Physical activity of women in different ages

Transkrypt

HEALTH AND WELLNESS 1/2015
WELLNESS AND HEALTH
CHAPTER VII
1
Academy of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland
Institute of Sport - Department of Sports and Recreational Games,
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Krakowie
Instytut Sportu - Zakład Gier Sportowych i Rekreacyjnych
2
Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
Department of Swimming and Water Rescue
Akademia Wychowani Fizycznego w Katowicach
Zakład Pływania i Ratownictwa Wodnego
3
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology,
Geophysics and Environment Protection,
Department of General Geology and Geotourism, Kraków, Poland
AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie
Katedra Geologii Ogólnej i Geoturystyki
4
Academy of Physical Education in Krakow, Doctoral Studies
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Krakowie, Studia Doktoranckie
HENRYK DUDA1, ALICJA STACHURA2, LUCYNA STANEK1,
PAWEŁ RÓŻYCKI3, ŁUCJA PŁATEK2, PAWEŁ KUBIENIEC4
Aktywność ruchowa kobiet w różnym wieku
Key words: free time physical activity, women
Słowa kluczowe: czas wolny, aktywność ruchowa, kobiety
INTRODUCTION
Physical activity is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. Is a factor in retaining
or lifting the functional efficiency of many systems. As a consequence, contributes to
the positive changes taking place in the area of human health, prevents many diseases,
especially musculoskeletal system, respiratory and circulatory systems. It is also a
prerequisite for shaping own physical and mental health and the development of attitudes and behavior models of health [2, 3, 9].
Wellness and health
Physical activity is therefore an important factor in shaping health, develop habits
and other health behaviors, as well as a valuable pastime [12].
Physical activity of adults is strongly associated with leisure and recreation, and
relaxation is the primary function of leisure time. Rest involves separation from everyday life full of haste and stress. Czajkowski thinks it necessary to pursue a lifestyle
that provides the body with needed after school, work relaxation, will create conditions for the renewal of strength, and at the same time interesting and exciting by
organizing various activities will ensure regulation of physical, intellectual, and social
organism [1].
Active way of spending free time strongly affects the human psyche. Allows recharge your batteries and get away from it all, relax mentally from everyday rush.
Physical activity of women in the working age is largely associated with recreation, which is grown in their spare time. Most women choose a form of physical activity that is fun for them, essential to a better figure, well-being and health. But not
less important themes making physical activity are: good physical condition, or a
sense of beauty, aesthetics, prevention of stress, and sometimes just fashion.
Women's participation in recreation is different. It has often associated with barriers blocking or even to participation in recreation. You can replace the barrier: biological geographical - spatial, demographic, economic, organizational and psychosocial.
Often as the main reason for abstinence movement Polish people indicate a lack
of time, which is an objective obstacle to participation in physical culture and to a
large extent it is hiding the real reasons for preferring a different type of activities.
Another limitation, impeding regular physical activity, it is the poor state of health,
illness or disability units, which often precludes it almost completely from the exercise
of the sport. Studies also indicate a reluctance on the part of society to engage in any
exercise [13].
Women often indicate that you should care of the house and do household duties
and not wasting time to exercise. One of the limitations of very important is a shame.
The woman even though he feels bad about your body and would like to change it,
reduce the volume of fat - ashamed to show others in sports outfit. Afraid of mockery,
ridicule. A very important issue here is self-perception. This is a complex issue, made
up for it, in fact the whole life of a woman, her experience and survival. This is undoubtedly a huge barrier to impede the practice of physical activity.
Undoubtedly, should see the changes in modern civilization and health-enhancing
behavior of women, as more and more often in spite of the existing barriers to more
women take physical activity whose primary purpose is to preserve full health by improving or maintain satisfactory physical and mental health and optimal body weight
[5].
Despite numerous research papers in the field of physical activity, the issue of
women's physical activity remains valid.
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Henryk Duda, Alicja Stachura, Lucyna Stanek, Paweł Różycki, Łucja Płatek,
Paweł Kubieniec
AIM OF STUDY AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnosis and women engaged in physical activity, fitness for women randomly surveyed. In addition, attempts to assess the
motivation of women to sporting activities and their acceptance of yourself, your
body, and held free time. Analysis of the work of women subject knowledge about
healthy lifestyles and the impact of health on a healthy mental and physical.
The work was developed the research questions:
1. What is the motivation of women for active leisure time?
2.
