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Document 57185
qarTvelobis gadasarCenad # 16 (85) 26 maisi 2009 saxalxo moZraoba “ “s a m e g r e l o s “ o r g a n o 26maisisaqarTvelosdamoukideblobisdRea saqarTvelos damoukideblobis simbolodqceuli, saqarTvelospirveli prezidentiszviad gamsaxurdiasZegli, romelicqalaq zugdidSidaidga cnobiliqarTveli politikosisada sazogadomoRvawis batonaleqsandre WaWiasiniciativiTa daxarjebiT rogorc 2-3 saqarTvelos moqalaqes, mtkivada mwyins,rom Cemi samSoblo viRacis koloniur danamatadiqca 6 9 amis dakargvis, an daviwyebis ufleba arc russa aqvs da arc qarTvels! nawyvetebi v.veliCkos wignidan "kavkasia" 50 TeTri m a f a l u “mafaluelebis” mier megrul enaze gacxadebuli m. kankavas sityva, imdroindeli saqarTvelos uaRresad rTuli politikuri viTarebis, qarTuli politikuri partiebis mwvave urTierTdapirispirebisa da Sidapartiuli konfliqtebis dros, maTi WeSmariti miznebisa da swori qmedebebis miuxedavad, zogma gaukuRmarTebulad gaigo. 8 xsovnis striqonebi nawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan “bulaTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli mamuliSvili da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze fifia, gTavazobT gazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva poetis dabadebidan. igi 28 wlis asakSi Seiwira politikurma uamindobam _ samSoblos siyvaruliT gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis TebervalSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zugdidis samazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagandisti. dapatimrebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mesame kursze swavlobda. lavrenti beria_ qarTuli 4 genia ras 7 ambobdnen samegreloze istoriuli masalebi samegrelos saamayo Svilebi 5 vladimer naWyebia msoflioSi longinoz miminoSvili saxel- ganTqmuli vaxtang miminoSvili “ilori” adamianebi: gazeTi 12 aqveynebs werilebis mkiTxveli gvexmaureba TiTqos mTawmindac muxlze damdgara, romlis saflavi ar dgas yiraze, yvela devgmiri fexze amdgara, satanebis da mterTa jinaze. 10 gio gobeCia cikls, romelic asaxavs fexburTSi msoflio Cempionatebis finalur bataliebs. 2 ilori r o g o r c s a q a r T v e l o s moqalaqes,mtkivadamwyins, romCemisamSobloviRacis koloniurdanamatadiqca politikur wreebSi kidev didxans imsjeleben agvistos movlenebze, mis winmswreb Tu Tanmdev procesebsa da Sedegebze. SarSan Cveni qveyana mTeli msoflios yuradRebis centrSi moeqca da am `yuradRebiT~ xelisuflebis Tavismowonebas, samwuxarod, saqmeSi Cauxedavi adamianebic iziarebdnen... ra moxda da ra SeiZleba moxdes, amas siRrmiseuli analizi sWirdeba. qarTvelebs gadabrunebuli urmisa da Sedegad gamoCenili gzis Segoneba yovelTvis gvaxsovs, magram, samwuxarod, iSviaTad viTvaliswinebT... faqtia, rom saqarTvelos sagareo politikur veqtors gadaxedva sWirdeba, Tanac _ safuZvlianad. ramdenime weliwadia, sxvadasxva statiasa Tu interviuSi saqarTvelos winaSe mdgar problemebze saubrobs da maTi mogvarebis gzebsac gvisaxavs cnobili qarTveli sazogado moRvawe aleqsandre WaWia. Tumca xelisufleba, romelsac gulze lodiviT adevs okeanisgaRma aRebuli valdebu lebebi, jiu tad ag r Zelebs im kurss, romelmac qveyana Tavze dagvaqcia. cxovrebam dagvanaxa, rom qarTvelebma istoriis gakveTilebidan veraferic ver viswavleT, radgan dRemde erTsa da imave Secdomebs vuSvebT... xalxuri sibrZnisa ar iyos, `jobs gvian, vidre arasdros~. baton aleqsandre WaWiasTan interviu, romelsac dRes gTavazobT, SarSan, saparlamento arCevnebamde, gamoqveynda ucxour presaSi. bevri avismomaswavebeli prognozi maSin arc sazogadoebam iRo yurad da arc xelisuflebam. am gadasaxedidan, anu mas Semdeg, rac winamdebare masalaSi gamoTqmuli prognozebis didi nawili axda, vfiqrobT, kidev