Steciana 13_04_2010.indd

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCLXXXVIII
Botanika – Steciana
,
www.up.poznan.pl/steciana
THE ANOMODONTO‐LEUCODONTETUM SCIUROIDIS WIŚN.
BRYOPHYTE COMMUNITY NEW FOR TURKEY
,
-
ISSN
-
AN EPIPHYTIC
ATABAY DÜZENLI, TULAY EZER, RECEP KARA
A. Düzenli, Çukurova University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology,
Adana, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]
T. Ezer, Niğde University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology,
Niğde, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]
R. Kara, Niğde University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology,
Niğde, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]
(Received: December ,
. Accepted: May
,
)
ABSTRACT. Based on
relevés, the Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis typicum and A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis subass. nov. (Neckerion complanatae alliance) is described and characterised as
a new epiphytic subassociation from the Amanos range (East Mediterranean Turkey). In addition life form
and life strategy analysis is carried out reflecting a distinct correlation between life forms, strategies and
ecological site conditions. More hygrophytic subassociation Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis and
A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis is dominated by tail, fan and mat forming perennial stayers with high
asexual reproductive effort.
KEY WORDS: Amanos Mts., bryophyte vegetation, epiphytes, life forms, life strategies, Turkey
INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The phytosociological studies were initiated by
Walther and Leblebici with the bryophyte vegetation
of Yamanlar Mts. in Turkey (WALTHER and LEBLEBICI
). The study was followed by the bryophytic vegetation of the Liquidambar orientalis alluvial forests
(WALTHER
). Further bryosociological studies were
carried out by WALTHER (
), BRULLO et AL. (
),
KÜRSCHNER et AL. (
), KÜRSCHNER (
), KÜRSCHNER and PAROLLY (
a, b), and KÜRSCHNER et AL.
(
,
). All these studies, however, concentrate
on the western region of Turkey and majority of other
parts of Turkey remain unstudied till today.
Several studies of bryophyte communities have
shown that there is a strong correlation between the
life forms and life strategies of species and the ecological
factors that affect the habitats (MÄGDEFRAU
, FREY
and KÜRSCHNER
b, KÜRSCHNER
, KÜRSCHNER et AL.
, KÜRSCHNER and PAROLLY
a, b).
The leading ecological factors are light regime, light
intensity, drought and humid period. The analysis of
life forms and life strategies give strong evidence to the
establishment of species and communities as well as to
morphological, anatomical and functional adaptations
(KÜRSCHNER et AL.
).
The present paper, for the first time, describes and
characterises a new epiphytic subassociation from the
Amanos range of East Mediterranean Turkey and contributes to the knowledge of the bryophyte vegetation
of Turkey.
Study area
The Amanos range, known also as Nur range, is an
extension of the Antitaurus Mountains into the southwestern part of the East Mediterranean Region. They
rise from Kahramanmaraş, streams out to south and
draw to close at Samandağ Delta where Orontes flows
into the Mediterranean Sea (Fig. ). The Amanos range
is a geographical and a biological bridge that interlinks
the Black Sea Mts. with the Mediterranean and steppe
areas. Its lenght is
km and its culminating point is
Mığır Tepe (
m) which stands at the eastern part of
Dörtyol. With its climate and topography, culminating
in very steep peaks rising sharply from the sea level,
and deep and humid valleys; it is one of the most diverse ecosystems of Anatolia, harbouring a flora which
belongs to the Black Sea a heritage from the Ice Ages.
Due to its rich endemic flora, the Amanos range has a
particular place among all of the Mediterranean Region.
It is an important plant area that harbours
taxa,
among them
endemic for Turkey. Especially the humid forests that are at the western part of the mountains
embrace the relic populations that represent the most
southern stands of Euxinian and Euro-Sibirian floristic
elements. Examples are Fagus orientalis, Carpinus orientalis, Quercus cerris, Taxus baccata, Ilex colchica, Tilia
argentea, and Buxus sempervirens which have their main
distribution centre in the Eastern Black Sea Region and
Central Europe (AKMAN
, TURKMEN and DÜZENLI
, DÜZENLI and CAKAN
).
