wielopoziomowy falownik w zastosowaniu do silnika

Transkrypt

Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
Omelian Płachtyna, Roman śarnowski,
Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz
WIELOPOZIOMOWY FALOWNIK W ZASTOSOWANIU DO SILNIKA
INDUKCYJNEGO LUB AUTONOMICZNEJ PRĄDNICY
INDUKCYJNEJ ALBO SYNCHRONICZNEJ
MULTILEVEL INVERTER APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVE OR TO INDUCTION
OR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Abstract: In the paper a multilevel inverter for purpose in a supply of induction motor or in generation of
autonomous, self-excited induction generator voltage is presented. The inverter allows elimination of the most
significant harmonics 5th and 7th and other, up to 10th. In the case of motor supply in the system are not used
summing transformers and thanks to the phase shifting of voltages the system is favourable in respect of harmonics in current drawn by transformer from the utility grid. The system in purpose of autonomous generator
is soft for recipients of electrical energy and for the generator drive. In this case the inverter allows elimination
influence of 6th, 18th, and 30th harmonics from voltages and currents, what allows to avoid oscillations of the
shaft torque.
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Roman Dudek, Stanisław Kosiorowski, Andrzej Stobiecki
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków
OSCYLACJE W FILTRACH WEJŚCIOWYCH
PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKOWYCH NAPĘDÓW TRAKCYJNYCH
OSCILLATIONS IN INPUT FILTERS OF CONVERTER-BASED TRACTION
DRIVES
Abstract: LC input filters are applied in the traction drives with DC or AC motors controlled with the power
electronic systems. As follows from experience in operation of the electric mine locomotives the most frequent
reason for faults of these systems are faults of the filter’s capacitors. Oscillations of voltage and current during
the transient states of the drive operation can be one of the reasons for the damage of the capacitors. In this paper, special attention is paid to the angular frequency of oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor in
transient states of drive operation. This quantity can be used in diagnostic and elimination of fault operation of
the power electronic systems of the vehicles’ drives. On the basis of a simplified model of the traction system,
non-linear equation describing the system is formulated, linearized characteristic equation is given and minimum value of the filter capacity ensuring stable operation of the system is determined. The relationship determining the angular frequency is derived. The analysis of the influence of the filter capacity, inductance and
resistance of the traction network, supply source voltage and power of the drive on the angular frequency of
the oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor is carried out using simulations in the IsSpice program.11
Selected results of tests of the laboratory traction drive system equipped with a traction motor of the mine locomotive type Ld 31 are presented in the last section of the paper.
__________________________________________________________________________
Roman śarnowski
Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz
AUTONOMICZNA PRĄDNICA INDUKCYJNA Z KASKADOWYM
FALOWNIKIEM NAPIĘCIA
AUTONOMOUS INDUCTION GENERATOR WITH CASCADED VOLTAGE
INVERTER
Abstract: In the paper a frequency and voltage stabilisation system of autonomous, self-excited induction
generator (API) is presented. Electrical energy with uncontrolled parameters, produced by API is converted to
sin wave output energy with constant frequency and voltage with the help of a cascade inverter. Output voltage stabilisation is performed in the DC intermediate circuit of the inverter. The control strategy and the way
of adding voltages in the cascade inverter which allow to eliminate the most significant harmonics up to assumed harmonic number is defined. Simulation results are enclosed.
__________________________________________________________________________
Marek Niechaj
Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin
NUMERYCZNY MODEL FOTOWOLTAICZNEGO SYSTEMU
NAPĘDOWEGO Z MAKSYMALIZACJĄ MOCY OPARTĄ
NA DODATNIM SPRZĘśENIU ZWROTNYM
NUMERICAL MODEL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVE SYSTEM
WITH MPP TRACKER BASED ON POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Abstract: The paper deals with numerical model of the system with photovoltaic generator feeding the DC
commutator motor with permanent magnet excitement, by DC buck chopper. The motor drives its load of fan
characteristic – centrifugal water pump. The system is of Stand-Alone type, and without the electric buffer
source (electrochemical accumulator or supercapacitor). The simple circuit for Maximum Power Point tracking, with positive feedback from average value of motor’s armature voltage, has been applied in this system.
The real system’s diagram is presented and shortly described. The numerical model of the whole real system
has been created in TCAD simulation software. This model’s diagram is presented and described
in details. The model of PV generator enables simple modeling of generator’s cells insolation changes,
and also different temperatures of the cells, independently. The results of computer simulations of such transient states as: start-ups of the motor for different PV cells insolation and temperature values, and linear increases and decreases of insolation, are presented. The good points and shortcomings of the described system
and its model are recapitulated in the conclusions.
__________________________________________________________________________
Jan Anuszczyk, Andrzej Gocek
Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź
HAMOWANIE POCIĄGÓW METRA Z NAPĘDEM PRĄDU STAŁEGO
I PRZEMIENNEGO PRZY WYKORZYSTANIU SYSTEMU ATO
BRAKING OF UNDERGROUND TRAINS WITH AC AND DC DRIVE USING ATO
SYSTEM
Abstract: The paper describes AC and DC drives used in underground trains and braking methods of underground trains cooperating with an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system. A train drive with an AC motor
and a drive with DC motor with impulse and resistance riot has been described. An ATO system ensures
automatic train piloting such as acceleration and braking. A type of this system, used especially on underground lines implements a direct position breaking. The precision of train braking depends on the motor control, which is particularly important during electrodynamic braking. The type of used drive affects on preciseness and quality of duty braking process. The concept of an efficient regulation of the duty braking, the control-execution system and a breaking quality indicator has been described.
__________________________________________________________________________
Grzegorz Gawor, Sławomir Szymaniec
Politechnika Opolska, Opole
PRZEMYSŁOWE BADANIA DIAGNOSTYCZNE NAPĘDÓW
ELEKTRYCZNYCH
INDUSTRIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRIC ELECTRICAL DRIVES
Abstract: There are many problems in practical diagnostics of machines operated in industrial conditions. The
paper presents the diagnostic methods in this for example the envelope analysis methods and measurement results of operating diagnostics.
__________________________________________________________________________
Adam Sołbut
Politechnika Białostocka, Białystok
WYBRANE ALGORYTMY DIAGNOSTYKI UKŁADU
NAPĘDOWEGO Z FALOWNIKAMI NAPIĘCIA
CHOSEN INVERTER-FED MOTOR DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS
Abstract: Present-day motor drives are using voltage inverters for motor speed controlling. Voltage inverters
control systems are based on microprocessor technology. Microprocessors, that are used in inverters control
systems can also be used for motor drives state estimation. Propositions of algorithms, that are possible to implement in motor drives control systems are presented in the paper. It's suggested to use moving RMS and average values of chosen signals available in control algorithms. Moving values calculation algorithm is presented in C++ language code, so it is possible to implement it in an own solutions. Propositions of algorithms
are supported by simulations and laboratory tests results of a motor drive with Field Orientation Control
method.
