Abstract

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Abstract

A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2006, 56(4): 587-600
STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY OF IMMATURE STAGES OF
THE TRIBE AGATHIDIINI (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE).
PART IV. AGATHIDIUM ANGULARE MANNERHEIM, 1852
ALEKSANDRA KILIAN
Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148
Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Three larval instars of Nearctic Agathidium angulare Mannerheim, 1852,
are described in detail and the first and third stage larvae are figured for the first time;
morphology of the stages was analyzed and compared, with special emphasis on
measurements, chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head, mouthparts, thorax, abdomen, leg and
urogomphi. Preliminary discussion on larval characters of the genus Agathidium is
provided.
±
Key words.— Morphology, larva, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Agathidiini, Agathidium angulare, Nearctic region.
INTRODUCTION
There are about 800 known species of Agathidium
Panzer, 1797, the most numerous among genera of the
tribe Agathidiini in the world (Angelini and Peck 2000,
Angelini 2004: 141, tab. 1, Wheeler and Miller 2005), yet
detailed, comparative chaetotaxy, measurements and
illustrations have been provided till date for only nine
species (Angelini and De Marzo 1984, Wheeler 1990a,
Kilian 1998, 2001).
The current state of knowledge is still far from satisfactory and further investigation is necessary since
three from the specimens examined represent species
of Nearctic region, five ones – Palearctic species and
only one, of Ag. (N.) kumaonicum Angelini et De Marzo, 1985, comes from Oriental region, where the genus
is the most abundant in number of species – 447 (Angelini 2004). Furthermore, the mature larva of Ag.
kumaonicum differs considerably from the other
described larval instars of Agathidium and the tribe
Agathidiini at all (Kilian 2001) by having the third
antennomere reduced, produced clypeus, labrum partially fused with clypeus and lack of urogomphi (Kilian
2001). Phylogenetic relationships on generic level in
the tribe Agathidiini are still unresolved (Newton 1998,
Angelini and Peck 2000, Miller and Wheeler 2005). Particulary, at the present, no synapomorphy has been
identified to diagnose the genus Agathidium Panzer
(Miller and Wheeler 2005). In addition, the attempts to
establish constant larval characters at generic level
have been failed yet (Angelini and De Marzo 1984,
Wheeler 1990a, b; Kilian 1998). Although there are a lot
of phylogenetically informative larval features, immature stages are considered to show mosaic type of evolution and the diagnosis of a given species is a combination of larval features. Thus, a phylogenetic analysis
and discussion on relationships would be very preliminary in this study and the main aim of the paper is to
provide detailed formal descriptions of larval instars
and data for further phylogentic investigations (Kilian
2003, 2005a, b).
Ag. angulare Mannerheim, 1852, analysed in this
study, is the fourth species among 52 recorded from
Nearctic region whose immature stages are described
(Wheeler 1990a). The species examined in this analysis: Ag. aristerium Wheeler, 1987, Ag. oniscoides
Beauvois, 1805 and Ag. pulchrum LeConte, 1866
were included to subspecies Agathidium but in recent
REDESCRIPTION OF LOCHMAEA LIMBATA PIC, 1898
WITH A NEW SYNONYM (COLEOPTERA:
CHRYSOMELIDAE: GALERUCINAE)
ALI GÖK*, EBRU GÜL ASLAN, ISMAIL ŞEN and YUSUF AYVAZ
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Biology Department,
32260 Isparta, Turkey; *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— The rare and unsufficiently known taxa Lochmaea limbata Pic, 1898 (known
only from males) and Lochmaea setulosa (Sahlberg, 1913) (known only from females) are
proposed as synonyms after detailed studies on a large population from Isparta (Turkey).
L. limbata is redescribed and illustrated; the female shows clear dimorphism with the
male. Additionally, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) is determined as host plant of
L. limbata.
±
Key words.— Galerucinae, Lochmaea limbata, Lochmaea setulosa, taxonomy,
redescription, synonym, Turkey.
INTRODUCTION
Currently, the genus Lochmaea is represented by
12 species through the Palearctic and Oriental Regions
(Bezděk 2004). The Lochmaea crataegi (Forster,
1771) species group is mentioned with four western
Palearctic species: L. limbata, L. setulosa, L. machulkai Roubal, 1926 and L. crataegi all of which are
distributed in Turkey. However, taxonomic knowledge
about the L. crataegi species group is very limited.
After their original descriptions they were cited briefly in some subsequent papers (Medvedev 1970, 1975,
Silfverberg 1974, Lopatin et al. 2003, Warchałowski
2003) till Bezděk’s (2004) comprehensive study on this
group. In this paper Bezděk revised the species of
L. crataegi group from Asia Minor, Near East and
Caucasus based on the study of type material.
During a field survey in 2006, we came across
a huge population of Lochmaea specimens feeding on
Crataegus bushes in the Süleyman Demirel University
Campus (province of Isparta). At first glance, the collected beetles were considered as two different
Lochmaea species due to the coloration and morphological pattern of the body: the blackish group and the
reddish group. However, during the next days the
members of these different groups were observed mating, both in the field and in petri dishes in the laboratory. The reddish group members were females, while the
darker ones were all males. Taking into account the
fact that these are specimens of the same species
showing a clear sexual dimorphism we killed the beetles for dissection and identification process.
Studies with a large series of specimens revealed
that the darker colored beetles (males) were specimens of L. limbata. L. limbata was described by Pic
(1898) based on male specimens collected in Turkey
(from Akbes province near the city Hatay), and its
female still remain unknown. Interestingly, L. setulosa
was described from Jerusalem (Israel) based on a single female specimen (Sahlberg 1913). Species recognized as L. setulosa since are all females (Bezděk
2004).
Detailed observations of beetles whether on host
plants or under laboratory conditions, also the evidence of persistent mating behaviors of beetles showed
that specimens of the two groups are conspecific and
that the species group names L. limbata and L. setulosa have to be regarded synonyms. Therefore, in the
NEW FOSSIL WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA:
CURCULIONOIDEA: NEMONYCHIDAE) FROM THE
JEHOL BIOTA OF WESTERN LIAONING, CHINA
MING LIU, DONG REN* and JINGJING TAN
College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu,
Haidian District; Beijing 100037, PR CHINA
*Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Three new species Brenthorrhinoides latipecteris sp. nov., B. angustipecteris sp. nov., B. magnoculi sp. nov. within the family Nemonychidae (Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea) are described and illustrated. All the fossils were recovered from the
Yixian Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of western Liaoning Province,
China. A brief review of fossil nemonychids and a key to species within the genus
Brenthorrhinoides are provided. Furthermore, possible host plants to these ancient
nemonychids are discussed.
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Key words.— Weevils, Nemonychidae, Brenthorrhinoides, B. latipecteris, B. angustipecteris, B. magnoculi, Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, new taxa, Jehol Biota, Liaoning.
INTRODUCTION
Nemonychidae is a small and primitive family of
Curculionoidea, including 22 extant genera (Kuschel
1983) and 18 fossil genera (Table 1). A few fossil weevils were described at the beginning of the 20th century
(Handlirsch 1906–1908, Martynov 1926, Northrop
1928), but most of specimens were poorly preserved.
Arnoldi (1977) and Zherikhin (1977) described a series
of complete fossil weevils. The extinct family Eobelidae
was established by Arnoldi (1977) and embraced 15
genera from the Late Jurassic of the Karatau Range in
South Kazakhstan. Kuschel (1983) considered that
Eobelidae were just fossil representatives of Nemonychidae. Zimmerman (1994) thought Eobelidae might be
more closely allied to Oxycorynidae than to Belidae,
but might also be precursors of Belidae. On the basis of
a free labrum, long flexible palpi and characters of hind
wing venation, Zherikhin and Gratshev (1995, 1997)
transferred all but the Eobelini and Eccoptarthrini from Eobelidae to Nemonychidae. Gratshev and
Zherikhin (1995, 1996) united the genera Procurculio
and Eccoptothorax erected by Arnoldi (1977) to one
genus Procurculio and revised the subfamily Brenthorrhininae within Nemonychidae. Alonso-Zarazaga
and Lyal (1999) discussed the world families and genera belonging to Curculionoidea and considered Eobelidae as an independent family. Legalov (2003) reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the families within Curculionoidea and regarded Eobelidae as
a subfamily of Nemonychidae. By using SYNAP program, Legalov (2005) chose 50 characters to model the
phylogeny of Rhynchitidae, confirmed the transfer of
the genus Brenthorrhinoides Gratshev et Zherikhin,
1996 from Nemonychidae to Rhynchitidae and the division of 2 tribes concerning 2 supertribes. However,
characters present in fossil weevils is limited, the
result of phylogenetic program seems less convictive.
