cele i mechanizmy programu pemp oraz stan obecny i

Transkrypt

Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 73/2005
Krzysztof Brzoza-Brzezina
Krajowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii S.A., Warszawa
CELE I MECHANIZMY PROGRAMU PEMP ORAZ STAN OBECNY
I PERSPEKTYWY PROGRAMU RABATOWEGO
OBJECTIVES AND MECHANISMS OF PEMP AND THE PRESENT STATE
AND PERSPECTIVES OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMME
Abstract: The economic potential for energy efficiency improvement of electric motor systems in Poland is large and could
substantially reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. While industrial energy efficiency is a priority in Polish energy and
climate change policy, the market share of energy efficient motors is currently very low due to a range of barriers. The Polish
Energy Efficient Motors Programme (PEMP) aims to overcome these existing barriers. PEMP addresses key technologies
and sectors identified by the Polish Energy Policy, with a special emphasis on the manufacturing industry, the energy sector
(heating), the utility industry (water supply and sewage treatment) and the mining sector. Under the programme, four
components are developed and implemented: capacity building by providing information and services, implementation of
demonstration projects, market transformation using a financial incentive mechanism; and development of industrial energy
efficiency policy. Implementation phase of PEMP project has started in year 2004. Many goals of the project have been met
in years 2004 and 2005; PEMP Center is established, first of the demonstration projects is under implementation, industrial
energy efficiency policy of the government is supported by KAPE .S.A. Unfortunately major component of the programme,
which is market transformation using a financial incentive mechanism is delayed. The reason of the delay was the lack of
decision of European Commission concerning public help.
Paolo Bertoldi, Bogdan Atanasiu
European Commission DG JRC, Ispra Włochy
THE EUROPEAN MOTOR CHALLENGE PROGRAMME
EUROPEJSKI PROGRAM MOTOR CHALLENGE
Abstract: Electric motor driven systems account for the greatest part of industrial electricity consumption in Europe.
Numerous studies on individual component (motors, pumps, compressors) and on the consumption characterisation have
shown the considerable potential for improvement of energy efficiency of these systems, and have recommended suitable
policy actions. A number of policies have succeeded in making improvements on the supply side for individual components
of systems, such as the electric motor itself. For electric motor a EU wide classification scheme and labelling exist together
with a voluntary agreement by motor manufacturers to substantially improve the efficiency of motor placed on the market.
Following the recommendation of experts, the European Commission decided to that a concerted effort on the demand side
could very usefully complement the efforts being spent on components and technologies. The European Commission has
decided to launch “The European Motor Challenge Programme” (MCP). This is a voluntary programme for motor systems
end-users to agree to look at their motor systems and to carry out within a specific time frame the savings measure that are
economic. The paper describes the programme and its implementation. The programme is based on the analysis of the main
reasons why profitable energy savings measures are not put into practice in the private companies and on the successful
examples where high level management made the necessary decisions to carry out motor systems energy efficiency
programmes. The publicity aspect of the programme would be used to convince top management of the usefulness of subscribing to the MCP “Guidelines”, in some ways similar to the existing EU “GreenLight” Programme commitment. Because
of the very wide variety of situations, this commitment is open ended and flexible, a sort of "variable geometry" system,
where each company, with aid from national energy agencies (the MCP “National Contact Points”) the Commission, would
target those areas and measures most likely to be effective in its operations. The company will commit to carrying out these
measures, and reporting on the results, within an agreed upon time period.
Tomasz Zieli ski, Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice
Maciej Bernatt, BOBRME Komel, Katowice
PORÓWNANIE KOSZTÓW CYKLU YCIA STANDARDOWYCH
I ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH
NISKIEGO NAPI CIA PRZY PRACY Z RÓ NYM OBCI ENIEM
THE LIFE CYCLE COST OF STANDARD AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT
LOW-VOLTAGE INDUCTION MOTORS AT DIFFERENT LOAD
Abstract: The paper brings up the problems of low-voltage induction motor use. General use and large number of
installations have the impact on significant electric energy consumption caused by these devices. A lot of working induction
motors have been exploited for twenty years or more. They were repaired many times. This decreased their efficiency and
makes large potential for electricity savings. Implementation of energy efficient motors may be the solution of the problem.
