Language Modelling

ǣ ᵽ
Journal of Language Modelling
Journal of Language Modelling
volume 3 issue 1 june 2015
Editorials
A word from the editors 1
Adam Przepiórkowski, Elżbieta Hajnicz,
Agnieszka Mykowiecka, Marcin Woliński
High-level methodologies for grammar engineering.
Introduction to the special issue 5
Denys Duchier, Yannick Parmentier
Tools and resources
229
Frigram: a French Interaction Grammar
Guy Perrier, Bruno Guillaume
265
ISSN 2299-856X
.
.
ṍ
ḯ
ⱪ
ч ŋ ṏ
ɒ ṉ
ȧ
ź
ģ ɑ g
ҫ w ſ
т
я ň
ḗ
ǖ ẍ ơ я ḩ ȱ π
і
ḭ
ɬ
a
ṛ
ẻ
ḃ
ⱥ ԡ ḡ
ǟ
ṥ
ṋ p
ị
ĕ ɯ t
ố й ẉ ᶆ ṩ
ŗ
ē
ė
š
ɦ
ɩ
ᶒ
ḹ
ȼ
ƪ ỡ ę
ò
ḅ ű ẅ ȧ ư ṑ
ü ỡ ḥ ф ṑ ɓ ҧ ƪ
ѣ
ẚ
ŕ
ȅ
ů
ʆ
ġ љ ц ġ
ẙ ƣ ç
1
þ
ẹ
ḱ
ẕ
ʄ
ộ ȕ җ x ứ ƿ
ḉ ự û ṻ
ᶗ
ƪ
ý
в
е
ḓ
í
ɤ ʉ ч
ӓ
ȉ
ṑ
ᶖ
ễ
ᶅ
ƛ ҽ ằ
ɿ
ſ
ɵ ḅ ḋ
ħ ԕ ḷ
î
ы ṏ
ḭ
ᶕ ɖ ᵷ ʥ œ ả
ẛ
ặ
č
ṥ
ĭ ʤ ӕ ɺ
β
ӟ
b y
ij
ᶔ
ġ ᵭ ỏ ұ д ꜩ
ᵴ
α ư ᵾ
î
ẕ
ǿ ũ ḡ
ė
ẫ ẁ ḝ ы ą
ţ
ý
ʬ ḫ
e
ѓ
γ
ӷ ф ẹ
ᶂ
ҙ
ṑ ᶇ
ӻ
ᶅ
ᶇ ṉ
ı
ǭ
у ẁ ȫ
r
ᶔ
ĉ
ḽ щ ƭ
ӵ ʜ ẫ û
ṱ
ỹ
ệ
ѕ
ӡ
е
ḹ
ж ǯ
ḃ ỳ ħ
ẙ λ â ӝ
ʝ
ɻ
ɲ d
х
ʂ
ỗ ƌ
ế
ṹ ɳ ḥ ʠ
ᵶ
ӻ
ỵ ḃ d ủ ᶐ ṗ р ŏ
ᵲ
ȓ
ᶕ
å
ḽ
ɢ ᶋ ӊ ẽ
ӯ
ẫ
ṋ ʋ
ᵴ
ș
ł
ᵲ
l
e
ṣ
ᶌ
ɩ
ɞ
ồ
ṙ
ē
ć
ʌ
ḷ
ў
ẓ
д һ g
ç ԅ ď
ṫ
ḵ
ʂ
ẛ
ẙ җ ӫ
ẋ
ḅ
ễ
ʅ
ụ ỗ љ ç
ɞ
ƒ
u v
ł
ɀ
ᶕ
ȥ
ȗ
ḟ
џ
г
ƀ
ặ
ļ
ź
ï
ṕ ẅ w ś
ʇ
ô
ḉ
ặ
ḏ
ᶂ
ᶏ
ṓ ȫ
i
я
ẵ
ö
ľ
Language
Modelling
ŧ ẘ ю ǡ
ṍ π ḗ
ȷ
ʗ
è ợ
ṡ
ȏ ʍ è
ṭ
ȅ
s
ᵽ ǯ
с
ê
ȳ
ȩ
ʎ
ᵼ
ů b
ŝ ӎ ʊ þ n
ᵳ
ḡ