__________________________________________________________________________
Krzysztof Kolano
UKŁAD NAPĘDOWY ZASILANY Z BATERII OGNIW
FOTOWOLTAICZNYCH WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCY Z SIECIĄ
ELEKTROENERGETYCZNĄ
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM FED FROM PV SOLAR CELLS AHD THE POWER
GRID
Abstract: Within last few years the possibility of constructing PV low power generators used for electric
driving systems feeding emerged. The amount of energy produced by these unconventional energy sources
depends on current weather conditions. In this article the electrical drive system fed both from PV arrays and
the power grid has been described. It is based on industrial frequency converter with special MPPT control
algorithm. This structure is designed to meet requirements of most drive systems, especially 3-phase air
conditioning units. Defining the minimum level of output frequency of the frequency converter allows to affect
on the amount of energy consumed from the power grid. Despite the weather condition (insolation) PV array
always works with maximum possible efficiency.
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Andrzej Sikora, Barbara Kulesz
Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice
WPŁYW PROCESÓW KOMUTACYJNYCH NA PRACĘ
TRANSFORMATORA PROSTOWNIKOWEGO O NIETYPOWYM
UKŁADZIE POŁĄCZEŃ
COMMUTATION PROCESSES IN NON-STANDARD RECTIFIER
TRANSFORMER
Abstract: To obtain rectified voltage needed for d.c. traction networks, different types of energy transformation circuits may be used. This paper deals with 6- and 24-pulse transformer-rectified set operation under different supply conditions. Commutation issues have been investigated for Yd transformer supplied with sinusoidal and distorted voltage. It has been shown that supply voltage THD factor affecting rectified voltage
quality is not sufficient to examine voltage transformation extensively; phase angles of the harmonics have
been researched as well and their impact on commutation processes presented. For 24-pulse system it has been
shown that transformer windings connection scheme giving the desired phase shifts between secondary side
voltages is not sufficient to achieve 24 pulses in rectified voltage. Due to commutation, this system produces 6
pulse output voltage only. In order to modernise traction substation, simple switchover from 3-phase to 12phase transformer with presented windings connection is not, therefore, possible.
__________________________________________________________________________
Andrzej Sikora, Adam Zielonka
PORÓWNANIE DWÓCH WARIANTÓW ZASILANIA SILNIKA
BEZSZCZOTKOWEGO
COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT SUPPLY VARIANTS OF A BLDC MOTOR
Abstract: Two alternative methods of supply and speed control of BLDC motor are presented in the paper.
The motoe is supplied via electronic commutator, which calculated rotor position on the basis of signals received from Hall sensors. The system consists of transistor bridge connecting the supply voltage to the motor
windings in accordance with control sequence. The bridge is controlled by microprocessor, which works out
the control basing on rotor position signals and motor input current value.
In the first supply variant motor’s average winding voltage is controlled via pulse width modulation of supply
voltage (this is done by electronic commutator).
In the second supply variant the system is supplemented with power electronics converter, decreasing electronic commutator supply voltage, so that the commutator is controlled on the basis of rotor position sensors
only (with no pulse width modulation). The possibility of decreasing supply voltage (average value) of the
BLDC motor allows smooth regulation of motor speed.
__________________________________________________________________________
Andrzej Rusek, Andrzej Popenda, Janusz Flasza
Politechnika Częstochowska, Częstochowa
Piotr Dziubałtowski, ZM Elektro Sp. z o.o., Katowice
POPRAWA EFEKTYWNOŚCI ENERGETYCZNEJ POMP WODY
SIECIOWEJ EC TYCHY SA – ANALIZA PROBLEMU
THE IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS WATER NETWORK
EC TYCHY SA - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM
Abstract: In this study analyzed the comparative two variants of the water transport system: the system used
at present, and a redesigned layout for the EC Tychy SA. Through analysis of the problem shown main directions of modernization in the two sets of pumps online PS3, PS4, PS5, PS6 and PS7, and two additional pumps
PS8 and PS9.
__________________________________________________________________________
Janusz Flasza
Politechnika Częstochowska, Częstochowa
ZAGADNIENIE OSZCZĘDNOŚCI ENERGII W SILNIKACH
ELEKTRYCZNYCH W ASPEKCIE KLASYFIKACJI IE
THE QUESTION OF AUSTERITY OF ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENGINES
IN ASPECT OF CLASSIFICATION IE
Abstract: More than half of all electricity produced worldwide is used for electric drives with electric motors.
Currently, the model faces the problem of energy modernization. Associated with the rational use in the
application of innovative technology. This technology also includes the EE - energy-efficient, as one of the
industries. Due to the high energy consumption and widely used in asynchronous alternating current engines
devoted much investment and research in order to increase and improve their performance, taking into account
their development, setting standards. Continue and new initiatives are legislative and other measures
concerning issues of energy savings for induction motors.
__________________________________________________________________________
Wojciech Figna, Krzysztof Pieńkowski
Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław
STEROWANIE WEKTOROWE SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM
Z DWOMA UZWOJENIAMI STOJANA
VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR WITH DUAL STATOR WINDING
Abstract: The paper describes the analysis and control of dual stator winding induction motor. The motor
consists of a stator with two separate three-phase windings shifted by 30 electrical degrees and a standard
squirrel-cage rotor. The two types of mathematical models of dual stator motor are discussed. According to
the first approach the machine is considered as the six-phase machine. This approach is based on using matrix
transformation of phase variables obtained from vector space decomposition theory. According to the second
approach the machine is considered as the machine with two separate three-phase stator windings. In this case
the Park transformation of phase variables is applied. On the base of two obtained mathematical models of
the motor for transformed phase variables the principles of vector control of the motor are developed. The
control methods of dual stator winding induction motor based on FOC and DTC control are considered.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Błaszczyk
ANALIZA CHARAKTERYSTYK TRAKCYJNYCH SILNIKA
LINIOWEGO SYNCHRONICZNEGO WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCEGO
Z PRZEMIENNIKIEM CZĘSTOTLIWOŚCI
THE ANALYSIS OF TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LINEAR
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR COOPERATING WITH FREQUENCY INVERTER
Abstract: The paper concerns of the analysis of traction characteristics of the linear synchronous motor
(LSM) fed from frequency inverter. The conducted examinations served for the quality assessment of the new
type of drive. During attempts and tests of LSM drive was being encumbered with different types of burdens.
Received courses were of help for analysis of the drive in terms of his accuracy and the precision. Analysis
consisted on comparing with oneself individual stages of the move, for the maximum and minimum load. For
every type of the burden a relative error corresponding to the entire sequence of the move was appointed. The
conducted examinations confirmed the superiority of the drive, and agreeable parameters with declared by the
producer. With evidence of it there is a relative error get in the process of calculations, for the maximum load
of the motor, of which the value is on the level 1.5 %.