How women spend their free time?
3.
How do women feel about themselves, their bodies and their femininity?
4.
What knowledge have women on healthy lifestyles and the impact of health
on a good mental and physical condition?
5.
What makes it difficult for women to actively spend free time?
6.
Is physically active women spend their free time on sports with your family?
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study as a basic research method adopted diagnostic survey, using a research
tool which was the questionnaire. It was constructed by the authors. In developing the
survey takes into account the applicable standards, rules and guidelines recommended
the creation of this type of research tool for Stupnicki [22]. The questionnaire survey
was conducted in two groups of women, without first indication of their age. The first
group consisted of women participating in fitness classes at the club Women's Club
in Zabrze, the second group were women and randomly selected among women randomly selected among pre-school teachers and employees of boutiques in shopping
Tesco Centre in Gliwice. Respondents were divided into two groups B1 and B2.
Group B1 random questions in different environments, without discernment their
physical activity preferences and possible participation in any fitness classes. B2
group were women regularly practicing fitness. The questionnaire was conducted
among 30 women attending the club Women's Club in Zabrze and among 30 women
randomly selected, including nursery staff, student, shop assistants. The interviewees
were different age, education, social status and wealth, different weight and body
height. Some of the ladies already had a family, children, and some live alone or in
free association with children or without children.
Studies assessing physical activity, the approach to a healthy lifestyle, motivation,
women have been performed with the author's survey. The survey consists of 24 questions, including 21 closed and 3 open.
Questions centered around areas:
 free time and how it is used,
 preferred physical activity,
 physical activity in the context of the family,
 health and addictions,
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 relationship with thier body.
The questions included in the description of the age and profession allows to characterize preferences and trends among women in different age groups and social
groups. Information on the growth and body weight will calculate your BMI or body
mass index talking about whether respondent has: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese I, II or III level.
The collected data obtained during the survey are organized thematically, segregated and subjected to statistical analysis and descriptive. The elaboration of the research material was to determine the frequency of responses to the question expressed
by means of numerical values and rates. Calculations were performed using Microsoft
Office Excel 2007, and the results are presented in tables and graphs illustrate.
TEST RESULTS
Analysis of the material showed that participated in the study women of all ages
(Table 1) In group B1 was the most young people aged 18 - 24 (33%) of the women,
and in the group B2 - 30%. In the group B2, 37% were women aged 25 - 30 years.
These women have probably already have their own families are professionally arranged, completed the process of education and have the time and the need to apply
for their body. They are aware that their physicality over time, and that will change
the need to take care of themselves as long as possible to enjoy the beautiful figure
and health.
From the results (table 1), they ran out of the ladies in the group fitness participants
between the ages of 50 and 60 years old. This is probably too small women's awareness of the impact of traffic on health and psychological barriers that prevent women
50 r. With "young" to make physical activity. Unfortunately, in our society, there is
still such an opinion.
Table 1. Age of the surveyed women
Women
18 to 24 years 25 to 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 to 50 years 51 to 60 years
surveyed
9 people
11 people
7 people
3 people
absence
regularly practicing fitness– B2
30%
37%
23%
10%
0%
7 people
3 people
6 people
4 people
randomly selec- 10 people
ted – B1
33%
23%
10%
20%
13%
Analysis of education (Table 1) indicates that the group B1 higher education had
27%, and 33% were women with secondary education. Women regularly practicing
fitness in the majority have a university degree (53%), and the other - the average
(30%). In the group B2, some women with basic education and secondary school.
Analysis of the data shows that the level of education influences the activity undertaken awareness on health. Group B2 are people educated a greater extent. They need
physical activity and knowledge of the importance of movement for proper development and functioning of the body. It can be concluded that the ladies of the group B2
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Paweł Kubieniec
having higher education with a solid and well-paying job allowing can afford the classes in a fitness club.
Table 2. Education of women surveyed
Lower seHigher not LicenVocational Secondary
Higher
con-dary
completed
tiate
absence 9 people
4 people 1 people 16people
regularly practi- absence absence
cing fitness – B2
0%
0%
0%
30%
13%
3%
53%
randomly selected absence absence 6 people 10 people 4 people 2 people 8 people
– B1
0%
0%
20%
33%
13%
7%
27%
Women surveyed Primary
The women of the group B2 characterized by a lower weight and higher growth in
relation to the group B1 (table 2), which translated into a BMI (normal weight). This
is equivalent to the fact that regular exercise affect the improvement of body weight
and slimmer figure.