ⱪ
ӿ ơ ǿ н ɢ ᶋ β ĝ
ẵ
ƫ
f
ɓ
ľ
ś
π ẳ
ȁ
ɼ
õ ѵ ƣ
ч
ḳ
є
ʝ
ƨ ẁ ō ḅ
ã
ẋ
ģ ɗ
ḛ м ȍ
ì
ҥ ḥ
ⱶ
x
ấ
ɘ
ᵻ
l
ọ ȭ
ȳ
ź
ṻ ʠ ᵱ ù ķ ѵ ь
ṏ ự ñ
є
ƈ
ị
ԁ
ʃ
ề
ṳ đ ц ĥ
ʈ
ӯ
ỷ ń ʒ
ĉ
ī
ʅ
ʋ
ᶍ ԝ ȇ ẘ ṅ
ɨ
ỉ ԝ ẅ ꜫ
ṗ ƹ ɒ
ḭ
ʐ љ ҕ ù ō ԏ ẫ ḥ ḳ
ā
ŏ
ſ
ḙ
į
ẍ
ĵ
ɡ ǒ m т
ẓ
ḽ
ḑ ǥ
ᵷ
ą ų ҏ
ặ ѝ
ɨ
ᵴ ы ṧ
ặ
ʒ
ɍ
ẍ ɴ
ɜ
ɼ
v ᵰ
ᵼ
æ ṕ
ḳ ʊ
ż ƛ
ṫ
ҍ
ᶖ
ơ
ᶅ
ǚ ƃ ᵰ ʓ
ᶊ ᶆ ŵ ổ
ԟ
ẻ
ꜧ
į
ỷ
ṣ
ʎ
ḙ
ę
ӌ
ō
ȁ ẉ o ṁ ṵ ɑ м ɽ
ᶚ
ƭ
ḻ
ᶓ
ʑ
ĉ
ρ
ɩ
ṛ
ъ ṉ ъ
ḻ
ᶘ
ġ
x
a ᵬ
ӡ n ḡ
ǡ
ṯ
ҙ
ɸ
j
ẃ ż
ы ế
ӽ
ԑ
ƌ
ṛ
ö ǿ ȯ
ṛ
ᶂ
ẽ
ᶗ
ᶓ ⱳ ề
ü ằ
ŭ
ⱬ
ҥ ę й ɖ ᶑ ӿ
ą
ч ù k
е
ł
ô ɥ
ƚ
ɛ
ŧ
ƅ ҿ
ạ
ẖ
ľ
ḕ
в
ⱡ
ԙ ń
ⱬ
ë
ᶎ
ѳ
ŀ
ẍ
ё
ǩ ṕ
ȁ
ᵶ
ᶌ
à
ń
с
ċ
ḅ ԝ ď ƅ ү
ɞ
r
ḫ ү ų
ƶ
ṕ ꜧ
ā
ä
ż
ṋ ò
ḻ
ӊ ḿ q
ɓ
ǐ
ă
ģ
ҭ
ǹ ɷ đ ô ḇ ɯ ɔ
л ᶁ
ǻ
o
ȥ
ʆ
з
ᵳ
į
ạ
ᵹ
ẏ
ầ
ʛ ỳ ẅ
ɓ
а
ḯ
ҩ ʛ
є
ḃ
ɔ љ ɑ ỹ ờ ű ӳ
ṡ
ậ
ỹ
å α ᵽ
ı
ḭ
ố ů ơ
ĭ
ừ ḝ
ԁ ǩ û ǚ ŵ ỏ ʜ ẹ
ȥ
ẽ
ᵮ
ᶐ
ţ
ᶐ ʋ
ǥ
х
ʆ
ú
ē
a
ẚ
ə
ï
ǔ ɠ м ᶇ
з
ẑ
ɖ y ṇ ɯ ễ
ẗ
r
ӽ ʼn ṟ
d
ҍ
џ
ṡ
ṙ
ẋ
i
г
ᵷ
ɓ ȟ
ᵸ ⱳ ɻ
ṧ
ỷ ҡ қ ṉ õ
ƫ
ᶑ k
ᵹ ǽ ԛ ẃ ǒ
ɀ
ṟ
е
ƭ
ɴ ữ ḋ ᵬ ṹ
ő ǖ ḫ
β ԃ ẹ
ԛ
ɫ
ᶘ
з
ʗ
ᵿ ƥ
ɪ
ṳ
ᶎ
a
ộ
ᶄ ȕ ѝ å
ᵾ ß ɋ ӫ
ở ň ꜯ
j
ḕvolume
ʌ в ẇ ṵ3 issue
ƙ ẃ t 1ᶖ
ҩ ӆ ȏ ṇ ȱ
ᵭ ṵ
ʠ
ḭ
ǫ
ɽ
ỡ ṵ м ж ľ
ẩ ʠ й ṍ
и ṍ ß
č
ʟ
ẩ
ᶔ ừ
ó ӣ 2015
ẇ a
june
ɬ
ȩ
ʓ ǚ ʉ ỏ
ħ
ѵ ӈ ᶃ ḵ ď
ɒ
š
ḯ
ᶓ
j
ȼ
ƶ
ṱ ҧ ᶍ
i
ặ
ì
ș
ȓ
á
ş
ӻ м ṕ ᶀ π ᶑ ḱ ʣ ɛ
ỳ
ƴ
ḥ
ʙ
ḗ ʤ г
ǻ
ḩ
ᶄ p
ʑ
ắ н ü
у
ồ ҥ ź
ӽ
ṥ
ґ
ḁ
ử
ŕ
ḣ ȱ
ś
ı
ć ŵ ÿ
ț ɰ ʝ
ḏ ȱ
ḣ ű ɦ ʉ
ӷ
ž
о
ԓ ɵ ḇ
ȩ
ự ẍ
ḟ
ᵿ
ɽ
ñ
ẻ
ⱪ
ẓ
ǵ
ử
ṯ
ԍ ᵬ ɣ
ế
ḽ
ӳ ü á