Unfortunately, the barrier is the higher price of the energy saving motor than of the standard one. Investors are accustomed to
the installation of low-efficient and cheap equipment or the repair of obsolete devices.
Authors proposed the method of costs calculation in the whole life cycle of the devices (LCC analysis) as key method for
making the decision about the purchase. The profitability of the energy efficient motor use and standard motor use was shown
as the difference in the life cycle costs of those devices. Moreover, the cost of the standard motor repair and cost of the
exchange of standard motor on energy efficient one were compared.
Jakub Bernatt
BOBRME Komel, Katowice
MO LIWO CI OBNI ENIA ENERGOCHŁONNO CI
NAP DÓW DU EJ MOCY
ABOUT POSSIBILITIES OF REDUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY
ELECTRICAL DRIVES
Abstract: High output induction motors working in polish industry are the subject of the paper. It is estimated, that only in
polish powerplants work more than 2000 motors output higher than 200 kW. Also in brown coal-mines hundreds of high
voltage slip-ring motors are installed. The presently exploited motors are mainly outdated, manufactured and designed more
than 20 – 30 years ago. These motors are characterised by low efficiency factor and high noise level. Figure 1 indicates the
value of efficiency factor of different type induction squirrel cage motors (domestic and foreign). It can be easily noticed that
modern motors have the efficiency factor higher of even 4% than the old ones.
The old motors should be replaced by modern, energy efficient ones. The Table 3 and 4 present the possibilities of replacing
these old machines by new, modern motors. In case of replacing motors in powerplants with generation units of 200 MW,
savings of electricity per 1 drive and for all main drives together are shown. The total energy power savings balance at the
level of 500 kW, what for 7000 operating hours per year enables to save about 3400 MWh.
Wojciech Herman, BOT Elektrownia Opole SA, Brzezie
Jerzy Hickiewicz, Marcin Kami ski, Krystyna Macek-Kami ska, Politechnika Opolska
SILNIKI INDUKCYJNE KLATKOWE O PODWY SZONEJ SPRAWNO CI W
ELEKTROWNIACH
HIGH–EFFICIENCY INDUCTION SQUIRREL-CAGE MOTORS
IN POWER PLANTS
Abstract: This short document describes the possibility of replacing standard electrical motors with high-efficiency models
in power plants. Two different drives – the coal mill and the primary air fan – are presented. In both of them the replacement
of the standard motors with their energy-saving counterparts is considered. The economic assessment of this replacement is
included. The paper also compares these two types of electrical motors with two different drives options, taking into account
their dynamic and usage qualities.
Tadeusz Glinka
BOBRME Komel, Katowice
ZU YCIE ENERGII ELEKTRYCZNEJ W UKŁADACH
NAP DOWYCH PRZENO NIKÓW TA MOWYCH
ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY CONVEYOR BELTS DRIVE SYSTEM
Abstract: High capacity conveyor belts are driven with two or four slip-ring induction motors. The investigated conveyor
belt is characterised by capacity of 11000 m3/h and is driven with two four slip-ring induction motors rated at 630 kW each.
The results of tests of capacity and electrical energy input run during 472.25 h and averaged to 15-minute intervals (Table 1
and 2) were the grounds for analysis of drive electrical energy consumption under following real-life conditions:
at rated rotational speed of the motors – 980 rpm,
at two different rotational speeds: 980 rpm and 490 rpm,
at continuous change of rotational speed adjusted so that the belt is filled up completely (100% load).
The results of electrical energy consumption in these three cases are set out in Table 3.
Figures 4 and 5 show electrical diagrams of electromachine cascades operating at 490 rpm (Fig.4) and 245 rpm (Fig.5).