ufro aqtualuria is problemebi, romlebzec avtoritetuli mecnieri saubrobs. jer yvelaferi ar aris dakarguli da Tuki amjerad mainc saTanado gulisyuriT moekideba saqarTvelos xelisufleba am interviuSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs, iqneb, saSveli marTlac daadges am qveyanasac da am qveynis gawamebul xalxsac. aleqsandre WaWia: ramdenad gamarTlebulia saqarTvelos amJamindeli xelisuflebis e.w. evropuli orientacia da natoSi gawevrebis kursi? _ gamarTlebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos sagareo politikis mxolod is mimarTuleba, romelic realur sargebels moutans qveyanas, xels Seuwyobs mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebis xarisxi- sa da donis gaumjobesebas. yovelTvis kategoriuli winaaRmdegi viyavi natoSi gawevrebisa imitom, rom kargad Seviswavle am organizaciis saqmianobis is mxareebi, romlebic ar afiSirdeba da ar reklamirdeba natos propagandistebis mier; vici, rom natoSi iseTi patara da susti qveynis gawevreba, rogoric saqarTveloa, faqtobrivad, suverenitetis srul dakargvas, xolo Cveni geopolitikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, masStaburi samxedro konfliqtis pirobebSi morig msxverplad da samizned gadaqcevasac niSnavs. natosTan dakavSirebul mTel am istoriaSi amerikelTa interesi gasagebia: maT saqarTvelo paikad sWirdebaT ruseTTan did geopolitikur TamaSSi (ruseTTan problemuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisas amerikelebi TavianT kozirebs Soris tyuilad ki ar asaxeleben SesaZleblobas, nebismier dros saqarTvelos meSveobiT moaxdinon kavkasiaSi situaciis destabilizacia); sWirdebaT, aseve, saqarTvelos samxedro infrastruqtura iranis winaaRmdeg samxedro moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi (iranis sapasuxo qmedebebi, sxvaTa Soris, mimarTuli iqneba ara Soreuli amerikis, aramed mtrulad ganwyobili mezoblis _ saqarTvelos mimarT); rasakvirvelia, saWiroa gazsadenis gakontrolebac. sagulisxmoa, rom yvela am interesis dasakmayofileblad arc samxreT oseTi da arc afxazeTi saWiro ar aris. gasagebia TurqeTis interesic: natos egidiT saqarTveloSi swored TurqeTis samxedro bazebi ganTavsdeba, rac am saxelmwifos saSualebas miscems, ara mxolod gaakontrolos saqarTvelo, romelsac TurqeTis elita yovelTvis Tavis vasal teritoriad miiCnevda, aramed uSualo kavSiri daamyaros TurqeTisadmi loialurad ganwyobil Crdilokavkasiel xalxebTan, anu mniSvnelovani nabiji gadadgas `didi Turanis~ ideis realizaciis gzaze. am sakiTxSi gasagebia evropis poziciac (mxedvelobaSi maqvs wamyvani evropuli qveynebi, anu Zveli evropa – safrangeTi, germania, italia, espaneTi da ara axalgamoCekili `evropelebi~, magaliTad, poloneTi an baltiispira respublikebi, romlebic mosamsaxureebis an, rogorc amerikelebi amboben, amerikis sagareo politikisTvis `Savi muSebis~ rols asruleben): evropas xels ar aZlevs ruseTTan erTob momgebiani urTierTobebis gamwvaveba, metadre, rom Tavad evropas srulebiT ar ainteresebs natoSi saqarTvelos gawevrebis sakiTxi. jer erTi, rom evropas Cinebulad esmis, _ nato mxolod amerikuli interesebis realizaciis iaraRia. es ki evropas aRizianebs, rac imiT vlindeba, rom evropelebs ar surT eraysa da avRaneTSi amerikul avantiurebSi monawileoba da mkafiod uaryofiTad ekidebian iranTan konfliqtis sakiTxs. meorec, evropa ar miiCnevs saqarTvelos evropul an iseT qveynad, romelic potenciurad mainc warmoadgens misTvis politikur anda ekonomikur interess. am interesis uqonlobas mowmobs is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos aqamde ar swvevia romelime didi evropuli sax- elmwifos lideri. samarcxvinoc kia, magram yvelaze meti, rasac veRirseT, poloneTis prezident kaCinskis vizitebia, romelsac evropaSi `evropel