IMIĘ NAZWISKO

CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING REPORTS
No. 4
2010
WATER MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATION IN THE
LUBIN-GŁOGÓW CUPRIFEROUS BASIN
Urszula Kołodziejczyk
University of Zielona Góra
Abstract: The Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin is an area of intensive mining exploitation. The four active underground copper mines are: “Lubin”, “Polkowice”, “Sieroszowice” and “Rudna”. In work are characterised topical states of hydrogeological conditions and are showed the directions of further protecting activities against hydrogeological degradation of this region. The mine-works progress, threats of water conditions and
deposit’s exploitation costs are dependent on the excess of the mineralized mine waters
development method. The main purpose of all activities should be prevention of the
ground and surface-waters against salinization. In this article drainage methods applied
in copper mine and hydrogeological conditions changes caused by mining exploitation
and deposit drainage were described. The purpose of research is to show hydrogeological threat which may be result of natural resources exploitation and to point at ways how
to counteract these processes. Watering of natural resources deposits is an important
economic problem so it requires suitable mining technology and proper water management application. Drainage of mine is most frequently made gravitationally or by mechanical pumping of water from each mine section.
Key words: natural resources exploitation, drainage, water management
1. INTRODUCTION
The mining areas of the Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin (Fig. 1) occupying
409,4 km2 and the area under mining-works influence – 461,9 km2. The copper
ores are lying in the Permian limestone layer of the Afore-Sudety-Monocline.
In this geological unit two hydrogeological complexes are assigned:
- Cenozoic, including porous sediments of the Tertiary and Quaternary, 300400 m depth of burial,
- Triassic-Permian, presenting fissure- and karst-waters in the spotted sandstone formation, 1000 m depth of burial.
Because the mining works in the Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin many
changes of the natural environment have occurred, i.e: geodynamical and seis-
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mic occurrences development, landscape changes, air- and soil-pollution, threats
of sedateness of builder’s objects etc., the exploitation caused also the essential
changes in the hydrogeological conditions.
Commentary: 1. mine-areas border, 2. mine-shaft, 3. river-reception areas border, 4. afterflotation-wastes reservoir “Żelazny Most”, 5. after-flotation-wastes reservoir “Gilów”, 6. fillingsand open-pit, 7. reach of the water degradation around “Żelazny Most” reservoir, 8. reach of the
water degradation around “Gilów” reservoir, 9. reach of the depression crater in the Permian limestone water layer, 10. reach of the depression crater in the Tertiary water layer, 11. troughs of
the subsidences
Fig. 1. Outline of the mine-areas of the Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin
2. THE MINES INUNDATION
The hydrogeological conditions of the exploitation [Bocheńska 1988, Kleczkowski A. et. al. 1990, Kołodziejczyk 2009] are mainly determined by the Permian water level (Permian limestone – P2), Triassic (spotted sandstone – Tp)
and Tertiary (Oligocene – Tr) – Fig. 2. With respect of hydrogeological conditions, the Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin was divided in a strong inundated
southern part and weakly inundated northern part. The difference in the inundation between both parts is as 1:250. Considerable changes of the hydrogeological
conditions are noted also in vertical section. The highest water bearing is con-
WATER MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATION …
113
nected with the P2 layer – 500-600 m b.s.l. According to the deepness, the water
mineralization and chemism are changing.
The average water mineralization in the southern Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous
Basin’s part is 4,1 g/dm3 and in the northern Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin’s
part is 150 g/dm3, what is connected with chlorides content increase.
3. THE HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS CHANGES
CAUSED BY MINING DRAINAGE
The long-term mining drainage caused hydrogeological changes [Gurwin 1977;
Gurwin Poprawski 1988; Markiewicz , Fiszer, Kalisz, Czmiel 2004). In the
Permian limestone layer followed the reduction in the levels of water cavities
(850-950 m deeper), depression crater radius achieved 55 km (Fig. 2) and drainage area achieved about 800 km2. The regional reduction in the levels of water
cavities in the both layers: spotted sandstone and Tertiary layer achieved a maximal value 235 m, and drainage area was estimated about 1000 km2. In the other
water bearing layers the drainage effects were considerable smaller.
Commentary: 1. border of the water bearing complexes of the bed and overburden, 2. faults, 3.
drillings, Q – Quaternary, Tr – Tertiary, Tp – Triassic period, P2 and P1 – Permian period
Fig. 2. The geological section across the water bearing layers
of the Afore-Sudety-Monocline
At this time leaded piezometric observations are shown, that hydrodynamical
relations in the drainage mines localities are not stable till yet. During the long-
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term mines drainage was carried away from the orogenic belt about 550-million
m3 of water (Fig. 3). It is estimated, that till the end of mining exploitation will
be carried away additionally about 1 billion m3 of water (Fig. 4). As the result of
this activity will be observed the reduction in the piezometric water level in the
all water bearing layers of the Afore-Sudety-Monocline, excluded Quaternary
and top-Tertiary layers.
