Zarządzenie Nr………

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Zarządzenie Nr………

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Subject Syllabus Summary
Mechanical Engineering
Undergraduate studies (BA)
Subject:
Subject type:
Subject code:
Year:
Semester:
Form of studies:
Type of classes and hours
per semester:
Lecture
Exercise
Laboratory practice
Project
ECTS points:
Form of credit:
Lecture language:
C1
C2
C3
C4
1
2
3
4
5
AERODYNAMIC OF AIRCRAFT
Essential
Full-time course
15
15
4
Lecture examination / laboratory practice
assessment
Polish
Subject objective
Basic knowledge of gas flow kinematics and dynamics, including the flows
around bodies (especially aerofoils).
Knowledge of helicopter aerodynamics, including the aerodynamics of the
main rotor, the tail rotor, and the fuselage.
Knowledge of controlling helicopters in flight.
Knowledge of the methods for determination of aerodynamic characteristics of
rotors and basic in-flight helicopter performance.
Prerequisites in knowledge, skills and other competencies
Knowledge:
Mathematics: knowledge of vector analysis, basics of field theory, complex
functions, and basics of solving partial and regular differential equations.
Fluid mechanics: knowledge of fluid flow kinematics and dynamics.
General mechanical engineering: knowledge of rigid body motion kinematics
and dynamics.
Skills:
The student will be able to use the acquired knowledge in practice.
The student will be able to research information from reference literature.
Educational effects
Knowledge:
Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach
Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego
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EK1
EK2
EK3
EK 4
EK 5
EK 6
EK7
EK8
EK9
EK10
EK11
EK12
EK13
The student will have an expanded knowledge of gas flow kinematics and
dynamics. The student will have an expanded knowledge of flow around rigid
bodies, including aerofoils. The student will have knowledge of forces
affecting aerofoils with specific sections and attack angles.
The student will have an expanded knowledge of classification of helicopters
by configuration and layout of main rotors, as well as of the basic
characteristic parameters of main rotors. The student will have knowledge of
methods for compensating the reaction moment of the main rotor on the
helicopter.
The student will have an expanded knowledge of the flux theory of generation
of the thrust power on the helicopter main rotor in hover, vertical manoeuvres
and forward flight.
The student will have an expanded knowledge of the kinematics and
dynamics of helicopter main rotor blades. They will also have knowledge of
describing the thrust power generation on the helicopter main rotor with the
theory of the blade component in hover, vertical manoeuvres and forward
flight.
The student will have an expanded knowledge of determination of helicopter
performance and aerodynamic characteristics in various states of flight. The
student will have an expanded knowledge of conceptual aerodynamic
helicopter design engineering.
Skills:
The student will be able to calculate the atmospheric air parameters for
specific flight altitude and temperatures.
The student will be able to analyse gas flows for flow potentiality or curl,
especially in flows around bodies. The student will be able to calculate the
aerodynamic lift of a predefined aerofoil by applying the conclusions of the
Kutta-Żukowski theory.
The student will be able to classify helicopters and main rotors thereof.
The student will be able to the aerodynamic lift, power and other basic
parameters of air flow through a helicopter main rotor with the use of the flux
theory for various helicopter manoeuvres.
The student will be able to calculate the aerodynamic lift and the power
delivered to a helicopter main rotor with the use of theory of the blade
component for various helicopter manoeuvres.
Social competencies:
The student will have and understand the need for continuous education.
The student will be critical in expression of opinion and capable of defending
their argument in discussions.
The student will be able to teamwork, including work in research teams, and
demonstrate due diligence when working on tasks.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5-6
W7-8
W9-10
W1113
W14
W15
Curriculum content of Subject
Class form: lecture
Curriculum
Basic concepts of low and high speed aerodynamics. Flow properties of
gases. Sound speed in gases. Classification of gas flows. Gas flow
kinematics. Circulation and curl in flows.
The basic system of equations describing the motion of real and nonviscous gas. Flow continuity equation; Navier-Stokes equation. Energy
equation. Bernoulli's equation and its application in aerospace
engineering.
Gas flows around bodies of various geometry. Aerofoils. Infinite
length foil and finite elongation foil. Induced resistance.
Aerodynamic lift. The Kutta-Żukowski aerofoil lift theory. Polar
curve of aerofoils. Relationship between the aerodynamic
coefficients and the attack angle.
Configuration of helicopters and main rotors thereof. Basic parameters of
propellers. Rotor reaction moment and methods of its compensation.
Flux theory of the helicopter main rotor in hover and vertical manoeuvres.
Induced velocity. Rotor quality factor. Rotor work modes. Flux theory in
helicopter forward flight. Forward flight induced velocity.
Oscillations of rotor blades. Equations of rotor blade oscillations against
vertical and horizontal joints. Main rotor control principle. Forces and
moments generated by the main rotor. Expressions of main rotor forces
and moments and main rotor force factors.
Theory of blade component in helicopter vertical flight. Flow around the