Here, we tentatively follow Gratshev and Zherikhin
(1995, 1996), because it is more suitable for the fossil
weevils presently.
The Mesozoic non-marine sedimentary strata of
northern China yield many fossil insects, while the
record of weevils is rare. To date, only three species
NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF TENEBRIONID
BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
GLEB S. MEDVEDEV1 and DARIUSZ IWAN2*
1
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1,
St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
2Department of Systematics and Zoogeography, Museum and Institute of Zoology,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;
e-mail: [email protected]
*Corresponding author
Abstract.— The study results of the type specimens of tenebrionid beetles described as
Apsheronellus arenarius Bogačev, 1967, Microleichenum choresmensis G. Medvedev,
1973, Lobodera (Discotus) kaszabi Skopin, 1960, Penthicus (Allomyladion) kaszabi
Bogačev, 1972, Prosodes (Laraliporosodes) lar Bogačev, 1947 and Achaemenus
villosus Bogačev, 1949 are presented in this paper. The following nomenclatural decisions
are proposed: Microleichenium G. Medvedev, 1973 is considered a junior synonym of the
name Apsheronellus Bogačev, 1967; Penticus (Allomyladion) kaszabi Bogačev, 1972 is
considered a secondary junior homonym of Lobodera (D.) kaszabi Skopin, 1960 and as
result, the first name is changed on Penthicus (Allomyladion) zoltani Medvedev et Iwan,
nom. nov.; Prosodes (Laraliprosodes) lar Bogačev, 1947 is transferred to the subgenus
Dineria Motschulsky of the genus Blaps F. and as result, Dineria Motschulsky, 1860 (type
species: Blaps confuse Ménétriés, 1832) is considered a senior synonym of Laraliprosodes Bogačev, 1942 (type species: Prosodes lar Bogačev, 1942); the name
Achaemenus Bogačev, 1949 is considered a junior homonym of Achaemenus Stål, 1856
(Cicadinea, Homoptera) and is replaced by Bogatshevia G. Medvedev et Iwan, nom. nov.
(type species: Achaemenus villosus Bogačev, 1949).
±
Key words.— Homoptera, Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lechenini, Opatrini, Blaptini,
Pimeliini, new synonym, new combination, new homonym, new name.
INTRODUCTION
The author’s collaboration on the tenebrionid beetles belong to the tribes Pimeliini, Leichenini, Opatrini
and Blaptini (sensu Bouchard et al. 2005) is resulted in
the decisions of systematic positions and nomenclatural corrections based on the study of the following species: Apsheronellus arenarius Bogačev, 1967, Micro-
leichenum choresmensis G. Medvedev, 1973, Lobodera (Discotus) kaszabi Skopin, 1960, Penthicus
(Allomyladion) kaszabi Bogačev, 1972, Prosodes
(Laraliporosodes) lar Bogačev, 1947 and Achaemenus villosus Bogačev, 1949.
The type material studied in the paper is preserving
in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZISP).
REVIEW OF THE GENUS BANTODEMUS KOCH, 1955
(COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE: PLATYNOTINA)
DARIUSZ IWAN and MAŁGORZATA BANASZKIEWICZ
Department of Systematics and Zoogeography, Museum and Institute of Zoology,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;
e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract.— The female genital structure of the genus Bantodemus Koch, 1955 is studied.
The variability in the shape of sclerites in the bursa copulatrix is illustrated based on the
species B. montanus. Two new species are described: B. durbaniensis sp. nov. and
B. harmonius sp. nov. Separate keys for species determination are compiled for males
and females. New localities data for B. caffer, B. furcatus, B. montanus, B. rudebecki,
B. tristis are provided.
±
Key words.— Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Platynotina, Bantodemus, South Africa, entomology, taxonomy, new species, female genitalia, sperm competition, sexual selection.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Bantodemus Koch, 1955, a member of
the generic group of trigonopoid Platynotina from
South Africa, was recently reviewed by Iwan (2000).
The author gave detailed description of 37 species and
provided the key for species determination. The results
of cladistic and biogeographic analysis showed that
genus Bantodemus composed of 3 distinguished
groups: lucidus, striatus and caffer.
In 2001, Iwan described another two species of
above mentioned genus: montanus and rudebecki.
At present, the genus Bantodemus includes 41 species (with B. durbaniensis sp. nov. and B. harmonius sp. nov. described below). There are four species
with unknown males: rudebecki, montanus, durbaniensis and harmonius, and seven ones, where females are unknown: calcaratus, funduzilis, marietzensis, mocambiqueus, moerens, rectimanus and
rhodesianus.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS
The studied material came from the following institutions and collections (curators’ names given in
parentheses):
CVTT – Vladimir Tichy Collection, Trebon, Czech
Republic (V. Tichý);
HNHM – Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary (O. Merkl);
JFC – Julio Ferrer Collection, Stockholm, Sweden
(J. Ferrer);
MIZ – Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
MLC – Martin Lillig Collection, Saarbrücken, Germany (M. Lillig);
MNHN – Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, France (Cl. Girard);
MNHUB – Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany (M. Uhlig);
SAM – South African Museum, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (M. Cochrane);
SMNS – Staatlisches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany (W. Schawaller);
TMNH – Transvaal Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa (R. Müller).
For examination of internal structures, females and
males were dissected and whole abdomens were
cleared in 10% cold potassium hydroxide overnight.
The dissected structures were stained in chlorazol
black dissolved in glycerin. Drawings were made using
a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZX10) with camera
lucida. SEM photographs were acquired with Hitachi
S-3400N, in low vacuum, in the Museum and Institute
of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw,
Poland.
REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF POECILOSOMELLA
DUDA (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE)
FROM CONTINENTAL CHINA
HUI DONG1, DING YANG1,* and TOSHIHIKO HAYASHI
1
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal
University, Beijing 100037, China; e-mail: [email protected]
2Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases,
Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan
*
To whom the correspondence and reprint request should be addressed
Abstract.— The species of the genus Poecilosomella Duda, 1925 from continental China
are reviewed. Six species are now known to occur in continental China. Two species,
Poecilosomella biseta sp. nov. and Poecilosomella guangdongensis sp. nov., are
described as new to science. A key is presented to separate these species.
±
Key words.— Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Poecilosomella, new species, China.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Poecilosomella is characterized by the
following features: head, thorax, and legs usually with
characteristic markings; wing spotted or maculated,
with a colourless vein appendage from base of anal
vein to the direction of lower edge of discal cell, R2+3
apically sharply bent, sometimes with a short appendage of R3 (Papp 1990). The adults emerge from
late early spring to late autumn and are always found
on dung of various kinds of domestic animals and
manure heaps (Hayashi 1986, 1997, 2002). This genus
was originally described by Duda 1925 as a subgenus of
Leptocera Oliver, 1813, with the type species Copromyza punctipennis Wiedemann, and was subsequently treated also as a subgenus of Limosina Macquart, 1835 (Duda 1938). Vanschuytbroeck (1951)
raised it to the generic level. Hackman (1969) reviewed
26 world species, including 13 species from the
Afrotropical Region, 11 species from the Oriental
Region and 2 widespread species. Papp (1990, 1991)
revised the Afrotropical and Oriental species respectively. Now the genus is known to occur worldwide with
53 known species (Roháček et al. 2001, Hayashi 2002,
Papp 2002), of which 41 species are from the Oriental
Region, 3 from the Palaearctic, 13 from the Afrotropical, 5 from the Australasian/Oceanian, and 1 from the
Nearctic, 1 from the Neotropical.
The genus Poecilosomella from continental China
is still poorly known. Only 1 species, P. longinervis
(Duda, 1925), was known. In the present paper, the
species of Poecilosomella from continental China are
reviewed with 6 species, including 2 new species and
1 new record. A key is presented to separate these
species.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS
The specimens were collected with the net in mountainous regions, some of which collected by the
authors. Genitalic preparations were made by clearing
the apex of the abdomen in 10% KOH for 8–10 hours.
The apex of the abdomen was transferred to glycerin
for further dissection and examination. After examination, it was either moved to fresh glycerin and stored in
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS SUILLIA
ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830 FROM THE NEOTROPICAL
REGION (DIPTERA: HELEOMYZIDAE)
ANDRZEJ J. WOŹNICA
Department of Zoology & Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental
and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5b, Pl-51-631, Wrocław, Poland;
Abstract.— Three new species of the genus Suillia Robineau-Desvoidy, S. danielssoni
sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. huggerti sp. nov. (Ecuador), and S. steyskali sp. nov. (Colombia)
are described from the Neotropical Region. S. iniens (Giglio-Tos, 1893) is newly recorded
from Honduras. A key to the known species of Suillia occurring in the Neotropical Region
is provided.
±
Key words.— Heleomyzidae, Suillia, taxonomy, new species, Neotropical Region,
Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras.