__________________________________________________________________________
Jan Anuszczyk, Piotr Błaszczyk
STRATEGIE EWOLUCYJNE W OPTYMALIZACJI SILNIKÓW
ZWARTOBIEGUNOWYCH
THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES IN OPTIMIZATION OF SHADED-POLE
MOTORS
Abstract: An optimization module was built on the basis of MATLAB and FEMM packages where the abovedescribed objective function, searching the maximum starting torque in a shaded-pole induction motor, was
implemented. In the process of optimization functions of genetic algorithms introduced in MATLAB [4], were
implemented. Thus, an initial population in the form of six chromosomes was defined. The genetic algorithm
enables to keep an equilibrium between wide research of the solution space and using the solutions found due
to the previous generations of chromosomes. The objective function was defined so that good solutions meeting the pre-set limitations were reproduced and other solutions were rejected by means of a selection method
in every subsequent generation. On completing calculations, the final population was the next initial population until the pre-set convergence of consecutive results was achieved.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Adam Mazurkiewicz, Jan Prokop
Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów
BADANIA SILNIKA BLDC PRZEZNACZONEGO DO LOTNICZEGO
NAPĘDU HYBRYDOWEGO
RESEARCH OF BLDC MOTOR DESIGNED FOR AIRCRAFT HYBRID DRIVE
Abstract: The concept of aircraft hybrid drive (engine – electric motor) was discussed in the paper. Basic
laboratory research results of BLDC motor like dependence on electromagnetic torque and cogging torque vs
rotor position were also included in the paper. Parameters needed for the proper performance of the BLDC
motor in the aircraft hybrid drive were assessed.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Adam Mazurkiewicz, Jan Prokop
BADANIA SYMULACYJNE SILNIKA SKOKOWEGO
RELUKTANCYJNEGO
SIMULATION RESEARCH OF STEPPER RELUCTANCE MOTOR
Abstract: The paper shows the results of a simulation research of the three phase reluctance stepper motor.
The mathematical model of the stepper motor was presented. The simulation model of drive was accomplished
in Matlab/Simulink system. The researches were realized for a full-step and half-step commutations method.
The limit characteristics of the over speed condition for the commutation method described above were determined. Time courses of current, rotary speed and rotor position were presented and the conclusions were enclosed.
__________________________________________________________________________
Tadeusz Glinka, Stanisław Gawron
BOBRME Komel, Katowice
SILNIKI DO NAPĘDÓW PRACUJĄCYCH IMPULSOWO
MOTORS FOR INTERMITTENT DUTY DRIVES
Abstract: Intermittent duty electrical drives are often encountered in military devices. Depending on the drive
function, the motor may run for one or several seconds. One possible choice of motor for such a drive is dc
series motor with mechanical commutator. These motors are very well suited to pulse (intermittent) duty.
However, a major drawback is sparking occurring at large current overloads. Alternatively, these drives may
be equipped with BLDC (brushless dc) motors, characterised by high efficiency, high power density and
torque overload capacity resulting in high operational dynamics.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Bogusz, Mariusz Korkosz, Jan Prokop, Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów
Krzysztof Tomczewski, Krzysztof Wróbel, Politechnika Opolska, Opole
WERYFIKACJA POMIAROWA WYNIKÓW OBLICZEŃ
POLOWYCH SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZEŁĄCZALNEGO
EXPERIMENTAL VERYFICATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR
FIELD CALCULATIONS
Abstract: The paper shows some chosen static characteristics of a switched reluctance motor 8/6 received by
field calculation method. The structure of specialized measurement stand to appoint static characteristics of an
electronic switched motor was discussed. Results of some laboratory measurements for a given researched
SRM motor were included. The results received by field accounts method were compared with the results of
laboratory research and some conclusions were enclosed.
__________________________________________________________________________
Maciej Bogumił
Instytut Elektrotechniki, Warszawa
PORÓWNANIE NAPĘDÓW Z SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM
DWUFAZOWYM I TRÓJFAZOWYM Z LITYM RDZENIEM
WIRNIKA
COMPARISON OF DRIVES WITH TWO-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE
INDUCTION MOTORS WITH SOLID ROTOR CORE
Abstract: The article presents researches results of one-phase drivers equipped with two- and three-phase induction cage motors with solid rotor core. The motors have been constructed on the base of typical three-phase
induction cage motor with two-poles and shaft height 90 mm.
Typical sliced core was removed from shaft and replaced with solid core. The solid rotor was tested in twoand three-phase stators of experimental motors powered from electronic inverter.
There are presented comparative researches results of drivers at continuous work with decreased load due to
highest temperature growth and torques characteristics at different frequency. All comparisons were preformed
for several air gap value.
__________________________________________________________________________
Radosław Machlarz
ANALIZA SYMULACYJNA METOD STEROWANIA WEKTOROWEGO
SYNCHRONICZNEGO SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO
PRZY ZMIENNYM KĄCIE WYMUSZENIA
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE CURRENT ANGLE VECTOR
CONTROL STRATEGIES OF SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTOR
Abstract: The paper, being a continuation of previous work, deals with computer simulations of dynamic performance of vector controlled synchronous reluctance motor with axially laminated anisotropic rotor, operating upon two variable current angle vector control strategies: constant d-axis current component strategy and
constant flux linkage strategy. The simulation model in Matlab-Simulink environment was derived, based on
mathematical model of the motor in d-q rotor coordinates. The simulations results show, that both analyzed
control strategies offer good dynamic response of the motor below base speed, although constant d-axis current component strategy is numerically less complex and appears to be better solution for applications with
low speed and high dynamic demand.
__________________________________________________________________________
Mariusz Korkosz, Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rzeszów
Adrian Młot, Politechnika Opolska, Opole
OGRANICZANIE PULSACJI MOMENTU
ELEKTROMAGNETYCZEGO W BEZSZCZOTKOWYM SILNIKU
PRĄDU STAŁEGO O SKOŚNYCH MAGNESACH
TORQUE RIPPLE REDUCTION BY USING MULTI-SLICE FE MODELLING
OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR WITH SKEWED MAGNETS
Abstract: The intention of this paper is to look at multi-slice two-dimensional finite element modeling of
a brushless DC motor with and without magnet skew. The results obtained are compared with experimental
measurements on a typical machine without skew structure of the magnet. A standard approach to reducing
cogging torque is to skew the magnet structure with respect to the rotor. Alternatively, the stator core can be
skewed as well. This paper will consider the case of magnet skew only. From the finite element analysis (FEA)
results, it shows that the brushless DC motor with 10o magnet skew angle with 5 slices had better performance
than the motor with different values of skew angle. Additionally the difference between a physical machine
with un-skewed magnets and a model of skewed magnet machine are shown.