Kazimierz Gatnar, Jastrz bska Spółka W glowa S.A., Jastrz bie Zdrój
Stefan Łach, Kopalnia W gla Kamiennego „BORYNIA”, Jastrz bie Zdrój
TECHNICZNE I EKONOMICZNE ASPEKTY ZASTOSOWANIA KASKADY
PODSYNCHRONICZNEJ DO REGULACJI WYDAJNO CI SPR ARKI
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECT OF EMPLOY CASCADE UNDERSYNCHRONOUS
CONVERTER REGULATING AIR COMPRESSOR OUTPUT
Abstract: The paper presents “Borynia” mine, where due to threat of methane the underground compressed air piping is
supplied from central compressor station. Any change in the compressed air demand requires regulation of compressor work
parameters. One of the possible solutions is the use of undersynchronous cascade for regulation of air compressor output. The
paper on the basis of compressor TK-16 modernization, where such a way of rotation regulation has been applied, describes
the premises of modernization, course of action, technical aspects and planed economic results of this solution. Final
conclusions try to sum up obtained results of modernization of synchronic engine 6kV with 1800 kW output after installation
of undersynchronous cascade.
Zbigniew Goryca
Politechnika Radomska, Radom
MO LIWO CI OSZCZ DZANIA ENERGII W NAP DACH MAŁEJ MOCY
POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY SPARING IN THE LOW POWER DRIVERS
Abstract: In this paper a new construction of the motor of small ventilator has been presented. Thanks to application of new
neodyme magnets in the motor, it was able to obtain high efficiency of the motor. Such high efficiency allows ventilator to
spare much more energy as compared to ventilator fitted with traditional asynchronous motor. However a new motor requires
an application of electronic supplying system. At the assumption of constant price of the energy, the cost of this solution is
reimbursed after four years. It was predicted that the energy drawing by individual receivers could be diminished by 2MW.
Zbigniew Szulc, Włodzimierz Koczara
Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa
POPRAWA EFEKTYWNO CI ENERGETYCZNEJ UKŁADU NAP DOWEGO Z
SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM REDNIEGO NAPI CIA POPRZEZ JEGO
ZASILANIE Z PRZEMIENNIKA CZ STOTLIWO CI
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICENT OF DRIVE SYSTEM WITH MEDIUM VOLTAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING FREQUENCY CONVERTER
Abstract: The paper presents three types of drive systems with water pumps driven by squirrel cage motors.
A comparison of energy efficent of this drives is given. The best energy efficent of drive system with squirrel cage motor
controlled by frequency converter was proven. The mathematic analysis of this phenomena was based on real industry
application.
Zbigniew Damm
F.S.E. Besel S.A., Brzeg
DO WIADCZENIA GRUPY CANTONI
W ZAKRESIE SILNIKÓW ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH
EXPERIENCES OF CANTONI GROUP IN DEVELOPING
OF ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS
Abstract: This paper presents experiences of Polish manufacturers of electric motors combined in Cantoni Group in
designing and producing of energy efficient motors. New products of Cantoni Group in scope of energy efficient motors are
presented. Moreover Cantoni Group cooperate with European and American Units that certify energy efficient motors. One of
the most important problems is to unify mothods of determining of efficiency.
Jerzy Piszczek
Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice
PRZEGL D MECHANIZMÓW WSPARCIA FINANSOWEGO
DLA MODERNIZACJI NAP DÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH
THE REVIEW OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT MECHANISMS
FOR MODERNIZATIONS OF ELECTRIC DRIVES
Abstract: This article presents four financial mechanisms, which could be used for modernization electric drives toward
energy efficient ones. Rebate Program is dedicated for smaller electric motors and is offering surcharges to their prices, while
Bank Ochrony rodowiska (Bank of Environmental Protection) and Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony rodowiska i Gospodarki
Wodnej (National Fund of Environmental Protection and Water Treatment) offers “soft loans” with interest rates below
commercial ones. EcoFund (Polish debt for environment swap) if Supervisory Board would make a relevant decision, will
offers a grants.