INTRODUCTION
The Heleomyzidae constitute a relatively small family of acalyptrate flies, comprising approximately 480
species worldwide, and occurring in all zoogeographical regions of the world, except Antarctica. The larvae
develop in a range of organic substrates, including
dung and fungi, although the larval associations of
many species remain unknown.
The genus Suillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 of the
tribe Suilliini Bezzi, 1911 including 124 species is distributed in all zoogeographic regions except the Australasian/Oceanian Region and Antarctica (Woźnica
2003). The Neotropics is the least known region with
only eight species recorded from the area (Steyskal
1972, 1980). Our knowledge of the distribution and
habitat preferences of the Neotropical species is somewhat sketchy, but it appears from specimen records
that species of the genus prefer, or are restricted to,
montane habitats or ‘cloud forest’, where more temperate climatic conditions prevail than in the tropical
lowlands.
During taxonomic studies of the tribe Suilliini the
presence of additional specimens of Suillia was
stated in several museum collections (see Material
and methods). This material is treated here and
the new species of the genus are described and illustrated.
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
The material considered in the present paper originates from the following institutions:
(MIZ) – Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland;
(MZLU) – Museum of Zoology, University of Lund,
Sweden;
(QCAZ) – “Pontificia” Catholic University of Ecuador,
Zoology Museum, Quito, Ecuador;
(TAU) – Zoological Museum, University of Tel Aviv,
Israel.
Details of male terminalia were drawn in the lateral view using light microscope and computer techniques. The genitalia are preserved in glycerin vials.
Bilaterally symmetrical structures in species descriptions are cited as singular. Holotype and paratype
label data are quoted as they appear; a slash (/) indicates the end of a line of print, two slashes (//) signify
data on a further label.
DO PERMANENTLY MIXED COLONIES OF WOOD ANTS
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) REALLY EXIST?
WOJCIECH CZECHOWSKI and ALEXANDER RADCHENKO
Laboratory of Social and Myrmecophilous Insects, Museum and Institute
of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw,
Poland; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract.— We describe the composition of two colonies of wood ants (FM-1 and FM-2)
from southern Finland, identified on the basis of morphological investigations of workers
(for FM-1, also of alate gynes and males) as mixed colonies comprising individuals with
phenotypes typical of Formica aquilonia Yarr., F. polyctena Först. and F. rufa L.
The prevailing species (phenotypes) were F. polyctena in FM-1, and F. rufa in FM-2.
Colony FM-1 was observed every year in the period 1996–2006, almost from the moment it
was formed. A first tentative investigation in 1999 revealed that it was already a mixed one
and was probably also polygynous. Systematic follow-up investigations from 2002 to 2006
demonstrated relative stability of the proportions of individual species (phenotypes).
A possible origin of this permanently mixed colony is postulated and discussed.
±
Key words.— Ants, Formicidae, Formica rufa-group, Formica polyctena, Formica
aquilonia, Formica rufa, mixed colonies, polygyny, morphology, phenotypes.
INTRODUCTION
Palaearctic wood ants, i.e. the species of the subgenus Formica s. str., and especially the members of
the Formica rufa-group (sensu Dlussky 1967), have
been the object of intensive studies since the very early days of myrmecology and have been discussed and
described in numerous papers. Even so, they still pose
a taxonomic problem, and often puzzle field researchers. Vepsäläinen and Pisarski (1981) called the F. rufa
group “a taxonomic enfant terrible” among wood ants
and likened the state of taxonomy of these species to
“chaos before order.”
Diagnosis of the F. rufa-group is based on the hairiness and, to a lesser degree, on the microsculpture of
various parts of the body, mainly in workers (e.g. Yarrow 1955, Dlussky 1967, Dlussky and Pisarski 1971,
Kutter 1977, Collingwood 1979, Douwes 1981, Seifert
1996, Czechowski et al. 2002, Radchenko et al. 2004).
However, the generally high morphological similarity
among species within the group together with consider-
able intraspecific variability of individuals often make
it difficult, and sometimes impossible, to determine the
species affiliation of a given colony. Such difficulties
are especially spectacular in certain geographic regions, where they usually concern particular pairs (or
triplets) of species, e.g. F. rufa L. and F. polyctena
Först. in Central Europe and southern Sweden, F. aquilonia Yarr., F. lugubris Zett. and F. paralugubris
Seifert in the Alps, F. polyctena and F. aquilonia in
Finland (Gösswald et al. 1965, Rosengren 1977,
Douwes 1979, Pamilo et al. 1979, 1992, Vepsäläinen
and Pisarski 1981, Maeder et al. 2005). It occurs that
workers from the same nest bear intermediate species
characters or that individuals within a colony seem to
represent different species. Moreover, it happens that
the appearance of workers within a colony changes in
time, and nest samples from different years may be differently identified (Pamilo and Vepsäläinen 1977, Vepsäläinen and Pisarski 1981, Czechowski 1996).
Recent investigations, both morphological and
molecular, have thrown some light on this problem. On
REVIEW OF THE GENERA FROM THE SUBFAMILY
DORYCTINAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
NEW FOR JAPAN
SERGEY A. BELOKOBYLSKIJ1 and KAORU MAETO2
1
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64,
Warszawa 00-679, Poland; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
2Laboratory of Insect Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai
1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Ten genera of the subfamily Doryctinae are recorded from Japan for the first
time: Caenophanes Foerster, 1862, Guaygata Marsh, 1993, Leluthia Cameron, 1887,
Mimipodoryctes Belokobylskij, 2001, Neurocrassus Šnoflak, 1945, Parallorhogas
Marsh, 1993, Platyspathius Viereck, 1911, Polystenus Foerster, 1862, Rhacontsira
Belokobylskij, 1998, and Spathiomorpha Tobias, 1976. Twenty five new species and one
new subspecies are described from the Japanese islands: Caenophanes confusus sp.
nov., C. infuscatus sp. nov., C. kyushuensis sp. nov., C. pumilio sp. nov., C. rasilis sp.
nov., C. yakuensis sp. nov., Guaygata mayaensis sp. nov., Leluthia (Leluthia)
honshuensis sp. nov., L. (L.) nagoyae sp. nov., L. (Euhecabolodes) postfurcalis sp.
nov., Mimipodoryctes rokkoensis sp. nov., Neurocrassus hinoematus sp. nov.,
N. hypodoryctoides sp. nov. N. ibarakius sp. nov., N. miyanourus sp. nov., N. sanageensis sp. nov., Parallorhogas ambiguus sp. nov., P. boninus sp. nov., P. icarus sp.
nov., P. maeseensis sp. nov., P. pacificus sp. nov., P. pacificus micronesianus subsp.
nov., Rhacontsira insulicola sp. nov., R. toyota sp. nov., R. yamagishii sp. nov.,
Spathiomorpha japonica sp. nov. Six species are recorded for the first time for Japan:
Guaygata mariae (Belokobylskij, 1993), Neurocrassus rarus (Belokobylskij, 1982),
N. tentorialis Belokobylskij, 1993, Platyspathius ornatulus (Enderlein, 1912),
Polystenus rugosus Foerster, 1862, Rhacontsira heterospiloides (Belokobylskij, 1988).
Two new synonyms are suggested: Rhyssalus rubriceps Cameron, 1909 = Mimipodoryctes robustus Belokobylskij, 2001 (syn. nov.); Spathiohormius ornatulus Enderlein,
1912 = Spathius dinoderi Gahan, 1925 (syn. nov.). The following new combinations are
given: Guaygata mariae (Belokobylskij, 1993), comb. nov., Polystenus remus (Nixon,
1943), comb. nov., Spathiostenus tenuis (Nixon, 1943), comb. nov. Lectotypes of
Spathiohormius ornatulus Enderlein and Rhyssalus rubriceps Cameron are
designated for stability of nomenclature. Keys to species of the genera Caenophanes
Foerster, Guaygata Marsh, Leluthia Cameron, Mimipodoryctes Belokobylskij, Neurocrassus Šnoflak, Parallorhogas Marsh, Rhacontsira Belokobylskij, and Spathiomorpha Tobias are provided.
±
Key words.— Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae, new taxa, new records, new
synonyms, keys, Japan.
SINOPACHYMERIDIUM POPOVI GEN. AND SP. NOV.
– A NEW FOSSIL TRUE BUG (HETEROPTERA:
PACHYMERIDIIDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC
OF INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA
YUNZHI YAO1, WANZHI CAI1,* and DONG REN2
1
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West
Road, Beijing 100094, China; e-mail: [email protected];
*corresponding author
2Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal
University, Beijing 100037, China; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Sinopachymeridium popovi, a new genus and species of fossil true bugs is
described. The new species is reported from the Jiulongshan Formation (Middle Jurassic),
in Daohugou Village, Shantou Town, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. It clearly
belongs to Pachymeridiidae by Sc, R and M diverging at a single point and presence costal
fracture. The new genus is most similar to Pachycoridium Popov, 1986, but can be
distinguished from the latter by the larger body, rostrum extending to second abdominal
sternite, first vein of membrane situated remote from anterior margin of fore wing and
fourth and fifth veins forming a merged vein.
