Introduction Olshanitsky quarry – from

Introduction
Olshanitsky quarry – from anthropogenic to semi-natural ecosystems. This is a project that
brought together a team of teachers and students from the botany department of Educational and
Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology" (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine).
The goal of our project is to identify the ways and rates of the primary succession of the
anthropogenically altered landscapes. That helps us to optimize environmentally reasonable usage
and reclamation of the granite quarries on the example of Olshanitsky quarry.
The major task is - learn and evaluate the species diversity of fungi, algae and vascular plants
on the Olshanitsky quarry territory.
The research was carried-out in three main directions:
Investigation of the vascular plants vegetation (PhD Senchylo O.A., Tareev .S.)
It includes an inventory of the species composition of higher plants, definition of current
succession stage by means of full geobotanical descriptions, identification of the spots with maximum
species richness, detection of rare, endangered and endemic species that are protected in the territory
of Ukraine, predicting the further course of succession, searching the ways of the early recovering,
conservation and enhancement of the diversity of plants.
Investigation of the mycological variety (PhD Dzhagan V.V., Scherbakova Yu.V.)
It includes species composition identification of fungi and fungi-like organisms with subsequent
systematic analysis, analysis of an environmental and trophic structure, altitude differentiation of
mycobiota of the quarry and revealing fungal-plant communities associations.
Investigation of algae diversity (PhD Kryvenda
., Kryvosheya
.N., Molchanova
.V.,
Nenyuk M.S., Podorozhnaya L. ., Romanchuk I.Yu.)
It includes sampling algae from water, soil and aerophytic substrates, identification and species
composition analysis, isolation of unialgal cultures, assessment of water bodies environmental status
via diatom indexes.
The Olshanitsky granite quarry is situated on the left bank of Ros river in 6 km southwest from
Olshanitsa station on Rokitnanskij district in Kyivskaja region and 12 km west from a small town
Rokitnoe. The quarry is connected with the town via auto-road.
The quarry is situated at the Rossavo-Rosskaja lowland. The landscape is almost flat moderately
elevated towards the north and northeast. The landmarks vary from 136 till 141 meters above the sea
level.
The major waterbody of the district is river Ros, which flows from west to east. River Ros is a
lowland river. The water level is 132,68 meters above the sea level, the water level is rising up to 2 – 3
meters during spring flood.
The district is mainly agricultural. Also the mining industry is developed well.
The climate is temperate continental. The maximum air temperature is +30 º
August period, the minimum air temperature is -36 º
during July-
in January and February. The depth of soil
freezing is 1,1 meter. The snow cover height is 15-20 cm, the number of days with snow cover
observed is 100 – 105. The rainfall quantity is 520 mm.
The geological composition of the quarry is presented by Precambrian crystalline rocks and it
their alluvial crust, tertiary and quaternary deposits.
The explored area of the Olshanitsky granite quarry belongs to nonagricultural lands and
belongs to Boguslav forestry. It's covered with pine forest.
The flora and fauna of this region are typical for the Southern Ukrainian Polyssa.
Materials and Methods:
The samples were collected during field expeditions. The information about localization,
substrate type and general view of the sampling points was recorded during the sampling.
The collected material was treated according to widely used standard methods. The species
identification was conducted using appropriate identification keys, monographs and atlases.
The analysis of flora, plant communities’ structure, succession rates and ecological cenotic
characteristic was performed by following methods: geobotanical description and transect method.
The valid Latin names of identified species were listed according to databases of International
mycological association «MycoBank» and International mycological institute CABI, «Index
Fungorum». The material was examined using light microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star. Photographs
were taken with a digital camera Scope Tek Etrek DCM-510.
The microscopic sections were studied in water and 10 % KOH solution. A Melzer's reagent
was used for detecting amyloid reaction on the asci apexes. In order to investigate the morphology of
fruit bodies (incl. hairs, cell types and spores cell wall structure) we have used a 6% ammonia solution
of Congo Red.
The new records of fungi were confirmed by «Fungi of Ukraine: preliminary checklist» and
“CYBERTRUFFLE” database (www.cybertruffle.org.uk).
The trophical and ecological groups of fungi were detected based on field observations and
relevant earlier researches.
The herbarium of fungi specimens from territory of Olshanitski granite quarry is preserved in
the Mycological herbarium of botanical department Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
(KWU)
Soil samples were collected according to standard procedures (Kostikov, 2001) in areas with
different levels of anthropogenic pressure. Samples form the spots with terrestrial algae blooms were
collected in 1.5 ml microtubes with liquid medium, samples of water and periphytic algae - in the test
tubes.
After the samples were inoculated with a modified Bold Basal Medium (Kryvenda A., 2007), or
fixed with 2% formalin solution for storage.
Permanent slides of diatoms frustules were made using a hot hydrogen peroxide. The species
identification and relative abundance counts were made. Diatom indices SLA (Sladechek Index) IPS
(Index of Sensitivity to Pollution) and IBD (Biological Diatom Index) were calculated using the software
package Omnidia v. 3.
Results:
Flora and vegetation analysis of the Olshanitski granite quarry
As a result of the field studies in Olshanitsky quarry we have identified nearly species of higher plants
which belong to 4 phyla, 6 classes, 11 orders and 14 families. We have made a total of 4 full
geobotanical descriptions and collected herbarium material for scientific KWU herbarium as well.