Table 3. Descriptive statistics of the test group of women
Women
surveyed
Body height
Weight
BMI
Medium
Medium
BMI
(cm)
(kg)
height
weight
medium
min max
min max
min max
regularly practi- 156
cing fitness – B2
randomly selec- 152
ted – B1
178
166,4
49
85
61,3
16,5 29,6
22,2
175
163,1
47
95
64,7
18 36,6
24,4
The analysis showed that most women are gaining an average benefice (tab.4). In
the group of women regularly practicing fitness 50% of women have to keep themselves and their families average earning, while the comparison group average income
indicated as many as 53% of women. In both groups, no woman is not considered
wealthy.
Table 4. Status of women surveyed fortune
Women
Wealthy
surveyed
regularly practi- absence
cing fitness – B2
0%
brak
randomly selected
– B1
0%
Prospering Average
well
earning
12 people 15 people
40%
50%
8 people 16 people
27%
53%
Low
Hard
earning
to say
1 person 2 people
3%
7%
4 people 2 people
13%
7%
Studies have shown (table 5), that the group B2 was most unmarried women were
moving but it is not the number of people in the household. Most respondents in this
group, as many as 37% of the lives and runs the household with dependents 3 people.
In the second group - B1, where there were more married women as much as 30%
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Wellness and health
were women living in four person household. In this group of women were also leading farm for 5 people (17%).
Table 5. Marital status of women surveyed
Women surveyed
Single
Married Widow Lives alone Open relationship
1 people
regularly practicing 17 people 11 people absence 1 people
fitness – B2
57%
37%
0%
3%
3%
1 person
randomly selected – 10 people 18 people 1 person absence
B1
33%
60%
3%
0%
3%
Regularly practicing fitness is single women, unmarried (57%), in a group of random single women accounted for 33% of all respondents. In the group of married
women prevailed B1 and B2 group were 37% of married women (table 5).
Table 6. Number of people in household
Women
1 osoba
2 osoby
3 osoby
4 osoby
5 i więcej
surveyed
w gospodarstwie w gospodarstwie w gospodarstwie w gospodarstwie
osób
Regularly
2 osoby
6 osób
11 osób
11 osób
brak
practicing
7%
20%
37%
37%
0%
fitness – B2
absence
8 osób
8 osób
9 osób
5 osób
randomly
selected – B1
0%
27%
27%
30%
17%
Analysis of the research material shows (table 6), that women were randomly selected in 26% have from 4 to 7 free days a week, 23% have free time for 3 - 4 days a
week. The other ladies from the research group B1 do not have free time at all, they
have it a lot or work in another system work.
Women who have a regular fitness are in 33% of 4 - 7 free days a week, while
27% of respondents have a lot of free time because they do not work. Less numerous
group consisted of women not having time off or having 3 - 4 free afternoons a week.
In either case, it is 17% of patients. The smallest group consisted of women working
in another system (7%).
Comparing the free time, women from the research group B1 and B2 can be seen
that women practicing fitness have the free time much more. In the vast majority do
not work and thus have more time off work, and if it have 4-7 days off until the afternoon compared with women randomly selected that have free time are not so much
due to the nature of their work.
Women regularly practice physical activity have more free time than women randomly selected. Probably why attend regularly on fitness, because their style of working and living them makes this possible. Group B1 there is so much free afternoons,
often working rotational actively preventing the use of leisure time. No change in both
the women's fitness and randomly selected is a response to the free time, "not at all".
In one and in the second group of 30 people found after 5 or 17% of women surveyed
who have no free time at all. However, even with no free time at all women in the
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study group B2 find time for physical activity at the club. This is apparently inscribed
in their schedule is fixed and is not treated as a separate use of leisure time.
Table 7. leisure time dimension of the women surveyed
I work,
I have a lot
I have a free
I sometimes of free time,
at all
afternoon
Others
available
I am not
(4-7 week)
(3-4 week)
working
5 people
8 people 2 people
regularly practi- 5 people 10 people
cing fitness – B2
17%
33%
17%
26%
7%
7 people
5 people 5 people
randomly selected 5 people 8 people
– B1
17%
26%
23%
17%
17%
Women
surveyed
From the research group B1 largest number of respondents replied that definitely
needs more time off (33%). Research has also shown (tab.7), the most popular answer
was that women do not need more free time and are satisfied with the amount we have
(28%). Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the vast majority of B2 needs more
free time (37%). In the group B2 up to 23% of the respondents said that they do not
need more time, because there know what would have to do with it.
