sposoby_okreslania_przyszlosci

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Sposoby określania przyszłości
Czas Future Simple służy do opisu czynności, która według opinii osoby mówiącej
nastąpi w czasie przyszłym. Stopień pewności, jaki określa Future Simple jest zwykle
niewielki, dlatego czas ten stosuje się do wyrażenia przypuszczenia lub przeczucia.
Często zdarza się, że zdanie w czasie Future Simple poprzedzone jest innym
czasownikiem wyrażającym przypuszczenie np.
believe
wierzyć
expect
spodziewać się
guess
domyślać się
suppose
przypuszczać
think
myśleć/uważać że
(I believe) we will win the game tomorrow.
(We expect) our son will pass his driving test.
(I guess) they will arrive late.
(I suppose) my parents will be angry.
(She thinks) it will rain next Sunday.
Żadne z powyższych zdań nie wyraża pewności, a jedynie przypuszczenie.
Większy stopień prawdopodobieństwa wyraża zwrot ‘be going to’ - ‘zamierzać’. Służy
on do wyrażania planów lub zamiarów. Zdanie zbudowane w oparciu o konstrukcję ‘be
going to’ podkreśla, że dana osoba już wcześniej podjęła jakieś decyzje lub kroki
zmierzające do realizacji określonego zamierzenia.
I am going to have a rest next weekend.
We are going to take a lot of photographs in the mountains.
Sally is going to buy a new bicycle.
Our neighbours are going to move out in five months.
Adam is going to find a new job soon.
Największy stopień prawdopodobieństwa, niemalże stuprocentową pewność, że dana
czynność nastąpi lub zostanie zrealizowana wyraża czas Present Continuous. Czas
ten wyraża pewność, że czynność ta dojdzie do skutku w określonym momencie
w przyszłości. Czas takiej czynności jest zwykle zdefiniowany tak, aby uniknąć
niepewności, czy jest to czynność już trwająca, czy też czynność mająca nastąpić.
My parents are coming back. (now) - My parents are coming back tomorrow.
Moi rodzice wracają (teraz).
Moi rodzice wracają jutro.
The Greys are leaving (now). - The Greys are leaving next week.
Państwo Grey wyjeżdżają (teraz).
Państwo Grey wyjeżdżają w przyszłym tygodniu.
I am going to London. - I am going to London next month.
Jadę do Londynu (teraz).
Jadę do Londynu w przyszłym miesiącu.
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Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166
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I. Podaj poprawną odpowiedź.
1. I think my favourite football team are winning / will win the game.
2. Next Saturday, my cousin will organize / is organising a party.
3. Look at those heavy clouds. It will rain / is going to rain.
4. I suppose my bus will come / is going to come late again.
5. Judy says she is going to become / is becoming a painter when she grows up.
6. I will buy / am going to buy this picture because I like it very much.
7. Hurry up! We are leaving / will leave in five minutes.
8. Harry expects that he is going to study / will study in Oxford.
9. You can’t take this room. We will take / are taking it.
10. Tomorrow, the sun will rise / is rising at four twenty.
II. Uzupełnij zdania czasownikiem w poprawnej formie.
1. We hope it ........................................ (be) a sunny day tomorrow.
2. My grandmother ........................................ (visit) us next week.
3. Our suitcases are already packed. We ........................................ (leave) at twelve.
4. I suppose you ........................................ (lose) your job soon.
5. Alex has got his tent. He ........................................ (sleep) in the open air.
6. Mr Holmes expects that the workers ........................................ (go) on strike.
7. Dave’s mother is waiting for us. She ........................................ (give) us a ride back
home.
8. I have stopped eating sweets. I ........................................ (lose) weight.
9. John is trying on a suit in a shop. He ........................................ (buy) it.
10. Monica thinks that she ........................................ (find) a better job abroad.
III. Uzupełnij dialogi czasownikami w poprawnej formie.
1. Alice: ‘What are you doing in the afternoon, Jane?’
Jane: ‘I ........................................ (help) my parents in the garden.’
2. Rick: ‘Ouch! I have hurt myself on the leg. I can’t walk.’
Paul: ‘Don’t move and just wait here. I ........................................ (call) for help.’
3. Mr Abbot: ‘It has been raining all day.’
Mr Green: ‘I guess it ........................................ (rain) tomorrow as well.’
4. Helen: ‘Have you got any plans for your holidays, James?’
James: ’Of course, I have. In July, I ........................................ (go) to Paris and in
August my friends from France ........................................ (come) to me.’
5. Mrs Grey: ‘Does your husband still work in the company?’
Mrs Blue: ‘Yes, he does, But he ........................................ (retire) next year.’
6. Susan: ‘Hi Lisa! How are you? You look so happy. What’s the good news?’
Lisa: ‘Hi! I am really happy because I ........................................ (meet) Frank today.’
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IV. 1. … going to rain. 2. I am not going to change the job. 3. She is not going to
take part in the marathon. 4. We are not going to miss the train. 5. I am not
going to bake a cake. 6. They are not going to take a rest.
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Sposoby określania przyszłości
I. 1. will win 2. is organising 3. is going to rain 4. will come 5. is going to become
6. am going to buy 7. are leaving 8. will study 9. are taking 10. will rise
II. 1. will be 2. is visiting/is going to visit 3. are leaving 4. will lose 5. is going to
sleep 6. will go 7. is giving 8. am going to lose 9. is going to buy 10. will find
III. 1. am helping 2. will call 3. will rain 4. am going, are coming 5. is going to retire
6. am meeting
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Czasowniki modalne
I. 1. Przykład 2. I can draw but I can’t paint. 3. Brian can ride a bicycle but he can’t
drive a car. 4. We can swim but we can’t sail a boat. 5. You can ski but you
can’t skate. 6. Tommy can speak but he can’t write. 7. They can serve food
but they can’t cook. 8. The cat can jump high but it can’t run very fast.
II. 1. Przykład 2. he could play the guitar 3. he could cook 4. she could write
poems 5. we could build one 6. I could repair clocks 7. they could play it
8. it could speak
III. Przykłady zdań:
A pilot can fly a plane. A pilot cannot design buildings.
An accountant can count well. An accountant cannot make furniture.
An architect can design buildings. An architect cannot cut hair.
A barber can cut hair. A barber cannot fly a plane.
A vet can look after animals. A vet cannot serve food.
A waiter can serve food. A waiter cannot make furniture.
A carpenter can make furniture. A carpenter cannot count well.
IV. 1. Could, could 2. can’t 3. could, can’t 4. couldn’t 5. can’t 6. couldn’t 7. can’t
8. couldn’t
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Czasowniki modalne ‘may’ i ‘might’
I. 1. Przykład 2. Tom may ride a bike but he may not drive a car. 3. We may go to
the cinema but we may not go to a disco. 4. Eva may sunbathe but she may
not swim in the sea. 5. The girl may eat chocolate but she may not drink Coke.
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sposoby_okreslania_przyszlosci

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