Fig. 3. Pumped away water quantities from the Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin mines
in the following years (on the vertical axis: water inflows from the orogenic belt - million m3/year)
Fig. 4. Forecasting sums of the water inflows from the orogenic belt [m3/min.] in the
years 1991-2056
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It in relationship with exploitation of copper in Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin, in summers 1966 it "Polkowice II" – 2005 of mining area was accompanied
was about 373, 7 million m3 of water, and from mining area " the Sieroszowice
And" – about 11,6 million m3 of water [Markiewicz 1999, Markiewicz, Fiszer,
Kalisz, Czmiel 2004]. The largest, caused with dehydration of mine, depression
stepped out in western part of area "Polkowice II" so far and the podwęglowych
of works be connected with dehydration Paleogene (Oligocene).
4. THE SUBSIDENCE OF THE TERRAIN-SURFACE
As an effect of the mines drainage was observed the subsidence of the terrainsurface and formation of the wide trough of the subsidences. The biggest subsidences were observed in the southern part of Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin,
where were noted the subsidental zones with depth from 300 to 650mm. However these subsidences caused not the general changes in the water relations of the
Quaternary water bearing level. Only locally was observed the accumulation of
the stagnated water in the formed subsidences.
5. THE INFLUENCE OF THE AFTER-FLOTATION-WASTERESERVOIRS
The excess of the mine-technological waters originated during the exploitation
and deposit processing is gathered in the after-flotation-waste-reservoirs:
“Żelazny Most” and “Gilów” and next successive carried out to the Odra-river.
These reservoirs are constantly danger for the water environment, caused the
infiltration of the saline waters to the fresh ground- and surface-waters.
The main terms for the environment degradation prevention, when the water is
carried out to the river is strictly compliance with good proportion between salined water quantity and water flow in the river. Thanks this the water salinity
limits in the river will be not exceeded.
Farm implements mine waters is large problem. The specific of conditions the
hydrogeologically in mine of copper "Polkowice-Sieroszowice” creates the
threat for led here the mining works and the use of suitable techniques of draining extorts. For example, in III quarter 2005 r. throw open in this mine robots be
led in II and III degree of water threat, however the exploational robots - mainly
in and the degree of water threat.
Intensity hydrogeological process did not undergo in last changes 15 practically;
the tributary of water to mining excavations in mining area "Polkowice II” carried out the average 23,29 m3 / the faces, and in mining area " the Sieroszowice”
- 0,5 m3 / the faces to 0,9 m3 / min. Showed he deciding the stabilized character:
2002 r. - 25,5 m3 / min., 2003 r. - 25,7 m3 / min., 2004 r. - 23,1 m3 / min., 2005 r.
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- 27,5 m3 / min. The totality, in years 1966-2005 "Polkowice II of mining area
was accompanied was about 373,7 million m3 of water, and Sieroszowice” about 11,6 million m3 of water.
Manyyears' draining in mine "Polkowice-Sieroszowice” it called out in individual water-bearing levels the going changes of natural hydrokinetic conditions far
(tab. 1).
Tab. 1. State of water and the size of depression in main water-bearing levels in mining
areas "Polkowice II” and " the Sieroszowice I”
The ordinate
of mirror water
Number of
piezomeThe mining area
ter
POLKOWICE II
SIEROSZOWICE
I
H-17
H-19
S-258
S-61
H-9
H-10
H-11
H-14
H-15
H-16
H-18
H-20
H-24
S-172
H-12
S-59
S-174
S-247
S-555
S-560
S-39
S-69
S-365
S-453
S-314
S-315
S-398
[m o.l.s.]
