ANDREAEA NIVALIS (ANDREAEACEAE, MUSCI) NEW TO THE

Polish Botanical Journal 47(1): 45–47, 2002
ANDREAEA NIVALIS (ANDREAEACEAE, MUSCI) NEW TO THE
KARKONOSZE MTS (SW POLAND)
EWA FUDALI & JAN KUČERA
Abstract: Andreaea nivalis Hook., known in Poland only from the Tatra Mts previously, is reported from the Karkonosze Mts; this
is the first record for the whole range of the Sudety Mts. The distribution of the moss in Poland is reviewed and a brief description
of the site in the Karkonosze Mts is provided.
Key words: Andreaea, glacial relicts, Karkonosze, Sudety Mts, Carpathians, Tatra Mts, Poland
Ewa Fudali, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Agricultural University, ul. Cybulskiego 32, PL-50-205 Wrocław, Poland;
e-mail: [email protected]
Jan Kučera, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic; e-mail: [email protected]
The first author has been carrying out a bryofloristic survey of the Śnieżne Kotły glacier cirques
(Polish side of the Karkonosze/Krkonoše Mts)
since 2000 within the framework of a three-year
research project supported by the State Committee
for Scientific Research. Among other results (Fudali 2001; Fudali & Kučera, in prep.), the survey
recently yielded the discovery of the moss species
Andreaea nivalis Hook. not previously reported
from the Karkonosze Mts – neither the Polish nor
the Czech side of the range. Details for the site are
as follows:
POLAND. WESTERN KARKONOSZE MTS, Mały
Śnieżny Kocioł glacier cirque (UTM square 33UWS
393 256; ATMOS grid square Ea-78), E part of the cirque, NNW slope, 160 m N of TV transmitter, 850 m
WNW of top of Wielki Szyszak Mt. 1380 m; inclined
(<45°) naked granite block with trickling water beneath
patches of persistent snow, associated with Racomitrium aciculare, R. aquaticum, R. fasciculare and Philonotis seriata. 15 Aug. 2001, leg. E. Fudali 1/2001 EF,
det. J. Kučera (herb. Fudali, KRAM-B).
The species is widespread in the northern part
of the Holarctic region (Schultze-Motel 1970) –
Scotland, Fennoscandia, northern Russia (records
for Murmansk area, Novaya Zemlya and Kamchatka), Japan, NW North America (Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon) and Greenland, and also
forms isolated islands in the European high mountains (Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians). SchultzeMotel (1970) describes Andreaea nivalis as an
arctic-alpine moss with an oceanic distribution
range that avoids continental areas of Eurasia and
North America. Scattered sites of Andreaea nivalis in the high mountains of Central and Southern Europe indicate the relict character of this
species outside its circumpolar range (Szweykowski 1956; Jeník 1997).
The ecology of Andreaea nivalis is rather distinctive. It grows on wet acidic rocks but commonly also on raw sandy soil, typically in snowbeds or close to streams flushed by water from
melting snow or ice, sometimes completely inundated, in the subalpine to upper alpine belt
(Schultze-Motel 1970; Murray 1988). The new locality is one of the lowest in Central Europe (the
recorded altitudinal minimum is 1300 m in the
Western Tatra Mts of the Western Carpathians, but
the altitude reading is questionable; all other data
from the area are over 1700 m).
From the floristic point of view, the new find is
quite remarkable. Bryofloristically, the massif of
the Karkonosze/Krkonoše Mts is considered to be
one of the best-explored mountain ranges in Europe if not the best-explored mountain range in the
world, thanks to surveys done nearly continuously
46
since the end of the 18th century. The most records
were given in the second half of the 19th century
and the first decades of the 20th century (Milde
1869; Limpricht 1876; Limpricht 1930) but recently increased bryological activity has been initiated on both sides of the range (Kučera & Buryová 2001; Fudali 2001), to assess the present state
and historical changes in the flora. Mały Śnieżny
Kocioł cirque is one of the best-surveyed places in
the Karkonosze Mts and Andreaea nivalis is
a well-known and distinctive species, easy to recognize by the presence of costa and a denticulate
margin (Nyholm 1969; Schultze-Motel 1970).
The Karkonosze Mts are a refuge for several
subarctic-(sub)alpine mosses such as Arctoa fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp., Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp., Dicranum elongatum
Schleich. ex Schwägr., Kiaeria glacialis (Berggr.)