A. Düzenli ...
FIG. . Topographic map of the study area
Despite the fact that the Amanos range is situated
in the Mediterranean Region, its climate is relatively
oceanic and highly humid due to a high annual rainfall
of
mm.
Lithologically the mountains of the Amanos range
consist of paleozoic clastic-carbonate rocks which are
particularly magmatic and metamorphic. Most of the
metamorphic rocks are ophiolithic (YILMAZ et AL.
).
There are five types of soils described from the Amanos
range: erosion soils, red Mediterranean soils, brown calcareous soils, brown forest soils and brown washed soils
(AKMAN
).
Data source
The epiphytic bryophyte vegetation was studied using the method of BRAUN-BLANQUET (
) with the
modified scale of Frey (
, in KLEMENT
) for the
valuation of cover. The cover of the epiphytic taxa was
estimated according to the following scale:
+
< %
. - . %
. - . %
. - . %
. - . %
. %
The materials of the study were collected from
Amanos range during field trips between
and
. The epiphytic vegetation had been sampled by
releves, which were arranged in one community table
(Table ). The taxonomy and nomenclature of the bryophytes accord with the system proposed by CORLEY et
AL. (
). In addition, the status of species for Turkey
was determined by reviewing the recent literature (KÜRSCHNER and ERDAG
). Nomenclature of syntaxa
follows MARSTALLER (
). The classification of the
life forms follows MÄGDEFRAU (
), the life strategies DURING (
) and FREY and KÜRSCHNER (
b).
The quantitative calculation of the spectra presented
is based on the mean percentage cover value of each
species and category within the syntaxa (FREY and KÜRSCHNER
b).
Specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the
Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Turkey (ADA).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Epiphytic communities
Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
(Table ).
The Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis was first
defined by WIŚNIEWSKI (
) in Poland; later on it was
recorded in East Prussia, Estonia, Sweden and the Netherlands respectively (BARKMAN
). This association
which is also the type association of Anomodonto-Leucodontenion sciuroidis Bark.
suballiance is seen on
tree trunks found in shady, basic and very humid areas
(BARKMAN
, MARSTALLER
).
It is reported here, for the first time from the Amanos
range of Turkey, where it grows frequently on Carpinus
The Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
orientalis, Buxus sempervirens, Quercus cerris, Platanus
orientalis, Laurus nobilis and Tilia argentea.
The typical subassociation occurs on the trunks at
northen, north-east and north-west slope of both two
localities while new subassociation occurs on the tree
base frequently north slope where moist and shade of
both Mount Musa and Dörtyol Province epiphytically.
The character species with the highest cover and
constancy is the humicolous Anomodon viticulosus,
which at the same time is a character species of the
phanerophytic Fagetalia order (DIERSSEN
). It is
often also dominant on rocks where the association
is detected. The same holds true for the Neckerion complanatae Sm. & Had. ex Kl.
alliance, where the association can be classified. The occurrence of Leucodon
scuroides, a further character species of the association, is low because of the higher cover of Anomodon
viticulosus.
The prevailing mat life form is closely linked with
the dominance of pleurocarpous species in the association. Up to now seven subassociations have been
described (MARSTALLER
) Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
, thamnobryetosum alopecuri Marst.
, leucodontetosum sciuroidis
Wiśn.
, isothecietosum myosuroidis (Barkm.
)
Marst.
, neckeretosum crispae (Phil.
) Drehw.
, anomodontetosum attenuati Phil. ex Drehw.
,
homalietosum trichomanoidis (Phil.
) Drehw.
.
The eighth one, typical of the Amanos range is added.
Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis palamocladietosum euchloronis Kürschner & Düzenli subass.
nov. (Table )
Holotypus: Prov. Hatay, Mount Musa,
m, Quercus
cerris forest, tab. , no. . Differential species: Palamocladium euchloron.
The genus Palamocladium C. Müll. was first ascertained as Pleuropus Griff. by GRIFFITH (
).
But when it was realised that the name Pleuropus
had also been used for Fungi it was replaced by Palamocladium by MULLER (
) and was introduced into the
Brachytheciaceae family by BROTHERUS (
). Palamocladium euchloron which is the most characteristic
species of the new subassociation is endemic to the forests of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea coasts (HOFMANN
) (Fig. ). While the floristic studies of bryophytes
are proceeding rapidly the bryosociological studies are
left behind.