__________________________________________________________________________
Grzegorz Badowski, Jerzy Hickiewicz, Krystyna Macek-Kamińska, Marcin Kamiński
Wojciech Herman, PGE Elektrownia Opole SA, Brzezie
POŚREDNI POMIAR ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNEGO
MOMENTU SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMEGNETIC
INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE
Abstract: The principle assign of slow variable induction motor torque based on power measurement taken by
motor was briefly presented in the paper. Sample waveforms of motor load torque received of based on registered waveform input power were shown. It seems that in case of high-power driver, which continuously registration electrical quantity such as power or current input is currently often applying, registration of slow variable load torque can be comfortable to assessment of motor work.
__________________________________________________________________________
Maria Dems, Krzysztof Komęza, Jacek Szulakowski
STRATY PODSTAWOWE I DODATKOWE W RDZENIU
WYSOKOOBROTOWYCH
SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH MAŁEJ MOCY
BASIC AND ADDITIONAL CORE LOSSES OF THE HIGH-SPEED SMALL SIZE
INDUCTION MOTORS
Abstract: The paper presents the calculation of the basic and additional core loss of the small size induction
motor supplied from the power network for 50 Hz, and by a voltage-frequency converter for the frequency
changing from 0 to 250 Hz. The calculations were made by use the field - circuit method, as well as by use
known from the literature circuit methods. The calculation results were verified by measurement. Calculations
were performed using the measured characteristics of the specific core losses of the electrical sheets as a function of the flux density and frequency.
__________________________________________________________________________
Vitezslav Hajek, Ondrej Vitek, Hana Kuchynkova
Brno University of Technology, Czechy
STARTER UNIQUE CONCEPTION
ROZRUSZNIK SPECJALNEJ KONCEPCJI
Abstract: Practical operation shows that the overall reliability and durability of vehicles is affected, to large
extent, by the starting characteristics of combustion engine, and also by the power and energy characteristics
of the starting system. The starting system means a starter, electromagnetic switch, and storage battery.
__________________________________________________________________________
Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz1, Krzysztof Krykowski2
Antoni Skoć3, Janusz Hetmańczyk2
1
Megatech Kalety
Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki
3
Politechnika Śląska, Instytut Mechanizacji Górnictwa
2
REZONANS MECHANICZNY
W WYSOKOOBROTOWYM SILNIKU PM BLDC
MECHANICAL RESONANCE IN HIGH-SPEED PM BLDC MOTOR
Abstract: Mechanical resonance problem which occur in high-speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor is
presented in the paper. The authors describe a vibration which appears in motor drive and show calculation
procedure of transverse vibration as a significant part of proper vibration. Laboratory test with prototype highspeed brushless DC motor is presented in the last part of the paper. Waveforms of stator vibration and lines
currents are shown as results of conducted experiment with prototype high-speed brushless DC motor. Laboratory test confirms theoretical analyses.
__________________________________________________________________________
Janusz Hetmańczyk1, Krzysztof Krykowski1,
Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz3, Roman Miksiewicz2, Dawid Makieła1
1
Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki
Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Maszyn i Urządzeń Elektrycznych
3
Megatech Kalety
2
WYSOKOOBROTOWY SILNIK WZBUDZANY
MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI
HIGH-SPEED PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
Abstract: The prototype of high-speed permanent brushless DC motor is presented in the paper. The principle
of operation, control method and construction of high-speed motor are described. Disadvantageous phenomena
appearing in high-speed PM BLDC motor and their methods of limitation during design process are considered. Selected cases of computer analyses and results of laboratory tests are presented in final part of paper.
__________________________________________________________________________
Emil Król, Robert Rossa
ZASTOSOWANIE BLACH ZE STOPÓW KOBALTOWOśELAZOWYCH W MASZYNACH Z MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI
APPLICATION OF METAL ALLOY COBALT-IRON SHEETS
IN MOTORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS
Abstract: The article discusses the magnetic properties of magnetic cores for the three motor type PMSM 2p
= 8 These cores have the same geometry of stator and rotor electrical steel sheet, and different type of steel
used. In first core using the standard sheet type M330-50A. In two successive cores using modern electrical
steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy. In two successive cores using modern electrical steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy type
Vacoflux50. The first core is made of electrical steel sheet without annealing, the second was annealed according to the manufacturer requires. For each core in addition to two winding coil wound measurement was
performed using the comparative tests of cores. Based on the study can be clearly observed from the stator
made of cobalt-iron alloy without annealing not suitable for the build of motors magnetic circuits. The parameters of this material are changed completely after the annealing process, which is shown on the submitted
characteristics. Magnetic properties of cobalt-iron alloy after annealed are significantly improving, greatly
exceeding the parameters of a standard electrical sheet.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Chudzik, Andrzej Radecki
STABILIZACJA NAPIĘCIA POŚREDNICZĄCEGO
FALOWNIKOWYCH UKŁADÓW NAPĘDOWYCH
VOLTAGE SUPPLY STABILIZATION FOR MOTOR DRIVE CONVERTER
Abstract: Modern methods of motor drives control are ought to be high precision and quality. This quality is
achieved through a rapid and accurate realization of given electromagnetic torque which is insensitive to inverter voltage changes. As a result of using such control methods, a whole system can be considered as an
element on constant power for constant angular velocity of the rotor, which leads to occurrence of negative
admittance in presence of voltage changes. When an inverter input filter has a high inductance value, negative
admittance leads to the excitation of input filter voltage oscillations, whose amplitude often exceeds 50% of
nominal voltage. Such a perturbations of inverter voltage can lead to unstable work of electric drive or to damaging one of the inverter elements. The article outlined a method for stabilizing an inverter voltage, through an
additional admitance which compensates an unstable component of system. Theoretical considerations and
practical algorithm are included. As confirmation of the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm, article
contains computer simulation, tests and results.
__________________________________________________________________________
Mariusz Jagieła
NOWE POLOWO-ZORIENTOWANE ŚRODOWISKO
KOMPUTEROWE DO OBLICZEŃ KONSTRUKCYJNYCH
KLATKOWYCH SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH
NEW FIELD-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT FOR
COMPUTER-ASSISTED DESIGN OF INDUCTION MACHINES
Abstract: This paper describes an environment for computer assisted design of three-phase squirrel cage
induction machines. The finite element method is used as a computational technique to appropriately account
for detailed geometrical properties, skew, material nonlinearity and deep-bar effect. It enables determination of
all electromagnetic quantities that are usually of interest of designers of electrical machines directly from the
model. Besides of that it contains module for design optimization. The design of experiment is used as
a principal optimization technique. Sample results including measurements and the results of optimization are
presented.