Moreover, the check-list of higher plant species occurring in the anthropogenically altered area was
composed.
During the contest period our team took part in 7 expeditions at different seasons, so the seasonal
dynamics of plant communities was observed.
This project provides us with opportunity to acquainted students of Botany Department of Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv with the features of flora and vegetation of technogenically
disturbed ecosystem.
The Olshanitskii Quarry has different altitude zones. Some parts of the top-zone of the quarry can be
classified as intact ecotope. Forest vegetation of this zone is typical for pine terraces of forest-steppe
zone of Ukraine.
There are communities from class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 and class
Pulsatillo-Pinetea sylvestris Oberdorfer, 1992. Some fragments of highest altitude zone of the quarry
can be classified as an intact ecotopes. Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. are dominant in the
arboreal storey. Grass cover has a distinct seasonal dynamics. Among ephemeroids we noted
Pulsatilla pratensis L., which is listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, Gageae erubescens Schult.f., and
Corydalis solida (L.) Clairw.
The middle layers are granite outcrops without of specific petrophytic vegetation. The
derivative communities formed by Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott and Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh
were found there. This observation can be explained by the lack of petrophytes’ diasporas.
The lowest altitude zone resembles a wetland. This ecotope type characterized by specific
plant communities from class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea with participation of Typha L., Polygonum L.,
Salix L., Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla, Alisma plantago-aquatica L., Veronica beccabunga L.
Also the communities from Cypero fusci - Limoselletum association aquaticae from IsoetoNanojuncetea class grow on periodically submerged places.
Fig.1 Pulsatilla pratensis L., listed in Red Book of Plants of Ukraine
Analysis of mycological biodiversity from Olshanitski granite quarry
During the vegetation season of 2012 we collected and investigated 217 herbarium specimens
of fungi from territory of Olshanitski granite quarry.
We have identified 114 species from 87 genus, 52 families, 22 orders, 9 classes and 3 phyla’s
in total.
The majority of species belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota: 87 species (76.3% from all
identified species) which belong to 61 genera, 34 families, 11 orders and 3 classes.
The highest species richness was characteristic for order Agaricales (31 species). Order
Polyporales (25 species) was the second richest. Such distribution pattern is typical for the forests of
Ukraine.
Phylum Ascomycota was presented by 21 species (18.4% of the total number) which belongs
to 20 genera, 13 families, 7 orders, 4 classes.
Prevailing orders of phylum Ascomycota in the study area were: Pezizales (7 species) and
Hypocreales (4 species).
This is due to the fact that the representatives of the first order are the main humus
saprotrophs associated with rich soils on Ukrainian Polissia. Species of second order are mainly
xylosaprotrophic. So their growth is facilitated by the abundance of the substrate (dead wood).
We have also detected 6 species of fungi-like organisms from classes Myxomycetes and
Protosteliomycetes, which belong to 6 genera, 5 families and 4 orders.
Based on an analysis of literature on fungi of Kyiv region (Fungi of Ukraine: A Preliminary
Checklist / KIEV OBLAST) and Ukraine in general we determined that 47 species are new for this
region. These are 4 representatives of Ascomycota, 42 species from Basidiomycota, and one
representative of Myxomycota.
One species from Discomycetes group Barlaea constellatio (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. was new
for the territory of Ukraine (Fig. 1.).
It was found on bare sandy ground on road- and path sides, among mosses and on burned
ground in July-September. Widespread, but not common.
Fruiting body 1-12 mm, turbinate to cushionlike, hymenium bright orange-red and sometimes
undulating. Outer surface lighter to whitish-pink, often drawn strongly sinuous. Growing singly to
gregariously or in clusters.
Spores round, hyaline, smooth, with one or several drops, 13-17 µm. Asci eight-spored 200250 × 18 µm, Melzer's-negative reaction
Paraphyses cylindrical, splender, tips bent over like a cane and not thickened, not septate but
forked.
Fig. 2. Barlaea constellatio (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. a – Apothecia, b – Asc with spores,
–
Himenium layer, d – Paraphyses.
Most various growth conditions and trophic relations of mushrooms accessible to them
substrates are responsible to formation of their major environmental groups.
Fungi and fungi-like organisms from Olshanitski granite quarry can be divided into three
groups: biotrophic (parasites), symbiotrophic (mycorrhizal) and saprotrophic fungi.
The largest group is saprotrophic fungi, which thrive on organic matter of dead remains. 94
species (81, 4% from total number) which can be distributed between 5 ecological groups were found
on the territory of the quarry
Xylotrophs is the largest trophic group of saprotrophic fungi. This group is the most
widespread on this territory (64 species). They are characterized by the highest stability of species
composition in plant communities. Most xylotrophic saprotroph were associated the three main tree
species – Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur and Corylus avellana. Daedaleopsis confragosa, Daedalea
quercina, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Nectria cinnabarina and Diartrype disciformis were dominant.
Humus saprotrophs – fungi, which mycelium develops in the lower layer of forest floor in the
humus-accumulative soil horizon. This group comprises 15 species.
Wood litter saprotrophs are represented by 8 species. Mycelium of this species localized in
forest floor.
Briotrophic or fungi that decompose dead part of mosses. To this group we have assigned 6
species: Hypholoma elongatum, Omphalina galericolor, O. pyxidata, Neotiella rutilans, Anthracobia
melaloma and Barlaea constellatio.