Sławomir Pasierb, Tomasz Zieli ski
Fundacja na rzecz Efektywnego Wykorzystania Energii, Katowice
WARUNKI I MO LIWO CI MECHANIZMU JI W PROJEKCJI
EKONOMICZNEJ I FINANSOWEJ ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH
PRZEDSI WZI
W NAP DACH ELEKTRYCZNYCH
CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE JI MECHANISM
IN THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION OF ENERGY EFICIENT ELECTRIC
DRIVES PROJECT
Abstract: Mechanizmy Protokołu z Kioto w przedsi wzi ciach efektywnego wykorzystania energii
W dniach 1 - 11 grudnia 1997 w Kioto w czasie Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie Zmian Klimatu, podpisano
Protokół zobowi zuj cy pa stwa wysokorozwini te do ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych o co najmniej 5%, w
stosunku do roku bazowego (najcz ciej 1990 r.). Zobowi zanie redukcji dotyczy tak zwanego pierwszego okresu rozliczeniowego, to znaczy lat 2008 - 2012. W Protokole z Kioto za gazy cieplarniane uznano koszyk sze ciu gazów, których emisje
przeliczane s na równowa nik dwutlenku w gla CO2 (GWP - Global Warning Potential). S to gazy: dwutlenek w gla CO2,
metan CH4, podtlenek azotu N2O, fluorowodory (HFCs), perfluorokarbony PFCs, sze ciofluorki siarki SF6. Koszty redukcji
emisji gazów cieplarnianych w poszczególnych krajach i instalacjach s ró ne. Dla realizacji redukcji emisji gazów
cieplarnianych we wszystkich krajach, sygnatariuszach z Kioto, po mo liwie najni szych kosztach, dopuszczono w Protokole
trzy tzw. elastyczne mechanizmy redukcji emisji, jak:
- handel emisjami (ET),
- wspóln realizacj projektów (JI),
- mechanizm czystego rozwoju (CDM).
Stanisław Lasek, Daniel Borsucki
Katowicki Holding W glowy S.A., Katowice
EFEKTYWNO
PROCESU ZARZ DZANIA ENERGI
W KOPALNIACH KHW S.A.
EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN MINES
OF KATOWICE COAL HOLDING STOCK COMPANY
Abstract: On the beginning, there had been characterised Katowice Coal Holding Stock Company – one of the largest
consumers of energetic media in Poland, which, in second part of 2002 year entered a competitive electrical energy market
and for a number of years carries on optimising process of its consumption.
Subsequently there was talked over particular stages of rationalization of energetic media consumption. Much attention was
dedicated to initiated program that refers to aspect of “daily quality and quantity controlling” and “monthly cost and financial
controlling”. There was shown its mission, objectives and peculiarity of its working in hard coal mining craft.
The description of the energetic media management program is crowned with presentation of consumption level and gained
effects in years 1996-2004 for particular energetic media. There has been proved that active management of energetic media
returns positive financial results. Summation of Katowice Coal Holding, Stock Company activity in the field of media
management in years 1996-2004 gives following reduction for one ton of produced coal:
- in unitary consumption of electrical energy by ~ 16,8 %,
- in unitary consumption of thermal energy by ~ 46 %,
- in unitary consumption of compressed air by ~ 29 %,
- in unitary consumption of drinkable water by ~ 38,2 %.
Janusz Boczek
Ciepłownia Rydułtowy Sp. z o.o., Rydułtowy
KOMPLEKSOWE WDRO ENIE ENERGOOSZCZ DNYCH NAP DÓW ORAZ
AUTOMATYZACJI PRODUKCJI I DYSTRYBUCJI CIEPŁA W CIEPŁOWNI
RYDUŁTOWY
A COMBINED ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS AND CONTROL SYSTEM
FOR HEAT PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE CIEPLOWNIA RYDULTOWY
BOILER HOUSE
Abstract: This paper presents the project “A combined energy efficient motors and control system for heat production and
distribution in the Cieplownia Rydultowy boiler house”, which has been carrying out in Cieplownia Rydułtowy Ltd in
cooperation with the Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency (FEWE). The purpose of this undertaking is improvement of
reduction of production costs of the company with minimum effect on environment. Among other things a frequency
converter for a motor (160 kW) of a main circulation pump has been assembled. Frequency converters have also been
assembled for exhaust and air fans in a boiler (motors with 170 kW total power). Moreover, weather compensation and
automatic gain control has been assembled in 23 heat exchangers. Currently other undertakings are carried out thanks to the
FEWE financial aid, e.g.: assembling frequency converters for motors in the other boiler, control system for coal combustion
in the boiler, replacement of old pumps for pumps with energy efficient motors in heat exchangers and assembling a
telemetry system control in a few heat exchangers. These undertakings will bring a notable effects in the form of decrease in
electricity and fuel consumption as well as decrease in emission of gases and dusts.
