cele i mechanizmy programu pemp oraz stan obecny i
Transkrypt
cele i mechanizmy programu pemp oraz stan obecny i
Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Krzysztof Brzoza-Brzezina Krajowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii S.A., Warszawa CELE I MECHANIZMY PROGRAMU PEMP ORAZ STAN OBECNY I PERSPEKTYWY PROGRAMU RABATOWEGO OBJECTIVES AND MECHANISMS OF PEMP AND THE PRESENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMME Abstract: The economic potential for energy efficiency improvement of electric motor systems in Poland is large and could substantially reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. While industrial energy efficiency is a priority in Polish energy and climate change policy, the market share of energy efficient motors is currently very low due to a range of barriers. The Polish Energy Efficient Motors Programme (PEMP) aims to overcome these existing barriers. PEMP addresses key technologies and sectors identified by the Polish Energy Policy, with a special emphasis on the manufacturing industry, the energy sector (heating), the utility industry (water supply and sewage treatment) and the mining sector. Under the programme, four components are developed and implemented: capacity building by providing information and services, implementation of demonstration projects, market transformation using a financial incentive mechanism; and development of industrial energy efficiency policy. Implementation phase of PEMP project has started in year 2004. Many goals of the project have been met in years 2004 and 2005; PEMP Center is established, first of the demonstration projects is under implementation, industrial energy efficiency policy of the government is supported by KAPE .S.A. Unfortunately major component of the programme, which is market transformation using a financial incentive mechanism is delayed. The reason of the delay was the lack of decision of European Commission concerning public help. Paolo Bertoldi, Bogdan Atanasiu European Commission DG JRC, Ispra Włochy THE EUROPEAN MOTOR CHALLENGE PROGRAMME EUROPEJSKI PROGRAM MOTOR CHALLENGE Abstract: Electric motor driven systems account for the greatest part of industrial electricity consumption in Europe. Numerous studies on individual component (motors, pumps, compressors) and on the consumption characterisation have shown the considerable potential for improvement of energy efficiency of these systems, and have recommended suitable policy actions. A number of policies have succeeded in making improvements on the supply side for individual components of systems, such as the electric motor itself. For electric motor a EU wide classification scheme and labelling exist together with a voluntary agreement by motor manufacturers to substantially improve the efficiency of motor placed on the market. Following the recommendation of experts, the European Commission decided to that a concerted effort on the demand side could very usefully complement the efforts being spent on components and technologies. The European Commission has decided to launch “The European Motor Challenge Programme” (MCP). This is a voluntary programme for motor systems end-users to agree to look at their motor systems and to carry out within a specific time frame the savings measure that are economic. The paper describes the programme and its implementation. The programme is based on the analysis of the main reasons why profitable energy savings measures are not put into practice in the private companies and on the successful examples where high level management made the necessary decisions to carry out motor systems energy efficiency programmes. The publicity aspect of the programme would be used to convince top management of the usefulness of subscribing to the MCP “Guidelines”, in some ways similar to the existing EU “GreenLight” Programme commitment. Because of the very wide variety of situations, this commitment is open ended and flexible, a sort of "variable geometry" system, where each company, with aid from national energy agencies (the MCP “National Contact Points”) the Commission, would target those areas and measures most likely to be effective in its operations. The company will commit to carrying out these measures, and reporting on the results, within an agreed upon time period. