80 Bezokolicznik i `Gerund`

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80
Bezokolicznik i ‘Gerund’
W zdaniach złożonych często dwa czasowniki zajmują miejsce obok siebie. W języku
angielskim istnieje kilka wariantów połączenia dwóch lub więcej czasowników w zdaniu.
W języku polskim drugi czasownik - występujący po orzeczeniu - ma postać
bezokolicznika np.
Ja chcę oglądać telewizję.
On lubi biegać.
Ona nienawidzi robić prania.
Podobna możliwość istnieje w języku angielskim. Angielski czasownik w postaci
pełnego bezokolicznika występuje z partykułą ‘to’ np.
to sleep
to wait
to open
to close
to write
Niepełny bezokolicznik występuje bez partykuły ‘to’.
Czasowniki w formie niepełnego bezokolicznika występują po czasownikach modalnych
(z wyjątkiem ‘ought to’ i ‘used to’) np.
I can tell you the time. Frank may go to the disco. They should apologise to us.
We will travel by train. You will not watch the news. Eric would be in trouble.
Czasowniki w pełnym bezokoliczniku występują po następujących czasownikach:
agree begin expect forget learn like love manage plan start try want
Tom agreed to bring his tape recorder. I expect to finish the work before noon.
We are planning to visit Vienna next month. I will try to learn French well.
He never forgets to water the flowers. Mary learnt to drive last year.
Innym wariantem jest forma ‘Gerund’. Tworzy się ją przy pomocy końcówki ‘-ing’.
smile - smiling
play - playing
smoke - smoking
make - making
Forma ‘Gerund’ występuje po następujących czasownikach:
begin
enjoy
finish
hate
like
love
mind
prefer
regret
start
Niektóre czasowniki mogą występować z obydwoma formami.
Fiona began learning / to learn at 6 a.m. I hate doing shopping.
Mike likes playing / to play chess. Do you mind opening the window?
I regret calling my friend names. Thomas enjoys listening to classical music.
When did you finish writing the book? Celina prefers sunbathing to swimming.
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Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166
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I. Uzupełnij zdania czasownikami w poprawnej formie.
1. We wanted ................................. (visit) the Royal Palace but we had too little time.
2. My little brother likes ................................. (read) fairy tales.
3. I do not mind ................................. (play) a game on a rainy day.
4. Where did Peter learn ................................. (speak) French so well?
5. Mr Ryan doesn’t enjoy ................................. (work) in the garden.
6. Can you ................................. (stand) on your hands?
7. The wind started ................................. (blow) at night.
8. I expected ................................. (meet) my favourite football player in Manchester.
9. Is it true that Adam hates ................................. (learn) languages?
10. Don’t forget ................................. (water) the flowers.
11. Did Mrs Shean agree ................................. (lend) us her vacuum-cleaner?
12. The mechanic has just finished ................................. (repair) your car.
13. I think you should ................................. (listen) to your parents.
14. When we were younger, we used ................................. (be) close friends.
15. What are you planning ................................. (do) this evening?
II. Uzupełnij zdania właściwymi czasownikami w poprawnej formie.
be
disturb
find
keep
replace
scream
take
visit
1. I will try ................................. the punctured tyre as fast as I can.
2. If we made a mess, our mother would ................................. very angry.
3. Mr Jones is in a good shape. He loves ................................. fit.
4. Your map is not good. You will never manage ................................. the treasure.
5. I see you are busy. I don’t want ................................. you now, so I will come later.
6. Mary says she enjoys ................................. photographs of nature.
7. The pupils started ................................ when the teacher went out of the classroom.
8. Do they mind ................................. the castle in such a big group?
III. Napisz odpowiedzi do pytań stosując poprawną formę czasowników.
1. ‘Are you a good cook?’
2. ‘When will you be in Rome?’
3. ‘What about your future?’
4. ‘Have you got a newspaper?’
5. ‘Are you still reading the book?’
6. ‘Does Tom like basketball?’
7. ‘What did your mother say?’
8. ‘How do you feel about it now?’
9. ‘What is the man doing?’
10. ‘Is it wrong if I smoke here?’
No, I ................................................... (hate / cook).
I ....................................... (expect / arrive) at noon.
I ................................. (want / become) a musician.
No, I ............................................... (forget / buy) it.
No, I .............................. (finish / read) it last week.
Yes, he ........................................... (enjoy / play) it.