When analyzing the demand for free time (tab. 8), it can be concluded that both
women practicing fitness and women randomly selected need more free time. Each
group is likely to another activity, however, almost unanimously state that the free
time they have too little.
Table 8. Demand for free time women surveyed
Nie jestem
zadowolona
Maybe yes,
Women surveyed Definitely yes Rather yes
ze swojego
Others
maybe no
czasu
wolnego
11 people
8 people
1 person
7 people
1 person
regularly practicing fitness – B2
37%
27%
3%
23%
3%
4 people
5 people
2 people
0 people
randomly selected 10 people
– B1
33 %
13 %
17 %
7%
0%
Women were randomly selected take more closely passive activity, where the predominant: meetings with friends (47%), reading books, watching television (40%),
spending time with family (23%). Women spend actively practicing fitness free time,
usually practicing fitness (77%).
Table 8 shows that a small number of women from the research group B1 comes
to fitness classes (5%). Women with less B2 group as opposed to group B1 passively
spend free time: watching television (13%), reading books (17%). They do not have
time for this. The priority is for them to physical activity.
Women like to make practicing fitness and physical activity as well spend their
free time, less than women randomly selected, spend their free time for family and
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Wellness and health
friends and for themselves (hairdresser, beautician). In group B1, each of the respondents find the time that is spent on pleasure, despite work, the sheer volume of duties
(tab.9). It can be assumed that the women surveyed are aware of and need to take care
of themselves and organize time in order to take care of their own health and relaxation.
Table 9. Forms spending free time of surveyed women
Surveyed women
regularly practicing
randomly chosen - B1
fitness - B2
reading books
17%
40 %
Watching TV
13%
40 %
Shopping
17%
7%
Going to a beautician
13%
%
Meetings with family / friends
23%
47%
The time spent actively
17%
7%
Time with family
17%
23%
Activities at the fitness club
77%
10%
Without free time
17%
0%
Others
3%
10%
* sum of answers does not equal 100% because respondents gave more than one answer
Forms spending free time
Walking (tab.10) as a form of time spent actively chosen 50% of respondents from
B1. This shows that these women like to take a moderate activity. Next to walking as
a form of housework time spent actively chosen 40% of respondents. This is an effort
by the majority of women treated as a large, undertaken regularly once a week. Group
B2 as the most popular form of spending free time chose 100% fitness. Women practicing fitness take some other activity ie. playing team (50%), running (40%), bicycle
(43%) or mountain trips (43%).
Comparing women with active research groups B1 and B2 can be inferred that
they choose the activity assigned to their lifestyle. Women were randomly selected
less moderate, rather quiet and not exercise and fitness women, who are used to regular exercise elect more besides sports fitness exercise that is. cycling, jogging.
Group B2 take more active than the B1 group. Regular exercise classes in the fitness club stimulate need for activity outside the classes.
Table 10. Forms of Activity of the women surveyed
Free time activities
Fitness
Swimming
Running
Walking
Work in the garden
Cycling
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Surveyed women
fitness - B2
100%
23%
13%
20%
40%
20%
27%
50%
37%
20%
43%
30%
Paweł Kubieniec
Surveyed women
fitness - B2
Nordic walking
40%
10%
Mountain trips
43%
13%
Extreme sports
40%
0%
Dance
33%
10%
Gym
20%
3%
Team sports
50%
3%
Homeworks
27%
40%
Others
13%
10%
*sum of answers does not equal 100% because respondents gave more than one answer
Free time activities
The main reason for physical activity among women randomly selected is to take
care of their health (33%). Another reason is often chosen mental relaxation (30%)
and the enjoyment of active forms (30%). Women regularly attending fitness classes
take the activity to maintain health (73%), mental relaxation (73%), and care for their
own health (70%). For further site include the motivations and reasons as opportunities to meet new people (7%) or meeting with friends (3%). An important motivation
for both women and some others is a decrease in body weight (-53% B2, B1 -20%).
Analyzing the results can be seen (tab.11) that for women in the group B2 at some
point to maintain the physical condition that has had time to develop the classes is
more important than taking care of the pleasure we derive from classes. Women already attending classes treat physical activity as a break away from the stress of everyday life, to relax during exercise. Completely different women randomly chosen
walking fitness classes occasionally. For them, the main and most important motivation is to take care of their own health and physique. This is a good motivation to start
with, encouraging participation in class, especially when you see the first results.