blade component. Forces applied to the blade component. Main rotor
polar in hover. Flow around the blade in helicopter forward flight. Forces
applied to the blade component. Rotor blade flow asymmetry. Flow
separation from rotor blades.
Supersonic aerodynamics. Sound speed. Critical Mach. Shock wave:
generation, types, supersonic flow around cones, wave resistance.
Aerodynamic systems of supersonic aircraft. Aerodynamic tunnels: types
and methods of measurement. Aircraft aerodynamic resistances in flight.
Aircraft performance. Hover ceiling and practical ceiling. Fuel
consumption. Flight range. Quotation chart. Aircraft aerodynamic
characteristics in flight following one engine failure and coasting flight.
Introduction to conceptual aerodynamic aircraft design engineering.
Design criteria. Determination of required engine power output.
Determination of aerodynamic characteristics of fuselage and control
___________________________________________________________________________
surfaces.
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LAB1
LAB2
LAB
3-4
LAB5
LAB6
LAB7
LAB89
LAB10
LAB
11-12
LAB
13-14
LAB15
1
2
Class form: laboratory practice
Curriculum content
Calculation of atmospheric air parameters in relation to altitude above
terrain.
Calculation of aerodynamic forces and coefficients for a defined fuselage
(wing).
Calculation of the induced velocity and induced power of the main rotor
according to the flux theory.
Calculation of the main rotor quality factor for predefine rotor geometry in
hover.
Calculation of the required hover power for a helicopter with predefined
take-off weight.
Determination of the rotor polar in hover (acc. to the flux theory and the
blade component theory).
Determination of the blade oscillation to horizontal joint coefficient (acc. to
the main rotor control principle).
Determination of the blade oscillation to vertical joint coefficient.
Calculation of the forces applied to the main rotor in forward flight and the
power required to propel forward flight.
Determination of performance of a helicopter with a predefined take-off
weight in hover and forward flight.
Assessment
Teaching methodology
Informative lecture, considering the problems of calculation and with the use of
audiovisual aids
Exercises are a computational illustration of lectures and they focus on selected
calculation problems.
Student workload
Form of activity
Average hours to complete the activity
Teacher contact hours, including:
Lectures
15
Laboratory classes
15
Exams
2
Lecture consultations
1
Exercise consultations
1
Student own work, including:
Own work: preparation for laboratory
25
exercise
Preparation for examination
26
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Total student work time
Total ECTS for the subject:
Total of ECTS for practical classes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
51
4
Basic and complementary reference literature
Strzelczyk, P.: Aerodynamika małych prędkości. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, Rzeszów 2003
Rościszewski, J.: Aerodynamika stosowana. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony
Narodowej, Warsaw 1957
Juriew, B.N.: Aerodinamicheskyi rashchyet vyertolyetov. Izd. Obarangiz.
Moscow, 1966
Bramwell, A. R. S.: Helicopter Dynamics, Award Arnold (Publishers) Ltd
1976
Jonson, W.: Helicopter Theory, Princeton Univesity Press, 1980
Szabelski, K.; Jancelewicz, B.; Łucjanek, W.: Wstęp do konstrukcji śmigłowców,
WKIŁ 2005
Complementary reference literature
Gessow, A.; Myers, G.C., Jr.: Aerodynamics of the Helicopter, The College Park
Press
Mil M. L. et al.: Vyertolety, rashchyet i proyektirovanye, Mashinostroyenye 1966
Tiszczenko M. N. et al.: Vyertolety, vybor parametrov pri proyektirovanyi,
Mashinostroyenye 1976
Educational effect matrix
Educational
effect
Specific
educational
effect
reference to
curriculumwide effects
(PEK)
Subject
objective
EK 1
MBM2A-W02
[C1]
EK 2
MBM2A-W02
[C2, C3]
EK 3
MBM2A-W02
[C2, C3,
C4]
EK 4
MBM2A-W02
[C2, C3]
EK 5
MBM2A-W02
[C1, C3,
Curriculum
content
[W1, W2,
W3, L1, L2]
[W3, W4,
L2]
[W5, L3,
L4, L5, L6]
[W3, W4,
W6, W7,
W8, L6, L7,
L8]
[W9, W10,
Teaching
methodology
Evaluation
methods
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
___________________________________________________________________________
C4]
EK 6
MBM2A-U12
[C1]
EK 7
MBM2A-U12
[C1, C2]
EK 8
MBM2A-U12
[C2, C3]
L9]
[W1, W2,
W3, L1, L2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[W3, W4]
[1]
[O1, O2]
[W5]
[1]
[O1, O2]
___________________________________________________________________________
EK 9
MBM2A-U12
[C4]
EK 10
MBM2A-U09
[C4]
EK 11
MBM2A-K01
++
[C1, C2,
C3, C4]
EK 12
MBM2A-K06
++
[C1, C2,
C3, C4]
EK 13
MBM2A-K03
++
[C1, C2,
C3, C4]
[W3, W4,
W6, W7,
W8, L9]
[W9, W10,
L9, L10]
[W1, W2,
W3, W4,
W5, SW6,
W7, W8,
W9, W10,
L2, L3, L4,
L5, L6, L7,
L8, L9, L10]
[W1, W2,
W3, W4,
W5, SW6,
W7, W8,
W9, W10,
L2, L3, L4,
L5, L6, L7,
L8, L9, L10]
[W1, W2,
W3, W4,
W5, SW6,
W7, W8,
W9, W10,
L2, L3, L4,
L5, L6, L7,
L8, L9, L10]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
[1, 2]
[O1, O2]
Evaluation methods and criteria
Evaluation
method
symbol
O1
O2
Evaluation method description
Exercise assessment: two projects required.
The final grade is the average of both
projects.
Written assessment. (Resolved with oral
assessment if a written assessment is
questionable.)
Pass threshold
60%
60%
___________________________________________________________________________
Curriculum
author:
Tomasz Łusiak, PhD Eng.
E-mail:
[email protected]
Unit:
Department of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Aviation
Propulsion

Zarządzenie Nr………

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