masxarad~, `evrokavSiris takimasxarad~ miiCneven. saqarTvelosadmi swored es damokidebuleba gamomJRavnda natos buqarestis samitisas. sainteresoa, rom yvela saRad moazrovne da gaTviTcnobierebuli adamianisTvis naTeli iyo: saqarTvelo ver miiRebda maps buqarestSi. es icoda saqarTvelos xelisuflebamac, magram mainc agrZelebda Tavisi xalxis motyuebas. dRes Cvenma politikosebma am problemis gadaWra dekembramde `gadades~, Tumca dekemberSic analogiur Sedegs miviRebT. mere ra tyuils moigoneben? amgvarad, ZiriTadi gare moTamaSeebis poziciebi naTelia, Tumca srulebiT gaugebaria saqarTvelos xelisuflebis pozicia. raSi argia saqarTvelos gadaqceva rusuli an iranuli raketebis samizned? ratom ambobs uars afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze Tavis teritoriaze TurqeTis samxedro bazebis ganTavsebis sanacvlod? ratom ugulebelvyofT evrokavSiris wamyvani qveynebis Tvalsazriss, Tu evropasTan TanamSromloba gvsurs? saqarTvelos xelisufalTa pozicias zogi maTi umecrebiT, gamoucdelobiT, elementaruli analizis uunarobiT xsnis. magram gana amdenad umecarni arian, rom is anbanuri WeSmaritebac ver aRiqvan, romelic Soreul sofelSi mosaxle mcired ganaTlebuli glexisTvisac ki naTelia? etyoba, saqme isaa, rom Tavisufali ar arian qveynis politikuri kursis Camoyalibebasa da gatarebaSi da mxolod gare Zalebis nebis Semsruleblebad gvevlinebian. am gare ZalebisTvis ki saqarTvelos erovnuli interesebi araviTar faseulobas ar warmoadgens. mxolod amiT SeiZleba aixsnas im situaciis absurduloba, romelSic xelisuflebis wyalobiT aRmoCnda saqarTvelo. Tavad gansajeT: natoSi gawevrebis Sesaxeb mravalwliani laqlaqiT Cven safuZvelSive gavifuWeT ruseTTan urTierToba, sruliad gavyineT konfliqtebis daregulirebis procesi, davkargeT erTaderTi masStaburi bazari Cveni produqciisaTvis, magram natoSi mainc ar gviReben da arc migviReben kidev didxans. gamodis, rom qveyana realur sinamdviles msxverplad swiravs politikosebis fantaziebs. sruli absurdia! _ kosovos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg bevri SeSfoTebiT eloda ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis aRiarebas. es ar momxdara, magram afxazeTs Tavis droze SemoRebuli sxvadasxva saxis sanqcia moexsna. xom ar mohyveba amas misi damoukideblobis aRiarebac? _ am respublikebis damoukideblobis aRiarebis momxre ruseTSi blomadaa. es gasagebicaa, radgan maTi xelisuflebac da mosaxleobac, ruseT-saqarTvelos mtruli urTierTobebis fonze, ruseTisadmi keTilganwyobis demonstrirebas axdenen da masTan TanamSromlobisken iswrafvian. rasakvirvelia, am pirobebSi amkrZalavi zomebis moqmedebebis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli iyo. garda amisa, umaRles politikur wreebSi arian Zalze gavleniani lobistebi, romlebic kategoriulad acxadeben: saqarTvelom ruseTTan konfrontaciis, ruseTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil samxedro blokSi gawevrebis gza airCia da amitom mas ise unda movepyroT, rogorc mter saxelmwifos. me xSirad miwevs am adamianebTan kamaTi, magram isini, ZiriTadad, bolo or aTwleulSi, anu Cvens qveynebs Soris konfrontaciuli urTierTobebis periodSi, Camoyalibebuli axali formaci is po li ti ko se bi ari an. ami tom uWirT Cemi argumentaciis, istoriul gamocdilebasa da erTobliv warsulze apelirebis da sxv. miReba. sabednierod, arian iseTi politikosebic, romelTaTvisac saerTo istoria, erTmorwmuneoba, evraziuli erTianoba litoni sityvebi ki ara, geopolitikur da geoekonomikur interesTa Tanxvedris istoriuli dadasturebaa. aseT politikosTa ricxvs miekuTvneba v. v. putinic. amitomac movuwodebdi saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, qveynis sasikeTod gamoeyenebina v. v. putinis prezidentobis periodi, qarTveli xalxisadmi misi gansakuTrebuli