Table 11. The main reasons for physical activity by women
Surveyed women
Reasons for physical activity regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Caring for health
70%
33%
Recommendation of a doctor
0%
13%
Maintaining health
73%
20%
Meeting friends
3%
13%
Making new friends
7%
0%
Mental relaxation
73%
30%
Pleasure
40%
30%
Care for the appearance of
40%
13%
Weight loss
53%
20%
Analysis of the data associated with diseases and diseases of women surveyed
(tab.12), showed that in the group B2 biggest problem is obesity (13%), followed by
other diseases.
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Wellness and health
Randomly chosen women suffer from cardiovascular disease (13%) and respiratory (10%).
Group B1 B2 compared to suffer from cardiac or respiratory disease which can
not be observed regularly exercising women. Here we see a clear effect of physical
activity on health.
Table 12. Diseases of the women surveyed
Surveyed women
The most common disease regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Diabetes
absence
absence
Cardiovascular disease
7%
13%
Varicose veins of the legs
3%
10%
Respiratory diseases
brak
10%
Overweight
13%
10%
Underweight
3%
absence
Depression
absence
absence
Others
30%
33%
Tested show a desire to change their appearance (tab.13). In group B1 change
concerns mainly: the abdomen (37%), legs (27%) and thighs (30%). A large number
of women do not want to change because it feels good in your body (27%). Women
regularly practicing Centre would like first of all to change their weight (33%). Most
of them feel good in your body and do not want to change (37%). They are aware that
their bodies are carved during exercise in the fitness club.
Table 13. Desires change the appearance of the women surveyed
Surveyed women
Elements of changes in own body regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Nothing, I like my body as it is
37%
27%
Body weight
33%
20%
Figura
20%
23%
Buttocks
7%
10%
Breasts
7%
10%
Thigh
13%
30%
Belly
10%
37%
Arms
10%
7%
Hair
13%
10%
Skin
10%
7%
Legs
7%
27%
Cellulite
13%
13%
Stretch marks
0%
13%
* sum of answers does not equal 100% because respondents gave more than one answer
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Awareness of the impact of physical activity on health (tab.14) in the surveyed
women is high. Women exercising regularly to improve their health experience during
the course of 100%. Women were randomly questioned also in the vast majority are
aware of the impact of the health (85%). Data analysis (tab.14) for being surveyed
after physical activity (tab.14) is varied. In group B1 answers are less diverse than in
B2 (women exercising regularly). It is mainly a change of attitude (63%). Women B2
give strong priority to the fact that the classes feel happier (57%). Replies women with
B2 are varied: women after class likes his body (23%), better well-being (20%), selfsatisfaction (33%). Physical activity has a positive effect on their physical condition.
Women regularly practicing fitness are happier every day, it is easier for them to
take the rigors of everyday life, they feel better in your body. They are more aware of
the changes that occur in them and in their environment after active day time.
Table 14. Well-Being after a long time the women surveyed
Surveyed women
regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Joyful mood, positive attitude
57%
63%
Not relevant
0%
3%
Is no difference
0%
13%
It is easier to cope with the duties
20%
17%
It is easier to look at your body
30%
7%
I feel good in my body
23%
7%
I am satisfied with myself
33%
13%
Mood after physical activity
Women were randomly selected to evaluate their own performance at a good
(43%) and medium (47%). Woman practicing fitness regularly assess their performance in the majority of the good (83%). A small amount of the B1 group (3%) believe that their physical fitness is at a very good level. So do not dare to say even
women regularly practicing the classes at the club (tab.15).
Table 15. Self-assessment of their own physical fitness of the women surveyed
Surveyed women
Level of efficiency regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Very good
0%
3%
Good
83%
43%
Medium
17%
47%
Bad
0%
7%
Very bad
0%
0%
Analysis of the data showed that women with group B2 likely to engage their families in an actively spent free time (tab.16). Among the respondents is as much as 73%.
They leave for cycling, mountain, wives encourage their husbands to common walks
and runs. Mothers organize children outdoor fun or competition. Women with group
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Wellness and health
B2 (50%) are trying to organize efficiently time their family, and the rest (50%) did
not engage in the time spent together with your family in a proactive manner.
