creating a map of the industrial influence using gis tworzenie mapy

Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
CREATING A MAP OF THE INDUSTRIAL INFLUENCE
USING GIS
TWORZENIE MAPY ODDZIAŁYWAŃ PRZEMYSŁOWYCH
W OPARCIU O GIS
1
Anna Michalska1, Krzysztof Michalski2
Central Mining Institute, Department of Environment Engineering, Poland
Silesian Institute of Technology Faculty of Organization and Management, Poland
2
Keywords: map of the industrial influence, sustainable development, industrial
wastes, data warehouse, ecological consciousness
Słowa kluczowe: mapa oddziaływań przemysłowych, rozwój zrównoważony, odpady
przemysłowe, hurtownia danych, świadomość ekologiczna
Introduction
Environmental pollution is the one of the most significant problems in the
contemporary world. The greater part of pollution is generated by industrial activity.
The lack of care and control concerning the production of wastes and utility wastes has
resulted in improper management of dumping sites and improper management of mine
tips, ash tips, industrial waste tips and slag heaps in the past. These wastes have a highimpact on environmental conditions today. In turn, environmental contamination has
direct a effect on the living standard of humans and animals. Medical scientific
research increasingly appears to show that serious diseases are caused by some
chemical substances. These substances mostly stem from industrial wastes which are
still discharged into the environment. It is necessary to have an accurate knowledge
about the location and strength of influence of industrial sites tip in order to prevent
excessive discharge of toxic substances in some areas. This knowledge is also
necessary for making decisions which are connected with human activity, for example
about settlement, suitability of the ground to cultivation, recreation, etc. Collecting
these data together in a GIS will permit the production of pollution maps and the
inclusion of the information in analysis to support decision making.
Description of the current situation
A Silesian laboratory has been conducting research into the mercury content in
different kinds of products for two years. Determinations of mercury are part of
physico–chemical measurements which are used to estimate how to manage materials
in the future, byrecycling, storage or removal. The tested products have been produced
by various industrial activities and are categorized by material type:
- fuels: hard coal, brown coal, alternative fuel;
157
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
- grounds/soils: arable land, industrial areas, reclaimed land;
- wastes/fertilizers: raw sewage sludge, treated sewage sludge,
- wastes/building materials: cement, aggregate, fly-ash, slag, compounds of fly-ash
and slag, filling sand.
Example mercury content for 2007-2008 for each category is shown in tables 1-4.
Table 1. Example contents of mercury for fuels
FUELS
Kind
hard coal
brown coal
alternative
fuels
Place of sampling
Katowice 1
Katowice 2
Łaziska
Jastrzębie
Bieruń
Żory
Rybnik
Bogatynia
Bełchatów
Chorzów
Rydułtowice
Siemianowice Śl.
Gliwice
Dąbrowa
2006
2007
Merkury contents [ppm (mg/kg)]
0,13
0,12
0,09
0,08
0,16
0,16
0,13
0,17
0,12
0,13
0,16
0,13
0,15
0,15
0,29
0,30
0,30
0,28
0,18
0,14
0,02
0,01
0,03
0,02
< 0,01
0,02
0,02
0,05
Table 2. Example contents of mercury for ground/soil
Kind
arable land
industrial areas
land reclamation
158
GROUND/SOIL
2006
2007
Place of sampling
Merkury contents [ppm (mg/kg)]
Jastrzębie Zdrój
0,60
0,60
Wadowice
0,06
0,04
Gdańsk
0,70
1,14
Wieluń
0,08
Bolesław
0,02
0,02
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
Table 3. Example contents of mercury for wastes/fertilizers
WASTES/FERTILIZENS
Kind
sewage sludge
- municipal
sewage sludge
- municipal
after treatment
Place of sampling
Koniecpol
Katowice 1
Ożarowice
Osjaków
Katowice 2
Kęty
Koniecpol
Wieluń
2006
2007
Merkury contents [ppm (mg/kg)]
1,20
1,26
0,60
0,67
0,72
0,74
0,68
0,85
1,34
0,38
0,32
0,18
0,07
0,09
Table 4. Example contents of mercury for wastes /building materials
WASTES /BUILDING MATERIALS
Kind
cement/plaster
aggregate
fly-ash
slag
Place of sampling
Opole
Kozienice
Katowice
Jaworzno
Brzeszcze
Katowice
Gliwice
Opole
Będzin
Warszawa
Bytom
2006
2007
Merkury contents [ppm (mg/kg)]
0,10
0,11
0,65
0,46
0,04
0,07
0,02
0,24
0,03
0,37
0,59
0,24
0,30
0,45
0,18
0,02
< 0,01
0,01
0,02
< 0,01
compound of flyChorzów
ash and slag
Łaziska
compound of fly- Chorzów
ash and slag
Warszawa
0,01
0,03
0,02
0,08
0,02
0,46
0,10
Issue identification
Research into the influence of wastes on the environment are underway in many
places in Poland. They are concerned with the:
- contents of inorganic matter, such as heavy metals;
- contents of organic matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH);
- bacteriological contamination.
159
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
The proecological approach termed 'Sustainable Development' identifies the need of
developing the social ecological consciousness of senior officials who decide on
environmental management. It is also necessary to develop social ecological
consciousness of society in general and to engage the general public into making
decisions about environmental management.