The new subassociation frequently occurs on the
more humid lower part of the trunks of trees epiphytically. Physiognomically, this subassociation is dominated by pleurocarpous species, mixed with small pads of
acrocarpous species. It is reported for the first time from
the Amanos range (Mount Musa and Dörtyol province).
This new subassociation especially occurs epiphytically
on the trees of shady and humid valley of Mount Musa
and Dörtyol. Differential species is Palamocladium euchloron, which shows basiphytic and mesophytic characteristics and has a wide distribution on Mount Musa
(
m). It is distributed at Pekmezci province in
Dörtyol. It shows both epiphytic, epilithic and epigaeic
distribution on both localities. The subassociation is
typical of the Primulo sibthorpii-Quercetum cerridis
Düzenli and Cakan
, Taxo baccatae-Buxetum
– an epiphytic bryophyte community new for Turkey
sempervirendis Düzenli and Cakan
, Violo cilicicae-Fagetum orientalis Düzenli and Cakan
and
Euphorbio macrostegiae-Carpinetum orientalis Düzenli
and Cakan
vascular syntaxa in Mount Musa and
Carpinus orientalis, Quercus cerris, Fagus orientalis and
Laurus-Tilia communities in Dörtyol.
The mesophytic and hygrotolerant characteristics
of the species composing the association makes it possible to find them on more humid habitats and generally at the base part of the trees. For this reason the
cover of the species is relatively high ( %) and the
constancy of Palamocladium euchloron reaches
%.
Co-dominant in the subassociation are the mesophytic
Anomodon viticulosus, Leucodon sciuroides and Homalia
trichomanoides.
Syntaxonomically, the association and new subassociation can be classified within the Neckerion complanatae alliance of the Neckeretalia complanatae Jez.
& Vondr.
order.
Higher-ranked character species, such as Porella platyphylla, Neckera complanata, Homalothecium sericeum
and Lejeunea cavifolia support the classification within
the Neckereta complanatae Marst.
class (Table ).
This class generally includes epilithic bryophyte communities of vertical rock surfaces and communities of
tree roots, tree bases and lower tree trunks. It is characterised by basiphytic, aerohyrophylic and sciotolerant
species.
Life forms and life strategies
In this study the life form and life strategy analysis
of the Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroides
typicum and A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis are
studied (Table , ; Figs - ).
The characters of the species of the association and
subassociation (e.g. life form, life span, sexual and asexual reproduction, dispersal strategy and life strategy)
are given in Table .
Life forms (Table , Figs , )
Generally short turf (sT) and cushion (Cu) life forms
are plentiful among acrocarpous mosses that grow under xerophytic, sunny conditions. By contrast, mat, weft,
tail and fan life forms are proportionally more among
pleurocarpous mosses that grow under more humid,
shady and hygrophytic conditions (KÜRSCHNER
).
Because of the high cover of pleurocarpous mosses such
as Anomodon viticulosus, A. attenuatus, Leucodon sciuroides and Palamocladium euchloron, tail life form is
dominant in both, the typical association and the subassociation (Table ). This dominance is more obvious
especially in the subassociation, reaching here a proportion of . %.
The other life forms of the life form spectrum have
lower percentage in both syntaxonomic units (Table ).
While weft life form is taking the second place ( . %)
because of the higher cover of Hypnum cupressiforme
and Homalothecium sericeum within Anomodonto-Leucodontetum typicum, which has a more xerophytic-mesophytic character than subassociation A.-L.
palamocladietosum euchloronis; it takes the fourth
place within subassociation A.-L. palamocladietosum
euchloronis.
A. Düzenli ...
TABLE . Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
Kürschner and Düzenli subass. nov.
; a – typicum, b – A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis
a
Number of relevé
Locality (Fig. )
Size of relevé (cm )
Phorophyte
C.o
C.o
B.s
Q.c
Q.c
C.o
P.o
P.o
P.o
C.o
P.o
C.o
L.n
T.a
Ø trunk (cm)
Constancy
Altitude (m)
Q.c
B.s
Position of relevé
L
L
T
T
T
L
T
T
L
T
T
L
L
T
T
L
Exposition
N
N
W
N
NW
NE
N
SE
NW
S
NE
NW
NE
N
N
N
Leucodon sciuroides
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Palamocladium euchloron
.