before
2005
95,0
95,0
89,7
80,0
90,0
77,5
90,0
80,0
85,0
79,0
79,0
70,0
70,0
79,0
105,0
125,5
106,2
105,0
80,0
80,0
78,0
78,0
78,0
78,0
99,0
104,8
69,2
The depression
S
[m]
The pace
of lowering depression
S
[m / year]
2006 year
-317,87
-204,60
-255,8
-8,56
-36,54
-43,99
33,51
-19,33
-34,44
-136,15
-135,01
13,92
-3,35
-147,53
74,75
117,35
80,07
-149,3
3,80
-72,95
-91,13
-34,95
-19,62
37,82
75,73
81,06
43,10
412,9
299,6
345,5
88,6
126,5
121,5
56,5
99,3
119,5
215,2
214,0
56,10
73,3
226,5
30,6
8,2
26,1
254,3
76,2
152,9
169,1
113,0
97,6
38,2
23,4
23,7
26,1
10,72
7,78
8,97
2,30
3,28
3,16
1,47
2,58
3,10
5,59
5,56
1,46
1,90
5,88
0,79
0,21
0,68
6,60
1,98
3,97
4,39
2,94
2,54
0,99
0,61
0,61
0,68
WATER MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATION …
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6. CONCLUSION
In respect of hydrogeological conditions Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin is an
extremely interesting scientifical range. The mine-works progress, threats of
water conditions and deposit’s exploitation costs are dependent on the excess of
the mineralized mine waters development method. The main purpose of all activities should be prevention of the ground – and surface-waters against salinization.
It is possible through:
- minimization of the salts content in the technological waters using desalting
installations,
- using the natural orogenic belts to the excessive waters gathering (i.e
through salt-waters pumping to the absorptive geological structures left after
natural gas exploitation),
- renovation of the salt-waters batching systems to the Odra-river,
- correct forecasting of the water reserves and ground water quality in the
Lubin-Głogów Cupriferous Basin with regard to changes caused by exploitation.
7. REFERENCES
1. BOCHEŃSKA T., 1988: Kształtowanie się warunków hydrodynamicznych
w LGOM pod wpływem odwadniania kopalń. Acta Univ. Wrat. 1044, Pr.
Geol.-Miner. XIV, Wrocław.
2. BOCHEŃSKA T., FISZER J., KALISZ A., 2000: Prediction of groundwater
inflow into copper mines of the Lubin Głogów Copper District. Environmental Geology. Nr 39 (6) April 2000. Springer Verlog, Nowy Jork – Berlin –
Amsterdam.
3. GURWIN J., 1997: Ocena odpływu podziemnego w pradolinie Odry w obszarze zlewni rzeki Rudnej. Współczesne problemy hydrogeologii. t. VIII,
Poznań.
4. GURWIN J., POPRAWSKI L., 1998: Odnawialność wód podziemnych Lubińsko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego. Zesz. Nauk. Polit. Zielonogórskiej. IS. Zielona Góra.
5. KLECZKOWSKI A. et. al., 1990: Mapa obszarów głównych zbiorników
wód podziemnych (GZWP) w Polsce wymagających szczególnej ochrony.
IHiGI-AGH Kraków.
6. KOŁODZIEJCZYK U., 2009: Hydrological, geological and geochemical
conditions determining reclamation of post - mine land in the region of
Łęknica. W: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - 2009, T. 25, z. 3, s. 189201.
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7. MARKIEWICZ A., 1999: Neotektoniczne założenia kopalnych rynien
czwartorzędowych Środkowego Nadodrza (SW Poland). W: Przegląd. Geologiczny -1999, vol. 47, nr 9, Warszawa, s. 825-830.
8. MARKIEWICZ A., FISZER J., KALISZ M., CZMIEL J., 2004: Badania
modelowe zmian hydrodynamicznych w podwęglowym poziomie wodonośnym, powstałym w wyniku uszczelniania poziomu wodonośnego dolomitów złożowych w rejonie Polkowice Zachodnie, w celu określenia ich
wpływu na wzrost zagrożeń wodnych w pozostałych rejonach O/ZG „Polkowice-Sieroszowice” i O/ZG „Lubin”. CBPM Cuprum sp. z o.o. Wrocław
2004.
UWARUNKOWANIA WODNE EKSPLOATACJI MIEDZI W LUBIŃSKOGŁOGOWSKIM OKRĘGU MIEDZIOWYM
Streszczenie: Lubińsko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy stanowi obszar intensywnej eksploatacji górniczej. Najbardziej zaawansowana eksploatacja jest prowadzona w obszarach górniczych: „Lubin”, „Polkowice”, „Sieroszowice” i „Rudna”. W pracy scharakteryzowano warunki hydrogeologiczne zachodzące w tych obszarach i wskazano kierunki
dalszych działań służących przeciwdziałaniu hydrogeologicznej degradacji regionu.
Zawodnienie kopalń surowców naturalnych zawsze stanowi poważny problem ekonomiczny i wymaga zastosowania odpowiedniej technologii odwodnienia oraz sposobu
zagospodarowania wód kopalnianych. Odwodnienie poszczególnych kopalń w Lubińsko-Głogowskim Okręgu Miedziowym najczęściej odbywa się metodą grawitacyjną, lub
– poprzez mechaniczne wypompowanie wody z poziomów wydobywczych.