__________________________________________________________________________
Zbigniew Goryca, Politechnika Radomska, Radom
Mariusz Malinowski, Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa
PRĄDNICA DO MAŁEJ BEZPRZEKŁADNIOWEJ
ELEKTROWNI WIATROWEJ
GENERATOR FOR SMALL GEARLESS WIND POWER PLANT
Abstract: The paper presents design of generator for small gearless wind power plant. It is multi-pole machine, whose cogging torque has been minimized through the application of odd number of stator teeth. Designing calculations of flat model of generator were carried out with the use of package COMSOL Multiphysics v3.3 using finite element method. The simulation result shows negligible value of cogging torque for such
solution. The generator has low mass at the power of 6kW and the speed of 150 rev/min.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Zientek, Roman Niestrój
WPŁYW USZKODZEŃ KLATKI WIRNIKA NA WARTOŚĆ NAPIĘĆ
I PRĄDÓW WAŁOWYCH W SILNIKACH INDUKCYJNYCH
INFLUENCE OF SQUIRREL CAGE FAULTS ON SHAFT VOLTAGE
AND CURRENTS VALUES IN INDUCTION MOTORS
Abstract: The paper presents initial results of laboratory investigations. These results emphasize the intensification of the phenomena connected with bearing currents flow at different rotor cage damages. In the section 3
is presented the influence of rotor cage damages on the shaft voltage value. The subject of these studies was a
low power induction motor (fig. 3), taking into consideration easiness and low costs of necessary modernization of it. On the figure 4 is presented the diagram of the shaft voltage and current measurement system. The
measurements results are presented on the figures 10, 11, 12. Conclusions drawn from laboratory researches
are presented in chapter 4.
__________________________________________________________________________
163
Tomasz Mnich
WYKRYWANIE ZAGROśEŃ TERMICZNYCH W SILNIKACH
INDUKCYJNYCH ZA POMOCĄ METODY ZASTĘPCZYCH
SCHEMATÓW CIEPLNYCH
DETECTING THERMAL HAZARDS OF INDUCTION MOTORS USE
OF THERMAL EQUIVALENT DIAGRAMS
Abstract: The paper presents make us method of thermal equivalent diagrams to detecting thermal hazards of
induction motors. Author presents principle of operation thermal protection Sepam 1000 and compare them
with method protection induction motor, base on thermal equivalent diagrams. Results of computer calculations and practice measurements was presented.
__________________________________________________________________________
Filip Kutt, Mieczysław Ronkowski
Politechnika Gdańska, Gdańsk
KONCEPCJA I SYMULACJA POLOWA GENERATORA
O ZMIENNEJ CZĘSTOTLIWOŚCI. ZASTOSOWANIE W
AUTONOMICZNYCH SYSTEMACH ELEKTROENERGETYCZNYCH
CONCEPTION AND FIELD SIMULATIONS OF A VARIABLE FREQUENCY
GENERATOR. APPLICATION FOR AUTONOMOUS POWER GENERATION
SYSTEM
Abstract: This paper covers a conception and simulation results for a brushless synchronous generator working with variable speed in an autonomous energy generation system (e.g. airplane power grid, hybrid vehicle,
micro-CHP). The papers has two parts: presentation of the generator conception used in modern autonomous
energy generation systems, and simulation results using filed model elaborated in Flux2D software. The obtained simulation results have proved that the assumed generator topology and electromagnetic loading are
adequate for the required generator performance parameters.
__________________________________________________________________________
Tomasz Wolnik
ANALIZA KOSZTÓW UKŁADU KOGENERACYJNEGO
Z SILNIKIEM SPALINOWYM DIESLA
ANALYSIS OF THE COSTS OF COGENERATION WITH DIESEL ENGINE
Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the profitability of the installation of cogeneration systems with
the use of Diesel engines. Considered are two types of work for cogeneration systems: work for electricity
systems and work for a company’s needs. For both cases, a balance of profits and losses has been developed.
Using the energy balance approach compares the amount of fuel used by the engine for various types of fuels.
In accordance with the definition of biomass, where the fuel for diesel engines is either vegetable oil or used
vegetable oil, generated electricity can be regarded as energy derived from renewable sources and thus the
relevant certificates could be sold as “green energy”.
__________________________________________________________________________
Andrzej Białas
BADANIE POŁĄCZENIA WCISKOWEGO POMIĘDZY
WAŁEM A TULEJĄ SILNIKA TYPU SPM ZASTOSOWANEGO
W NAPĘDZIE SAMOCHODÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH
RESEARCH OF INTERFERENCE JOINT BETWEEN SHAFT AND SLEEVE OF
THE ELECTRIC MOTOR TYPE SPM USED AS A DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Abstract: The paper contains research of stresses occurrence on cylindrical surface of interference joint between shaft and sleeve of rotor used as a drive for electric cars. This article presents comparison analytic
method with advanced program finite element method (FEM). This program uses to research of load capacity
interference joint when we impose a load to the sleeve.
__________________________________________________________________________
Tadeusz Glinka, Emil Król, Tomasz Wolnik
MODEL POLOWY BEZRDZENIOWEJ MASZYNY TARCZOWEJ
FIELD MODEL OF CORELESS AXIAL FLUX MACHINES
Abstract: A very interesting construction of disc-type machines are coreless machines. Because there is no
core in the stator this type of axial flux machines doesn’t have a cogging torque, iron losses or eddy current.
Axial flux machines are construction, which requires to make a 3D model. Presented in this paper are 3D field
models of coreless axial flux machines, which map a prototype of the machine made. Demonstrated are methods of modeling particular elements and parameters of machines.
__________________________________________________________________________
Stanisław Rawicki, Jacek Koczorowski, Marcin Nowak
Politechnika Poznańska, Poznań
Radosław Mirski, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy, Poznań
ANALIZA AKUSTYCZNEGO WIDMA TRÓJFAZOWEGO SILNIKA
INDUKCYJNEGO PRZY USZKODZENIACH UZWOJENIA
STOJANA
ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC SPECTRUM OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR AT STATOR WINDING DAMAGES
Abstract: The paper concerns the diagnostics of windings defects in three-phase induction motors basing on
the electric machine noise analysis. With the help of the computer software, the acoustic spectrum was analysed and the dominant diagnostic harmonics of noise of the three-phase slip-ring induction motor have been
determined. The failures of the following type: the internal shorting between two phases and the short-circuit
of the stator coil have been investigated. The problem of the increase of the damage degree was also analysed.
Within the framework of the comparative diagnostic methodics, the properties and parameters of the
symmetrical three-phase induction motor are the basis for a state valuation of the electrical machine. It was
illustrated that the change of the acoustic spectrum can give information about the technical state of the motor.
The interesting methodology of noise research consists in investigations for frequencies of a wide range. All
presented in this paper measurements have been done for the three-phase induction slip-ring motor placed on
the work-stand.
Paweł Pistelok
ROZWIĄZANIA KONSTRUKCYJNE UZWOJEŃ Z BEZPOŚREDNIM
CHŁODZENIEM WODNYM
STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS TO WINDINGS WITH DIRECT WATER COOLING
Abstract: The paper deals with the structural solutions to windings of stators with the direct water-cooling.
203
Structures with the different degree intensity of cooling were showed. A discussed advantages and
disadvantages of windings with direct water-cooling. This paper give information about problems which
should be taken into account during design process new machine with direct water cooling. The paper
describes also corrosion properties of water which have influence on the system of chilling.
