Henryk Bałuch: Synthetic Methods for the Evaluationof the Railway

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Henryk Bałuch: Synthetic Methods for the Evaluationof the Railway Track (Syntetyczne
metody oceny nawierzchni kolejowej)
In recent years the quality assessment of railway track have become an important tool
in reducing live-cycle costs. Various methodologies for evaluating Total Quality Index (TQI)
are used. Among many procedures for the calculation TQI a methods based on standard
deviations of track irregularities are the most widely used ones. The paper presents 4 synthetic
methods of estimates of railway track and their purposes. Simplest method relies on estimate
of synthetic index of track quality based on standard deviations of vertical irregularities,
horizontal irregularities, twist and gauge. In the second method traffic load as major
parameter influencing track geometry condition is added. Next method includes, between
other, estimate of rail durability and age of sleepers. Fourth method relies on research
of outreaching of track tolerances. Three first methods concern for 1 km of track, the fourth
one – for 1 hectometre.
Keywords: track quality, quality indicator, track classification
Tadeusz Basiewicz, Andrzej Gołaszewski, Jacek Kukulski, Kazimierz Towpik: Strain of
Railway Permanent Way with Composite Ballast (Odkształcenia nawierzchni kolejowej
z kompozytem tłuczniowym)
The need for cutting down maintenance costs of permanent ways includes searching
solutions allowing extending the periods between repairs. The paper are presents the results
of tests of permanent way with ballast reinforced with geogrid and stabilized with resin.
It also presents a technology of laying different types of new track on sub-section of the CMK
together with the results of the evaluation of track condition on test section.
Keywords: railway track, crushed stone composite, geogrid, chemical stabilized
Andrzej Białoń, Mieczysław Laskowski, Andrzej Kazimierczak: Surge Protection Rail
Electronic Devices (Ochrona przeciwprzepięciowa kolejowych urządzeń elektronicznych)
The paper outlines the basic rules for the implementation of lightning protection and
surge catenary, traffic control devices installed directly in the path (e.g. Equipment declaring
unoccupied track) and installed in signalling devices and containers. These policies are
consistent with applicable standards and supported by previous experience of the authors.
Keywords: surge protection, catenary, rail traffic control
T.I. Kirilyuk: Improving the Control Method of Energy Losses in Contact Line
Purpose. Today energy losses in contact line are determined by calculation, but this
method gives approximate values. It is proved that it is more effective control of the energy
losses in contact line using indirect methods, but existing methods give the error of 7,5%. It is
necessary to improve the control method of energy losses in contact line by taking into
account additional factors.
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Methods. The method of integral and matrix calculus used to develop a mathematical
model for determining energy losses coefficient. Theory of experiment planning used for
development a regression.
The Results. Regression equations of the second order for determining energy losses
coefficient for areas of direct and alternating currents were received on the basis of full
factorial experiment. Character of energy losses coefficient was defined, the limits of its
changes were set and recommendations of its regulations were provided on the basis of the
Monte Carlo method. An experimental confirmation of the results was done. It showed that
the proposed improved method reduces error in the determination of energy losses.
Scientific novelty. For the first time, an analytical expression for estimating energy
losses coefficient, which takes into account the number of trains on the zone between traction
substations was found. This allows determining energy losses in contact line more accurately.
First established the law of the statistical distribution of the energy losses coefficient, which
makes it possible to evaluate its limits and advice on regulations change it.
Practical significance. The method of determination of the loss factor, which takes
into account additional factors was found. This makes it possible to reduce the taking into
account error of loss of 2,1% as compared with the existing indirect method.
Keywords: overhead contact system, power supply system, electrical energy loses,
mathematical model
Władysław Koc, Cezary Specht: Application of the Mobile Satellite Measurements in
the Design and the Exploitation of Railway Lines (Zastosowanie mobilnych pomiarów
satelitarnych w projektowaniu i eksploatacji dróg szynowych)
The article presents a summary of several years research of mobile satellite
measurements in designing and exploitation of railway lines. Mobile satellite measurements
consist of crossing railway and tram routes with a power car and outboard cars or two-axle
boogies, on the top of them GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers are
installed. The adopted research methodology and the measurements carried out in the rail and
tram track are described. The accuracy of satellite measurements is also the issue of the
analysis. It was proven that the optimal solution with maximum accuracy of determining the
coordinates GNSS during the inventory of railway routes is currently the use of the Global
Positioning System (in Russian: GLObalnajaNAwigacionnajaSiStema). Simultaneously, it is
noted that the determination of the existing routes coordinates in the national reference system
2000 with the use of GNSS techniques leads to the need of verifying the existing designing
methodology. The paper presents an assumptions of a new method of railway geometrical
layout designing adapted to the techniques of satellite measurements. To resolve the designing
issue, the universal system of equations describing the entire geometrical layout is
determined. Furthermore, the identification of the geometrical layout of the existing track is
enabled by the knowledge of the coordinates. The modules of ongoing software SATTRACK
are described. This computer program is made to visualize, assess and design the railway
layout. Moreover, it includes visualization of railway route planning, the evaluation of track
straight sections, creating a major a polygon directions, evaluation of curved sections and the
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determination of the exploited railway track axis shape. The assessment of the railway track
axis regulation effects are also a subject of the paper.