.
.
.
Covering (%)
Number of species
Ch et DAss.
Anomodon viticulosus
.
V
Homalia trichomanoides
.
.
.
II
.
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II
I
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ChAll. Neckerion complanatae
Anomodon attenuatus
Neckera crispa
.
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ChCl. et ChO. Neckeretalia complanatae and Neckeretea complanatae
Porella platyphylla
.
.
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Neckera complanata
.
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Homalothecium sericeum
.
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Metzgeria furcata
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Lejeunea cavifolia
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III
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IV
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III
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II
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III
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II
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Others
Radula complanata
.
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.
Hypnum cupressiforme
.
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.
Isothecium myosuroides
.
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.
Leptodon smithii
.
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.
Frullania tamarisci
.
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+
.
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Frullania dilatata
.
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.
Pterogonium gracile
.
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.
Isothecium alopecuroides
.
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Leptodictyum riparium
.
.
Scorpiurium circinatum
.
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I
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I
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I
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+
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I
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I
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I
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Scorpiurium sendtneri
.
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Eurhynchium sitriatum
.
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Rhynchostegium confertum
.
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Orthotrichum lyellii
.
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Orthotrichum affine
.
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Zygodon rupestris
.
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Syntrichia subulata
.
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Dialytrichia mucronata
.
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Cololejeunea rosettiana
.
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I
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+
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Lichenes
Parmotrema chinense
I
Phorophytes: C.o – Carpinus orientalis, B.s – Buxus sempervirens, Q.c – Quercus cerris, P.o – Platanus orientalis, L.n – Laurus
nobilis, T.a – Tilia argentea, F.o – Fagus orientalis, J.r – Juglans regia, Q.p – Quercus petrae, S.o – Styrax officinalis, S.t – Sorbus
torminalis, L – lower base, T – trunk.
The Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
– an epiphytic bryophyte community new for Turkey
b
b
C.o
C.o
Q.c
Q.c
Q.c
Q.c
C.o
C.o
Q.c
C.o
F.o
C.o
C.o
Q.c
C.o
Q.c
J.r
Q.c
C.o
Q.p
S.o
S.t
T
T
L
T
T
T
T
L
L
T
L
T
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
N
N
N
N
N
NW
N
NW
N
N
N
S
NE
N
NE
NE
S
N
NW NW
NW NW
+
+
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Constancy
a
V
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I
V
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I
I
I
Species
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Ta
Ta
Fa
Ta
Fa
Ma
Fa
We
Ma
Ma
Ma
We
We
Fa
Ma
Ma
We/i
We
We
We/i
We/i
We
We
Cu
Cu
Cu
sT
We
Ma
annual/
biannual
Ta
Life
form
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
pauciennial/perennial
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(+)
–
–
–
+
+
–
+
+
–
+
+
+
+
+
+
–
+
+
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
+
+
+
–
–
–
+
–
–
–
+
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
–
–
–
–
–
+
–
–
+
+
+
frefrequent
quent
within
within
rare
the ndthe st
- th year
year
D
D
D
D
M
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
D
D
D
A
D
A
D
A
D
A
D
D
A
D
D
D
+
+
–
+
–
+
–
–
–
–
+
+
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
+
–
–
–
Asexual reproduction
–
–
+
–
–
–
+
+
+
–
–
–
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
–
+
–
–
+
+
+
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
–
+
–
ge
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
–
–
+
–
fd
–
–
fd
+
fd
–
fd
bs, ge
ge
–
ge
–
–
–
–
–
fd
–
+
fd
fd
–
–
ge
–
ge
–
–
ge
–
fd
fd
bf
–
bf
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
sc
sc
–
–
sc
sc
–
sc
sc
sc
sc
–
–
–
–
–
–
sc
sc
–
–
–
–
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr, ac
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
sr, lr
DisInnorare vation persal
small lack( ) or shoots strategy
(<
ing or
freμm)
rare
quent
Spores
(Ø in μm)
monoelarge
cious/
(>
dioeμm)
cious
Sexual reproduction
s
s
l
s
s
s
l
l
s
s
s
l
l
l
l
l
l
s
s
s
l
l
l
s
l
l
l
l
s
l
Seta
–
l
l
–
–
–
l
l
red
–
–
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
red
l
l
–
l
l
l
red
l
red
Ap
Av
Ap
Pv
Pp
Pv
Ag
Ag
Av
Pg
Pg
Pp
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Av
Ag
Av
Ag
Ap
Pp
Pv
Av
Ag
Pv
Av
Pv
PerisLife
tome strategy
+ present; – absent; ( ) data uncertain; A – autoecious; ac – achorous strategy; bf – fragmentation of leaves; bs – breaking-off of shoots; Cu – cushion; D – dioecious; Fa – fan; fd – flagelliform diaspores; ge – gemma; l – long; lr – long-range dispersal; M – monoecious; Ma – mat; P – paroicous; red – reduced; s – short; sc – shoots creeping, rhizome-like; sr – short-range dispersal; sT – short
turf; Ta – tail; We – weft; We/i – weft, primary stems often stoloniferous, secondary stems erect, frequently incurved when dry; Ag-Pv – life strategies, cf. Table .