±
Key words.— Sinopachymeridium popovi, new genus, new species, Pachymeridiidae,
fossil, Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation.
INTRODUCTION
Pachymeridiidae, an extinct heteropteran Mesozoic
family, was established by Handlirsch (1906). Psychrocoridae Handlirsch, 1925, Hypocimicidae Handlirsch,
1925 and Sisyrocoridae Handlirsch, 1925 were merged
into Pachymeridiidae by Popov and Wootton (1977).
They also postulated this family belonging to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, most closely related to the
Lygaeidae and the Idiostolidae based on the venation
of the fore wing. Pachymeridiidae distinctly retain the
costal fracture, considered ancestral to the Coreoidea
(embracing both Pyrrhocoroidea and Lygaeoidea).
They flourish during the Jurassic. Its extinction during
the mid Cretaceous remains unexplained (Shcherbakov and Popov 2002).
The Pachymeridiidae comprise ca. 20 genera: Pachymeridium Geinitz, 1880, Sisyrocoris Handlirsch,
1925, Psychrocoris Handlirsch, 1925, Hypocimex
Handlirsch, 1939, Apsicoria Handlirsch, 1939, Cathalus Handlirsch, 1939, Lygaenocoris Popov, 1961,
Sinicoris Hong, 1983, Pallicoris Lin, 1986, Cretacoris Popov, 1986, Pachycoridium Popov, 1986, Corioides Hong, 1987, Kezuocoris Hong, 1987, Positocoris Popov, 1990, Pronotaphanus Popov, 1990, Takshania Popov, 1990, Aphanocoris, Popov, 1990, Corrivalius, Popov, 1990 and Neomeridium Popov,
Dolling et Whalley 1994. Representatives of this family
has been described from the Early Jurassic of North
West Europe (Becker-Migdisova 1962), the Middle Jurassic of China, the Early Jurassic of England and the
Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan, the Early Cretaceous of
Siberia and Mongolia (Popov 1986, 1990).
A new fossil Pachymeridiidae is described herein
from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, in
Daohugou Village, Shantou Town, Ningcheng County,
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF PALAEONTINIDAE
(INSECTA: HEMIPTERA) FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC
OF DAOHUGOU, CHINA
BO WANG1*, HAICHUN ZHANG1, YAN FANG1 and ZHILI ZHANG2
1
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute
of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 39 East Beijing Rd.,
Nanjing 210008, China
2College of Resources and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum,
18 Fuxuelu, Beijing 102249, China
*Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Eoiocossus validus gen. and sp. nov., a new genus and species belonging to
Palaeontinidae (Insecta, Hemiptera), is described from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,
Inner Mongolia, China. It differs from other genera as follows: large forewing with small
clavus, Sc terminating in costal margin beyond the nodus, nodal line along m4-cua partly,
CuA2 with two branches and A2 developed. The ripple-like posterior margin and fresh
colour pattern of Eoiocossus may be sex characteristics. The marginal membrane and
ambient vein have not distinct evolutionary implications for the Palaeontinidae.
±
Key words.— Eoiocossus validus, Hemiptera, Palaeontinidae, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou,
China, new genus, new species.
INTRODUCTION
The extinct family Palaeontinidae was originally
placed in the order Lepidoptera (Handlirsch 1906), and
later transferred to Homoptera (Hemiptera) by Tillyard (1921). Hong (1982) reported the first palaeontinid in China based on an isolated hindwing. Zhang
(1997) later summarized the palaeontinids from China.
Very recently, abundant and well-preserved palaeontinid specimens have been collected from the Middle
Jurassic of Daohugou, but most of them belong to the
known genera (Tan and Ren 2002, Wang and Ren 2006,
Wang et al. 2006). This paper is to report a new genus.
MATERIAL
AND METHODS
All the specimens described here were collected
from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou deposits (41°18’38”N,
119°13’20”E) near Daohugou Village, Chifeng City,
Inner Mongolia, China. These fossils are preserved as
impressions on the surface of grey tuffaceous siltstones.
The age of the fossil-bearing strata is still debatable. The radiometric dating of the overlying ignimbrite
yielded a date of 164 Ma (Chen et al. 2004) or 159.8
Ma (He et al. 2004), a Middle Jurassic or early
Late Jurassic age. However, the stratigraphy at the
Daohugou fossil site was considered to be either
a normal sequence (Chen et al. 2004, Gao and Ren
2006) or an overturned one (He et al. 2004, Wang
et al. 2005). Apparently, a further geological survey is
required to clarify matters. Judging from the Daohugou insect fauna, the age is Middle Jurassic (Rasnitsyn et al. 2006), early Middle Jurassic (Ren et
al. 2002) or late Middle Jurassic – early Late Jurassic (Zhang 2006). Herein, we adopt the Middle Jurassic from the analysis of the Daohugou biota (Shen
PROTODIKRANEURINI TRIB. NOV. FROM
THE EOCENE BALTIC AMBER (HEMIPTERA:
CICADELLIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE)
CEZARY GĘBICKI1 and JACEK SZWEDO2*
1
Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, Jan Długosz University
of Częstochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42-201 Częstochowa;
2
Department of Systematics and Zoogeography, Museum and Institute of Zoology,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, PL 00-679 Warszawa, Poland;
*
Corresponding author
Abstract.— The new genera and species of the new fossil tribe Protodikraneurini trib. nov.
of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) are described. The new genera and species
are: Protodikraneura gen. nov. with Protodikraneura cephalica sp. nov. and
Protodikraneura nasti sp. nov., Stareono mirabilis gen. nov. and sp. nov. The keys to
recently recognized tribes of Typhlocybinae is given. Taxonomic position of Protodikraneurini as well as extant tribes of Typhlocybinae is discussed. Some other fossils
formerly believed to be representatives of Typhlocybinae and their placement is also
discussed. “Typhlocyba” bremi Heer, 1855 is excluded from Typhlocybinae.
±
Key words.— Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Protodikraneurini, Protodikraneura, Stareono, Protodikraneura nasti, Protodikraneura cephalica, Stareono
mirabilis; new tribe, new genera, new species, Eocene, Baltic amber, inclusions, fossil
insects, taxonomy.
INTRODUCTION
The family Cicadellidae is recognized as one of
the ten most numerous insect families in the world
(Hamilton 1984). It is one of the most numerous
and most diverse families among the Hemiptera.
Extant Cicadellidae comprise over 30000 described species and are estimated to comprise five times
more of recent species (Dietrich 2002 and unpublished
data, Szwedo 2002). The feature typical of Cicadellidae is the presence of strong and sometimes long
setae on the hind leg tibiae, and the hind leg femora
with a few more or less strong spines placed distally. The hind leg coxae are parallel, and connected
by the uniting peg (Emeljanov 1987). Tegmina are
usually membranous, sometimes pellicular, with
distinct longitudinal veins; hind wings are usually
membranous. Leafhoppers can be found on all continents and in nearly every habitat that supports vascular plant life, including deserts, grasslands, wetlands,
and forests. They are usually found feeding on the
above-ground stems or leaves of plants. The great
diversity of the group probably stems from a combination of factors including their long evolutionary history, their association with an enormous variety of
flowering plants, and their success at occupying
a broad range of habitats and climates. Cicadellidae
are regarded as paraphyletic unit which was suggested
by morphological (Hamilton 1983, 1999), palaeontological (Shcherbakov 1992) and behavioural (Rakitov
THE FIRST FOSSIL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
GENUS ANALETRIS EDMUNDS, 1972 (INSECTA:
EPHEMEROPTERA: ACANTHAMETROPODIDAE)
FROM THE EOCENE BALTIC AMBER
ROMAN J. GODUNKO1* and MAŁGORZATA KŁONOWSKA-OLEJNIK2
1*
State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Teatralna str. 18, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected],
[email protected]
2Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences,
Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa str. 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
Abstract.— The male subimago of Analetris secundus sp. nov. is described and
illustrated from the Eocene Baltic amber. A new species presents the first fossil
representative of the previously monotypic genus Analetris Edmunds, 1972. The extant
species Analetris eximia Edmunds, 1972 is known from the Northwestern of the North
America. Critical characters distinguishing these both species are discussed.