Analyzing the results of this question can be stated that women regularly attending
fitness classes have experienced the joy of actively spent time and want to give joy to
your family. They want to share this with her, and therefore largely actively organize
free time for the whole family. It's a positive benefit from practicing their physical
activity.
Table 16. Engaging in a common active family leisure time activities of the
women surveyed
Surveyed women
Physical activity with family regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Yes
73%
50%
No
27%
50%
The women of the group B1 and B2 in terms of the existence of barriers to making
physical activity are consistent (tab.17). These barriers exist. In the majority of women
confirmed as group B1 and B2, where as many as 60% of women attending classes
regularly Centre believes that the barriers to physical activity exist. Among women
randomly selected 57% were in favor of their existence, and 33% for their absence.
Table 17. Assessment of the existence of barriers to practicing physical activity
Surveyed women
Level of efficiency regularly practicing randomly chosen
fitness - B2
- B1
Yes
60%
57%
No
30%
33%
I do not know
10%
10%
Barriers to making activities (tab.18) in the group B1 is mainly domestic duties
(27%), lack of finance (27%), lack of free time (23%). Women regularly practicing
fitness, although regularly attend classes experiencing barriers to making physical activity such as: lack of free time (33%) and poor motivation (27%).
Whether women regularly practice physical activity or not an obstacle exists in
each of the groups of respondents. In group B1 biggest obstacle is finance. The group
B2, this problem is smaller. It can be concluded that if the regularly attend fitness
classes, the problem of money on exercise is not in their situation significantly.
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Paweł Kubieniec
Table 18. Barriers to physical activity to prevent the women surveyed
Surveyed women
fitness - B2
- B1
Lack of finance
13%
27%
Lack of free time
33%
23%
Lack of family support
3%
3%
Laziness
10%
17%
Domestic duties, professional
23%
27%
Lack of equipment, infrastructure
3%
0%
Poor motivation
27%
10%
Others
3%
13%
Barriers to physical activity
An assessment of the physical education in the past indicates that among women
randomly selected 60% liked physical education classes, and 40% did not like the
classes at school (tab.19). B2 group studied mostly at school already liked physical
education (83%).
Women who liked at school physical education classes now also feel the need to
exercise and enjoy outdoor activities, like most women regularly undertake physical
activity in fitness clubs. Women who are already at school shun sports and adult life
will not be as often undertake physical activity.
Table 19. Attitude to physical education classes at school women surveyed
Surveyed women
Attitude to physical
education
fitness - B2
- B1
Positive
83%
60%
Negative
17%
40%
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of diagnostic material on the physical activity of women of all ages
showed that the overall welfare of the body, which consists of: physical fitness, appearance, mood, active recreation, mental condition - is mostly involving women regularly practicing fitness. Majority of respondents in the group B2 (83%) identified the
physical well-being (good physical activity) as good, which means that women are
aware of the impact of physical activity on their fitness, strength and body shape. Lord
indicated that taking care of fitness, figure, fitness are the main reasons for regular
physical activity, and further forefront is taking care of your body weight. In this area
are also shown two main reasons for engaging in activities of women randomly selected (B1). Usually it is the desire to reduce their weight and change shape. Motivation is changing along with the achieved results of exercise. First, it is the care of your
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body and physical appearance, then it becomes more important to the efficiency,
strength and physical condition of women practicing.
Women's participation motives are often very similar, focused on taking care of
your own body and health, weight loss. Wasilewicz studies and others [24] The most
common cause given by respondents physical activity is the desire to improve the
health of 61%, the desire to get a better look 41% and counteract the effects of aging
to 39%.
Research conducted by Kozdroń [11] show as the most important reason for participation in physical activities considered improve their health (79%). Also on the
first health themes presented in his works many researchers [4,5,6,7, 20].
The study shows that respondents from group B1 and B2 as the main reasons for
engaging in activities they consider taking care of their own health (B2 - 70%, B1 33%), maintaining physical condition (B2 - 73%, B1 - 20%), relaxation mental (B2 73%, B1 - 30%). In the study group, there was the answer to take care of a healthy
lifestyle. Apparently this is too obvious to respondents or fail to respect their activity
as a whole way of life. It is possible that they consider participation in fitness classes
as just the beginning of the road to a healthy lifestyle.
The respondents have a strong awareness of how important health is movement.
In making physical activity to relax, cut off from the multitude of duties related to the
conduct of the home, work, family. They know that sport silhouette shapes and can
alleviate its imperfections.