γ ʼn ś
ƀ
ṫ
á ԅ ṿ ḑ ģ ņ ԅ ů
г ɷ ᵷ ԝ ȇ
Journal of
ƨ
ұ
ɽ
ŀ
ŀ
ḓ
ʜ
ž
ᶎ
ᵵ ẅ ḉ
ṧ
ȯ ԃ ᵽ
ʈ
ᶚ
ǯ
g
ŀ
ḣ ɯ ӛ
ɤ
ƭ
ẵ
ʈ
ĺ
ɔ
ḁ
ƹ
ŧ
ủ ᵭ
ȼ
ś
ʂ
i
ø ṓ
ầ
ɬ
ȗ
ь
ṙ
ɲ ȭ
ệ
ḗ ж ľ
ᶕ ɸ ꜳ l
ƛ ӑ ű ѳ
ä
ǝ ṁ ɥ ķ и
с
ᵵ
ᵮ
ȿ
ҡ ꝁ щ ʁ ŭ ᶍ
ᶖ
ṕ ṅ ɖ ᶀ
ḱ ṃ ʗ
ʄ
ḝ
ź
ḥ
č
ş
ẳ
ḭ
ḛ
ṙ
ẽ
ʑ
ṣ
ʉ
ǟ
ỿ ů ѣ ḩ ȃ
ѐ
n ọ ᶕ n
ρ ԉ ẗ
ọ ň
ᵲ
ậ ờ ꝏ u
ṡ
ɿ
β
c
ċ
ṇ ɣ ƙ
ạ
w ҳ
ɞ
ṧ
ќ
ṡ
ᶖ
ẍ
ᶁ ṵ ŭ
ʈ
ǔ д ӂ ṷ ô
ỵ
е
ẍ
ỳ ḇ
е
ꜯ ᵾ ũ
ẋ
ԛ ɱ ᶋ
а
ǫ ŋ ʋ
ʏ
ŷ
ỏ
у
ĭ
ȩ
ǒ
ʁ
ʄ
ổ ȫ þ
ә
ȕ ɯ ṓ ȭ ɧ
ҭ ʜ я
ȅ
ɧ ᵯ ņ ȫ
k ǹ ƣ э
ṝ
ề
ó
v
ǰ
ȉ
ү ḵ
ṉ
ɜ ʣ ӑ
ᶗ
ɨ
ѳ
ȿ
ứ ň k ƃ ʀ и ẙ ᵽ ő
в
ɔ
ũ ч
ẍ
þ
ạ ю м ṽ 0
ṝ
1
ế
ṗ 1 1 ꜩ 0
ȇ
0
ᵿ ᶈ ğ
ị
ɾ
ʌ
0 ҟ
ɍ
ẓ ẁ у 1 щ ê
1
ɭ
ƛ
ḻ
ρ
1 ń ṗ ӹ ĥ 1
0
ḛ
ḟ
ễ ẁ ể
ǿ ⱳ ắ
ƥ ý
ṽ
ƌ
ỡ
ṩ
ấ
ż
ĝ ꜵ ĵ
ṙ
я
ộ ḳ
э
ȋ
ǜ ᶚ
ễ
э ф ḁ
ʐ
ј
ǻ
ɽ
ṷ ԙ
ʞ ḃ
ầ
1 m 0 ҋ α
t
ḇ 1 1
ẫ
ò
ǐ
ṟ
ě
ǔ
ⱦ
ẓ
0 ŷ ủ ʌ
ӄ
ᶏ
ʆ
0
ḗ
ḯ
1 0 1 ɱ ṉ ȭ 1 1 ш
х
ṥ
ɒ ṋ ȭ 0
t
ỗ 1 ṕ
ẽ
ȇ
1
ĺ
ԁ b ẉ ṩ
0 0 1 0 1
ȋ ᶆ ᶒ
ổ 1 ỵ ƥ ṓ ỻ 1 1
ɀ
0 ỗ
ƿ 0 ꜯ
ź
ɇ
ᶌ
і
ɐ
ź
ë
t
ʛ ҷ 1
ȳ 1 λ 1 ɸ
f
0
ӽ
1
ʚ
1 0
ȥ
ɀ
ỵ д 0 ʁ 0 1 ʍ ĺ
ĩ ԋ 0 0 1
ḯ
й 1 0 1 ᶆ 1 0 ỳ 1 0 ш y
ӵ 0
э
ᶀ
ċ
ț
ɤ ȫ 0 ҹ
1 1 0 0 ṁ 1 0 ʠ 0 ḳ 0 0 0 0 1 ḃ 0 1 0
ū 0 ừ 0 ꜳ ệ
0
1 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
ƺ
ŧ
ŗ
ƒ
ɜ
ṽ ṻ ʒ
ĕ
ṓ
ӣ ú
ȑ
1 0 n ḍ
ᶇ
1 0 0 0
ӭ
ǯ
q
ҟ
1 ɡ
1
ᶓ
ł
0
ӿ
1 0 0
ʗ
ɕ
ᶊ
1
ӷ
0
ĩ
ɭ
1
s
ɝ þ 0 1 0
ʏ
ᶁ
0 0 ů
ṣ
ĭ
ḵ ń ӆ ā
ӱ 0 1 0 ӫ 0
с
ể
ɐ
ş
σ ú
ȫ
1 1 ҥ g ѓ 1 0 0 ã 0 ų
