przyimki-miejsca-i-czasu
Transkrypt
przyimki-miejsca-i-czasu
34 Zastosowanie przyimków miejsca Przyimki występują zwykle z rzeczownikami przymiotnikami lub zaimkami. W języku angielskim istnieje szeroka gama przyimków miejsca określających położenie osób i rzeczy. Do podstawowych należą ‘at’, ‘in’, ‘on’. Wszystkie one mogą wyrażać podobne znaczenia ‘na, w, przy, u’ w zależności od rzeczownika, z którym występują. Złożeń takich należy nauczyć się na pamięć, gdyż tylko w nielicznych przypadkach istnieje analogia w zastosowaniu podobnych przyimków w języku polskim. at a bus stop at a concert at a party at home at school at work at university at the airport at the border at the (railway) station at the baker’s at the chemist’s in Europe / Africa in Poland / England in Warsaw / London in a town / a city / a village in a shop in a garden / a park in a room in a book / a magazine in the middle of (the road) in a museum in bed in hospital at the dentist at the doctor’s at the stationer’s at the traffic lights at Adam’s (house) at my friend’s (house) at the door in the house in Peter’s house in the street in the world in the sky in a car / a taxi in my hand on a table on a plate on a wall on a map on a desk on a shelf on a tree on an island on the floor on the carpet on the ground on the ceiling on the coast on the ground floor on the first / second floor on the right / the left on page (fifty) on a bus / a train / a plane on a ship Let’s visit David. He is certainly at home. We cannot be late at the airport. I usually buy toothpaste at the chemist’s. You must stop at the traffic lights. Did you buy these buns at the baker’s? Why are you standing at the door? Cindy’s mother works in a shop. Wait in my room. I’ll come back soon. The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. I left my documents in your house. Brian is in hospital because he is ill. We live in Greenery Street. There are a few biscuits on the plate. All your magazines are on the shelf. I will hang the poster on the wall. There are few plums on the trees. ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166 ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== 74 I. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ the dentist the floor a shop the sky the door ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ the table the coast bed Australia the bus-stop ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ university a shelf the left a taxi the border II. Napisz odpowiedzi stosując podane rzeczowniki z właściwymi przyimkami. 1. ‘Where is Alice now?’ 2. ‘Where did you meet Mr Grey?’ 3. ‘Where are Van Gogh’s pictures?’ 4. ‘Where did she lose her purse?’ 5. ‘Where are clouds?’ 6. ‘Where do you buy envelopes?’ 7. ‘Where does Tom study?’ 8. ‘Where did you put the books?’ (the park) (the station) (a museum) (a train) (the sky) (a stationer’s) (university) (the desk) ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ ‘.................................................’ III. Uzupełnij zdania rzeczownikami z właściwymi przyimkami. a concert the ground floor the map the photo a village work 1. The Greens don’t live upstairs. They live ........................................ . 2. Mr Howard is ........................................ in his office. 3. We were ........................................ yesterday. It was the Rolling Stones and friends. 4. ‘Can you recognise anyone ........................................?’ ‘Oh, yes. It is my grandpa.’ 5. Our grandfather lives ........................................ far from the city area. 6. This place must be very small. I cannot find it ........................................ . IV. Uzupełnij zdania przyimkami ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’. 1. There are some guests .................... our neighbours’ house. 2. Walton Street is the second .................... the right. 3. We had a very nice afternoon .................... the garden yesterday. 4. The police caught the thieves .................... the border. 5. ‘Where is chapter three?’ ‘.................... page fifty seven.’ 6. ‘Did you have a good time .................... the party last night?’ ‘Oh yes, we did.’ 7. The first settlers travelled .................... a ship. 8. We are thinking of spending two weeks .................... Italy in summer. 9. There is someone .................... the door. Go and open it. 10. The explorers hoped to find gold .................... the island. 11. Be careful .................... the street. There a lot of cars there. 