Pańczyk notes that health motives for physical activity gradually begin to lose its
importance to the care of the appearance and aesthetics of the body [17].
Physical activity positively correlated with mental wellbeing affects significantly
increase the level of satisfaction with life [4,18]. It is further important element of a
healthy lifestyle, allowing for the preservation and regeneration of physical forces to
achieve welfare state, which is promising for achieving health goals [8].
Studies have shown that women with higher education tend to prefer physical activity (53%). Similar results were obtained in their study Graczykowska and Sojka –
Krawiec, most of the respondents had a higher education (57.5%). This shows that
these women have a greater awareness of health [8].
Regular physical activity of women confined two major obstacles: lack of time
and money. It can be assumed that those attending fitness classes are probably people
busy professional life, Featuring a small amount of free time, but still having awareness of the importance of maintaining good physical condition and health. In the group
of financial barriers B1 is 27% of the respondents, 23% of the time, while the financial
B2 is 13%, 33% of the time.
Other studies have shown that the lack of money for classes is a big problem
(31.7%), and not a small lack of time [9.24]. Wasilewicz and others have shown that
women feel the need (60%) of practicing physical activity at least twice a week - 44%
[25]. Analyzing the results of the research shows that women like and want to make
physical activity a healthy life are often the same plot, unfortunately, fast lifestyle,
accumulation of responsibilities and too little income to them is impossible. The good
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Paweł Kubieniec
news is that awareness in the society is getting higher and the availability of infrastructure for regular workouts is getting richer.
Despite the barriers and limitations of participation in physical culture, it seems
that the level of physical activity of women will gradually increase, and sport and
recreation have grown in popularity. However, it is crucial to promote a healthy lifestyle, the implementation of measures tending to her making, addressed to all, regardless of age, sex, physical condition, place of residence or social status, and not just for
the young, efficient and athletic people. There is a need for development of proper
eating and healthy behaviors, including regular physical activity among children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Emphasising the beneficial effects of regular exercise
on the health of the individual should be taken into account already in physical education classes in schools, which are the most widely available source of promoting
physical activity among children and adolescents [25].
CONCLUSIONS
The largest group participating in fitness classes were women aged 25 - 30 years
(37%).
1. Physically active women have higher education (53%).
2. The main motive of physical activity of women in the group B2 was taking care
of their condition (73%) and a healthy lifestyle (70%).
3. The biggest limitation of participation in the classes is the lack of mobilization of
women at B2 and the lack of financial literacy among women in the group B1.
4. Women with group B2 spend their free time actively tested with a group of B1 passively.
5. Most often taken, in addition to organized forms of motion were: walking, running, cycling or gardening.
6. Women B2 group willing to take physical activity in leisure time with his family.
7. Attitude to physical education at school is reflected in the physical activity undertaken in adulthood.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnosis and women engaged in physical activity, fitness for women randomly surveyed. The basic research method was a
diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. The study included women regularly practicing fitness club and women randomly selected from the area of Zabrze. The study
included 60 women aged 18-60 years. Results of the study revealed that women were
randomly selected for the most time spent passively. Most often taken, in addition to
organized forms of motion were: walking, running, cycling or gardening. The study
also showed that the attitude toward physical education at school is reflected in the
physical activity undertaken in adulthood.
STRESZCZENIE
Celem pracy była diagnoza oraz porównanie aktywności fizycznej kobiet uprawiających fitness w odniesieniu do kobiet przypadkowo ankietowanych. Podstawową
metodą badawczą był sondaż diagnostyczny z zastosowaniem narzędzia badawczego
jakim był kwestionariusz ankiety. Badaniami objęto kobiety regularnie uprawiające
fitness w klubie oraz kobiety losowo wybrane z terenu Zabrza. W badaniu uczestniczyło 60 kobiet w wieku 18-60 lat. Wyniki badań pozwoliły stwierdzić, że kobiety
losowo wybrane w większości spędzały czas biernie. Najczęściej podejmowanymi,
poza zorganizowanymi formami ruchu były: spacery, biegi, wycieczki rowerowe lub
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Wellness and health
prace w ogrodzie. Badania wykazały także, iż stosunek do zajęć wychowania fizycznego w czasach szkolnych ma swoje odzwierciedlenie w podejmowanej aktywności
ruchowej w dorosłym życiu.
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Physical activity of women in different ages

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