__________________________________________________________________________
Włodzimierz Zieliński
BŁĘDY W POMIARACH PROCESÓW ISKRZENIOWYCH
KOMUTATOROWYCH MASZYN PRĄDU STAŁEGO
THE ERRORS IN THE MEASUREMENT
OF D.C. COMMUTATOR MACHINES SPARKING PROCESSES
Abstract: The computer system connection with a sparking analiser enabled the evaluation of the brush-commutator sparking junction in reference to a particular portion of the commutator. To assess the sparking
some mathematical indicators were applied, which reflect light signals. The measurements results of the conducted research are always different from the real figures. The physical figures measurements are capable to
establish only the estimates which contain errors. In this article an attempt to a discussion of the errors committed at conducting the measurements by means of the opto-electronic method was presented.
__________________________________________________________________________
Piotr Kisielewski, Ludwik Antal
Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław
BADANIE STABILNOŚCI TURBOGENERATORA PRZY ZMIANACH
OBCIĄśENIA
RESEARCH OF TURBOGENERATOR STABILITY FOR LOAD CHANGES
Abstract: This paper presents two-dimensional field-circuit model of 500 MVA turbogenerator. Model
is designed to calculate static and dynamic characteristics of machine. During solving field equations real
physical characteristics of materials, configuration of windings, damper circuit and motion elements
in electromagnetic field are taken into account. In circuit part there is an electrical scheme. The electrical elements correspond with winding in the field model. Parameters of frontal connections are included. The model
was applied to calculate stator currents, magnetic torque and rotor speed in case of sudden power increase.
__________________________________________________________________________
Rafał Setlak, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice
Przemysław Kuś
Badawczy Ośrodek Samochodów MałolitraŜowych BOSMAL, Bielsko-Biała
REGULACJA TEMPERATURY CIECZY CHŁODZĄCEJ
W UKŁADZIE NAPĘDOWYM MILD HYBRID
TEMPERATURE REGULATION OF COOLING WATER IN MILD HYBRID
DRIVE SYSTEM
Abstract: : Article describes project of automatic, preheating engine block system, which enable shortening of
duration of fuel injection after starting combustion engine. It will cause reduction of air pollution during catalyst heating-up phase. The automatic, preheating engine block system should have electric regulation of cooling water temperature, which is realized by electric cooling water pump. Independent control of pump speed
and application extra heating-up of cooling water makes possible heating cooling water when engine is turn off
and control engines temperature during engine running (admission of increase temperature to 110˚C).
__________________________________________________________________________
Rafał Setlak, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice
Przemysław Kuś
Badawczy Ośrodek Samochodów MałolitraŜowych BOSMAL, Bielsko-Biała
BADANIA CIEPLNE SILNIKA SPALINOWEGO SAMOCHODU
OSOBOWEGO W ASPEKCIE ZASTOSOWANIA SYSTEMU
NAPĘDOWEGO MILD HYBRID
THERMAL ANALYSIS IN COMBUSTION ENGINE COOLING CAR SYSTEM
FOR USING MILD HYBRID DRIVE
Abstract: : Main goal of article was project of automatic, preheating engine block system, which enable
shortening duration of fuel injection after starting combustion engine. It will cause reduction of air pollution
during catalyst heating-up phase. The automatic, preheating engine block system should have electric regulation of cooling water temperature, which is realized by electric cooling water pump. Independent control of
pump speed and application extra heating-up of cooling water makes possible heating cooling water when engine is turn off and control engines temperature during engine running (admission of increase temperature to
110˚C). Within the framework of this work, there have been done calculations, measurements and researches
whose aim was to determine the real parameters of cooling system structure for researched engine Fiat Palio
Weekend 1,2 8V. Temperature measurements have been done with the help of camera ThermaCam T400 Flir
and thermocouples PT 100 whereas flow rate measurements have been done with the help of turbine flowmeter Vision 2008 4F 22 with Hall’s converter. Measurements was repeated several times to get reliable results. The carried out measurements allowed us to create thermal maps and flow rate characteristics of researched engines.
__________________________________________________________________________
Rafał Setlak, Arnold Gałązka
UKŁAD STOP & GO W SYSTEMIE NAPĘDOWYM MILD HYBRID
SAMOCHODU OSOBOWEGO
STOP&GO IN MILD HYBRID PASSANGER CAR DRIVE SYSTEM
Abstract: : Main goal of article was design, develop and control of Stop&Go system in Mild Hybrid Drive
using supercondensator and starter with permanent magnets. Many researches and tests were done to determine real and then representative cycles of drive in Silesian agglomeration in Gliwice and Zabrze. Road researches enabled carrying out analysis of fluidity of traffic in cities and setting a percentage shares of movement micro stages (selected accelerations, driving with constant speed, braking, stopover)
Researches of usefulness of supercondensators’ system as an energy source in process of starting an internal
combustion engine were done. Usage of supercondensators as an energy source of starting led to improvement
of economic indicators of the Stop & Go system. Supercondensator has a 1000 times bigger durability than
PbPbO2 battery with around 40 times smaller mass.
Researchers of real characteristics of the car Fiat Palio Weekend 1,2 8V were done for calculations of traditional characteristics The Stop & Go system was designed and produced for this vehicle
A starter, which will have NeFeB magnets built in stator instead of induction winding, was designed. A modernization of the starter is necessary because of different type of working – frequent starting of the internal
combustion engine. A project of the Stop & Go system was carried out in the Fiat Palio car a project of the
Stop & Go system for Mild Hybrid drive and verification of correctness of working has been carried out in the
Fiat Palio car
__________________________________________________________________________
Rafał Setlak, Maciej Krzyszkowski
ELEKTRYCZNY HAMULEC POSTOJOWY HILL HOLDER
W SAMOCHODZIE OSOBOWYM
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE HILL-HOLDER IN PASSENGER CAR
Abstract: The paper describes design and build the model of the Electric Parking Brake in automobiles. The
Microprocessor Control System of the Hill-Holder brake shall be equipped with self-locking feature when it
detects a vehicle stop and tilt (front of the car is higher than the rear). The system should automatically let go
of the brake when starting the vehicle, and should provide an opportunity for traditional, hand-brake control of
the rear axle. The system is designed to enable the driver on a hill to start without a risk of rolling back.
This article consists of two parts, the first one describes the theoretical behavior of the selected vehicle during
braking or starting on a hill, and the concept of integration of the Hill-Holder and ABS in the Fiat Panda. Implementation of the Hill-Holder system with the ABS controller of the Fiat Panda may be a cheaper alternative
to the Hill Holder system of the Fiat Group combined with the ASR,
The practical section consists of design and build of the microprocessor Hill-Holder system for automobiles;
the driver consists of typical wheel speed sensor to inform the driver about actual speed, typical throttle position sensor or the accelerator position sensor so the driver could read car driver’s intensions and let go of the
brake in the right time, inclination sensor of the vehicle body (MEMSIC's MXD2020ML) to define if the actual inclination requires the Hill-Holder brake to be activated, additional signals from the ignition switch and
brake light switch, executive motor with permanent magnets and planetary transmission, measuring systems to
control if the system is working properly. Ddriver system based on ATMEL’s microcontroller ATmega8.