Keywords: GNSS geodetic measurements, accuracy assessment, track geometrical layout,
designing method, identification of the track shape, track axis regulation
V.G.Kuznetzov: The Rule of the Rational Mode of Traction Power Supply, Taking Into
Account the Reliability Energy Devices (Принципы определения рациональных
режимовсистем тягового электроснабжения с учётом надёжности силового
оборудования)
Increase of competitiveness and profitability of work of railway transport of Ukraine is
impossible without the solution of a number of prime problems, among which: ensuring
rational technology of transportation process by energetic, economic and ecological criteria;
development of infrastructure of railway transport for ensuring high-speed movement;
improvement of infrastructure; planning of consumption of energy resources; introduction of
effective methods of management on railway transport at all levels. In this list the energy
saving problem in power supply systems is especially important. This problem has a complex,
multilevel and multiple-factor character.
Definition of rational modes of systems of power supply of direct current railways was
carried out earlier without realities of nowadays when under the conditions of market
economy there are various options of electricity supply (on the simple rate tariffs, the
multilevel tariffs or wholesale prices for the electric power). Today the value of a power
component in a tariff for transportations reached 20%, and taking into account world
tendencies this value will raise further. During decision making process we must take into
account not only technical indicators (for example, the cost of the consumed electric power).
This article describe the principles of providing rational modes of power supply
systems taking into account the reliability of power equipment. On this basement can be
created the monitoring system for providing rational modes which could estimate for the
given moment of time a mode of power system of and offer measures for providing a rational
one. The author provides the description of a specialized program complex that can define
rational modes of traction power supply systems. The given program complex uses genetic
algorithm for definition of the rational modes. Article contains screenshots of the developed
program complex.
Keywords: power supply system, genetic algorithm, energy saving, program complex
Andrzej Lewiński, Zbigniew Łukasik, Tomasz Perzyński, Paweł Ukleja: Railway Control
Systems Using New Telematics Technology (Systemy sterowania ruchem wykorzystujące
nowe technologie telematyczne)
In the paper the new generations of control and management railway systems are
presented, with particular emphasis on regional lines. The current rail infrastructure
of regional lines enables the use of new telematic technologies, including open radio
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transmission to the control, management and monitoring of rail vehicle. The efficiency and
safety analysis, presented in the paper, was based at stochastic processes. Such approach is
consistent with railway standards and EU recommendations.
Keywords: railway control systems, telematics, safety, open transmission, Markov processes
Andrzej Marczak: Software Defined Radio Technology in Rail Transport (Technologia
radia programowalnego w transporcie szynowym)
Software Defined Radio technology enables the realization of devices in various types
of analog and digital radiocommunication systems. This paper presents the issues concerning
the implementation of the SDR. GNU Radio software The paper presents GNU Radio
software used to implement the signal processing implemented in SDR transceiver devices.
It also presents a GNU Radio Companion graphical environment, which facilitates the design
and implementation of software for the implementation of the SDR. Ex-ample of the
transmitter and receiver applications implemented using the GNU Radio software, shows the
ease with which you can create transceivers in SDR technology. This application has been
launched and worked on the SDR hardware platform realizing connection with devices made
in the existing technology. Scheme and construction of the SDR hardware platform are also
described in the paper.
SDR technology allows you to quickly change the properties of hardware equipment
and adapting it to the current application. This technology allows you to use the same
hardware equipment, with appropriate software, in different, often diverse applications e.g. in
rail or road transport and special applications. In addition, the ability to easily, software
upgrade equipment properties allows increase the time of use the hardware equipment.
Keywords: SDR, GNU Radio, GNU Radio Companion
Norbert Radek, Izabela Pliszka, Dariusz Liszewski: Properties of the Coatings Produced
Technologies Using a Concentrated Beam of Energy and their Potential use in Rolling
Stock (Właściwości powłok wytwarzanych technologiami wykorzystującymi
skoncentrowany strumień energii i ich potencjalne zastosowanie w taborze kolejowym)
The paper is concerned with determining the influence of the laser treatment process
on the properties of electro spark coatings. The properties were assessed after laser treatment
by analysing microstructure and measuring the roughness, microhardness, porosity and
corrosion resistance. The studies were conducted using WC-Cu electrodes produced by the
powder metallurgy route of nanostructural powders. The coatings were deposited by means of
the EIL-8A and they were laser treated with the Nd:YAG, BLS 720 model. The WC-Cu
coatings before and after modification of the laser can act as anti-wearand protective,
allowing their use in rolling stock.
Keywords: electro-spark deposition, laser treatment, coating
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Mirosław Siergiejczyk, Jerzy Chmiel, Adam Rosiński: Modern Solutions of CCTV Systems
Used in Rail Transport
The paper presents the issues related to CCTV systems. The devices included in their
composition were showed and characterised. Modern solutions (both in the field of CCTV
systems and ICT safety), which are currently being implemented in these systems, were
presented.
Keywords: CCTV systems, transport, virtual private networks