±
Key words.— Ephemeroptera, Acanthametropodidae, Analetris, new species, fossil,
Eocene, Baltic amber.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Analetris Edmunds, 1972 was described
for a single species, Analetris eximia Edmunds, 1972,
based on a male subimago (holotype) and nymphs from
Utah, Wyoming and Saskatchewan (Northwestern of
the North America). Edmunds and Koss (1972) placed
this genus in the subfamily Acanthametropodinae Edmunds, 1963 within the family Siphlonuridae Banks,
1900 together with the extant genera Acanthametropus Tshernova, 1948 and Siphluriscus Ulmer, 1920,
and the fossil Stackelbergisca Tshernova, 1967 from
the Upper and Middle Jurassic (Buryatiya and Chita
Region, Eastern and Southern Siberia). Demoulin
(1974: 3) attributed Acanthametropus and Analetris
to different subfamilies, suggesting a new subfamily
Analetridinae Demoulin, 1974 for the latter species.
This author didn’t assign the genera Siphluriscus and
Stackelbergisca to any of the mentioned subfamilies,
bringing them together in the unnamed subfamily
„Subfam. incerta” of the family Siphlonuridae on the
basis of the wing structure similarity. Lehmkuhl (1976)
published a detailed description of the adults of both
sexes and the larva of A. eximia, and he analyzed the
peculiarities of the species biology and distribution.
Edmunds et al. (1976) reverted to the concept of
Acanthametropodinae sensu lato (see also Hubbard
1990), suggesting Acanthametropus to be a larval
instar of Siphluriscus. However, a further description
of Acanthametropus imagines (see Tshernova et al.
1986: 126–128) and study of types (males imago and
subimago) of Siphluriscus chinensis Ulmer, 1920
from the collection of the Institute of Zoology, Humboldt University, Berlin (McCafferty and Wang 1994:
211–212) refuted that assumption. McCafferty (1991a:
349) recognized the family Analetrididae Demoulin,
1974. Later on, McCafferty and Wang (1994: 210) recombined the genera Acanthametropus and Analetris into a single the family, Acanthametropodidae,
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PTYCTIMOUS MITES
(ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM MESOAMERICA
WOJCIECH NIEDBAŁA
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University,
Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Morphological descriptions of four new ptyctimous species: Mesoplophora
(Mesoplophora) parabacilla sp. nov., Arphthicarus paraallocotos sp. nov.,
Protophthiracarus varablancus sp. nov., Notophthiracarus conspersus sp. nov.
are given. For each species a comparative analysis has been made.
±
Key words.— Acari, Ptyctima, new species, Mesoamerica.
INTRODUCTION
The knowledge of ptyctimous mites of Neotropical
Region has been summarised in my monograph (Niedbała 2004). The present paper is my subsequent contribution to the knowledge of these mites. In the material recently obtained from the Department of Zoology,
University of Innsbruck and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, La Selva, Costa Rica, I have found specimens of four new species representing phylogenetically different groups of ptyctimous mites. One of the species belongs to Arthroptyctima, while the other to Euptyctima. Each species represents a different genus, but
all these genera are rather abundantly in Neotropical
Region. One of them Notophthiracarus has not been
speciose in Mesoamerica.
Abbreviations:
DATE – Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology,
Poznań;
INBio – Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, La Selva,
Costa Rica.
TAXONOMY
Mesoplophora (M
Mesoplophora) parabacilla sp. nov.
(Fig. 1. A–G)
Description. Measurements of holotype (adult):
prodorsum: length 278, height 212; notogaster: length
404, height 252, c1 seta 58.2; length of genitoaggenital
plate 187, length of anoadanal plate 95.9, distance
between genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates 40.4.
Measurements of protonymph: prodorsum: length 177,
height 86.0, sensillus 86.0, setae: interlamellar 50.6,
lamellar 25.3, rostral 27.8; notogaster: length 235,
height 162, seta h1 35.4. Measurements of tritonymph:
prodorsum: length 242, height 116, sensillus 58.2,
setae: interlamellar 81.0, lamellar 55.7, rostral 48.1,
exobothridial 7.6; notogaster: length 358, width 303,
height 242, setae: c1 63.2, h1 65.8.
Types (in DATE). Holotype and four paratypes.
PAN 332, Panama, Prov. Chiriquí, La Fortuna, Cordillera Talamanca, lower montane rain forest, 1220 m
a.s.l.; partially-decayed leaf litter, moist to wet, 19 II
2004, leg. H. Schatz; seven paratypes. PAN 209, Panama, Darién, Cana, tropical wet forest, well-developed
secondary forest, above mine, 700 m a.s.l., deep litter
layer, well-decayed leaf litter with roots and humus
below uppermost layer, dry to moist, 22 II 1996, leg. H.
Schatz.
Etymology. The prefix para is Latin meaning
“near” and refers to the similarity of the new species
with neotropical species Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) bacilla Niedbała, 2004.
Comparison. The new species is similar to Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) bacilla Niedbała, 2004
but adult is easy distinguishable by the presence
of 9 ventral setae and arrangement of genital setae:
6: 1. Protonymph light, with sensilli covered with 10
NOTHRUS OLSZANOWSKII AND NOTHRUS PALLIDUS
(ACARI: ORIBATIDA: NOTHRIDAE) NEW CROTONIOID
MITES FROM ECUADOR
MAŁGORZATA KUTY
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University,
Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— The morphology of new Neotropical oribatid mites Nothrus olszanowskii sp.
nov. and N. pallidus sp. nov. from Ecuador is described and illustrated. The comparison
with the most similar species: Nothrus jaliscoensis Palacios-Vargas et Iglesias, 1997,
N. gracilis Hammer, 1961 and N. discifer Hammer, 1961 is included.
±
Key words.— Nothrus olszanowskii, N. pallidus, Acari, Oribatida, Nothridae, morphology,
Ecuador, Neotropical region, new species.
INTRODUCTION
Moss mite species of the genus Nothrus (Oribatida:
Crotonioidea: Nothridae) occur worldwide, excluding
Antarctic Region. Only 12 species have been described
from the Neotropical region so far (Subías 2004). The
purpose of this paper is to propose two species new for
science and compare them to related representatives
of the genus.
The present paper is a continuation of the study on
the crotonioid mite fauna of Ecuador, based of the
results of the circumtropical collecting program
launched in 1963 by Prof. J. Balogh (Eötvös Loránd
University, Budapest).
The mites were preserved in 70% ethanol and
cleared in lactic acid. One specimen of N. pallidus sp.
nov. was examined with a scanning electron microscope in Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory,
A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. Specimen
was mounted on stubs with double-sided stickytabs,
coated with gold in a Balzers SPC 050 ion coater, and
observed in a Philips 515 scanning electron microscope.
The reference material is stored in the Basel Natural History Museum, Switzerland (holotypes, 3 paratypes of N. pallidus sp. nov.) and in the collection of
Dr. Ziemowit Olszanowski (Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań,
Poland) (2 paratypes of N. pallidus sp. nov.).
MATERIAL
TAXONOMY
AND METHODS
The description presented is based on the material
from the Basel Natural History Museum, Switzerland.
All samples were collected by Prof. A. Zicsi and Dr. I.
Loksa from provinces Pichincha and Cotopaxi in
Ecuador.
Only 1 adult of Nothrus olszanowskii sp. nov.
was found in 1 sample; 6 specimens of N. pallidus sp. nov. studied come from 1 sample from
Ecuador.
List of localities (Ecuador)
Nothrus olszanowskii sp. nov.: Naranhito /Prov.
Cotopaxi/, on the way to San Francisco de las Pampas,
ca. 2200 m. – 9.II.1986 – 1,5 km in the direction of Toachi, forest patch with many palm trees, litter and soil.
Nothrus pallidus sp. nov.: Cotacachi /Prov.
Imbabura/, on the banks of Rio Ambi – 22.II.1986 – soil
and detritus of reed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF ENEMOTHROMBIUM
BIFOLIOSUM (CANESTRINI, 1884) (ACARI:
PARASITENGONA: MICROTROMBIDIIDAE),
REDESCRIPTION OF ADULT AND DEUTONYMPH
WITH COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY
OF MICROTROMBIDIIDAE
ANDREAS WOHLTMANN1, * and GRZEGORZ GABRYŚ2, 3
1
Findorffstr. 11, D-27721 Ritterhude, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]
Department of Biology, Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences,
University of Zielona Góra, Monte Cassino 21B, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland;
3Department of Zoology & Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental
and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5b, Pl-51-631, Wrocław, Poland
*
to whom all correspondence should be sent
2
Abstract.— The larva of Enemothrombium bifoliosum (Canestrini, 1884) is described
for the first time. Postlarval instars are redescribed and the neotype is designated.
Diagnoses of adults, deutonymphs and larvae for Enemothrombium Berlese, 1910 and
Valgothrombium Willmann, 1940 are provided. Parafeiderium culicoidium
Vercammen-Grandjean et Cochrane, 1974 is transferred to Enemothrombium.