Carbotrophic fungi is a specific group of fungi, which use a blend of mineral soil particles with
the charred remains of wood as substrate, and thus prepare the substrate for further settlement of
higher plants.On studied area they are represented by only one species Rhizina undulata.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi is one of the most well-known plant–fungus
associations and is of significant importance for plant growth and persistence in many ecosystems.
We found 9 species (7.83% from all identification species), which engage in mycorrhizal relationships
with Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur
Betula pendula. Representatives the families of Boletaceae and
Amanitaceae are dominated.
12 species were plant parasite which can be distributed among the three trophic groups:
xylotrophic, phytotrophic and mycotrophic fungi.
Phytotrophic fungi – macro- and micromycetes, which feed on tissues of vascular plants. We
have detected 6 species from this group. These are Rhytisma acerinum on leafs of Acer platanoides,
Phyllosticta cruenta associated with species of genus Polygonatum, and Lophodermium pinastri on firneedles of Pinus sylvestris.
Xylotrophic group was represented by 5 species, which live on wood of impaired plants
(mainly of the genus Phellinus).
We also detected one representative of mycotrophic group (Hypomyces aurantius) on fruiting
bodies of other mushrooms.
Thus mycological diversity of GQ Olshanitski is represented by 3 ecological and 9 trophical
groups. The largest group was saproxylotrophical fungi.
We had an opportunity to observe the species composition of vegetation at different stages of
succession, depending on the depth of the quarry.
The highest diversity of fungi was characteristic for the upper terrace (141-143 m above sea
level). We found 95 species of fungi and fungi-like organisms. Such a high species number is due to
the fact that this site has not been exploited, so its vegetation reached the climax state.
123-126 m asl - Terrace on which the vegetation and mycobiota presented relatively weak.
here there were only 6 species.
101-103 m asl - Terrace with Corylus avellana as subdominant, where we found 34 species of
fungi.
On the lower terrace, as well as on the floor of the quarry we have not detected mycological
component.
4 mycocommunities can be distinguished according to main phytocenoses studied:
1.
The upper terrace where Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur and Corylus avellana were
dominants. 95 species of fungi and fungi-like organisms were identified, mainly xylotrophs.
2. The self-seeding of pines on the surface exploited granite extraction works – 13 species,
mostly they were phycotrophic.
3, Granite associated species. Only 6 species were identified, including rare for the territory of
Ukraine medicinal mushroom - Calvatia gigantea
4. Association with Corylus avellana as subdominant– 34 species, mostly saprotrophic and
associated with mosses.
Analysis of algological biodiversity from Olshanitski granite quarry
The diversity of soil and freshwater algae of Olshanitsky granite quarry was studied. Algae of
terrestrial (lithophytic and soil) and water (from water column and biofilms on aquatic vegetation)
habitats were sampled. We have collected a total of 49 samples including 6 combined samples of the
soil.
Soil samples were taken at two different spots on the following sites: the first site: pine-oak
forest of the upper-level terrace, where no granite extraction works were performed. The second site is
bordered by roadsides, and is also located on the upper terrace. Green algae were dominant in soil
samples from the forest area (genus Chlamydomonas sp., Characium sp.). There weren’t any
representatives of Cyanophyta. However, Cyanophyta appeared in the algaecommunity from the area
near the road due to it’s soil compaction caused by anthropogenic and tehnogenic influence and lack
of coniferous litter. Cyanophyta were represented by macroscopic colonies of the Nostoc commune,
as well as by genera Phormidium and Leptolyngbya (Phormidium autumnale (Agardh) Gomont,
Leptolyngbya frigida (Fritsch) Anagnostidis et Komarek).
Lithophytic species were represented by aqua-lithophytic species from a wet quarry wall on
which little streams flow down. Though they are surrounded by air, but constantly wetted by
condensed moisture. Among the epilithic algae (growing on rocks and cliffs without constant moisture)
green algae (Klebsormidium sp., Desmococcus sp., Stichococcus sp.) were dominant. Additionally
diatoms (Luticola sp.) were present.
Diatoms and green algae were dominants in water. Macroscopic growths of green algae form
the class Zygnematophyceae: Spirogira sp., Mougeotia sp., and Zygonema sp. Also various and
numerous representatives of Euglenophyta (Euglena viridis Ehr., Euglena Spirogyra Ehr., Phacus sp.).
Among the Cyanophyta representatives of the genera Oscillatoria and Lyngbya were
dominants.
There were representatives of the Xanthopyta (Tribonema sp.), which is characteristic for
standing water.
Achnantidium minutisimum, Fragilaria ulna, Nitzschia frustulum, Meridion circulare were most
widespread in periphytic communities. According to diatom Indexes values the water pollution of the
lower quarry’s level was estimated. The quarry waters belong to the
-mesosaprobic zone (SLA -
12,5). The level of organic pollution – medium (IPS - 14,7). The overall quality of the water,
determined by the index of IBD, shows that water refers to the class II. The class II includes water of
good quality; this is due to the lack of agricultural activity.
In the process of unialgal strains isolation are 6 strains of diatoms, 6 of Chlorophyta and 5
Cyanophyta. The two strains of Mayamia atomus from soil samples were isolated in monoculture. All
isolated strains will be transferred to the Algae Collection of
Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko
University (ACKU).