keTilganwyoba. samwuxarod, Cveni xelisufalni piriqiT moiqcnen. vimedovneb, rom ruseTis axali prezidenti v. v. putinis msoflmxedvelobrivi poziciis am nawilsac iziarebs da Tu saqarTvelos xelisufleba momwifdeba imisTvis, rom saTanadod gaacnobieros erovnuli interesebi, maSin moskovi keTilganwyobiT Sexvdeba, Tumca, drois gaWianurebis SemTxvevaSi, es imedi naklebad realuri gaxdeba. me kvlavac vamtkiceb, rom ruseTisa da saqarTvelos obieqturi (xazs vusvam _ obieqturi!) geopolitikuri interesebi savsebiT Tanmxvedria. amitom rus kolegebTan saubrisas swored rusuli saxelmwifoebrivi interesebiT vapelireb da vamtkiceb, rom damoukidebeli afxazeTis arseboba ruseTis grZelvadian interesebSi ar Sedis. sanapiroze mdebare damoukidebeli afxazeTi magnitiviT miizidavs Crdilokavkasiuri respublikebis separatistul wreebs, romlebic didi xania, zRvaze pirdapir gasasvlelze ocneboben. kvlav aRorZindeba Tavis droze TurqeTis genStabis mier SemuSavebuli afxazeTisa da Crdilokavkasiis respublikebis erTian saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis idea. gavixsenoT: am ideis realizacias Seudgnen kavkasiis mTieli xalxebis konfederaciis SeqmniT, romlis dedaqalaqad soxumi gamocxadda. yuradReba miaqcieT: ara kavSiri, ara xalxTa asociacia, aramed swored rom konfederacia, anu saxelmwifo mowyobis forma. amasTan, afxazeTis damoukideblobis statusi mas TurqeTTan pirdapiri saxelmwifoTaSorisi saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebis damyarebis saSualebas miscems, amis Sedegebs ki veravin gansazRvravs. garda amisa, rogorc cnobilia, amerikis SeerTebul Statebs Tavisi interesebis realizaciisTvis samxreT kavkasiaSi arc afxazeTi da arc samxreT oseTi ar sWirdeba. ufro metic, am konfliqtebis ga- 3 ilori r o g o r c s a q a r T v e l o s moqalaqes,mtkivadamwyins,romCemi samSobloviRaciskoloniurdanamatadiqca dauWreloba xels uSlis samxedro blokSi saqarTvelos gawevrebas da damatebiT arguments warmoadgens im evropuli qveynebisTvis, romlebsac ar surT natos SemadgenlobaSi saqarTvelos xilva. amitom aSS siamovnebiT airidebda Tavidan am problemas, magram saqarTvelos mouwodo, uari Tqvas istoriul teritoriebze, niSnavs `megobrisa~ da `mfarvelis~ rolis ugulebelyofas. amitom amerikelebs didi imedi aqvT, rom amas ruseTis xeliT gaakeTeben, amasTan, SeinarCuneben sakuTar imijs da daadastureben, rom ruseTi `mteri~ da `agresoria~. yvela es garemoeba gaiTvaliswina v. v. putinma, ris gamoc ruseTis xelisufleba ar wamoego amerikis provokacias da ar gaimeora kosovos precedenti. Tumca usasrulod ase ver gagrZeldeba. Tu natoSi saqarTvelos gawevrebis realuri SesaZlebloba warmoiqmneba, anu ruseTis samxreT sazRvrebTan natos bazebis ganTavsebis safrTxe gaCndeba, ruseTis xelisufleba, cxadia, gaafarToebs Tavisi usafrTxoebis zonas, maT Soris, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis teritoriebis xarjzec. analogiur nabijs ruseTi konfliqtis samxedro gziT gadaWris SemTxvevaSic gadadgams, razedac xSirad msjeloben briyvebi saakaSvilis garemocvaSi. vfiqrob, Tavad prezidenti Tavisi xalxis interesebs ar uRalatebs da samxedro avantiuraze ar wava, radgan es katastrofa iqneba rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis, ise qarTveli erisTvisac, rogorc kulturul-istoriuli fenomenisTvis. _ bolo wlebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, Zalauneburad gebadeba kiTxva: saerTod SesaZlebelia ki saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena? _ msoflio praqtika gviCvenebs, rom es Zalze rTuli, xangrZlivi procesia, magram Cvens SemTxvevaSi _ srulebiT SesaZlebeli. momxdari omis mizezebs xom obieqturi, antagonisturi xasiaTi ar aqvs. damoukideblobis xanaSi qveynis mmarTveli SevardnaZis nacvlad damoukideblad moazrovne, erovnulad