Leszek Szychta
Politechnika Radomska, Radom
ENERGOCHŁONNO
ZESTAWU POMPOWEGO
PODCZAS ZMIAN PR DKO CI OBROTOWEJ POMPY
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PUMPING SET AS A FUNCTION OF VARIABLE ROTATIONAL
SPEED
Abstract: There is given a definition of water pump efficiency during parallel connected units in the article. The method of
efficiency analysis for inverter control system is described. The continuous or intermittent pump running for a day water
demand is assumed. The computer calculation results of pump efficiency for real demand are presented.
Ryszard Porada, Michał Gwó d
Politechnika Pozna ska, Pozna
AKTYWNA KOMPENSACJA RÓWNOLEGŁA Z ZASTOSOWANIEM
SZEROKOPASMOWEGO ENERGOELEKTRONICZNEGO
RÓDŁA PR DU
ACTIVE SHUNT COMPENSATION WITH APPLICATION BROAD-BAND POWER
ELECTRONIC SOURCE CURRENT
Abstract: In this work we present main reasons of deterioration of power quality and interference in distribution power
network. Further we determine required control interaction which improve work conditions of this network and discuss
practicability of other different compensation systems. We present a proposal of main structure of shunt active compensation
systems. We talk over tasks, methods and control algorithms. Structure of control algorithms (numerical structure of digital
filters, digital Fourier transform) and required high precision control indicate to application of signal processors. For
realization of practical systems we used floating-point digital signal processor ADSP21065L, Analog Devices Inc. Some
selected results of investigations on laboratory models of active shunt compensation systems are also presented.
Ryszard Porada, Michał Gwó d
SZEROKOPASMOWE FALOWNIKI ENERGOELEKTRONICZNE NAPI CIA I
PR DU
BROAD-BAND POWER ELECTRONIC INVERTERS OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
Abstract: Dynamic changes of parameters of energy sources and receivers are reasons that decrease exactitude of static and
dynamic output signals towards reference signals. To improve these parameters, more advanced solutions of power
electronics inverters are necessary. One of them are controlled voltage (current) sources. These special inverters may find
many applications: as part of active compensation systems of voltage deformations in power network, in systems with power
flow controllers, power electronics voltage reference generators as well as in modern electrical drives. Proposed by the
authors structure of voltage (current) source is based on work of these systems in closed loop of negative feedback, controlled
in PWM system with constant carrier frequency, where classical regulators are replaced by wide band filters. In the present
work authors undertook test of use of adaptive digital filters for enlargements of exactitude work of these systems. The paper
presents characteristics of system working in closed loop of feedback and shows basic quantities describing such system.
Authors placed practical researches results of systems for different reference signals and conditions, where power electronic
source has been tested as the power reference voltage (current) generator.
Krzysztof Bie kowski*, Adam Rogalski**, Marcin Flaszczy ski***
DOBÓR PARAMETRÓW KONSTRUKCYJNYCH SILNIKA
RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZEŁ CZALNEGO ORAZ ICH WPŁYW NA
CHARAKTERYSTYKI STATYCZNE MOMENTU
ASSORTMENT OF CONSTRUCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE
MOTOR AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON STATIC TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract: The influences of geometrical parameters of three phase 12/8 SRM on static torque were presented on this paper.
Electromagnetic torque was obtained in result of solving FEM magnetostatic model of the motor. Assortment of internal
stator diameter, breaths of the poles in dependence of external stator diameter for maximum torque was presented.
Krzysztof Bie kowski*, Bogdan Bucki**, Adam Rogalski***, Krzysztof Tomczuk****
WPŁYW PARAMETRÓW KONSTRUKCYJNYCH NA T TNIENIA MOMENTU
CZTEROPASMOWEGO SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO
PRZEŁ CZALNEGO
INFLUENCE OF CONSTRUCTIONAL PARAMETERS ON TORQUE RIPPLES IN FOUR
PHASE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR
Abstract: Static torque characteristics and influence of the geometrical parameters of four phase 8/6 SRM on torque ripples
coefficent were presented on this paper. The Switched Reluctance Motor is being considered for a numerous applications,
which require variable speed, high efficenty, fault tolerance and low torque ripples. Design of efective machine require using
of FEM model to estimation of the set of geometrical and material parameters. Electromagnetic torque of four phase SRM
was obtained in result of solving FEM magnetostatic model. Dependence of torque ripples of the internal stator diameter,
breath of the stator pole and the breath of rotor pole were presented and no extremum in that characteristisc was found.