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Tomasz Zieli ski, Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice Maciej Bernatt, BOBRME Komel, Katowice PORÓWNANIE KOSZTÓW CYKLU YCIA STANDARDOWYCH I ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH NISKIEGO NAPI CIA PRZY PRACY Z RÓ NYM OBCI ENIEM THE LIFE CYCLE COST OF STANDARD AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT LOW-VOLTAGE INDUCTION MOTORS AT DIFFERENT LOAD Abstract: The paper brings up the problems of low-voltage induction motor use. General use and large number of installations have the impact on significant electric energy consumption caused by these devices. A lot of working induction motors have been exploited for twenty years or more. They were repaired many times. This decreased their efficiency and makes large potential for electricity savings. Implementation of energy efficient motors may be the solution of the problem. Unfortunately, the barrier is the higher price of the energy saving motor than of the standard one. Investors are accustomed to the installation of low-efficient and cheap equipment or the repair of obsolete devices. Authors proposed the method of costs calculation in the whole life cycle of the devices (LCC analysis) as key method for making the decision about the purchase. The profitability of the energy efficient motor use and standard motor use was shown as the difference in the life cycle costs of those devices. Moreover, the cost of the standard motor repair and cost of the exchange of standard motor on energy efficient one were compared. Jakub Bernatt BOBRME Komel, Katowice MO LIWO CI OBNI ENIA ENERGOCHŁONNO CI NAP DÓW DU EJ MOCY ABOUT POSSIBILITIES OF REDUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ELECTRICAL DRIVES Abstract: High output induction motors working in polish industry are the subject of the paper. It is estimated, that only in polish powerplants work more than 2000 motors output higher than 200 kW. Also in brown coal-mines hundreds of high voltage slip-ring motors are installed. The presently exploited motors are mainly outdated, manufactured and designed more than 20 – 30 years ago. These motors are characterised by low efficiency factor and high noise level. Figure 1 indicates the value of efficiency factor of different type induction squirrel cage motors (domestic and foreign). It can be easily noticed that modern motors have the efficiency factor higher of even 4% than the old ones. The old motors should be replaced by modern, energy efficient ones. The Table 3 and 4 present the possibilities of replacing these old machines by new, modern motors. In case of replacing motors in powerplants with generation units of 200 MW, savings of electricity per 1 drive and for all main drives together are shown. The total energy power savings balance at the level of 500 kW, what for 7000 operating hours per year enables to save about 3400 MWh. Wojciech Herman, BOT Elektrownia Opole SA, Brzezie Jerzy Hickiewicz, Marcin Kami ski, Krystyna Macek-Kami ska, Politechnika Opolska SILNIKI INDUKCYJNE KLATKOWE O PODWY SZONEJ SPRAWNO CI W ELEKTROWNIACH HIGH–EFFICIENCY INDUCTION SQUIRREL-CAGE MOTORS IN POWER PLANTS Abstract: This short document describes the possibility of replacing standard electrical motors with high-efficiency models in power plants. Two different drives – the coal mill and the primary air fan – are presented. In both of them the replacement of the standard motors with their energy-saving counterparts is considered. The economic assessment of this replacement is included. The paper also compares these two types of electrical motors with two different drives options, taking into account their dynamic and usage qualities. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Tadeusz Glinka BOBRME Komel, Katowice ZU YCIE ENERGII ELEKTRYCZNEJ W UKŁADACH NAP DOWYCH PRZENO NIKÓW TA MOWYCH ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY CONVEYOR BELTS DRIVE SYSTEM Abstract: High capacity conveyor belts are driven with two or four slip-ring induction motors. The investigated conveyor belt is characterised by capacity of 11000 m3/h and is driven with two four slip-ring induction motors rated at 630 kW each. The results of tests of capacity and electrical energy input run during 472.25 h and averaged to 15-minute intervals (Table 1 and 2) were the grounds for analysis of drive electrical energy consumption under following real-life conditions: at rated rotational speed of the motors – 980 rpm, at two different rotational speeds: 980 rpm and 490 rpm, at continuous change of rotational speed adjusted so that the belt is filled up completely (100% load). The results of electrical energy consumption in these three cases are set out in Table 3. Figures 4 and 5 show electrical diagrams of electromachine cascades operating at 490 rpm (Fig.4) and 245 rpm (Fig.5). Kazimierz