__________________________________________________________________________
Henryk Banach
OPTYMALIZACJA SPRAWNOŚCI SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO
Z ZASTOSOWANIEM KRYTERIUM MINIMALNEGO PRĄDU
STOJANA
EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
USING THE CRITERION OF MINIMAL STATOR CURRENT
Abstract: Control strategy which optimized efficiency of induction motor can function using many different
criteria. One of they is the criterion of minimal stator current. On the bases of laboratory tests as well as theoretical analysis it was proven that an equivalent criterion of the minimum of total losses was a criterion of the
minimal stator current. Laboratory tests were conducted with using the squirrel-cage induction motor about the
power PN =1,1 kW and the rotation speed nN =1415 rev/min. Control strategy of efficiency optimization which
use the criterion of minimal stator current would be straightest in the technical realization. Unfortunately, time
of investigation would be for minimal value of stator current enough rather long. This process would be disturbed and extended by stochastic changes of supplying parameters and stochastic changes of motor load.
Barbara Górnicka, Lech Górecki
Instytut Elektrotechniki, Wrocław
CHARAKTERYSTYKA ELEKTROIZOLACYJNEGO LAKIERU
NASYCAJĄCEGO O ULEPSZONYCH WŁAŚCIWOŚCIACH
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMPREGNATING VARNISH WITH IMPROVED
PROPERTIES
Abstract: The results of investigation under developing modern “corona resistant” impregnating varnishes are
presented. The better properties, especially improved resistance to pulse voltage coming from PWM inverter
was achieved by incorporation of nanofiller to standard polyestroimide varnish using the special elaborated
procedure. The nanocomposite varnish shows the durability under pulse voltage above 20 times longer
compared to the standard varnish and also the better bond strength, lesser water absorption and high thermal
endurance. The discussion of phenomena that appeared in the nanostructured material is also presented.
__________________________________________________________________________
Maria J. Zielińska, Wojciech G. Zieliński
OPRACOWANIE ALGORYTMÓW REGULACJI NAPIĘCIA
ZASILANIA WYSOKOOBROTOWYCH SILNIKÓW KLATKOWYCH
CELEM ZAPEWNIENIA ZADANEGO MOMENTU KRYTYCZNEGO
LUB ROZRUCHOWEGO
DEVELOPING ALGORITHMS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
OF SQUIRREL-CAGE HIGH-SPEED MOTORS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN
THE GIVEN BREAKDOWN OR STARTING TORQUE
Abstract: Obtaining a high value of the breakdown or starting torque in an asynchronous motor is a very important issue from the point of view of improving its operational properties. These values can be determined
based on data of a typical equivalent scheme. This refers to motors without the skin effect in the cage bar or
those in which the phenomenon has been omitted.
In a high-speed motor, the phenomena of core saturation and skin effect influence the parameters of the
equivalent scheme, which are not constant values and depend on the frequency of supply voltage and the value
of the current in the bar of the rotor's cage. In consequence, an equivalent scheme valid for classic motors
should not be used for analysis of the performance of a high-speed motor.
Based on an equivalent scheme which takes into account the influence of frequency on its parameters, the article describes how supply voltage was selected in order to guarantee the preservation of the given breakdown
or starting torque. The calculations were made for three motors representing low, medium and high power
machines.
__________________________________________________________________________
Maria J. Zielińska, Wojciech G. Zieliński
METODA WYZNACZANIA POŚLIZGOWYCH CHARAKTERYSTYK
ADMITANCJI WYSOKOOBROTOWEGO SILNIKA KLATKOWEGO
A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SLIPPING CHARACTERISTICS
OF AMITTANCE OF A SQUIRREL-CAGE HIGH-SPEED MOTOR
Abstract: High speed squirrel-cage induction motors are supplied with a high frequency voltage ranging from
400 to 1500Hz. The highest frequencies, i.e., the highest rotation speeds, arise from technological needs and
are limited by manufacturing possibilities. These motors have a structure and electromagnetic properties that
differentiate them from classic machines. In particular, they are distinguished by the high frequency of supply
voltage, intensive cooling introduced to reduce the size of the motor, and closed rotor slots used to minimize
vibrations and noise.
The paper presents how slip characteristics of admittance of a squirrel-cage motor were determined on the
basis of laboratory measurements conducted with current of variable frequency. This characteristic is the
geometric locus of motor admittance with the slip ranging from + ∞ to − ∞ and an assumed constant frequency of supply voltage. The image of these characteristics differs considerably from a typical pie chart and
it evidences the differences in electromagnetic properties in comparison with typical induction motors.
Changes in the current in the slot causes a varying state of saturation and thus rotor leakage inductance is not
a constant parameter.
__________________________________________________________________________
Barbara Kulesz, Marcin Fice, Rafał Setlak
OGRANICZANIE ZUśYCIA PALIWA W MODUŁOWYM
HYBRYDOWYM UKŁADZIE NAPĘDOWYM SAMOCHODU
REDUCTION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN MODULAR HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE DRIVE
Abstract: The paper describes initial stages of designing Modul Hybrid drive system. This type of drive uses
traditional electric unit consisting of battery, starter and alternator. This system, appropriately adapted, for instance by increasing its overall rated power and supplementing it with novel energy control procedures, may
operate in a manner similar to hybrid car drives. A supercapacitor will be introduced as a new component, its
role is to operate as energy accumulator for IC engine start-ups. Automobile Stop & Go System in Modul Hybrid Drive makes it possible to switch off IC engine automatically when vehicle stops (e.g. at red light or in
traffic hold-ups) and then to switch it on quickly again. This action makes it possible to decrease fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission, particularly in towns. Results of supercapacitor performance during IC
engine start-ups are presented in this paper. Energy consumption at start-up has been calculated together with
start-up time. Magnetti Marelli-Denso E80E car starter used in Fiat Palio has been used in tests, this starter is
rated at 12 V 1,0 kW. Several tens of IC engines start-ups were conducted, with starter supplied from traditional standard lead-acid battery (Centra Futura 055 290, C20 = 55Ah); next, similar tests were run using supercapacitor (MAXWELL BPAK 15V 58F.).
__________________________________________________________________________
Roman Miksiewicz
MODELOWANIE POLOWE SILNIKÓW JEDNOFAZOWYCH
Z KONDENSATOREM ROBOCZYM O PRZEŁĄCZALNYCH
UZWOJENIACH
FIELD MODELLING OF SINGLE PHASE CAPACITOR MOTOR
WITH TAPPED WINDINGS
Abstract: The paper presents results of field calculations for a single phase capacitor motor with tapped stator
windings. The Sh71-2A motor magnetic circuit windings for two speeds were designed. The 2D computational
motor model was worked out and calculations of the motor transient state during starting were performed. The
quasi-static motor characteristics for two connection systems were determined. Computation results of the
starting torque as a function of the rotor position at the locked rotor are presented. The static characteristics
computed are compared with the measurement results of a prototype motor.