I. Hagen, Pohlia ludwigii (Spreng. ex Schwägr.)
Broth., Polytrichastrum sexangulare (Brid.) G. L.
Sm. and Tortula euryphylla R. H. Zander which
have survived from the Ice Age to this day at isolated sites (Limpricht 1930; Jeník 1997). Andreaea nivalis adds to this list of glacial relicts and
also to the list of such representatives found only
in cirques on the Polish side of the range [e.g., Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin, Dicranodontium uncinatum (Harv.) A. Jaeger, Schistidium
flexipile (Lindb. ex Broth.) G. Roth].
To date in Poland, Andreaea nivalis was reported only from the Tatra Mts and almost the all
stations were situated in the High Tatras (Krupa
1882; Chałubiński 1886; Żmuda 1912; Lisowski
1959; Balcerkiewicz 1984; Ochyra & Cisło 1999).
The map of the current distribution of the species
in Poland, according to the ATMOS grid square
system (Ochyra & Szmajda 1981), is shown in
Fig. 1. It refers to the published data and to the
herbarium specimens reported below.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: POLAND. Grid
square Ge-50 – HIGH TATRAS: Staw Ga˛sienicowy lake,
granite rocks below long-cover snow, 13 August 1957,
leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM B-42745); below the last lake
of the Dolina Ga˛sienicowa valley, 13 August 1957, leg.
S. Lisowski 64712 (POZG-1746); Dolina Ga˛sienicowa
valley, alt. 1700 m, hiking trail between the Czarny
Staw Ga˛sienicowy and Zmarzły Staw lakes, 29 August
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 47(1). 2002.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Fig. 1. Distribution of Andreaea nivalis Hook. in Poland.
1990, leg. H. Bednarek-Ochyra & R. Ochyra (KRAM
B-90384), Musci Poloniae exsiccati no. 814; Zmarzły
Staw lake, rock below persistent snow, 12 August 1957,
leg. S. Lisowski, det. R. Ochyra (KRAM B-79606,
84223, Musci Poloniae exsiccati no. 1017); below
Zmarzły Staw lake, 20 July 1957, leg. S. Lisowski
63908, (POZG-1744), 12 August 1957, leg. S. Lisowski
65441, (POZG-1743); above Zmarzły Staw lake at Kościelec Mt., 12 July 1957, leg. S. Lisowski (POZG-1738,
Bryotheca Polonica fasc. XXV no. 653b); Zawrat Mt.,
July 1908, leg. A. Żmuda (KRAM B-1013); N slope of
Zawrat Mt., 26 July 1955, leg. S. Lisowski (POZG1742, 1739); below Zawrat Mt., 29 August 1912, leg.
A. Żmuda (KRAM B-9491); Świnica Mt., alt. 2290 m,
7 August 1986, leg. J. J. Wójcicki, det. R. Ochyra (KRAM
B-89855), Musci Poloniae exsiccati no. 915; Kozia Dolinka valley below Kozi Wierch Mt., alt. 1950 m, on
flushed rocks, 29 August 1912, leg. A. Żmuda (KRAM
B-124); Dolina Pańszczyca valley, granite rocks in persistent snow, 18 July 1966, leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM
B-127472); slope of Mała Koszysta Mt. on the Dolina
Pańszczyca valley side, alt. 1780 m, 18 July 1966, leg.
S. Lisowski (KRAM B-127466); Dubrawiska Mt. alt.
1550 m, 17 July 1966, leg. S. Lisowski (POZG-1753).
– Grid square Ge-60 – HIGH TATRAS: Dolina Pie˛ciu Stawów Polskich valley below Miedziane Mt., 18 July
1957, leg. S. Lisowski, det. R. Ochyra (KRAM
B-86271); Dolina Pie˛ciu Stawów Polskich valley above
Zadni Staw Polski lake, 26 August 1956, leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM B-35181), Bryotheca Polonica fasc. XV no.
E. FUDALI & J. KUČERA: ANDREAEA NIVALIS NEW TO THE KARKONOSZE MTS
47
402; Liptowskie Mury ridge in Dolina Pie˛ciu Stawów
Polskich valley, 18 July 1957, leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM
B-127468, POZG-1755); Błe˛kitna Przełe˛cz pass towards
Dolina Pie˛ciu Stawów Polskich valley, alt. 2130 m,
7 August 1986, leg. J. J. Wójcicki, det. R. Ochyra
(KRAM B-89940); Dolina Mie˛guszowiecka valley at
Morskie Oko lake, alt. 1750 m, 5 September 1912, leg.