Parafeiderium stuarti Baker, 1999 is transferred to Valgothrombium. Parafeiderium
Vercammen-Grandjean et Cochrane, 1974 is considered a junior synonym of Enemothrombium Berlese, 1910. Lacinitrombium Southcott, 1994 and Furcotrombium
Southcott, 1994 are synonymized with Valgothrombium. As a result, four new
combinations arose: Enemothrombium culicoidium (Vercammen-Grandjean et
Cochrane, 1974), comb. nov., Valgothrombium fluminis (Michener, 1946), comb. nov.,
Valgothrombium spasiscutum (Robaux, 1974), comb. nov. and Valgothrombium
stuarti (Baker, 1999), comb. nov. Data about phenology, life cycle, development and
parasitism of E. bifoliosum are reported. The phylogenetic position of Enemothrombium
within Microtrombidiidae is discussed.
±
Key words.— Acarology, taxonomy, biology, life cycle, neotype, new synonym, new
combination.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Enemothrombium Berlese, 1910 comprises three species reported from Europe and Africa
(Gabryś 1999). All species have been hitherto known
exclusively form the postlarval instars, whereas heteromorphic larvae remained unknown. Nearly nothing is
reported about the biology of Enemothrombium species, the phylogenetic position of the genus within the
Microtrombidiidae is ambiguous.
CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION OF MICROSATELLITE
LOCI IN EUROPEAN WOODPECKERS (PICIDAE)
ROBERT RUTKOWSKI*, TOMASZ D. MAZGAJSKI and ŁUKASZ REJT
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679
Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract.— Microsatellites are currently a popular genetic marker in population and
conservation genetics. Initial identification of the marker is expensive and labourconsuming, therefore cross-species microsatellite amplification is often use in species with
a poorly recognized genome. The aim of our study was to assess the possibility of using
microsatellite markers described for white-backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in
genetic studies of other species of European Picidae. The set of six microsatellites was
tested on nine woodpecker species. For each of them we describe number of loci
successfully amplified and their level of polymorphism. We briefly discuss the possibility of
utilizing tested markers in population and ecological studies of Picidae.
±
Key words.— Woodpeckers, Picidae, microsatellites, cross-species amplification, Dendrocopos, Picus, Picoides, Dryocopus, Jynx.
INTRODUCTION
Recently, molecular tools have been widely applied
in the investigation of woodpeckers to resolve the phylogeny of the family (e.g., Weible and Moore 2002) and
phylogeography of some species (Zink et al. 2002a, b),
thus dealing with a taxonomic level higher than population. However, conservation efforts and genetic population studies often requires fine-scale analysis, for
example, estimation of genetic variability or genetic
structure. Until recently, these types of studies on
woodpeckers have been rare. The main focus of these
investigations has been concentrated on the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis
(Stangel et al. 1992, Haig et al. 1994, Daniels et al.
2000). These studies have applied allozymes and RAPD
markers, very useful due to “generality”, but they present several disadvantages (Jones et al. 1997, Lowe et
al. 2004). These difficulties can be overcome by using
microsatellites – popular molecular markers, frequently applied in conservation genetics and ecological studies, due to the high level of polymorphism interlinked
with the power they provide to solve biological problems, as well as the possibility of analysis using fast
and effective technique of PCR. Hence their introduction in studies of woodpeckers seems justifiable.
One of the factors limiting an even broader use of
microsatellites is that the initial identification of the
marker is expensive and labour-consuming, moreover
it requires cloning and sequencing. To overcome these
disadvantages, researchers often adapt information
about microsatellite markers originally developed for
one (the source) species, for use in an other, usually
closely related, species (the target). This strategy,
based on using PCR primers described for one species
to amplify homologous microsatellite in an other species, was called cross-species microsatellite amplification and has become widely applied, frequently with
success (Moore et al. 1991, Gemmell et al. 1997, Primmer et al. 1996, Gibbs et al. 2000). This strategy is very
important in bird studies, as it was shown that the
avian genome contains about 10 times fewer microsatellites then other genomes, for example human
(Primmer et al. 1997).
Annales Zoologici
Contents of volume 56
M. V. Angel, K. Blachowiak-Samolyk. Obtusoecia (Halocyprida: Myodocopa: Ostracoda) a bipolar
planktonic oceanic genus. Taxonomy, bathymetry and zoogeographical distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Banaszkiewicz. Comparative study of female genitalia in Pedinini (sensu Iwan 2004) (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae: Pedinini), with the notes of the classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L. Bartolozzi, A. Sforzi. Remarks on the Brentid collection of the Warsaw Museum and Institute of Zoology
(Coleoptera: Brentidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. A. Belokobylskij, K. Maeto. Review of the genera from the subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae) new for Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Bezděk. Three new species and a new record of Apophylia Thomson, 1858 from Eastern India
(Coleoptera: Chysomelidae: Galerucinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Bouamer, S. Morand. Nematodes parasites of Testudinidae (Chelonia): list of species and
biogeographical distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. R. Chani-Posse. Larval morphology and chaetotaxy of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) based on descriptions of eight species from Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X. Chen, X. Li, A. Liang, L. Yang. Review of the bamboo delphacid genus Malaxa Melichar (Hemiptera:
Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Constant. Revision of the Eurybrachidae (VI). The Australian genus Nirus Jacobi, 1928 (Hemiptera:
Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Czechowski, B. Markó. Uncomfortable protection: Formica polyctena Först. shelters Formica fusca
L. from Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Czechowski, A. Radchenko. Do permanently mixed colonies of wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
really exist? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. Dlussky, A. Radchenko. Fallomyrma gen. nov., a new myrmicine ant genus (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae) from the Late Eocene European amber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H. Dong, D. Yang, T. Hayashi. Review of the species of Poecilosomella Duda (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)
from continental China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. E. Flores, R. Carrara. Two new species of Nyctelia Latreille from western Argentina, with
zoogeographical and ecological remarks on the high mountain habitat (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . .
J. Gardzinska. A revision of the spider genus Ohilimia Strand, 1911 (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Gardzińska, M. Żabka. A revision of the spider genus Diolenius Thorell, 1870 (Araneae: Salticidae) . .
C. Gębicki, J. Szwedo. Protodikraneurini trib. nov. from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae:
Typhlocybinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R. J. Godunko, M. Kłonowska-Olejnik. The first fossil representative of the genus Analetris Edmunds,
1972 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Acanthametropodidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R. J. Godunko, Ch. Neuman. Fossil mayfly collections of the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University
Berlin. I. Electroletus soldani gen. and sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) from the Eocene Baltic
amber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Gök, E. Gül, I. Şen, Y. Ayvaz. Redescription of Lochmaea limbata Pic, 1898 with a new synonym
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. R. Haddad, W. Wesołowska. Notes on taxonomy and biology of two Stenaelurillus species from
southern Africa (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Hołyńska. On species of the genus Thermocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopodidae) occurring in northern
Queensland, Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Iwan. Revision of African Ectateus group (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platynotina). Part IV.