Conclusion
The species diversity of fungi algae and higher plants was relatively high for the man-made
landscapes.
The quarry has variety of habitats with different environmental conditions. These habitats are
divided between four altitude zones with different succession rates.
The Olshanitsky granite quarry is an example of a facility with low production volume, small
mining area (64 ha), and relatively small number of mining equipment. Therefore the significant impact
on the microclimatic conditions is absent and is not to be expected in the future.
However, as far as the quarry is operational facility with continuous granite mining, the lower and
middle storeys of forest are unstable and migrating.
The advices for the quarry revegetation
Since the habitats of the lower and middle storeys and substantial part of upper storey will be
transformed during the mining it is necessary to transfer the diaspores of rare and endangered
species to the equivalent habitats in order to conserve them.
As far as the quarry lower part will be flooded with underground waters, the introduction of the
water higher plants to created de novo ecosystem will be appropriate.
The succession rates acceleration is expected on the not flooded granite outcrops.
At unflooded areas of granite outcrops after finishing of exploitation the acceleration of the
succession processes. We can to recommend the introduction of some shrubs as Rosa canina L.,
Cotinus coggygria Scop., Prunus spinosa L., Amygdallus nana L., Cerasus fruticosa (Pall.) G. Woron,
and different species of Cotoneaster genus. This may be able to create favorable conditions for
strengthening anti-scree slopes. In addition we can recommend the introduction of species complexes
that are specific for natural granite outcrops and now are devoted as rare and endemic to the territory
of Ukraine. Also we can to recommend the usage of petrophytes’ diasporas for the complete floristic
complexes formation of the granite outcrops from nearest granite quarries where the excavation of
minerals had already finished. Such quarries are located in Kirovograd and Mykolayiv regions and
also natural granite outcrops are located in Cherkasy region (near the river Synyukha).
Thus the Olshanitsky granite quarry can be converted into the center of biodiversity protection
and preservation.
Application
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Taxonomical list of higher plants from the quarry “Olshanitskii”
Bryophyta
Polytrichopsida
Polytrichales
Polytrichaceae
Polytrichum sp.
Bryopsida
Dicranales
Dicranaceae
Dicranum sp.
Polypodiophyta
Polypodiopsida
Blechnales
Woodsiaceae
Athyrium filix-femina
Cystopteris fragilis
Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris filix-mas
Dicksoniales
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium aquilinum
Pinophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus sylvestris
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus robur
Quercus rubra
Betulaceae
Betula pendula
Betula pubescens
Corylaceae
Corylus avellana
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Acer platanoides
Acer negundo
Salicales
Salicaceae
Salix acutifolia
Salix caprea
Salix cinerea
Aristolochiales
Aristolochiaceae
Asarum europaea
Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae
Pulsatilla pratensis
Saxifragales
Crassulaceae
Hylotelephium ruprechtii
Asterales
Asteraceae
Achillea submillefolium
Sonchrus luteus
Cichorium intybus
Artemisia absintium
Artemisia vulgare
Taraxacumofficinale
Anthemis sp.
Leucanthemum sp.
Fabales
Fabaceae
Medicago lupulina
Myrtales
Lythraceae
Lythrum salicaria
Scrophulariales
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica beccabunga
Verbascumursinum
Papaverales
Fumariaceae
Corydalis solida
Rubiales
Rubiaceae
Galium aparine
Galium verum
Adoxales
Sambucaceae
Sambucus nigra
Urticales
Urticaceae
Urtica dioica
Balsaminales
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens parviflora
Araliales
Apiaceae
Aegopodiumpodagraria
Oxalidales
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis acetosella
Poales
Poaceae
Agrostis tenuis
Agropyron pectinatum
Anisantha tectorum
Calamagrostis epigeios
Poa nemoralis
Elytrigia repens
Koeleria glauca
Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Polygonum arviculare
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum dulcamara
Alismatales
Alismataceae
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Liliopsida
Typhales
Typhaceae
Typha laxmannii
Typha angustifolia
Typha latifolia
Juncales
Juncaceae
Juncusbuffonius
Juncusgerardii
Liliales
Liliaceae
Gagea erubescens
Cyperales
Cyperaceae
Carex pseudocyperus
Schoenoplectus lacustris
Application
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Check-list of fungi and fungal-like organisms from the quarry “Olshanitskii”
Fungi
Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker
Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker
Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & P. Syd.
Phyllosticta Pers.
P. cruenta (Kunze ex Fr.) J. Kickx f.
Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Leotiomycetidae
Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan
Erysiphaceae Tul. & C. Tul.
Microsphaera Lév.
M. alphitoides Griffon & Maubl.
Helotiales Nannf.
Dermateaceae Fr.
Tapesia (Pers.) Fuckel
T. fusca (Pers.) Fuckel
Rutstroemiaceae Holst-Jensen, L.M. Kohn & T. Schumach.
Rutstroemia P. Karst.
R. bolaris (Batsch) Rehm
Sclerotiniaceae Whetzel
Monilinia Honey
M. fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhland) Honey
Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter
Rhytismataceae Chevall.
Lophodermium Chevall.
L. foliicola (Fr.) P.F. Cannon & Minter
L. pinastri (Schrad.) Chevall.
Rhytisma Fr.
R. acerinum (Pers.) Fr.
Pezizomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Pezizomycetidae Locq.
Pezizales J. Schröt.