Character and differen- Anomodon viticulosus
tial species
Leucodon sciuroides
Palamocladium euchloron
Homalia trichomanoides
Character species of
Anomodon attenuatus
the alliance Neckerion Neckera crispa
complanatae
Porella platyphylla
Character species of
the order NeckeretaNeckera complanata
lia complanatae and
Homalothecium sericeum
the class Neckeretea
Metzgeria furcata
complanatae
Lejeunea cavifolia
Others
Radula complanata
Hypnum cupressiforme
Isothecium myosuroides
Leptodon smithii
Frullania tamarisci
Frullania dilatata
Pterogonium gracile
Isothecium alopecuroides
Leptodictyum riparium
Scorpiurium circinatum
Scorpiurium sendtneri
Eurhynchium sitriatum
Rhynchostegium confertum
Orthotrichum lyellii
Orthotrichum affine
Zygodon rupestris
Syntrichia subulata
Dialytrichia mucronata
Cololejeunea rossettiana
Syntaxonomy
Life cycle
TABLE . Characters and life strategies of the taxa of the Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis
A. Düzenli ...
The Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
– an epiphytic bryophyte community new for Turkey
TABLE . Life forms and life strategies (mean percentage cover values) of the species of syntaxa
Life forms
Life strategies
Anomodonto
viticulosi-Leucodontetum
sciuroidis typicum
Anomodonto
viticulosi-Leucodontetum
sciuroidis
palamocladietosum
euchloronis
tail
.
.
Ta
fan
.
.
Fa
mat
.
.
Ma
weft (plants irregularly branched)
.
.
We
weft/i (primary stems often stoloniferous, seconder
stems erect, frequently incurved when dry)
.
–
We/i
cushion
.
–
Cu
short turf
–
.
sT
perennial
perennial shuttle species with high
shuttle species sexual reproductive effort
.
.
Pg
perennial shuttle species with high
asexual reproductive effort
.
.
Pv
perennial shuttle species with moderately or low sexual and asexual reproductive effort
.
.
Pp
perennial stayers with high sexual
reproductive effort
.
.
Ag
perennial stayers with high asexual
reproductive effort
.
.
Av
perennial stayers with moderately or
low sexual and asexual reproductive
effort
.
.
Ap
perennial
stayers
FIG. . Overview of world distribution of the genus Palamocladium (HOFFMAN
)
A. Düzenli ...
1%
8%
1%
10%
25%
Ta
40%
Fa
Ta
Fa
Ma
We
14%
Ma
We
We/i
9%
Cu
68%
24%
FIG. . Life form spectrum of the Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis typicum Wiśn.
FIG. . Life form spectrum of the Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis palamocladietosum euchloronis
1%
1%
1%
6%
20%
9%
44%
Pv
Av
Ag
Ap
Pp
Pg
24%
38%
Pv
Av
Ag
Ap
Pg
46%
10%
FIG. . Life strategy spectrum of the Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis typicum Wiśn.