Quadrideres luigii, new species from Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Iwan, M. Banaszkiewicz. Review of the genus Bantodemus Koch, 1955 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae:
Platynotina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Iwan, G. Robiche. Pseudoselinus zambiaiensis, a new species from Africa (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae: Platynotina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
197
59
29
675
259
225
7
159
305
539
667
153
643
487
375
387
763
785
175
601
575
335
79
623
481
A. Kilian. Studies on morphology of immature stage of the tribe Agathidiini (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Part
IV. Agathidium angulare Mannerheim, 1852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N. J. Kluge, R. J. Godunko, W. Krzemiński. A new mayfly family (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Eocene
Baltic amber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Kuty. Nothrus olszanowskii and Nothrus pallidus (Acari: Oribatida: Nothridae) new crotonoid mites
from Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y. Liu, D. Ren, N. D. Sinitshenkova, C. Shih. A new Middle Jurassic stonefly from Daohugou, Inner
Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Liu, D. Ren, J. Tan. New fossil weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae) from the Jehol
Biota of western Liaoning, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X. Liu, D. Yang. Revision of the species of Neochauliodes Weele, 1909 from Yunnan (Megaloptera:
Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Lozan, V. Thomas. Species of the genus Microchelonus Szépligeti, 1908 with very small apical
metasomal aperture in males (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. M. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki. A review of the New World species of the shore-fly genus Leptopsilopa
Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. S. Medvedev, D. Iwan. Notes on the taxonomy of tenebrionid beetles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. Mirabdullayev. Redescription of Thermocyclops kawamurai Kikuchi, 1940 (Copepoda:
Cyclopoida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Niedbała. Four new species of ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Mesoamerica . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Radchenko, G. W. Elmes, A. Alicata. Taxonomic revision of the schencki-group of the ant genus
Myrmica Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Palaearctic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. M. Radwański, C. Fiera, W. M. Weiner. A new species of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola:
Onychiuridae: Onychiurinae) from Romania and a redescription of Protaphorura glebata (Gisin,
1952) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Ren, J. Tan. A new cupedid genus (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Cupedidae) from Jehol Biota of western
Liaoning, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R. Rutkowski, T. D. Mazgajski, Ł. Rejt. Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci in European
woodpeckers Picidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Schawaller. The species of the African genus Stomylus Fåhraeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae:
Diaperinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Ślipiński, D. Burckhardt. Revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part 5. Tribe
Serangiini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Ślipiński, J. A. Giorgi. Revision of the Australian Coccinelidae (Coleoptera). Part 6. Tribe
Chilocorini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Smolis, L. Deharveng. A new species of Pronura Delamare Deboutteville, 1953 from North Vietnam
(Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Sterzyńska, I. Kaprus, R. Ehrnsberger. A new species of the genus Anurida Laboulbéne, 1865 from
river floodplains of Poland (Collembola: Neanuridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. Stworzewicz, B. M. Pokryszko. Eocene terrestrial snails (Gastropoda) from Baltic amber . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Susulovsky, G. Winiszewska. Two new species of the genus Prionchulus Cobb, 1916 (Nematoda:
Mononchina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R. Szadziewski, P. Dominiak. New synonyms of European Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Szwedo. A new genus Waghilde gen. nov. representing a new tribe of the planthopper family Achilidae
from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Szwedo, T. Wappler. New planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Middle Eocene
Messel maar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J. Tan, D. Ren, Ch. Shih. New cupedids from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Coleoptera:
Archostemata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K. W. Tomaszewska. Stroheckeria quadrimaculata, new genus and new species of Lycoperdininae from
Vietnam (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Wang, H. Zhang, Y. Fang, Z. Zhang. A new genus and species of Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Hemiptera)
from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Wang, D. Yang, P. Grootaert. New species of Teuchophorus from China (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) . . .
A. Warchałowski. Sphaeroderma ancora, a new Asian species of the subfamily Alticinae (Insecta:
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Warchałowski. Stylosomus arnoldi, a new North-African species of the subfamily Cryptocephalinae
(Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
587
181
799
549
601
187
327
85
613
369
791
499
449
457
819
471
37
265
443
255
215
241
139
167
555
1
465
757
315
441
497
W. Wesołowska. A new genus of ant-mimicking salticid spider from Africa (Araneae: Salticidae:
Leptorchestinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Wohltmann, G. Gabryś. Description of the larva of Enemothrombium bifoliosum (Canestrini, 1884)
(Acari: Parasitengona: Microtrombidiidae), with redescription of adult and deutonymph and comments
on the phylogeny of Microtrombidiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. J. Woźnica. Protoorbellia hoffeinsorum gen. and sp. nov., a new Heleomyzoid genus and species of
the tribe Orbelliini Gorodkov from Baltic amber (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. J. Woźnica. Three new species of the genus Suillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from the Neotropical
Region (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Yang, P. Grootaert. A new species of Chillocottomyia from Guizhou, with a key to species from China
(Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotinae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y. Yao, W. Cai, D. Ren. Sinopachymeridium popovi gen. and sp. nov. – a new fossil true bug
(Heteroptera: Pachymeridiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Zhang, J. Li, S. Fu, J. Qiu. Four new earthworm species belonging to the genus Amynthas Kinberg and
Metaphire Sims et Easton (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Guangdong, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y. Zhu, D. Yang, P. Grootaert. A new species of Paramedetera, with a key to species from China (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Żabka. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. XIX. Genus
Pellenes Simon, 1876 in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
435
805
147
657
311
753
249
323
567
Supplement 1
W. Niedbała. Pyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W. Niedbała. Supplement to the knowledge of pyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Australian
Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
99
New taxa described in volume 56
Amalaberga gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 561
Amalaberga ostrogothiorum sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 561
Amynthas dinghumontis sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhang, Li, Fu, Qiu p. 250
Amynthas liaoi sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhang, Li, Fu, Qiu p. 251
Analetris secundus sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Acantometropodidae) . . . . . Godunko, Kłonowska-Olejnik p. 786
Anurida riverina sp. nov. (Collembola: Neanuridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sterzyńska, Ehrnsberger p. 255
Apophylia dembickyi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bezděk p. 260
Apophylia halberstadti sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bezděk p. 260
Apophylia pesai sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bezděk p. 262
Aristoleuctra gen. nov. (Plecoptera: Baleyopterygidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Ren, Sinitshenkova p. 550
Aristoleuctra yehae sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Baleyopterygidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Ren, Sinitshenkova p. 550
Arphthicarus paraallocotos sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 793
Babidae fam. nov. (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kluge, Godunko, Krzemiński p. 181
Baba gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Babidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kluge, Godunko, Krzemiński p. 182
Baba lapidea sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Babidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kluge, Godunko, Krzemiński p. 182
Baninus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 558
Baninus thuringiorum sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 558
Bantodemus durbaniensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwan, Banaszkiewicz p. 627
Bantodemus harmonius sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwan, Banaszkiewicz p. 627
Brenthorrhinoides latipecteris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Ren, Tan p. 608
Brenthorrhinoides angustipecteris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Ren, Tan p. 608
Brenthorrhinoides magnoculi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Ren, Tan p. 608
Brumoides piae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Giorgi p. 268
Caenophanes confusus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 676
Caenophanes infuscatus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 679
Caenophanes kyushuensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 681
Caenophanes pumilio sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 683
Caenophanes rasilis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 685
Caenophanes yakuensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 688
Chilocorus maculatus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Giorgi p. 270
Chilocorus micrus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Giorgi p. 272
Chilocottomyia zhuae sp. nov. (Diptera: Empididae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yang, Grootaert p. 311
Diolenius angustipes sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 392
Diolenius decorus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 393
Diolenius insignitus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 391
Diolenius infulatus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 394
Diolenius lineatus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 394
Diolenius paradoxus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 396
Diolenius redimiculatus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 393
Diolenius varicus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 396
Diolenius virgatus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardzińska, Żabka p. 395
Electroletus gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Godunko, Neumann p. 178
Electroletus soldani sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Godunko, Neumann p. 178
Eoiocossus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wang, Zhang p. 758
Eoiocossus validus sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wang, Zhang p. 758
Fallomyrma gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dlussky, Radchenko p. 154
Fallomyrma transversa sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dlussky, Radchenko p. 156
Gracilicupes gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tan, Ren, Shih p. 2
Gracilicupes crassicruralis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tan, Ren, Shih p. 2
Gracilicupes tenuicruralis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tan, Ren, Shih p. 5
Guaygata mayaensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 692
Halmus hilli sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Giorgi p. 278
Halmus viridis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Giorgi p. 279
Latocupes gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ren, Tan p. 458
Latocupes bellus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ren, Tan p. 461
Latocupes fortis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ren, Tan p. 458
Leluthia (Euhecabolodes) postfucalis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 700
Leluthia (Leluthia) honshuensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 695
Leluthia (Leluthia) nagoyae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 698
Leptopsilopa andiana sp. nov. (Diptera: Ephydridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mathis, Zatwarnicki p. 105
Leptopsilopa flavicoxa sp. nov. (Diptera: Ephydridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mathis, Zatwarnicki p. 111
Leptopsilopa martharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Ephydridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mathis, Zatwarnicki p. 118
Leptopsilopa placentia sp. nov. (Diptera: Ephydridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mathis, Zatwarnicki p. 124
Malaxa hunanensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chen p. 163
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) parabacilla sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 791
Metaphire dadingmontis sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhang, Li, Fu, Qiu p. 253
Metaphire nanlingmontis sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhang, Li, Fu, Qiu p. 252
Microchelonus gracitis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lozan, Tobias p. 333
Microchelonus vickae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lozan, Tobias p. 331
Mimipodoryctes rokkoensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 704
Myrmica inucta sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radchenko, Elmes p. 511
Myrmica onoyamai sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radchenko, Elmes p. 507