Helvellaceae Fr.
Helvella L.
H. atra J. König
Pyronemataceae Corda
Anthracobia Boud.
A. melaloma (Alb. & Schwein.) Boud.
Barlaea Sacc.
B. constellatio (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Humaria Fuckel
H. hemisphaerica (Hoffm.) Fuckel
Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc.
N. rutilans (Fr.) Dennis
Tarzetta (Cooke) Lambotte
T. catinus (Holmsk.) Korf & J.K. Rogers
Rhizinaceae Bonord.
Rhizina Fr.
R. undulata Fr.
Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Hypocreales Lindau
Hypocreaceae De Not.
Hypocrea Fr.
H. sulphurea (Schwein.) Sacc.
Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul.
H. aurantius (Pers.) Tul.
Trichoderma Pers.
T. viride Pers.
Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul.
Nectria (Fr.) Fr.
N. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr.
Xylariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Xylariales Nannf.
Diatrypaceae Nitschke
Diatrype Fr.
D. disciformis (Hoffm.)
Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul.
Daldinia Ces. & De Not.
D. concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not.
Basidiomycota Whittaker ex Moore
Agaricomycotina Doweld
Agaricomycetes Doweld
Hymenochaetales Oberw.
Hymenochaetaceae Imazeki & Toki
Hymenochaete Lév.
H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lév.
Phellinus Quél.
P. punctatus (P. Karst.) Pilát
P. robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin
P. tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & P.N. Borisov
Schizoporaceae Jülich
Schizopora Velen.
S. paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk
Polyporales Gäum.
Fomitopsidaceae Jülich
Daedalea Pers.
D. quercina (L.) Pers.
Fomitopsis P. Karst.
F. pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst.
Laetiporus Murrill
L. sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill
Piptoporus P. Karst.
P. betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst.
Postia Fr.
P. caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst.
Meruliaceae Rea
Bjerkandera P. Karst.
B. adusta (Willd.) P. Karst.
Cerocorticium Henn.
C. molare (Chaillet ex Fr.) Jülich & Stalpers
Hyphoderma Wallr.
H. radula (Fr.) Donk
Phanerochaetaceae Jülich
Irpex Fr.
I. lacteus (Fr.) Fr.
Phanerochaete P. Karst.
P. laevis (Fr.) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden
P. sanguinea (Fr.) Pouzar
Polyporaceae Corda
Ceriporia Donk
C. reticulata (Hoffm.) Domanski
Coriolopsis Murrill
C. trogii (Berk.) Domanski
Daedaleopsis J. Schröt.
D. confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt.
D. tricolor (Bull.) Bondartsev & Singer
Fomes (Fr.) Fr.
F. fomentarius (L.) Fr.
Hapalopilus P. Karst.
H. rutilans (Pers.) Murrill
Polyporus P. Micheli ex Adans.
P. alveolaris Bosc
P. arcularius (Batsch) Fr.
P. varius (Pers.) Fr.
Trametes Fr.
T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr.
T. hirsuta (Wulfen) Pilát
T. versicolor (L.) Lloyd
Trichaptum Murrill
T. abietinum (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Ryvarden
T. biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden
T. hollii (J.C. Schmidt) Kreisel
Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David
Auriscalpiaceae Maas Geest.
Auriscalpium Gray
A. vulgare Gray
Peniophoraceae Lotsy
Peniophora Cooke
P. cinerea (Pers.) Cooke
P. quercina (Pers.) Cooke
Russulaceae Lotsy
Russula Pers.
R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr.
Stereaceae Pilát
Stereum Hill ex Pers.
S. hirsutum (Willd.) Pers.
S. rameale (Schwein.) Massee
S. rugosum Pers.
S. subtomentosum Pouzar
Thelephorales Corner ex Oberw.
Thelephoraceae Chevall.
Thelephora Ehrh. ex Willd.
T. terrestris Ehrh.
Agaricomycetidae Locq.
Agaricales Underw.
Agaricaceae Chevall.
Bovista Pers.
B. plumbea Pers.
Calvatia Fr.
C. excipuliformis (Scop.) Perdeck
C. gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd
Cyathus Haller
C. striatus (Huds.) Willd.
Lycoperdon Pers.
L. nigrescens Wahlenb.
L. perlatum Pers.
Macrolepiota Singer
M. procera (Scop.) Singer
Tulostoma Pers.
T. fimbriatum var. campestre (Morgan) G. Moreno
Amanitaceae R. Heim ex Pouzar
Amanita Pers.
A. muscaria (L.) Lam.
A. rubescens Pers.
Cyphellaceae Lotsy
Cylindrobasidium Jülich
C. evolvens (Fr.) Jülich
Coprinaceae Overeem & Weese
Coprinus Pers.
C. micaceus (Bull.) Fr.
Fistulinaceae Lotsy
Fistulina Bull.
F. hepatica (Schaeff.) With.
Hydnangiaceae Gäum. & C.W. Dodge
Laccaria Berk. & Broome
L. bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton
L. laccata (Scop.) Cooke
Inocybaceae Jülich
Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude
C. variabilis (Pers.) P. Kumm.
Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner
Gymnopus (Pers.) Roussel
G. androsaceus (L.) J.L. Mata & R.H. Petersen
G. dryophilus (Bull.) Murrill
Marasmius Fr.