She ......................................... (agree / go) with us.
I ................................... (regret / behave) so rudely.
He .......................................... (try / open) the gate.
No, I ....................................... (mind / smoke) here.
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IV. 1. If I work harder, I will earn more money. 2. If you oversleep, you will miss the
sunrise. 3. If it snows, we will make a snowman. 4. If Jim does not get better,
he will go to hospital. 5. If they make noise, Mr Dean will be angry. 6. If we feel
tired, we will not go to the party. 7. If Sue does not apologise, I will not talk to
her. 8. If the phone rings, Ms Lee will answer it.
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Tryb warunkowy II
I. If the shops were open, people would go shopping.
If you worked better, the boss would pay you more.
If John had a girlfriend, he would not feel lonely.
If the weather improved, we would go for a walk.
If today were Sunday, I would not have to go to work.
II. 1. We would buy a car if somebody lent us some cash.
2. It would be better if you talked to your teachers.
3. If Mr Hicks had a garden, he would have something to do.
4. I would be seasick if we travelled by ship.
5. If Nigel left for a long time, Ann would miss him a lot.
6. If we had matches, we would make a bonfire.
7. Everybody would like you if you weren’t so mean.
8. She wouldn’t be so popular if she weren’t an actress.
III. 1. was/were, would 2. would not work, was/were 3. would get, stopped 4. had,
would be 5. would not jog, was/were 6. would not know, did not work 7. would
come, were not 8. behaved, would not punish 9. had, would write 10. would
not look, cut
IV. 1. Tom would not be sad if he had more friends. 2. Joe would not come late if he
got up earlier. 3. Alice would not be so fat if she stopped overeating. 4. The
teacher would not reprimand us so often if we behaved better. 5. My father
would not have to get up at dawn if he did not travel to work 100 kilometres.
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Bezokolicznik i ‘Gerund’
I. 1. to visit 2. to read/reading 3. playing 4. to speak 5. working 6. stand
7. to blow/blowing 8. to meet 9. learning 10. to water 11. to lend 12. repairing
13. listen 14. to be 15. to do
II. 1. to replace 2. be 3. keeping/to keep 4. to find 5. to disturb 6. taking
7. screaming/to scream 8. visiting
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III. 1. hate cooking 2. expect to arrive 3. want to become 4. have forgotten to buy
5. finished reading 6. enjoys playing 7. agreed to go 8. regret behaving
9. is trying to open 10. don’t mind smoking
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Konstrukcje bezokolicznikowe
I. 1. Przykład 2. People go to a restaurant to have a meal. 3. People go to
a supermarket to do shopping. 4. People go to a travel agent to buy a trip.
5. People go to a disco to dance. 6. People go to a post office to send letters.
7. People go to a library to borrow books. 8. People go to a bank to open an
account. 9. People go to a café to drink coffee. 10. People go to school to
learn.
II. 1. Peter brought the ladder to climb onto the roof. 2. Mary went to church to pray.
3. Mr Amber stopped his car to check the tyres. 4. The hunter loaded his rifle to
kill the bear. 5. I switched on the TV to watch cartoons.
III. 1. Przykład 2. Mr Thuram asked his wife to buy him a packet of biscuits.
3. The teacher reminded his students to write a summary. 4. Helen advised her
best friend to apologise to the boy. 5. Michael told Ronald to bring his records
back on Friday. 6. Ms Phillips expects her pupils to behave better.
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Imiesłów czynny - ‘Present participle’
I. 1. playing children 2. falling snow 3. running water 4. quarrelling men
5. breaking walls 6. waiting people 7. burning meat 8. blowing wind
II. 1. I can see some men running. 2. I am listening to the Pope preaching.
3. I noticed a fox escaping. 4. I smelt milk burning. 5. I can hear wolves howling.
6. I am watching Mr Grey working. 7. I saw an aeroplane landing. 8. I heard
a girl screaming.
III. 1. I saw Andrew kissing Paula. 2. I noticed George dropping litter. 3. We are
observing the birds building a nest. 4. My friend heard Nicole telling a lie.
5. I was listening to you playing the guitar. 6. I noticed the man stealing the bag.
7. I saw Mr Turner using the computer. 8. I can hear her shouting. 9. I am
listening to the canary singing. 10. We are watching our children playing
together.
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80 Bezokolicznik i `Gerund`

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