Gatnar, Jastrz bska Spółka W glowa S.A., Jastrz bie Zdrój Stefan Łach, Kopalnia W gla Kamiennego „BORYNIA”, Jastrz bie Zdrój TECHNICZNE I EKONOMICZNE ASPEKTY ZASTOSOWANIA KASKADY PODSYNCHRONICZNEJ DO REGULACJI WYDAJNO CI SPR ARKI TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECT OF EMPLOY CASCADE UNDERSYNCHRONOUS CONVERTER REGULATING AIR COMPRESSOR OUTPUT Abstract: The paper presents “Borynia” mine, where due to threat of methane the underground compressed air piping is supplied from central compressor station. Any change in the compressed air demand requires regulation of compressor work parameters. One of the possible solutions is the use of undersynchronous cascade for regulation of air compressor output. The paper on the basis of compressor TK-16 modernization, where such a way of rotation regulation has been applied, describes the premises of modernization, course of action, technical aspects and planed economic results of this solution. Final conclusions try to sum up obtained results of modernization of synchronic engine 6kV with 1800 kW output after installation of undersynchronous cascade. Zbigniew Goryca Politechnika Radomska, Radom MO LIWO CI OSZCZ DZANIA ENERGII W NAP DACH MAŁEJ MOCY POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY SPARING IN THE LOW POWER DRIVERS Abstract: In this paper a new construction of the motor of small ventilator has been presented. Thanks to application of new neodyme magnets in the motor, it was able to obtain high efficiency of the motor. Such high efficiency allows ventilator to spare much more energy as compared to ventilator fitted with traditional asynchronous motor. However a new motor requires an application of electronic supplying system. At the assumption of constant price of the energy, the cost of this solution is reimbursed after four years. It was predicted that the energy drawing by individual receivers could be diminished by 2MW. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Zbigniew Szulc, Włodzimierz Koczara Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa POPRAWA EFEKTYWNO CI ENERGETYCZNEJ UKŁADU NAP DOWEGO Z SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM REDNIEGO NAPI CIA POPRZEZ JEGO ZASILANIE Z PRZEMIENNIKA CZ STOTLIWO CI IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICENT OF DRIVE SYSTEM WITH MEDIUM VOLTAGE INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING FREQUENCY CONVERTER Abstract: The paper presents three types of drive systems with water pumps driven by squirrel cage motors. A comparison of energy efficent of this drives is given. The best energy efficent of drive system with squirrel cage motor controlled by frequency converter was proven. The mathematic analysis of this phenomena was based on real industry application. Zbigniew Damm F.S.E. Besel S.A., Brzeg DO WIADCZENIA GRUPY CANTONI W ZAKRESIE SILNIKÓW ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH EXPERIENCES OF CANTONI GROUP IN DEVELOPING OF ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS Abstract: This paper presents experiences of Polish manufacturers of electric motors combined in Cantoni Group in designing and producing of energy efficient motors. New products of Cantoni Group in scope of energy efficient motors are presented. Moreover Cantoni Group cooperate with European and American Units that certify energy efficient motors. One of the most important problems is to unify mothods of determining of efficiency. Jerzy Piszczek Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice PRZEGL D MECHANIZMÓW WSPARCIA FINANSOWEGO DLA MODERNIZACJI NAP DÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH THE REVIEW OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR MODERNIZATIONS OF ELECTRIC DRIVES Abstract: This article presents four financial mechanisms, which could be used for modernization electric drives toward energy efficient ones. Rebate Program is dedicated for smaller electric motors and is offering surcharges to their prices, while Bank Ochrony rodowiska (Bank of Environmental Protection) and Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony rodowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej (National Fund of Environmental Protection and Water Treatment) offers “soft loans” with interest rates below commercial ones. EcoFund (Polish debt for environment swap) if Supervisory Board would make a relevant decision, will offers a grants. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Sławomir Pasierb, Tomasz Zieli ski Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice WARUNKI I MO LIWO CI MECHANIZMU JI W PROJEKCJI EKONOMICZNEJ I FINANSOWEJ ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH PRZEDSI WZI W NAP DACH ELEKTRYCZNYCH CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE JI MECHANISM IN THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION OF ENERGY EFICIENT ELECTRIC DRIVES PROJECT Abstract: Mechanizmy Protokołu z Kioto w przedsi wzi ciach efektywnego wykorzystania energii W dniach 1 - 11 grudnia 1997 w Kioto w czasie Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie Zmian Klimatu, podpisano Protokół zobowi zuj cy pa stwa wysokorozwini te do ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych o co najmniej 5%, w stosunku do roku bazowego (najcz ciej 1990 r.). Zobowi zanie redukcji dotyczy tak zwanego pierwszego okresu rozliczeniowego, to znaczy lat 2008 - 2012. W Protokole z Kioto za gazy cieplarniane uznano koszyk sze ciu gazów, których emisje przeliczane s na równowa nik dwutlenku w gla CO2 (GWP - Global Warning Potential). S to gazy: dwutlenek w gla CO2, metan CH4, podtlenek azotu N2O, fluorowodory (HFCs), perfluorokarbony PFCs, sze ciofluorki siarki SF6. Koszty redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych w poszczególnych krajach i instalacjach s ró ne. Dla realizacji redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych we wszystkich krajach, sygnatariuszach z Kioto, po mo liwie najni szych kosztach, dopuszczono w Protokole trzy tzw. elastyczne mechanizmy redukcji emisji, jak: - handel emisjami (ET), - wspóln realizacj projektów (JI), - mechanizm czystego rozwoju (CDM). Stanisław Lasek, Daniel Borsucki Katowicki Holding W glowy S.A., Katowice EFEKTYWNO PROCESU ZARZ DZANIA ENERGI W KOPALNIACH KHW S.A. EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN MINES OF KATOWICE COAL HOLDING STOCK COMPANY Abstract: On the beginning, there had been characterised Katowice Coal Holding Stock Company – one of the largest consumers of energetic media in Poland, which, in second part of 2002 year entered a competitive electrical energy market and for a number of years carries on optimising process of its consumption. Subsequently there was talked over particular stages of rationalization of energetic media consumption. Much attention was dedicated to initiated program that refers to aspect of “daily quality and quantity controlling” and “monthly cost and financial controlling”. There was shown its mission, objectives and peculiarity of its working in hard coal mining craft. The description of the energetic media management program is crowned with presentation of consumption level and gained effects in years 1996-2004 for particular energetic media. There has been proved that active management of energetic media returns positive financial results. Summation of Katowice Coal Holding, Stock Company activity in the field of media management in years 1996-2004 gives following reduction for one ton of produced coal: - in unitary consumption of electrical energy by ~ 16,8 %, - in unitary consumption of thermal energy by ~ 46 %, - in unitary consumption of compressed air by ~ 29 %, - in unitary consumption of drinkable water by ~ 38,2 %. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Janusz Boczek Ciepłownia Rydułtowy Sp. z o.o., Rydułtowy KOMPLEKSOWE WDRO ENIE ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH NAP DÓW ORAZ AUTOMATYZACJI PRODUKCJI I DYSTRYBUCJI CIEPŁA W CIEPŁOWNI RYDUŁTOWY A COMBINED ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HEAT PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE CIEPLOWNIA RYDULTOWY BOILER HOUSE Abstract: This paper presents the project “A combined energy efficient motors and control system for heat production and distribution in the Cieplownia Rydultowy boiler house”, which has been carrying out in Cieplownia Rydułtowy Ltd in cooperation with the Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency (FEWE). The purpose of this undertaking is improvement of reduction of production costs of the company with minimum effect on environment. Among other things a frequency converter for a motor (160 kW) of a main circulation pump has been assembled. Frequency converters have also been assembled for exhaust and air fans in a boiler (motors with 170 kW total power). Moreover, weather compensation and automatic gain control has been assembled in 23 heat exchangers. Currently other undertakings are carried out thanks to the FEWE financial aid, e.g.: assembling frequency converters for motors in the other boiler, control system for coal combustion in the boiler, replacement of old pumps for pumps with energy efficient motors in heat exchangers and