M. bulliardii Quél.
Mycenaceae Overeem
Mycena (Pers.) Roussel
M. galericulata (Scop.) Gray
M. inclinata (Fr.) Quél.
Pleurotaceae Kühner
Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm.
P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.
Pluteaceae Kotl. & Pouzar
Pluteus Fr.
P. cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.
Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead
Coprinellus P. Karst.
C. disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange
Parasola Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple
P. plicatilis (Curtis) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple
Schizophyllaceae Quél.
Auriculariopsis Maire
A. ampla (Lév.) Maire
Schizophyllum Fr.
S. commune Fr.
Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Sm.
Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm.
H. elongatum (Pers.) Ricken
H. fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm.
Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm.
P. squarrosa (Oeder) P. Kumm.
Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouzar
Omphalina Quél.
O. galericolor (Romagn.) Bon
O. pyxidata (Bull.) Quél.
Boletales E.-J. Gilbert
Boletaceae Chevall.
Boletus L.
B. badius (Fr.) Fr.
B. edulis Bull.
Leccinum Gray
L. versipelle (Fr. & Hök) Snell
Xerocomus Quél.
X. chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél.
Paxillaceae Lotsy
Paxillus Fr.
P. involutus (Batsch) Fr.
Suillaceae (Singer) Besl & Bresinsky
Suillus Gray
S. luteus (L.) Roussel
Auriculariomycetidae Jülich
Auriculariales J. Schröt.
Auriculariaceae Fr. ex Lindau
Auricularia Bull. ex Juss.
A. auricula-judae (Bull.) J. Schröt.
A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers.
Phallomycetidae K. Hosaka, Castellano & Spatafora
Geastrales K. Hosaka & Castellano
Geastraceae Corda
Geastrum Pers.
Geastrum pectinatum Pers.
Sphaerobolaceae J. Schröt.
Sphaerobolus Tode
S. stellatus Tode
Gomphales Jülich
Gomphaceae Donk
Ramaria Fr. ex Bonord.
R. myceliosa (Peck) Corner
Dacrymycetes Doweld
Dacrymycetales Lindau
Dacrymycetaceae Bref.
Dacrymyces Nees
D. capitatus Schwein.
D. stillatus Nees
Tremellomycetes Doweld
Tremellomycetidae Locq.
Tremellales Fr.
Exidiaceae R.T. Moore
Exidia Fr.
E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr.
Exidiopsis (Bref.) A. Møller
E. calcea (Pers.) K. Wells
Tremellaceae Fr.
Tremella Pers.
T. foliacea Pers.
T. mesenterica (Schaeff.) Retz.
Myxomycota Whittaker
Myxomycetes
Liceales E. Jahn
Reticulariaceae Chevall.
Lycogala Pers.
L. epidendrum (L.) Fr.
Physarales T. Macbr.
Didymiaceae Rostaf. ex Cooke
Mucilago P. Micheli ex Battarra
M. crustacea P. Micheli ex F.H. Wigg.
Physaraceae Chevall.
Fuligo Haller
F. septica (L.) F.H. Wigg.
Trichiales T. Macbr.
Arcyriaceae Rostaf. ex Cooke
Arcyria Hill ex F.H. Wigg.
A. obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg
Protosteliomycetes Alexop. & Mims
Protosteliales L.S. Olive
Ceratiomyxaceae J. Schröt.
Ceratiomyxa J. Schröt.
C. fruticulosa (O.F. Müll.) T. Macbr
Application
3
Check-list of agae from the quarry “Olshanitskii”
Chlorophyta
Chlamydophyceae
Chlamydomonadales
Chlamydomonodaceae
Chlamydomonas Ehr.
hlamydomonas globosa Snow.
Chlamydomonas noctigama Korschikoff in Pasher
Chlamydomonas moewusii Gerloff
Chlamydomonas reinchardii Dang
Chlamydomonas sp.1
Chlamydomonas sp.2
Chloromonas Gobi em. Wille
Choromonas sp.
Chlorococcum Menegh.
Chlorococcum cf acidum Archibald and Bold
Characiaceae
Characium A. Braun
Characium strictum A. Braun
Characium acuminatum A.Braun in Kützing
Chorellaceae
Chlorella Beijer.
Chlorella cf vulgaris Beijer.
Scotilopsis Vinatzer
Scotielopsis cf levicostata (Gollerbach) Pucocharova Kalinina
Scenodesmaceae
Scenodesmus Meyen
Scenodesmus ellipticus Corda
Scenodesmus bicaudatus Deduss.
Neochloridaceae
Bracteococcus Tereg.
Bracteococcus giganteus Bischoff et Bold
Oedogoniales
Oedogoniaceae
Oedogonium Link
Oedogonium sp
Zygenemaphyceae
Zygnematales
Desmidiaceae
Cosmarium Corda et Ralfs
Cosmarium botrytis Menegh.
Cosmarium obtusatum
Zygnemataceae
Mougeotia Ag.
Mougeotia sp.
Spirogira Link
Spirogira longata
Spirogira sp.1
Spirogira sp.2
Zygnema sp.
Ulvophyceae
Ulotrichales
Ulotrichaceae
Ulotrix Kutz.
Ulotrix sp
Cladophorales
Cladophoraceae
Cladophora Kutz.
Cladophora sp.
Chrysophyta
Heterochrysophyceae
Chromulinales
Ochromonadaceae
Dinobryon Her.