A. Żmuda (KRAM B-127465); Czarny Staw lake, granite rocks, 1918, leg. A. Rehmann (KRAM B-126490);
Dolina za Mnichem valley, alt. 1790 m, 2 August 1957,
leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM B-35428), Bryotheca Polonica
fasc. XXV, no. 653a); S slope of Cubryna Mt. alt. 2050 m,
2 August 1957, leg. S. Lisowski (KRAM B-35430,
Bryotheca Polonica fasc. XXV no. 653c).
KRUPA J. 1882. Bryological notes . Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyjogr.
16: 170–204 (in Polish).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We thank the curators of KRAM-B
(Dr. Halina Bednarek-Ochyra) and POZG (Dr. Anna
Rusińska) for allowing us to study the Andreaea nivalis
collections, Professor Ryszard Ochyra (Kraków) for
valuable remarks, and the two anonymous reviewers for
helpful remarks on the manuscript. This work was supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research
(KBN grant 6 P04C 03419).
MILDE J. 1869. Bryologia Silesiaca. Laubmoos-Flora von
Nord- und Mittel-Deutschland. A. Felix, Leipzig.
KUČERA J. & BURYOVÁ B. 2001. Bryofloristic survey of the
summit region of the Eastern Krkonoše Mts. (Czech Republic). Opera Corcontica 36(1999): 105–132.
LIMPRICHT K. G. 1876. Laubmoose. In: F. COHN (ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien, pp. 27–224. J. U. Kern’s Verlag, Breslau.
LIMPRICHT W. 1930. Die Pflanzenwelt der Schneegruben im
Riesengebirge. Bot. Jahrb. 63(3): 1–74.
LISOWSKI S. 1959. Materials to the bryoflora of the Tatra
Mountains. Pozn. Tow. Przyj. Nauk Wydz. Mat.-Przyr., Pr.
Kom. Biol. 21(2): 21–149 (in Polish with English summary).
MURRAY B. 1988. The genus Andreaea in Britain and Ireland.
J. Bryol. 15: 17–82.
NYHOLM E. 1969. Illustrated moss flora of Fennoscandia. II.
Musci. Fasc. 6: 689–765. The Botanical Society of Lund.
Stockholm.
REFERENCES
OCHYRA R. & CISŁO G. 1999. The moss herbarium of Tytus
Chałubiński in the Tatra Museum in Zakopane. Polish Bot.
Stud. Guidebook Series 22: 1–178 (in Polish with English
summary).
BALCERKIEWICZ S. 1984. High-mountain vegetation of the Five
Polish Lakes Valley in the Tatra Mountains and its anthropogenic changes. Wyd. Nauk. UAM, Poznań, Ser. Biologia 25: 3–225,(in Polish with English summary).
OCHYRA R. & SZMAJDA P. 1981. La cartographie bryologique
en Pologne. In: J. SZWEYKOWSKI (ed.), New perspectives in
bryotaxonomy and bryogeography. A. Mickiewicz University, Ser. Biologia 20: 105–110.
CHAŁUBIŃSKI T. 1886. Enumeratio muscorum frondosum tatrensium hucusque cognitorum. Pam. Fizyjogr. 6: 170–171.
SCHULTZE-MOTEL W. 1970. Monographie der Laubmoosgattung Andreaea. I. Die costaten Arten. Willdenowia 6:
25–110.
FUDALI E. 2001. Mosses of the żyła bazaltowa (basalt outcrop)
of Mały Śnieżny Cirque (Karkonosze Mts). Ann. Sil. 31:
81–88 (in Polish with English summary).
JENÍK J. 1997. Anemo-orographic systems in the Hercynian
Mts and their effects on biodiversity. Acta Univ. Wratisl.
1950, Prace Instytutu Geograficznego, Ser. C. Meteorologia i Klimatologia 4: 9–21.
SZWEYKOWSKI J. 1956. Materials to the geography of Polish
liverworts. II. Chandonanthus setiformis (Ehrh.) Howe in
Polish Tatras. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 25(4): 603–613 (in
Polish with English summary).
ŻMUDA A. J. 1912. Bryotheca Polonica. 3. Nr. 101–150. Musci
Tatrenses. Kosmos 37: 662–670 (in Polish).
Received 18 March 2002