections. Next, visible features and structures were documented. Moreover, a GPS rTK was used to create the
master topographic map of the site and its surrounding
area. The use of this equipment allowed to correlate measurements with the aerial photographs and satellite photography, and thus made it easier to interpret measurements,
compare the surfaces of buildings, the angles and distances
between archaeological structures (MAłKoWSKI 2008:
498–504).
The second step was to take a series of kite photos.
The result of this work was a sequence of vertical and
oblique photographs, which were calibrated through the
so-called photo-points, and then transformed into 3d
models of the terrain of the site and visible archaeological
relics (BoGACKI, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2008: 329–
333) (Fig. 1).
The most important point was the geophysical
survey, made in the area of c. 3.5 ha in the central part of
1
For the complete history of the town and the history of
researches see: ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICZ 2010.
169
roKSANA ChoWANIEC
the plateau (Fig. 2). The whole area of investigation was
divided by former field frontiers (marked by walls of
stones), in most cases overgrown by natural hedges. In the
eastern and central parts of the explored area traces of previous archaeological trenches were visible (also with
remains of architecture). Unfortunately, during the survey
period, part of the area was under tall vegetation which disturbed the proper work of magnetometers. Finally, during
the geophysical survey numerous ancient structures were
registered (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICZ 2010).
The collected data from all kinds of mentioned
research were used as input to create a 3d visualisation of
the site – dTM (digital Terrain Model) – containing
maps, photographs and databases with information about
the structures and their chronological phases (BoGACKI,
MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2008: 117–119). The numerical
model is a set of data, which has been calibrated and properly interlinked. This allows to analyse the collected data at
different levels and helps to interpret them.
Also a preliminary 3d reconstruction of the
theatre at Akrai has been done. Traditional methods of
reconstruction (drawings, plans, models) give a possibility
to present only a general, artistic view of a building. on the
other hand, 3d techniques give an opportunity to present
different variants of reconstruction of ancient architecture.
This is an important technical aspect of interpretation of
archaeological and architectural evidence (for more information cf. ChoWANIEC, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2010).
It is well known that in the Greek period the town
of Akrai fulfilled political and commercial functions, and
protected the access to Syracuse and to the south-eastern
part of the island as well. The archaeological evidence
which confirms the functioning of Acrae during the time of
the roman republic and the roman Empire is limited. To
improve the information about the town in these periods,
in october 2010 a field survey in the territory of the town
of Acrae, between the Anapo, Tellaro and Cassibille rivers
was done (Fig. 3). This research was aimed at locating new
archaeological sites in territorio acrense. The range of the
survey became much wider than only the urban and rural
territory of Akrai (so called Greek χώρα). A complete survey of this territory should help answer questions related to
the chora of Akrai, as well to describe the relations of this
ancient town with other settlements in the region. during
the survey 48 new archaeological sites were located. New
sites were marked on the satellite map of this region with
the use of GPS. Preliminary dating of pottery finds allowed to date eleven of them to the 1st c. BC – the 1st c. Ad,
the next eight to the 1st – the 3rd c. Ad and eight to the
late roman period. other sites could be dated to the
hellenistic period or to medieval and modern times.
dr roksana Chowaniec
Institute of Archaeology
University of Warsaw
[email protected]
Bibliography
BoGACKI, M., MAłKoWSKI, W., MISIEWICZ, K.
2008
Kite Aerial Photography (KAP) as a tool for completing GIS models. Ptolemais (Libya) case study, (in:)
r. Lasaponara, N. Masini (eds.), Advances in Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management, Proceedings of Ist International EARSeL Workshop, Rome 30 September – 4 October, 2008, roma,
329–333.
ChoWANIEC, r., MISIEWICZ, K.
2010
Akrai, Sicily. Non-destructive Researches in Season 2009, “Archeologia” (Warsaw) LIX (2008), 173–186.
ChoWANIEC, r., MAłKoWSKI, W., MISIEWICZ, K.
2010
Acrae antica alla luce di indagini non invasive, “Journal of Ancient Topography – rivista di Topografia Antica”
XIX (2009), 121–138.
MAłKoWSKI, W.
2008
Listing Archaeological Sites with a Total Station Tachometer. Data Processing Opportunities for Surveyed Sites,
“Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean” XvIII (2006), 498–504.
170
PALAZZoLo ACrEIdE, ANCIENT ACrAE, SICILy, ITALy, 2009
roKSANA ChoWANIEC
Palazzolo acreide , starożytne ACRAE, sycylia , Włochy, 2009–2010
W
2009 roku ekspedycja Instytutu Archeologii
Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego rozpoczęła pierwsze, wstępne badania na stanowisku archeologicznym Akrai (obecnie
Palazzolo Acreide, prov. Siracusa), na Sycylii. W trakcie
sezonu przeprowadzono wstępne badania nieinwazyjne
(m.in. pomiary total station oraz GPS rTK, fotografia lotnicza, badania geofizyczne). Zebrane dane posłużyły do
stworzenia wielowarstwowej mapy numerycznej stanowiska, która może być uzupełniana na bieżąco.
W 2010 roku przeprowadzono badania powierzchniowe na obszarze pomiędzy dolinami rzek Anapo, Tellaro
and Cassibille. Efektem prac było odkrycie 48 nowych stanowisk archeologicznych, dokładne namierzenie ich za pomocą GPS oraz zaznaczenie na mapie satelitarnej regionu.
171
roKSANA ChoWANIEC
PLATE 186
Fig. 1. 3d model of archaeological relics and topography (by M. Bogacki).
ryc. 1. Trójwymiarowy model terenu i pozostałości archeologicznych.
roKSANA ChoWANIEC
PLATE 187
Fig. 2. Geophysical survey (Photo J. Kaniszewski).
ryc. 2. Badania geofizyczne.
Fig. 3. Field survey in 2010 (Photo K. Belicki).
ryc. 3. Badania powierzchniowe w 2010 r.