Dinobryon sp.
Xantophyta
Xantophyceae
Tribonematales
Tribonemataceae
Tribonema Derb.
Tribonema sp.
Eustigmatophyceae
Eustigmatales
Eustigmataceae
Eustigmatos
Eustigmatos magnus (Pet) Hibb.
Euglenophyta
Euglenophyceae
Euglenales
Euglenaceae
Euglena Ehr.
Euglena viridis Ehr.
Euglena sp.1
Euglena sp.2
Phacus Duj.
Phacus sp.
Trachelomonas Ehr.
Trachelomonas sp.
Cryptophyta
Cryptophyceae
Cryptomonadales
Cryptomonadaceae
Cryptomonas Ehr.
Cryptomonas parameium Hoef-Emden & Melkonian
Pyrenomonadales
Pyrenomonadaceae
Rhodomonas Karst.
Rhodomonas salina Hill & R.Wetherbee
Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Fragilariophycidae
Fragilariophycanae
Fragilariales
Fragilariaceae
Fragilaria
Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot
Fragilaria capucina Desmazières
Fragilaria virescens Ralfs
Meridion
Meridion circulare (Greville) C.Agardh
Bacillariophycidae
Bacillarianae
Achnanthales
Achnanthidiaceae
Achnanthidium
Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki
Cocconeidaceae
Cocconeis
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg
Cymbellales
Cymbellaceae
Cymbella
Cymbella helvetica Kützing
Cymbella leptoceros (Ehrenberg) Kützing
Gomphonemataceae
Gomphonema
Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg
Gomphonema micropus Kützing
Rhoicospheniaceae
Rhoicosphenia
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C.Agardh) Lange-Bertalot
Bacillariales
Bacillariaceae
Nitzschia
Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow
Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W.Smith
Nitzschia linearis (C.Agardh) W.Smith
Nitzschia dissipata (Kützing) Grunow
Eunotiales
Eunotiaceae
Eunotia Ehrenb.
Eunotia bilunaris Kütz
Eunotia incisa Smith ex Gregory
Eunotia exigua (Brébisson ex Kützing) Rabenhorst
Eunotia fallax Cleve
Eunotia paludosa Grunow
Naviculales
Pinnulariaceae
Pinnularia Ehrenb
Pinnularia borealis
Naviculaceae
Neidiaceae
Mayamaea Lange-Bert.
Mayamaea atomus Kutz.
Navicula
Navicula cryptocephala Kützing
Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot
Navicula veneta Kützing
Surirellales
Surirellaceae
Surirella
Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot
Surirella angusta Kützing
Thalassiophysales
Catenulaceae
Amphora
Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow ex A.Schmidt
Cyanophyta
Chroococcophyceae
Microcystidaceae
Mycrocystis (Kutz) Elenk.
Micricystis sp.
Gloeocapsaceae
Gloeocapsa Hollerb.
Gloeocapsa minor Hollerb
Charophyta
Klebsormidiophyceae
Klebsormidiales
Klebsormidiaceae
Klebsormidium
Klebsormidium sp.1
Klebsormidium sp.2
harophyceae
Charales
Characeae
Chara Linnaeus
Chara sp.
Application
4
,
,
Taxonomy list of fungi, ecological and trophic groups, altitude differentiation and distribution depend on time of samples’ collection
Phylum Ascomycota
-mycotina
Pezizo
-mycetes
-mycetidae
Dothideo
Leotio
Leotio
-ales
-aceae
Genus
Botryosphaeri
Botryosphaeri
Phyllosticta
Erysiph
Erysiph
Microsphaera
Heloti
Rhytismat
Dermate
Tapesia
Rutstroemi
Rutstroemia
Sclerotini
Monilinia
Rhytismat
Lophodermium
Rhytisma
Pezizo
Pezizo
Helvell
Peziz
Pyronemat
Helvella
Anthracobia
Barlaea
Humaria
Neottiella
Tarzetta
Sordario
Hypocreo
Hypocre
Rhizin
Rhizina
Hypocre
Hypocrea
Hypomyces
Trichoderma
Xylario
1
4
4
Xylari
7
Nectri
Nectria
Diatryp
Diatrype
Xylari
Daldinia
13
20
Species
P. cruenta
M. alphitoides
T. fusca
R. bolaris
M. fructigena
L. foliicola
L. pinastri
R. acerinum
H. atra
A. melaloma
B. constellatio
H. hemisphaerica
N. rutilans
T. catinus
R. undulata
H. sulphurea
H. aurantius
T. viride
N. cinnabarina
D. disciformis
D. concentrica
Eco-Troph
1
2
B-H
B-H
S-X
S-X
B-H
B-H
B-H
B-H
S-Hu
S-Br
S-Br
S-Hu
S-Br
S-Hu
S-C
S-X
BS-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
+
+
+
+
+
3
4
+
+
+
+
S
A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
13
5
-
11
Eco-Troph
1
2
3
4
S-X
B-X
B-X
B-X
+
+
+
+
21
Sp
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
4
12
18
Sp
S
A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Basidiomycota
-mycotina
Agarico
-mycetes
Agarico
-mycetidae
-ales
Hymenochaet
-aceae
Hymenochaet
Genus