Myrmica siciliana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radchenko, Elmes, Alicata p. 502
Neochauliodes bicuspidatus sp. nov. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Yang p. 188
Neochauliodes parcus sp. nov. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Yang p. 192
Neochauliodes punctatolosus sp. nov. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liu, Yang p. 193
Neurocrassus hinoematus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 707
Neurocrassus hypodoryctoides sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 709
Neurocrassus ibarakius sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 712
Neurocrassus miyanourus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 714
Neurocrassus sanageensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 716
Nothrus olszanowskii sp. nov. (Acari: Nothridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuty p. 800
Nothrus pallidus sp. nov. (Acari: Nothridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuty p. 800
Notophthiracarus conspersus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 793
Nyctelia nevadonensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flores, Carrara p. 488
Nyctelia setipennis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flores, Carrara p. 489
Parallorhogas ambiguus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 720
Parallorhogas boninus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 723
Parallorhogas icarus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 725
Parallorhogas maeseensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 728
Parallorhogas pacificus micronesianus subsp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 733
Parallorhogas pacificus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 720
Paramedetera elongata sp. nov. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhu, Yang, Grootaert p. 324
Poecilosomella biseta sp. nov. (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dong, Yang, Hayashi p. 650
Poecilosomella guangdongensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . Dong, Yang, Hayashi p. 652
Prionchulus bogdanowiczi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Mononchidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . Susulowsky, Winiszewska p. 244
Prionchulus hygrophilus sp. nov. (Nematoda: Mononchidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Susulowsky, Winiszewska p. 241
Pronura pomorskii sp. nov. (Collembola: Neanuridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smolis, Deharveng p. 444
Propupa gen. nov. (Gastropoda: Vertiginidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stworzewicz, Pokryszko p. 216
Propupa hoffainsorum sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Vertiginidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stworzewicz, Pokryszko p. 217
Protaphorura ionescui sp. nov. (Collembola: Onychiuridae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radwański, Fiera, Weiner p. 449
Protodikraneurini trib. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 764
Protodikraneura gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 765
Protodikraneura cephalica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 765
Protodikraneura nasti sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 766
Protoorbelia gen. nov. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woźnica p. 148
Protoorbelia hoffeinsorum sp. nov. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woźnica p. 148
Protophthiracarus varablancus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 793
Pseudoselinus zambiaiensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwan, Robiche p. 481
Quadrideres luigii sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwan p. 79
Rhacontsira insulicola sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 739
Rhacontsira toyota sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 741
Rhacontsira yamagishii sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 743
Serangium bellum sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 40
Serangium glourius sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 41
Serangium glourius sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 41
Serangium magnum sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 43
Serangium monteithi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 44
Serangium nitidum sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 46
Serangium sculptum sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 46
Serangium yam sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ślipiński, Burckhardt p. 47
Sinopachymeridium gen. nov. (Heteroptera: Pachymeridiidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yao, Cai, Ren, p. 754
Sinopachymeridium popovi sp. nov. (Heteroptera: Pachymeridiidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yao, Cai, Ren, p. 754
Sphaeroderma ancora sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warchałowski p. 441
Spathiomorpha japonica sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belokobylskij, Maeto p. 747
Stareono gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 766
Stareono mirabilis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gębicki, Szwedo p. 766
Stenaelurillus natalensis sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haddad, Wesołowska p. 580
Stroheckeria gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomaszewska p. 466
Stroheckeria quadrimaculata sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomaszewska p. 469
Stylosomus arnoldi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warchałowski p. 497
Suillia danielssoni sp. nov. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woźnica p. 658
Suillia huggerti sp. nov. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woźnica p. 661
Suillia steyskali sp. nov. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woźnica p. 662
Termocyclops crucis sp. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hołyńska p. 336
Termocyclops pseudoperculifer sp. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hołyńska p. 340
Teuchophorus guangdonensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . Wang, Yang, Grootaert p. 316
Teuchophorus yingdensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wang, Yang, Grootaert p. 318
Teuchophorus zhuae sp. nov. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wang, Yang, Grootaert p. 319
Ugandinella gen. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wesołowska p. 435
Ugandinella formicula sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wesołowska p. 436
Waghilde gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Achilidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo p. 168
Waghilde baltica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Achilidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo p. 168
Wedelphus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 556
Wedelphus dichopteroides sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szwedo, Wappler p. 556
New taxa described in volume 56 supplement 1
Acrotritia munita sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 22
Arphthicarus bulbosus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 34
Arphthicarus scuticus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 109
Atropacarus (H.) brevisetosus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 51
Atropacarus (H.) buffaloensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 114
Austrophthiracarus glenniensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 107
Austrophthiracarus parafusticulus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 107
Austrophthiracarus parapilosus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 107
Austrophthiracarus parapulchellus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 108
Austrophthiracarus warburtonensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 108
Austrophthiracarus weldboroughensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 109
Austophthiracarus cordylus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 33
Austrotritia engelbrechti sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 18
Euphthiracarus rectsi sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 18
Euphthiracarus scuticus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 19
Hoplophthiracarus mallacoolaensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 106
Indotritia cypha sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 14
Indotritia didyma sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 14
Indotritia eksteeni sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 15
Indotritia fusa sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 15
Indotritia partita sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 16
Indotritia phymatha sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 16
Mesoplophora (P.) elsi sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 8
Mesoplophora (P.) iuvenalis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 9
Mesoplophora (P.) pertenuis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 9
Mesoplophora (P.) setulosa sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 9
Microtritia paratropica sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 106
Notophthiracarus agulhasensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 35
Notophthiracarus bonangensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 110
Notophthiracarus brachys sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 110
Notophthiracarus buffaloensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 110
Notophthiracarus capevidalensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 36
Notophthiracarus coetzeeae sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 36
Notophthiracarus cristatus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 37
Notophthiracarus dandenongemsis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 111
Notophthiracarus deminutus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 38
Notophthiracarus diaphorillus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 39
Notophthiracarus frondeus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 40
Notophthiracarus glennieensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 111
Notophthiracarus gongylos sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 41
Notophthiracarus grosus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 41
Notophthiracarus knysnaensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 42
Notophthiracarus korannabergensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 42
Notophthiracarus mekistos sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 43
Notophthiracarus natalensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 44
Notophthiracarus parabonangensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 111
Notophthiracarus paracapillatus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 112
Notophthiracarus paraendroedyyoungai sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 45
Notophthiracarus pararavidus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 112
Notophthiracarus phyllodes sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 46
Notophthiracarus procerus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 47
Notophthiracarus pumilus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 47
Notophthiracarus queenslandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 112
Notophthiracarus ravidus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 113
Notophthiracarus rhachis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 48
Notophthiracarus rotoitiensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 113
Notophthiracarus serratus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 49
Notophthiracarus spinus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 49
Notophthiracarus tsitsikamaensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 50
Notophthiracarus vernonensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 50
Notophthiracarus zululandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 51
Oribotritia afromontanensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 10
Oribotritia deminuta sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 11
Oribotritia gladiola sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 11
Oribiotritia paraincognita sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 105
Oribotritia pecki sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 11
Phthiracarus anakolos sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 26
Phthiracarus blythedalensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 27
Phthiracarus densus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 28
Phthiracarus hillcrestensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 29
Phthiracarus humilis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 29
Phthiracarus kokae sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 30
Phthiracarus leliehoekensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 30
Phthiracarus pertenuis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 31
Plonaphacarus toolangiensis sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 106
Protophthiracarus crinatus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 34
Protophthiracarus engelbrechti sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niedbała p. 35
Ackonwledgments
The editors whish to acknowledge the help of the follwing colleagues who have served as reviewers for one or more
manuscripts submitted for publications.
R. Aalbu
C. van Achterberg
D. Achrents
P. H. Adler
D. P. Ambrose
F. Angelini
S. B. Archibald
A. S. Baker
M. V. L. Barclay
R. W. Baumann
R. J. Blakemore
R. Beenen
S. Belokobylskij
J. Bezděk
R. Booth
S. Bouamer
Th. Bourgoin
F. Cassola
J. Constant
C. H. Dietrich
G. Dlussky
A. Fjellberg
M. J. Fletcher
G. Gabryś
R. Godunko
A. V. Gorokhov
P. Greenslade
I. Y. Grichanov
Ch. E. Griswold
M. D. Hubbard
Y. Hong
S. Ingrisch
L. M. Jacobus
S. James
R. Jordana
I. M. Kerzhner
N. Yu. Kluge
F. T. Krell
J. F. Lawrence
A. A. Legalov
J. A. Lis
J. T. Longino
A. A. Mabelis
V. Makarkin
S. Mahunka
S. Marshall
B. Markó
E. G. Matthews
J. Mąkol
F. Menon
O. Merkl
A. Nel
R. A. Norton
L. B. O’Brien
Z. Olszanowski
D. L. Pearson
E. Petitpierre
N. I. Platnick
J. Pomorski
A. G. Ponomarenko
Yu. A. Popov
J. Prószyński
F. W. Quednau
W. Rabitsch
G. Robinson
J. Ružička
B. Seifert
B. J. Sinclair
I. Sivec
F. Soldati
C. Soriano
J. Sorvari
R. Szadziewski
W. Schawaller
A. Ślipiński
Ch. A. Triplehorn
M. Wanat
T. Wappler
A. Warchałowski
M. D. Webb
W. Weiner
W. Wesołowska
P. Węgierek
J. Wiesner
R. Wills Flowers
T. Zatwarnicki
M. Żabka

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