assembling a telemetry system control in a few heat exchangers. These undertakings will bring a notable effects in the form of decrease in electricity and fuel consumption as well as decrease in emission of gases and dusts. Leszek Szychta Politechnika Radomska, Radom ENERGOCHŁONNO ZESTAWU POMPOWEGO PODCZAS ZMIAN PR DKO CI OBROTOWEJ POMPY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PUMPING SET AS A FUNCTION OF VARIABLE ROTATIONAL SPEED Abstract: There is given a definition of water pump efficiency during parallel connected units in the article. The method of efficiency analysis for inverter control system is described. The continuous or intermittent pump running for a day water demand is assumed. The computer calculation results of pump efficiency for real demand are presented. Ryszard Porada, Michał Gwó d Politechnika Pozna ska, Pozna AKTYWNA KOMPENSACJA RÓWNOLEGŁA Z ZASTOSOWANIEM SZEROKOPASMOWEGO ENERGOELEKTRONICZNEGO RÓDŁA PR DU ACTIVE SHUNT COMPENSATION WITH APPLICATION BROAD-BAND POWER ELECTRONIC SOURCE CURRENT Abstract: In this work we present main reasons of deterioration of power quality and interference in distribution power network. Further we determine required control interaction which improve work conditions of this network and discuss practicability of other different compensation systems. We present a proposal of main structure of shunt active compensation systems. We talk over tasks, methods and control algorithms. Structure of control algorithms (numerical structure of digital filters, digital Fourier transform) and required high precision control indicate to application of signal processors. For realization of practical systems we used floating-point digital signal processor ADSP21065L, Analog Devices Inc. Some selected results of investigations on laboratory models of active shunt compensation systems are also presented. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Ryszard Porada, Michał Gwó d Politechnika Pozna ska, Pozna SZEROKOPASMOWE FALOWNIKI ENERGOELEKTRONICZNE NAPI CIA I PR DU BROAD-BAND POWER ELECTRONIC INVERTERS OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT Abstract: Dynamic changes of parameters of energy sources and receivers are reasons that decrease exactitude of static and dynamic output signals towards reference signals. To improve these parameters, more advanced solutions of power electronics inverters are necessary. One of them are controlled voltage (current) sources. These special inverters may find many applications: as part of active compensation systems of voltage deformations in power network, in systems with power flow controllers, power electronics voltage reference generators as well as in modern electrical drives. Proposed by the authors structure of voltage (current) source is based on work of these systems in closed loop of negative feedback, controlled in PWM system with constant carrier frequency, where classical regulators are replaced by wide band filters. In the present work authors undertook test of use of adaptive digital filters for enlargements of exactitude work of these systems. The paper presents characteristics of system working in closed loop of feedback and shows basic quantities describing such system. Authors placed practical researches results of systems for different reference signals and conditions, where power electronic source has been tested as the power reference voltage (current) generator. Krzysztof Bie kowski*, Adam Rogalski**, Marcin Flaszczy ski*** Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa DOBÓR PARAMETRÓW KONSTRUKCYJNYCH SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZEŁ CZALNEGO ORAZ ICH WPŁYW NA CHARAKTERYSTYKI STATYCZNE MOMENTU ASSORTMENT OF CONSTRUCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON STATIC TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS Abstract: The influences of geometrical parameters of three phase 12/8 SRM on static torque were presented on this paper. Electromagnetic torque was obtained in result of solving FEM magnetostatic model of the motor. Assortment of internal stator diameter, breaths of the poles in dependence of external stator diameter for maximum torque was presented. Krzysztof Bie kowski*, Bogdan Bucki**, Adam Rogalski***, Krzysztof Tomczuk**** Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa WPŁYW PARAMETRÓW KONSTRUKCYJNYCH NA T TNIENIA MOMENTU CZTEROPASMOWEGO SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZEŁ CZALNEGO INFLUENCE OF CONSTRUCTIONAL PARAMETERS ON TORQUE RIPPLES IN FOUR PHASE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR Abstract: Static torque characteristics and influence of the geometrical parameters of four phase 8/6 SRM on torque ripples coefficent were presented on this paper. The Switched Reluctance Motor is being considered for a numerous applications, which require variable speed, high efficenty, fault tolerance and low torque ripples. Design of efective machine require using of FEM model to estimation of the set of geometrical and material parameters. Electromagnetic torque of four phase SRM was obtained in result of solving FEM magnetostatic model. Dependence of torque ripples of the internal stator diameter, breath of the stator pole and the breath of rotor pole were presented and no extremum in that characteristisc was found. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Piotr Drozdowski, Zbigniew Szular Cracow University of Technology, Cracow ENERGY EFFICIENT TWO STAGE STARTING OF CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS DWUETAPOWY ROZRUCH ENERGOOSZCZ DNY SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH KLATKOWYCH Streszczenie: „Dwuetapowy rozruch energooszcz dny silników indukcyjnych klatkowych”. W artykule zaproponowano rozruch silników indukcyjnych klatkowych kształtowany dwuetapowo: pocz tkowo poprzez regulacj cz stotliwo ci i napi cia według odpowiedniego prawa sterowania zapewniaj cego dana dynamik a nast pnie poprzez regulacj jedynie napi cia (od cz stotliwo ci wi kszej od ok. 20 Hz). Rozruch cz stotliwo ciowy zapewnia zwi kszenie strumienia skojarzonego wirnika a przez to zmniejszenie pr dów fazowych i w efekcie zaoszcz dzenie pobieranej przez silnik energii. Ponadto dynamika nap du w tym zakresie mo e by łatwo sterowana w zale no ci od celu i algorytmu sterowania. W drugim etapie rozruch jest kształtowany przy stałej cz stotliwo ci i regulowanym napi ciu. Jako urz dzenie energoelektroniczne słu ce temu celowi zastosowano cyklokonvertor gwiazdowy pracuj cy w drugim etapie rozruchu jako trójfazowy sterownik mocy. Zaproponowan metod rozruchu uzasadniono teoretycznie oraz zilustrowano odpowiednimi przebiegami. Ludwik Antal, Maciej Antal, Jan Zawilak Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław WPŁYW SZEROKO CI OTWARCIA ŁOBKÓW NA PARAMETRY EKSPLOATACYJNE SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO MAŁEJ MOCY INFLUENCE OF SLOTS WIDTH OPENING ON THE OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A SMALL POWER INDUCTION MOTOR Abstract: The work presents calculation results of a small (1.5 kW) squirrel cage induction motor. The influence of slots width opening on efficiency and other operating characteristics of the motor was examined. The efficiency calculations were realized by finding distribution of time-harmonic magnetic field in a two-dimensional field-circuit motor model. Calculations for different combination of stator and rotor slot width openings showed influence of these geometric parameters on shape of magnetic field in motor air-gap. Field harmonic analysis shows that there is a possibility to decrease slot harmonics and in consequence, increase motor efficiency and other parameters. Stanisław Rawicki Politechnika Pozna ska, Pozna NOWOCZESNY SYSTEM STEROWANIA POJAZDU TRAMWAJOWEGO PRZY MINIMUM ZU YCIA ENERGII ELEKTRYCZNEJ MODERN SYSTEM OF CONTROL OF TRAM VEHICLE AT MINIMUM ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION Abstract: The paper deals with the tram vehicle control according to the criterion of the minimum use of the electric energy. The calculations and investigations show that for the given interstop distance and the ride time (the given time-table, the same average speed), the different types of the tram traffic are possible. The optimization of the tram vehicle run consists in determination of duration of the starting phase, the running with the constant speed, the coasting stage and the braking phase in order to attain the minimum electric energy use. Within the framework of the tram traffic in the city conditions, various disturbances can appear. In this paper, the influence of the local and global limitations of the vehicle speed on the values of the energy consumption is analysed. The local velocity reductions can appear both in the initial part of the ride and inside the interstop traffic. An application of power electronics devices makes possible the realization of the recuperation of the electric energy during the tram vehicle braking. The paper deals also with comparison of the values of the energy consumption at various disturbances of the tram traffic and for two different cases, when the energy recovery during the braking exists or Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 doesn’t occur. For every type of the tram ride, the duration of the individual phases of the traffic is calculated with the aim of achievement the minimum electric energy use. The suitable energy optimum control of the tram vehicle at various perturbations of the city traffic can ensure the electric energy savings equal to even 30 %. Jerzy Przybylski, Zbigniew Szulc Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa WPŁYW STRUKTURY OBWODU WEJ CIOWEGO PRZEMIENNIKA CZ STOTLIWO CI NA EFEKTYWNO ENERGETYCZN UKŁADU NAP DOWEGO IMPACT OF THE FRONT END CONVERTER TOPOLOGY ON ECONOMIAL FACTORS OF THE ELECTRICAL DRIVE SYSTEMS Abstract: Resulting from norms, disposals and other norms are used, but also from the need of rationalization of managing the electric energy in supply electrical receivers used in propulsion schemes (mainly big power – above 100kW) power electronics converters. This paper presents methods of selecting input circuits of frequency converters and its influence on level of electrical energy losses. Selecting of installations backed-up with calculations very often leads to solutions in which the same effect of applying the working machine’s speed regulator allows to gain fewer power losses and smaller affect on the energy source. Some of the results of tasted high power driving systems have been also described. Paweł Zalas, Jan Zawilak Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław SYNCHRONIZACJA SILNIKÓW SYNCHRONICZNYCH PRZEZ STEROWANIE PR DEM WZBUDZENIA SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS CONTROL OF EXCITATION CURRENT VALUE Abstract: The work presents calculation results of synchronization process of a two−speed, silent−pole, high power synchronous motor. The calculations were based on the examined two-dimensional, field-circuit model for the high power motor, type GAe 1716/20p with switchable configuration connection of armature winding and field magnet. The motor characteristics make it suitable for drives of fan – type machines. The work presents description of computable model and general parameters of analyzed two−speed motor. The influence of the synchronization moment on stator currents, electromagnetic torque and shaft velocity, during synchronization process with nominal excitation voltage and high value of load torque, was examined. The influence of the excitation voltage value greater than nominal, during synchronization process with high value of load torque, on stator currents, electromagnetic torque and shaft velocity was analyzed. The influence of the method control of excitation current, during synchronization process witch high value of load torque was also investigated. Dynamic diagrams of stator currents, excitation current, excitation voltage, electromagnetic torque and shaft velocity during synchronization process as results of computer simulation are presented. Jerzy Hickiewicz, Sławomir Szymaniec, P. Trzeciak, Politechnika Opolska, Opole Zbigniew Ławrowski, Energotest-Diagnostyka, Opole PRÓBA OCENY EKONOMICZNEJ DIAGNOSTYKI MASZYN ELEKTRYCZNYCH THE ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC MACHINES DIAGNOSIS Abstract: This paper presents an attempt of the economic assessment of high voltage squirrel-cage induction motors diagnosis. Costs of diagnostic measurement of stator winding insulation have been estimated. These costs have been compared to the costs of possible repairs. Diagnosis costs have been also compared to the costs of energy used by these machines. Costs of diagnosis which has been done internally are compared to the costs of an external service, taking into account the amount of machines in the plant. Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005 Henryk Banach Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin METODA POMIARU NAPI INDUKOWANYCH W UZWOJENIU TWORNIKA OBCI ONEJ MASZYNY PR DU STAŁEGO MEASUREMENT METHOD OF GENERATED VOLTAGE IN ARMATURE WINDING OF DC LOADED MACHINE Abstract: In the article a new measurment method of generated voltage in armature winding is presented. The method makes possibility to measure a generated voltage in d.c. loaded machines. The method is very con-venient and needs only the simple testing in the motoring and generatoring mode. The generated voltage is the arithmetic mean of measured armature voltages on motor and generator operation by given armature and field current. An additional advantage by testing is any need to know an armature circuit resistances. The verificat-ion of the new method was made on d.c. shunt motor ( P=1,5 kW, U=220 V, n=1450 rpm).