Institute of Computer Science
ᶗ 0 1 1 ɛ 1 1 ӑ 1
Polish Academy of Sciences
0 ɚ 0 ḙ 0 0 ŝ 0 ḣ 1 á ᵶ 0 0 0 ȉ Warsaw
1 ӱ 0 0 1 1 ȅ 0
0 0 ң 0 0 1 1 0 ɫ 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 β 1 0 1 0 1 0
ɐ
ȣ
ȁ
ố
ì
ź
є
ƣ ḉ
п 0
ǟ
ắ ʠ
ɲ
ʃ
ƚ
ậ
ɩ
ɹ
ɔ
ӛ
ẻ
о ó
ӟ
ӂ ṙ
ḋ 1
Volume 3 Issue 1 June 2015
A type-logical treebank for French
Richard Moot
185
ї ẁ ľ
ṑ
ŀ
ȗ ộ ӎ ḃ
145
ɨ
ṣ
ȱ
A logical approach to grammar description 87
Lionel Clément, Jérôme Kirman, Sylvain Salvati
ṍ
ḍ û
ǖ ẋ π
Articles
Implementing semantic frames
as typed feature structures with XMG
Timm Lichte, Simon Petitjean
ḙ
ầ
ј
A syntactic component for Vietnamese language processing
Phuong Le-Hong, Azim Roussanaly, Thi Minh Huyen Nguyen
ȏ
ḅ
à
The CoreGram project: theoretical linguistics,
theory development, and verification 21
Stefan Müller
э
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ṵ ố 1 1
ṛ
0 0
ẳ
1 1 ƌ
ȣ
0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 ǣ 0 1 ћ 1 0
.1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Journal of
Language Modelling
volume 3 issue 1
june 2015
Editorials
A word from the editors 1
Adam Przepiórkowski, Elżbieta Hajnicz,
Agnieszka Mykowiecka, Marcin Woliński
High-level methodologies for grammar engineering.