Piotr Drozdowski, Zbigniew Szular
Cracow University of Technology, Cracow
ENERGY EFFICIENT TWO STAGE STARTING
OF CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS
DWUETAPOWY ROZRUCH ENERGOOSZCZ DNY
SILNIKÓW INDUKCYJNYCH KLATKOWYCH
Streszczenie: „Dwuetapowy rozruch energooszcz dny silników indukcyjnych klatkowych”. W artykule zaproponowano
rozruch silników indukcyjnych klatkowych kształtowany dwuetapowo: pocz tkowo poprzez regulacj cz stotliwo ci i
napi cia według odpowiedniego prawa sterowania zapewniaj cego dana dynamik a nast pnie poprzez regulacj jedynie
napi cia (od cz stotliwo ci wi kszej od ok. 20 Hz). Rozruch cz stotliwo ciowy zapewnia zwi kszenie strumienia
skojarzonego wirnika a przez to zmniejszenie pr dów fazowych i w efekcie zaoszcz dzenie pobieranej przez silnik energii.
Ponadto dynamika nap du w tym zakresie mo e by łatwo sterowana w zale no ci od celu i algorytmu sterowania. W drugim
etapie rozruch jest kształtowany przy stałej cz stotliwo ci i regulowanym napi ciu. Jako urz dzenie energoelektroniczne
słu ce temu celowi zastosowano cyklokonvertor gwiazdowy pracuj cy w drugim etapie rozruchu jako trójfazowy sterownik
mocy. Zaproponowan metod rozruchu uzasadniono teoretycznie oraz zilustrowano odpowiednimi przebiegami.
Ludwik Antal, Maciej Antal, Jan Zawilak
Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław
WPŁYW SZEROKO CI OTWARCIA ŁOBKÓW
NA PARAMETRY EKSPLOATACYJNE SILNIKA
INDUKCYJNEGO MAŁEJ MOCY
INFLUENCE OF SLOTS WIDTH OPENING ON THE OPERATING
PARAMETERS OF A SMALL POWER INDUCTION MOTOR
Abstract: The work presents calculation results of a small (1.5 kW) squirrel cage induction motor. The influence of slots width opening
on efficiency and other operating characteristics of the motor was examined. The efficiency calculations were realized by finding
distribution of time-harmonic magnetic field in a two-dimensional field-circuit motor model. Calculations for different combination of
stator and rotor slot width openings showed influence of these geometric parameters on shape of magnetic field in motor air-gap. Field
harmonic analysis shows that there is a possibility to decrease slot harmonics and in consequence, increase motor efficiency and other
parameters.
Stanisław Rawicki
NOWOCZESNY SYSTEM STEROWANIA POJAZDU TRAMWAJOWEGO
PRZY MINIMUM ZU YCIA ENERGII ELEKTRYCZNEJ
MODERN SYSTEM OF CONTROL OF TRAM VEHICLE AT MINIMUM ELECTRIC
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Abstract: The paper deals with the tram vehicle control according to the criterion of the minimum use of the electric energy.
The calculations and investigations show that for the given interstop distance and the ride time (the given time-table, the same
average speed), the different types of the tram traffic are possible. The optimization of the tram vehicle run consists in
determination of duration of the starting phase, the running with the constant speed, the coasting stage and the braking phase
in order to attain the minimum electric energy use. Within the framework of the tram traffic in the city conditions, various
disturbances can appear. In this paper, the influence of the local and global limitations of the vehicle speed on the values of
the energy consumption is analysed. The local velocity reductions can appear both in the initial part of the ride and inside the
interstop traffic. An application of power electronics devices makes possible the realization of the recuperation of the electric
energy during the tram vehicle braking. The paper deals also with comparison of the values of the energy consumption at
various disturbances of the tram traffic and for two different cases, when the energy recovery during the braking exists or
doesn’t occur. For every type of the tram ride, the duration of the individual phases of the traffic is calculated with the aim of
achievement the minimum electric energy use. The suitable energy optimum control of the tram vehicle at various
perturbations of the city traffic can ensure the electric energy savings equal to even 30 %.