Hitherto, the practices do not favour free propagation of collected data. This data is
often restricted to employers/procurers of research. However, whilst many enterprises
have to provide public environmental reports, these reports do not show the full
influence of industrial practices on human health.
The way of solutions
Free data flow, supported by GIS, will make possible to create precision maps of
industrial influence at a national scale. Every laboratory should collect data in its own
data warehouse. Data from laboratories which are connected by GIS could be
automatically exported to the national Data Warehouse. There are would still be
complementary and updated occasional multi-layer maps of influences. These maps
would be distributed in a different way, for example:
- online maps of kind and amount of pollution for some areas;
- geographical distribution of pattern influence of some chosen groups of pollutants
(e.g. fuels or sewage sludge);
- geographical distribution of pollutant elements (e.g. mercury, PAH);
- depicting change in intensity over some time-interval.
Fig. 1. Browsing of kind and amount of pollution factor on some areas
(e.g. mercury in Katowice)
160
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
Depicting changes of contamination in some time-interval (e.g. contents of mercury
for hard coal).
Fig. 2a. Contents of mercury in hard coal (Upper Silesia, 2006)
Fig. 2b. Contents of mercury in hard coal (Upper Silesia, 2007)
161
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
Use of a GIS based on a data warehouse would facilitate the production of maps of
influence. The main additional requirements of such a system are:
- support for browsing deeply and across the huge amount of back information,
- an efficient system of completing data,
- facilities for sorting data,
- determination of measurement accuracy,
- responding to users' questions.
The system should have open structure, so that it would be simple to include
additional laboratories and to extend the range of data retrieval. Social access to
information through browsing maps of influence would be universal through use of a
web site. However, the main users of the system would be those senior officials who
decide in environmental management in the voivodship and in the country.
Summary
The use of GIS to create maps showing the influence of industry on the
environment would be very valuable in developing a social ecological consciousness.
This would enable increased social engagement of society in environmental protection,
a key component of Sustainable Development. The GIS would become the main
source of information concerning the current state of environmental pollution and be
very important tool supporting environmental policy.
References
Bojarski R., Systemy informatyczne w zarządzaniu środowiskiem, Zeszyty Naukowe
Politechniki Śląskiej z. 20 cz. II, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2004
Cichy D., Edukacja ekologiczna społeczności lokalnych, Problemy Ekologii, vol. 10,
nr 2, 2006
Dobies A., Procedury dotyczące postępowania w zakresie oceny oddziaływania na
środowisko, Eko-Problemy nr 3, 2005
Gorawski M., Data Warehouse: Systemy wspomagania podejmowania decyzji,
Software nr 5, 1999
Michalska A., Michalski K., Implementation of GIS for improvement of mass
production products Life Cycle Assessment management including sustanaible
development aspects, rozdział w pracy zbiorowej “Geographical Information
Systems in Rasearch & Practice” pod redakcją D. Kereković’a, Nacjonalna
knjiźnica, Zagrzeb, Chorwacja 2004
Rojek-Mikołajczak I., Metody eksploracji danych w inteligentnej bazie danych
wspomagającej projektowanie procesów technologicznych, Pro Dialog 1,
Wydawnictwo Nakom, Poznań 2005
162
Michalska A., Michalski K. (2008).
Creating a map of the industrial influence using GIS.
In: M. Gajos, M. Styblińska (ed.). Geoinformation Challenges.
University of Silesia, Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec, 157-163.
Abstract
The Laboratory of Solid Wastes Analyses has collected research data specifying
mercury content in products for two years. These products are the result of various
industrial activities. Determination of mercury content is a vital component of physical
and chemical tests which are used to estimate how useful these materials will be for
reuse. These kind of estimates are carried out in many places in Poland. Current
practice does not permit free propagation of the collected data. Information is delivered
by enterprises which are obligated to report on their influence on the environment to
Environmental Inspectorates but does not create a complete picture of the influence of
industrial practice on human health. Free data flow supported by GIS will make it
possible to create a precise map of industrial influence for the whole country.
Streszczenie
W jednym z laboratoriów na terenie Śląska od dwóch lat prowadzony jest zapis
wyników badań określających zawartość rtęci w produktach, uzyskiwanych z różnego
rodzaju działalności przemysłowej człowieka. Analizy te stanowią część badań fizykochemicznych, które służą do oceny przydatności produktów do dalszego ich
zastosowania. Tego typu oceny przeprowadza się w wielu placówkach na terenie kraju.
Dotychczasowe praktyki nie sprzyjają swobodnemu upublicznianiu zebranych danych,
które często służą jedynie celom komercyjnym zleceniodawcom analiz. Natomiast
dane dostarczane do komórek inspekcji zarządzania gospodarką środowiskową, przez
podmioty zobligowane do raportowania o oddziaływaniu na środowisko, nie tworzą
pełnego obrazu wpływu działalności na zdrowie człowieka. Swobodny przepływ
informacji wsparty GIS umożliwi zbudowanie precyzyjnej mapy wpływu oddziaływań
przemysłowych w skali kraju.
Anna Michalska
[email protected]
Krzysztof Michalski
[email protected]
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