Introduction to the special issue 5
Denys Duchier, Yannick Parmentier
Tools and resources
The CoreGram project: theoretical linguistics,
theory development, and verification 21
Stefan Müller
Articles
A logical approach to grammar description 87
Lionel Clément, Jérôme Kirman, Sylvain Salvati
A syntactic component for Vietnamese language processing
Phuong Le-Hong, Azim Roussanaly, Thi Minh Huyen Nguyen
145
Implementing semantic frames as typed feature structures with XMG
Timm Lichte, Simon Petitjean
A type-logical treebank for French 229
Richard Moot
Frigram: a French Interaction Grammar
Guy Perrier, Bruno Guillaume
265
185
journal of
language modelling
ISSN 2299-8470 (electronic version)
ISSN 2299-856X (printed version)
http://jlm.ipipan.waw.pl/
managing editor
Adam Przepiórkowski ipi pan
section editors
Elżbieta Hajnicz ipi pan
Agnieszka Mykowiecka ipi pan
Marcin Woliński ipi pan
statistics editor
Łukasz Dębowski ipi pan
Published by IPI PAN
Instytut Podstaw Informatyki
Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Institute of Computer Science
Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Jana Kazimierza 5, 01-248 Warszawa, Poland
Circulation: 100 + print on demand
Layout designed by Adam Twardoch.
Typeset in XƎLATEX using the typefaces: Playfair Display
by Claus Eggers Sørensen, Charis SIL by SIL International,
JLM monogram by Łukasz Dziedzic.
All content is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
editorial board
Steven Abney University of Michigan, usa
Ash Asudeh Carleton University, canada;
University of Oxford, united kingdom
Chris Biemann Technische Universität Darmstadt, germany
Igor Boguslavsky Technical University of Madrid, spain;
Institute for Information Transmission Problems,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, russia
António Branco University of Lisbon, portugal
David Chiang University of Southern California, Los Angeles, usa
Greville Corbett University of Surrey, united kingdom
Dan Cristea University of Iași, romania
Jan Daciuk Gdańsk University of Technology, poland
Mary Dalrymple University of Oxford, united kingdom
Darja Fišer University of Ljubljana, slovenia
Anette Frank Universität Heidelberg, germany
Claire Gardent cnrs/loria, Nancy, france
Jonathan Ginzburg Université Paris-Diderot, france
Stefan Th. Gries University of California, Santa Barbara, usa
Heiki-Jaan Kaalep University of Tartu, estonia
Laura Kallmeyer Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, germany
Jong-Bok Kim Kyung Hee University, Seoul, korea
Kimmo Koskenniemi University of Helsinki, finland
Jonas Kuhn Universität Stuttgart, germany
Alessandro Lenci University of Pisa, italy
Ján Mačutek Comenius University in Bratislava, slovakia
Igor Mel’čuk University of Montreal, canada
Glyn Morrill Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, spain
Stefan Müller Freie Universität Berlin, germany
Reinhard Muskens Tilburg University, netherlands
Mark-Jan Nederhof University of St Andrews, united kingdom
Petya Osenova Sofia University, bulgaria
David Pesetsky Massachusetts Institute of Technology, usa
Maciej Piasecki Wrocław University of Technology, poland
Christopher Potts Stanford University, usa
Louisa Sadler University of Essex, united kingdom
Ivan A. Sag † Stanford University, usa
Agata Savary Université François Rabelais Tours, france
Sabine Schulte im Walde Universität Stuttgart, germany
Stuart M. Shieber Harvard University, usa
Mark Steedman University of Edinburgh, united kingdom
Stan Szpakowicz School of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, canada
Shravan Vasishth Universität Potsdam, germany
Zygmunt Vetulani Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, poland
Aline Villavicencio Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, brazil
Veronika Vincze University of Szeged, hungary
Yorick Wilks Florida Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, usa
Shuly Wintner University of Haifa, israel
Zdeněk Žabokrtský Charles University in Prague, czech republic