FIG. . Life strategy spectrum of the Anomodonto viticulosi-Leucodontetum sciuroidis palamocladietosum euchloronis
Within new subassociation fan life form takes the
second place because of the species that show more
mesophylic characteristics such as Neckera complanata,
N. crispa and Homalia trichomonoides especially.
The cushion life form is found in xerophytic species
like Orthotrichum lyellii, O. affine and Zygodon rupestris
that are distributed on the trunk generally within Anomodonto-Leucodontetum typicum ( . %) but not found
in subassociation A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis
that grows on the base part.
Mats (Porella platyphylla, Metzgeria furcata, Lejeunea cavifolia, Radula complanata, Frullania tamarisci,
F. dilatata, Cololejeunea rossettiana) are in both communities, reaching, however, a percentage of only . %
(Figs , ).
Further life strategies, such as annual shuttle species,
short-lived shuttle species, fugitives and colonists were not
found.
Perennial shuttle species. Perennial shuttle species are characterised by a long life span (pluriennial-perennial taxa); a moderate, low to absent or high
sexual and asexual reproductive effort; large spores
(>
μm); short-range dispersal strategy due to large
, KÜRSCHspores and achorous tendency (DURING
NER
).
The perennial shuttle species are divided into three
sub-categories according to their reproduction strategies
(Pg, Pv, Pp, Table , Figs , ).
Perennial shuttle strategy reaches a higher proportion ( . %) within the Anomodonto-Leucodontetum
typicum and proportion of . % within the subassociation A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis due to the
dominance of Anomodon viticulosus, Leucodon sciuroides and Radula complanata. The dominance of these
species on the phorophytes is the result of a strong
clonal growth, under the more humid site conditions
(especially perennial shuttle species with high asexual
reproductive effort; Pv).
Life strategies (Table , Figs , )
According to the life strategy analysis of the Anomodonto-Leucodontetum typicum and A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis two main categories, perennial
shuttle species and perennial stayers were detected.
Both categories were divided into sub-categories according to their reproduction strategies (Table , Figs , ).
The Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
Other perennial shuttle species (Pg, Pp) have lower
percents on both communities.
Perennial stayers. Perennial stayers are typically
characterised by a long life span (perennial taxa); small
spores (<
μm); high sexual and asexual reproductive effort; facilitating long-range, as well as short-range
dispersal strategy (chance dispersal). This strategy is
clearly dominant ( . %) in the subassociation A.-L.
palamocladietosum euchloronis (Table , Figs , ). Perennial stayers are divided into three main categories
in both communities: passive perennial stayers (Ap),
generative perennial stayers (Ag) and vegetative perennial stayers (Av). Passive perennial stayers such as
Porella platyphylla, Homalothecium sericeum and Dialytrichia mucronata are characterised by rather low or
low sexual and asexual reproduction effort. Generative
perennial stayers (Homalia trichomanoides, Hypnum
cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, I. myosuroides, Leptodictyum riparium, Scorpiurium sendtneri,
S. circinatum, Eurhynchium striatum, Rhynchostegium
confertum, Orthotrichum affine and Syntrichia subulata)
show a regular and frequent sporophyt formation. The
vegetative perennial stayers Palamocladium euchloron,
Neckera crispa, N. complanata, Leptodon smithii, Orthotrichum lyellii and Zygodon rupestris have a high
asexual reproduction effort (via gemma, leaf-like propagules and fragmentation of leaves). Within the subassociation A.-L. palamocladietosum euchloronis vegetative
perennial stayers (Av) are dominant because of Palamocladium euchloron; the characteristic species of the
subassociation while the generative perennial stayers
(Ag) are dominant within the Anomodonto-Leucodontetum typicum because of the dominance of especially
Homalia trichomanoides.
Summing up, as a result of the life form and life
strategy analysis in this study, different functional types
were determined that characterise the two epiphytic
communities. The most important functional type of
the hygrotolerant Anomodonto-Leucodontetum palamocladietosum euchloronis are perennial stayers with
high asexual reproduction effort while within the more
xero-tolerant A.-L. typicum perennial stayers with high
sexual reproduction effort dominate.
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For citation: Düzenli A., Ezer T., Kara R. (
): The
Anomodonto-Leucodontetum sciuroidis Wiśn.
– an
epiphytic bryophyte community new for Turkey. Rocz. AR
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