Jerzy Przybylski, Zbigniew Szulc
WPŁYW STRUKTURY OBWODU WEJ CIOWEGO PRZEMIENNIKA
CZ STOTLIWO CI NA EFEKTYWNO
ENERGETYCZN UKŁADU
NAP DOWEGO
IMPACT OF THE FRONT END CONVERTER TOPOLOGY ON ECONOMIAL FACTORS OF
THE ELECTRICAL DRIVE SYSTEMS
Abstract: Resulting from norms, disposals and other norms are used, but also from the need of rationalization of managing
the electric energy in supply electrical receivers used in propulsion schemes (mainly big power – above 100kW) power
electronics converters. This paper presents methods of selecting input circuits of frequency converters and its influence on
level of electrical energy losses. Selecting of installations backed-up with calculations very often leads to solutions in which
the same effect of applying the working machine’s speed regulator allows to gain fewer power losses and smaller affect on
the energy source. Some of the results of tasted high power driving systems have been also described.
Paweł Zalas, Jan Zawilak
Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław
SYNCHRONIZACJA SILNIKÓW SYNCHRONICZNYCH
PRZEZ STEROWANIE PR DEM WZBUDZENIA
SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS CONTROL OF EXCITATION CURRENT VALUE
Abstract: The work presents calculation results of synchronization process of a two−speed, silent−pole, high power
synchronous motor. The calculations were based on the examined two-dimensional, field-circuit model for the high power
motor, type GAe 1716/20p with switchable configuration connection of armature winding and field magnet. The motor
characteristics make it suitable for drives of fan – type machines. The work presents description of computable model and
general parameters of analyzed two−speed motor. The influence of the synchronization moment on stator currents,
electromagnetic torque and shaft velocity, during synchronization process with nominal excitation voltage and high value of
load torque, was examined. The influence of the excitation voltage value greater than nominal, during synchronization
process with high value of load torque, on stator currents, electromagnetic torque and shaft velocity was analyzed. The
influence of the method control of excitation current, during synchronization process witch high value of load torque was also
investigated. Dynamic diagrams of stator currents, excitation current, excitation voltage, electromagnetic torque and shaft
velocity during synchronization process as results of computer simulation are presented.
Jerzy Hickiewicz, Sławomir Szymaniec, P. Trzeciak, Politechnika Opolska, Opole
Zbigniew Ławrowski, Energotest-Diagnostyka, Opole
PRÓBA OCENY EKONOMICZNEJ DIAGNOSTYKI
MASZYN ELEKTRYCZNYCH
THE ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC MACHINES DIAGNOSIS
Abstract: This paper presents an attempt of the economic assessment of high voltage squirrel-cage induction motors
diagnosis. Costs of diagnostic measurement of stator winding insulation have been estimated. These costs have been
compared to the costs of possible repairs. Diagnosis costs have been also compared to the costs of energy used by these
machines. Costs of diagnosis which has been done internally are compared to the costs of an external service, taking into
account the amount of machines in the plant.
Henryk Banach
Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin
METODA POMIARU NAPI
INDUKOWANYCH W UZWOJENIU
TWORNIKA OBCI ONEJ MASZYNY PR DU STAŁEGO
MEASUREMENT METHOD OF GENERATED VOLTAGE IN ARMATURE WINDING OF
DC LOADED MACHINE
Abstract: In the article a new measurment method of generated voltage in armature winding is presented. The method makes
possibility to measure a generated voltage in d.c. loaded machines. The method is very con-venient and needs only the simple
testing in the motoring and generatoring mode. The generated voltage is the arithmetic mean of measured armature voltages
on motor and generator operation by given armature and field current. An additional advantage by testing is any need to
know an armature circuit resistances. The verificat-ion of the new method was made on d.c. shunt motor ( P=1,5 kW, U=220
V, n=1450 rpm).

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