wyali piruku - Lesson.org.pl

1
„wyali piruku“
eqsperimentis arsi
martivi cda, romlis dros amoyiravebul Wiqidan wyali ar iRvreba.
gamoyenebis sfero/sakvanZo sityvebi wneva, wyali, atmosferuli wneva, hidrostatikuri wneva
saWiro masala
Wiqa
wyali
qaRaldis naWeri (an muyaos, plastmasis da a.S. firfita), romlis
diametri odnav aRemateba gamosayenebeli Wiqis diametrs.
ganxorcieleba
Wiqas wyliT vavsebT. vaxuravT mas muyaos naWers. gviWiravs ra muyao
xeliT, amovayiravoT Wiqa da muyaos xeli gavuSvaT.
ganmarteba
simboloebi,romlebic gamoyenebulia teqstSi:
d – wylis simkvrive
g – gravitaciuli aCqareba
V– wylis moculoba
h – wylis svetis simaRle
S – Wiqis piris diametri
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
2
mwy – wylis masa
m firf – firfitis masa
patm. – atmosferuli wneva
I.
wyali
WiqaSi
(Sebrunebuli
pozicia
–
gauwonasworebeli
mdgomareoba)
Pzeda = Patm
Pqveda = Patm.
Zalebi, romlebic moqmedeben “wyali + firfitaze“ zeviT:
F↑ = pqveda • S
Zalebi, romlebic moqmedeben “wyali + firfitaze“ qveviT:
F↓ = (mwy. + mfirf. ) • g + patm. • S
jamuri Zala mimarTuli iqneba qveviT:
F↑ – F↓ = (mwy. + mfirf. ) • g
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
3
sistemaze “wyali + firfita“ moqmedebs Semdegi Zalebi:
1.
atmosferuli wnevis Zala zevidan (im haeris mxridan, romelic
moqceulia WiqaSi wylis svetis
2.
atmosferuli
wnevis
zeviT).
Zala,
romelic
Wiqis
gare
zedapirze
qvevidan moqmedebs.
3.
gravitaciis (mizidulobis Zala, romelic wyals da firfitas
qveviT eqaCeba.
Tavdapirvelad, wylis svetis zeviT arsebul haers aqvs atmosferuli
wneva (imitom rom igi aseTi wnevis mqone haerisgan aris warmoqmnili);
aqedan
gamomdinare,
zeda
da
qveda
wnevebi
identuria,
magram
mimarTulia urTierTsawinaaRmdegod. amrigad, jamuri Zala, romelic
moqmedebs sistemaze “wyali + firfita”, sinamdvileSi aris ubralod
wylisa
da
firfitis
wona.
aseT
situaciaSi
Tavisufal vardnas iwyebs, rac xdeba myisierad.
wyali
da
firfita
*wylisaTvis gasavali
warmoiqmneba. wyali firfitaze iRvreba da iqve rCeba. wylis raodenoba
mcirdeba da amgvarad Cven „vWimavT“im haeris
moculobas, romelic
moqceulia wylis svetis zeviT. amis gamo misi wneva Δp–Ti mcirdeba.
wylis svetis simaRle Δh – iT mcirdeba. vinaidan zeda wneva vardnas
iwyebs, zeda da qveda wnevebs Soris wonasworoba irRveva, ris gamoc
warmoiqmneba Zala, romelic mimarTulia zeviT da romelic TiToeuli
gadmosuli wylis wveTis Sesabamisad izrdeba. es zrda gagrZeldeba im
dromde,
vidre
jamuri
Zala,
romelic
mimarTulia
zeviT,
ar
gautloldeba mizidulobis Zalas, romelic mimarTulia qveviT. am
momentSi wylis da firfitis vardna Sewydeba.
*plastmasis
firfitis
gamoyenebisas
wyali
firfitaze
qaRaldis furclis SemTxvevaSi wyali, ubralod,
iRvreba.
qaRaldis mier
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
4
Seiwoveba. orive SemTxvevaSi igi gamodis Wiqidan, risi mizezi WiqaSi
moqceuli haeris wnevaa.
II.
wyali
WiqaSi
(Sebrunebuli
pozicia
–
gawonasworebuli
mdgomareoba)
Pzeda = Patm – ∆p
Pqveda = Patm.
F↑=patm.S
F↓=(mwy.+mfirf.)g+(patm.-∆p)S
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
5
wyali ar iRvreba, e.i. jamuri Zala=0:
F↑- F↓=0
∆pS=(mwy.+mfirf.)g
Tu firfitis masa umniSvneloa, maSin:
∆pS=mwy.g
∆pS=dVg=dShg
∆p=dhg
airis gafarToeba zeda nawilSi – izoTermuli gardaqmna:
∆p=patm*∆V/(V+∆V)=patm*∆h/(h+∆h)
aqedan gamomdinare :
dhg= patm*∆h/(h+∆h) ⇒ ∆h =h2/(patm/dg –h)
wylisaTvis (h gamoiTvleba santimetrebSi).
gawonasworebul
mdgomareobaSi
jamuri
Zala,
romelic
moqmedebs
sistemaze wyali + firfita Seadgens 0-s. aseT dros, rogorc wyali,
aseve firfita ar gadaadgildeba arc zeviT, arc qveviT. Tuki amas
gamovsaxavT
ZalTa
tolobiT
da
visargeblebT ∆p gamoTvlis mizniT,
idealuri
airis
gantolebiT
SegviZlia davadginoT, rom
wylis
svetis „Tavdayira“SenarCunebisTvis sakmarisia, rom wylis donem WiqaSi
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
6
daiwios 1 mm-iT! TiTqos gaugebaria,
magram formulebi amas gviCvenebs.
es daweva imdenad umniSvneloa, rom
adamianis Tvali amas ver amCnevs,
Tumca sakmarisad bevria imisaTvis, rom ukuRma („Tavdayira“) gaaCeros
siTxis 10 sm-iani sveti. Tuki Cven gvsurs gavigoT, Tu sadamde unda
davwioT wylis done (romlis simaRle Seadgens h–s) imisaTvis, rom
Wiqis gadabrunebisas wyali ar gadmoiRvaros Wiqidan, vsargeblobT
formuliT (sadac simaRle gamoiTvleba sm-Si):
SegaxsenebT,
rom
sidide
1000
aris
imis
Sedegi,
rom
cdaSi
gamosayenebel siTxed wyali avirCieT. sxva siTxeebisTvis gveqneboda
sxva ricxvi (naklebi – ufro meti simkvrivis mqone siTxeebisTvis).
analogiuri cda – davkidoT tvirTi gasavaldaxSuli Spricis
dguSze.
daxSuli gasavali
wylis da qaRaldis masa
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
7
alternatiuli variantebi
ar aris savaldebulo, rom Wiqa bolomde iyos siTxiT avsebuli.
gasaTvaliswinebeli momentebi
imisaTvis,
rom
Wiqidan
wylis
gadmoRvrisas
raime
Rirebuli
davasveloT, eqsperimentis Catareba umjobesia didi WurWlis Tavze.
Scientifically interesting lesson - materials for teachers ©2009 for Partners Poland
Foundation and Copernicus Science Center. All rights reserved
ar