Hymenochaete
Phellinus
Species
H. rubiginosa
P. punctatus
P. robustus
P. tremulae
+
22
23
24
25
Polypor
Coriolopsis
S. paradoxa
D. quercina
F. pinicola
L. sulphureus
P. betulinus
P. caesia
B. adusta
C. molare
H. radula
I. lacteus
P. laevis
P. sanguinea
C. reticulate
C. trogii
S-X
S-X
S-X
B, S-X
B-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Daedaleopsis
D. confragosa
S-X
+
+
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-WL
S-X
S-X
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Schizopor
Schizopora
Fomitopsid
Daedalea
Fomitopsis
Laetiporus
Piptoporus
Postia
Meruli
Bjerkandera
Cerocorticium
Hyphoderma
Phanerochaet
Irpex
Phanerochaete
Polypor
Ceriporia
Fomes
Hapalopilus
Polyporus
Trametes
Trichaptum
Russul
Auriscalpi
Auriscalpium
Peniophor
Peniophora
Russula
Agarico
Stere
Stereum
Thelephor
Thelephor
Thelephora
Agaric
Agaric
Bovista
D. tricolor
F. fomentarius
H. rutilans
P. alveolaris
P. arcularius
P. varius
T. gibbosa
T. hirsuta
T. versicolor
T. abietinum
T. biforme
T. hollii
A. vulgare
P. cinerea
P. quercina
R. cyanoxantha
S. hirsutum
S. rameale
S. rugosum
S. subtomentosum
T. terrestris
B. plumbea
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-Hu
S-Hu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Calvatia
Cyathus
Lycoperdon
Macrolepiota
Tulostoma
Amanit
Amanita
Cyphell
Cylindrobasidium
Coprin
Coprinus
Fistulin
Fistulina
Hydnangi
Laccaria
Inocyb
Crepidotus
Marasmi
Gymnopus
Marasmius
Mycen
Mycena
Pleurot
Pleurotus
Plute
Pluteus
Psathyrell
Coprinellus
Schizophyll
Auriculariopsis
Schizophyllum
Strophari
Hypholoma
Pholiota
Bolet
Tricholomat
Omphalina
Bolet
Boletus
Leccinum
Xerocomus
Auriculario
Auriculari
Paxill
Paxillus
Suill
Suillus
Auriculari
Auricularia
C. excipuliformis
C. gigantea
C. striatus
L. nigrescens
L. perlatum
M. procera
T. fimbriatum var.
ampestre
A. muscaria
A. rubescens
C. evolvens
C. micaceus
F. hepatica
L. bicolor
L. laccata
C. variabilis
G. androsaceus
G. dryophilus
M. bulliardii
M. galericulata
M. inclinata
P. ostreatus
P. cervinus
C. disseminatus
A. ampla
S. commune
H. elongatum
H. fasciculare
P. scuarrosa
O. galericolor
O. pyxidata
B. badius
B. edulis
L. versipelle
X. chrysenteron
P. involutus
S. luteus
A. auricula-judae
S-Hu
S-Hu
S-X
S-Hu
S-Hu
S-Hu
+
+
+
+
+
+
S-Hu
S-X
S-Hu
S-X
S-Hu
S-Hu
S-X
S-WL
S-WL
S-WL
S-WL
S-WL
S-X
S-X
S-Hu
S-X
S-X
S-Br
S-X
S-X
S-Br
S-Br
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
69
+
+
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
S-X
+
+
+
+
+
63
64
65
66
67
68
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phallo
Dacry
Tremello
Tremello
Geastr
Sphaerobol
Sphaerobolus
Gomph
Gomph
Ramaria
Dacry
Dacry
Dacrymyces
Exidi
Tremell
Exidia
Exidiopsis
Tremell
1
3
4
11
Tremella
34
61
A. mesenterica
S. stellatus
R. myceliosa
D. capitatus
D. stillatus
E. glandulosa
E. calcea
T. mesenterica
T. foliacea
S-X
S-WL
S-WL
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
87
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
79
5
5
22
20
63
69
Eco-Troph
1
2
3
4
Sp
S
A
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
S-X
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Myxomycota
-mycotina
-mycetes
-mycetidae
Myxo
-ales
-aceae
Genus
Lice
Reticulari
Physar
Didymi
Mucilago
Physar
Fuligo
Trichi
Arcyri
Arcyria
Protosteli
Ceratiomyx
Lycogala
+
+
+
-
2
-
4
5
6
6
4
3
1
1
5
5
4
2
9
8
22
52
87
114
6
34
29
80
91
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Protostelio
…….. – trivial species for Kyiv region /
…….. – new record from Kyiv region /
…….. – new record from Ukraine /
S-X – Sapro- xylotrophic fungi /
S-Hu – Humus saprotrophic fungi /
S-Br – ssociated with mosses /
S-WL – Wood litter saprotrophic group /
S-Ca – Carbotrophic fungi /
M – Mycorrhizal fungi /
B-X – Bio- xylotrophical fungi /
B-He – Phytotrophic fungi /
B-M – Mycotrophic group /
,
,
Ceratiomyxa
+
+
+
+
13
L. epidendrum
T. arachnoidea
M. crustacea
F. septica
A. obvelata
C. fruticulosa
95
Tubulifera
Species
109
110
111
112
113
114
1 – 141-143 m above sea level
2 – 141-143 m asl
3 – 123-126 m asl
4 – 101-103 m asl
Sp – Spring /
S – Summer /
A – Autumn /