__________________________________________________________________________
Dukalski Piotr
SILNIK BLDC Z MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI JAKO NAPĘD WÓZKA
INWALIDZKIEGO
BLDC MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS AS DRIVE
FOR A WHEELCHAIR
Abstract: This article describes main problems of geared drives in low rating vehicles. It also shows advantages and posibilities of using PM BLDC motors as gearless drives in vehicles. The considered project of a
brushless motor with permanent magnets is an example of such a solution in electrical drives. In the article
author writes about attributs of the motor and recommends it as electrical drive. The described attributes concern not only electromagnetic topics but also mechanical like for example shape of the motor or the construction. The electrical motor is designed to fix inside each of the two wheelchair’s wheels. There is no gear
boxes between the motors and the wheels. The article presents problems of theoretical projecting and their
solutions and results of laboratory tests conducted on the real produced motor. Pictures of 3D model of considered BLDC motor and pictures of the real produced motor are essential part of the article.
__________________________________________________________________________
Marian Noga, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków
Lesław Gołębiowski, Marek Gołębiowski, Damian Mazur
AUTOTRANSFORMATOR W ZASILANIU WIELOPULSOWYCH
UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – WYBÓR UKŁADU DO BADAŃ
AUTOTRANSFORMER FEEDING MULTI PULSE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS –
CHOOSING THE CIRCUIT TO STUDY
Abstract: Some uncontrolled 18-pulse rectifier circuits feeding by autotransformer were presented in this
article. Using simplified methods, excluding leakage inductance, the analysis of this circuits was carried out
considering harmonic currents and usage of autotransformer power. As it turned out, simplified results are
comparable with exact results, obtained using the simulation of the full circuit with autotransformer
inductance. The only exception were mains currents of this circuits and specially their THD coefficient. High
level of the 3rd harmonic current in the autotransformer winding shows that additional windings connected in
triangle should be used. This article is the first one out of four articles presented at this Seminar.
__________________________________________________________________________
UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – METODY OBLICZANIA
JEGO INDUKCYJNOŚCI PRZY ZASILANIU PRĄDOWYM
METHODS OF ITS INDUCTANCE CALCULATION AT CURRENT FEED
Abstract: Autotransformers used for feeding rectifier circuits are multi-windings and with three columns.
Rectifier simulations require leakage inductance matrix of the autotransformer. The methods of leakage
inductance calculation of the autotransformers at constant current feed was presented in this article. Method of
one 2D window cross section, two 2D windows cross section, and 3D method were discussed. These methods
require various software and they have various hardware requirements, but their results are different from each
other. This article shows that the reason for the differences among individual elements of leakage inductance
matrix, obtained using different calculation methods, are various influences from the main magnetic circuit
and differences in zero component. Influences from the main magnetic circuit in the leakage are not dangerous
for simulation, because their high values already exist in main magnetic circuit. However it is important to
improve eigenvalues of the zero components. The article shows how to improve these eigenvalues. This article
is the second one out of four articles presented at this Seminar.
__________________________________________________________________________
UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – METODY OBLICZANIA
JEGO INDUKCYJNOŚCI PRZY ZASILANIU NAPIĘCIOWYM
METHODS OF ITS INDUCTANCE CALCULATION AT VOLTAGE FEED
Abstract: 3D finite element method was used in this article to calculate inductance matrix of the
autotransformer, divided into eigenvectors [W] and eigenvalues [D]. The autotransformer windings were
powered by monoharmonic voltages. This method, as an equivalent of the short circuit tests, is more suitable
for calculating small values of leakage inductance. The equivalent are here the methods which are using
feeding the autotransformer windings by fixed currents (it is equivalent of the idle running tests). The
relationship between autotransformer inductance matrix and ripple was obtained. It appeared, that eigenvectors
matrix of the inductance matrix of the autotransformer is almost independent from the ripple, and its elements
are real numbers. It was treated as transformation matrix: flux linkages - windings currents flows. Relation
from the ripple of the eigenvalues of inductance matrix was synthesized by means of ladder circuits. As a
result the exact substitute diagram of the autotransformer was obtained. This article is the third one out of four
articles presented at this Seminar.
__________________________________________________________________________
UKŁADÓW PROSTOWNIKOWYCH – SYMULACJE I POMIARY
SYMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS
Abstract: Eigenvalues and corresponding to them eigenvectors of the inductance matrix of the multiwindings, three columns autotransformer were presented in this article. The attention was paid to the role of
these moods, especially leakage and constant component one, in autotransformer feeding 18-pulse rectifier
circuit. The influence of the windings order at the magnetic core columns on THD coefficient of the mains
currents of this circuit was presented. The measurements was taken of builded 50 kW model of the circuit, and
then they were compared with simulation results. The influence of eigenvalues of autotransformer inductance
matrix on THD coefficient of the mains currents and on the load characteristic was studied. The effect of the
6th harmonic existence in RL load voltage of the circuit was explained.
__________________________________________________________________________
Stanisław Gawron
SILNIK KLATKOWY Z WAŁEM DRĄśONYM PRZEZNACZONY
DO ZABUDOWY W MASZYNIE TECHNOLOGICZNEJ
HOLLOW SHAFT CAGE MOTOR INTENDED FOR MACHINE
ASSEMBLY IN PROCESS ENGINEERING
Abstract: Electric motor which will be assembled into any machine used in process engineering must meet
definite design and drive requirements. Issues related to design of cage induction motor to be used in machine
manufacturing of concrete pillars are discussed in this paper. We have decided to fulfill specified requirements
by designing a motor with number of pole pairs p=1, but using steel laminations designed previously for motor
with p=2 pole pairs. This conception has proved to be satisfactory, since the motor meets the technical demands. Motor design and actual test parameters are set out in Table 1.
__________________________________________________________________________
Jerzy Bakalarczyk
PROBLEMY PRACY SILNIKÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH ZASILANYCH
Z UKŁADÓW PRZEMIENNIKOWYCH
THE PROBLEMS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS FED BY CONVERTERS SYSTEMS
Abstract: In the present time, in industry, one is using a lot of power converters systems for the work with
AC electric motor drives. They have various applications: pumps, compressors, fans, grinding machine
drives, and so on. Also in this time much of them are in household and industrial HVACs. Depending on
application, one make those drives various requirements: high level of efficiency, noiseless work, wide range
of motor speed, e.t.c.. In these systems however, important also remains phenomenon of influence of the
inverters output on theirs motors work. This paper is connected with the subject. Author of the article has
presented the problems making classifications of these phonemes and he done their analysis in further part of
this work. This paper is completed by the conclusions after analysis of above discussed phonemes.

wielopoziomowy falownik w zastosowaniu do silnika

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