12. Look! There is a damp spot .................... the ceiling. ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166 ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== 75 35 Zastosowanie przyimków czasu Przyimki występują z rzeczownikami lub zaimkami. Podstawowe przyimki występujące z określeniami czasu to ‘at’, ‘in’ oraz ‘on’. Znaczenie, jakie wyrażają zależy od rzeczownika, z którym występują. Typowych złożeń należy nauczyć się na pamięć, gdyż tylko w nielicznych przypadkach istnieje analogia w zastosowaniu podobnych przyimków w języku polskim. Przyimek ‘at’ występuje z: - określeniami godziny: at 6 o’clock, at 8.15 a.m., at 7.15 p.m. - określeniami pory dnia: at noon, at midday, at midnight, at night - nazwami świąt: at Christmas, at Easter - innymi określeniami: at the moment, at the weekend, at weekends at the beginning/the end of April/the month/the week Przyimek ‘in’ występuje z: - nazwami miesięcy: - określeniem roku: - nazwami pór roku: - nazwami pór dnia: in June, in September, in December in 1824, in 1900, in 1972, in 1999 in spring, in summer, in autumn (fall), in winter in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the night Przyimek ‘on’ występuje z: - nazwami dni: on Sunday, on Monday, on Friday - określeniem dzień + pora dnia: on Tuesday morning, on Saturday evening - datami określającymi konkretny dzień: on 28 September, on 22 July, on 3 May - z nazwami świąt przypadającymi na konkretny dzień: on April Fool’s Day, on New Year’s Eve Przyimki czasu nie występują z określeniami: ‘every’, ‘last’, ‘next’, ‘this’, ‘tomorrow’. We play cards every day. She arrived last week. Tim is coming next Sunday. What are you doing on Monday evening? Brian passed his exams in May. The Boltons returned at midnight. We are meeting on 1 September. He went to hospital in winter. We usually stay at home at weekends. ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166 ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== 76 I. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Wednesday eleven o’clock November Christmas 31 March ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Friday afternoon the weekend midnight the night spring ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ 1989 5.15 a.m. noon the evening Saturday night II. Napisz odpowiedzi stosując podaną informację oraz właściwe przyimki. 1. ‘When is Fred’s birthday?’ 2. ‘When was it raining?’ 3. ‘When did you wake up?’ 4. ‘When is Christmas Eve?’ 5. ‘When are the Browns returning?’ 6. ‘When are you free?’ 7. ‘When is the great match?’ 8. ‘When did people walk on the moon?’ (17 February) (Thursday) (7.30 a.m.) (24 December) (Friday morning) (summer) (Sunday evening) (1969) ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ ‘.......................................’ III. Uzupełnij zdania stosując podane zwroty z właściwymi przyimkami. April Fool’s Day autumn Easter midnight Sunday July and August 1. People don’t usually go to work ........................................ . 2. Summer holidays are ........................................ . 3. Children should be in their beds ........................................ . 4. We like to play a lot of practical jokes ........................................ . 5. ......................................... , leaves on trees go red and yellow. 6. It’s a tradition to paint eggs ......................................... . IV. Wpisz przyimki ‘at’, ‘in’ lub ‘on’ jeżeli są wymagane. 1. Are you going to visit us .................... Saturday afternoon? 2. Christopher Columbus discovered America .................... 1492. 3. Our baby fell ill .................... Christmas Day. 4. .................... last year, Mr Jenkins wrote two books. 5. It is usually cold and snowy .................... winter in our country. 6. .................... 9 May, the war came to an end. 7. We are collecting money for poor people .................... this week. 8. ‘What is Joan doing .................... the moment?’ ‘She is watching cartoons.’ 9. My alarm-clock rang .................... six o’clock .................... the morning. 10. The accident happened .................... Tuesday morning. 11. The conference is starting .................... next Monday. 12. The temperature was the highest .................... noon. ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== Plik zabezpieczony watermarkiem jawnym i niejawnym: 1075453A65326166 ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== ##7#52#aMTA3NTQ1M0E2NTMyNjE2Ng== 77