orientirebuli, gonieri adamiani rom yofiliyo, omi ar gaCaRdeboda. omis Semdgom periodSic saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar gadaudgams realuri nabijebi urTierTobaTa normalizebisTvis. piriqiT, yvelaferi keTdeboda da keTdeba ise, TiTqos afxazeTis mokveTa Cveni politikosebis farul mizans warmoadgendes. mimaCnia, rom dResac dagvianebuli ar aris am erTob rTuli, magram saqarTvelosTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani samuSaos dawyeba. oRond jer unda ganisazRvros saqmianobis mimarTuleba. pirveli: aucilebelia qveynis SigniT am Temaze spekulaciuri politikuri WriWinisa da gaerosa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi uazro laybobis Sewyveta, radgan maT miufurTxebiaT Cveni problemebisTvis. SevardnaZem Cveni politikosebi amgvar unayofo saqmianobas SeaCvia, raTa eris yuradReba am problemidan sxva rameze gadaetana. samwuxarod, mas es gamouvida. meore: kategoriulad unda ugulebelvyoT raime samxedro blokSi gaerTianebis idea, radgan es saqarTvelos me zo be li Zli e ri sa xel m wi fo e bis mtrad aqcevs. arada, am saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobazea damokidebuli qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobac, ekonomikuri ganviTarebac da mosaxleobis materialuri keTildReobac. saqarTvelo mSvidobiani, yvela qveynisadmi keTilganwyobili, Ria da, samxedro TvalsazrisiT, neitraluri saxelmwifo unda iyos. mesame: samxedro neitralitetze dafuZnebiT, man unda aRadginos da gaafarTovos ruseTsa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis sxva qveynebTan politikuri da ekonomikuri urTierTobebi. nu gvaviwydeba, rom Cveni konfliqturi teritoriebi dsT pasuxismgeblobis zonaSi mdebareobs da iqvea ganTavsebuli rus mSvidobismyofelTa kontingenti, romelsac gaero sistematurad ugrZelebs da kvlavac gaugrZelebs mandats. ruseTisa da saqarTvelos geopolitikuri interesebis erTianobaze dafuZnebiT, unda mivaRwioT ruseTis xelisuflebis, rusuli politikuri elitis mxridan urTierTgagebasa da aqtiur mxardaWeras. Cven amas movaxerxebT, Tu politikaSi, kulturaSi, biznesurTierTobebSi, pirad kavSirebsa da marTlmadidebluri eklesiis xaziT jer kidev arsebuli potencialis mobilizebas movaxdenT. meoTxe: aucilebelia afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis xelmZRvanelobebsa da adgilobriv elitur jgufebTan pirdapiri dialogis gamarTva, xolo paralelurad _ moqalaqeTa masobrivi kontaqtebisTvis pirobebis Seqmna. bunebrivia, pirvel etapze es ruseTis SuakacobiT moxerxdeba, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi SemuSavdeba meqanizmi, romelic process Seuqcevad xasiaTs SesZens. sakuTari gamocdilebiT vici, rom dialogi SesaZlebelia da konkretuli kompromisebis miRwevac savsebiT realuria. mexuTe: dauyovnebliv saWiroa masStaburi samuSaos dawyeba CrdiloeT kavkasiis respublikebTan mravalmxrivi urTierTobebis aRsadgenad da gasaviTareblad. gvaviwydeba, rom kavkasielebi varT, ara _ miTuri `evropelebi~, aramed _ kavkasielebi. kavkasiel xalxebTan urTierToba saqarTvelosTvis gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, vidre holandiasTan an belgiasTan. magram SevardnaZe ar kadrulobda am xalxebis liderebTan urTierTobas da upiratesobas aniWebda gaeroSi fuW gamosvlebsa da cocxal-mkvdar genSerTan an crupentela beikerTan Sexvedras. saakaSvilma, samwuxarod, ganagrZo es mankieri praqtika da genSeri Wkuidan gadamcdari bJezinskiTa da saerTaSoriso masStabis aferistebiT _ sorosiTa da balceroviCiT _ Caanacvla. droa, mimovixedoT. garSemo kavkasieli xalxebi gvaxvevia, romlebTan urTierTobanic ampartavnulad SevwyviteT. xolo am xalxebis TanamgrZnobi da megobruli mxardaWeris gareSe verc afxazeTisa da verc samxreT oseTis problemas ver gadavWriT. meeqvse: aqtiurad unda CaverToT im regionul ekonomikur proeqtebSi, romlebSic ruseTi afxazeTs CarTavs. am proeqtebis realizacia saqarTvelos gareSe ar unda moxdes. ufro metic, saqarTvelo am proeqtebis umTavres kavkasiel monawiled unda iqces. mxedvelobaSi maqvs igive olimpiada da masTan dakavSirebuli grandiozuli gegmebi. politikuri da ekonomikuri sargeblianobis garda, am proeqtebSi monawileoba saSualebas mogvcems, ukve sawyis etapze samSobloSi davabrunoT ltolvilebis mniSvnelovani nawili. Tumca yvelaferi, rasac gTavazobT, SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod damoukidebeli saxelmwifos patriotulad ganwyobilma xelmZRvanelobam, romelic sakuTari xalxis erovnuli in te re se bi dan ga mom di na re moq me debs... _ Tqven sajarod ara erTxel ganacxadeT, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ar Sedga, Tumca prezidentma saakaSvilma Tavisi pirveli saprezidento vadis umTavres miRwevad swored is daasaxela, rom saqarTvelo, rogorc saxelmwifo, Sedga... _ Semdgar saxelmwifos ramdenime maxasiaTebeli aqvs, romelTagan umTavresia centraluri xelisuflebis unari, gaakontrolos qveynis mTeli teritoria. ukve am niSniT laparaki saqarTveloze, rogorc Semdgar saxelmwifoze, ar SeiZleba. analogiuri mdgomareoba gvaqvs sxva maxasiaTeblebTanac _ damoukidebeli sagareo politika, konkurentunariani ekonomikis erovnuli modelis arseboba. formaluri damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg saqarTvelo ver iqca saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis damoukidebel subieqtad. sasaciloa: ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministro ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebis sakiTxebs ara saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministrosTan, aramed, aSS saxelmwifo departamentTan agvarebs. rac Seexeba ekonomikis erovnul models, mTavroba, premier-ministris gamosvliT Tu vimsjelebT, verc ki xvdeba, es ra aris. _ Tqveni azriT, SeZlebs ki parlamentis axali Semadgenloba qveynis politikaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebis Setanas? savaraudod, opozicia adgilebis mniSvnelovan raodenobas miiRebs... _ gana opozicias aqvs qveynis ganviTarebis alternatiuli modeli? verc erTma opoziciurma partiam ver warmoadgina realuri alternatiuli programa, romelic sagareo politikuri kursis Secvlis, erovnuli ekonomikis formirebis, qveynis teritoriuli erTianobis aRdgenis konkretul winadadebebs da axal midgomebs Seicavs. ar msmenia amgvari ram arc amJamindeli xelisuflebisgan, roca maT SevardnaZis reJimi Secvales. Seicvalnen deputatebi, ministrebi, milicielebi, magram Sida da sagareo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi uwindeli, SevardnaZiseuli darCa. Tavis droze me mas sami `d~s politika vuwode: deindustrializaciis, destruqciis, degradaciis. miaqcieT yuradReba, ra moTxovnebi wamoayena opoziciam bolo xanebSi? es moTxovnebi rom dakmayofilebuliyo kidec, gana saqarTveloSi arsebul vi- Tarebasa da saerTaSoriso arenaze qveynis mdgomareobas Secvlida? risTvis moawyves mravalaTasiani mitingebi? risTvis acemines xalxi xelketebiT? risTvis daiwyes `sasikvdilo~ SimSiloba, romelic didi xania, farsad iqca? imisTvis, rom savarZlebSi usaqmurTa da marionetTa erTi jgufis nacvlad meore Casvan? Cven ukve CavanacvleT SevardnaZe im xalxiT, vinc gahyviroda: `Zirs SevardnaZe!~ magram arc ki davinteresebulvarT, ra gziT waiyvandnen saqarTvelos es myviralebi. dRes gavyviriT: `Zirs saakaSvili!~ magram gana hyavs opozicias saqarTvelos erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis alternatiuli strategiis matarebeli? msgavsi araferi _ arc partiaa, arc _ pirovneba. da es gasakviri ar aris. qveynis met-naklebad mniSvnelovani politikuri Zalebis mTel speqtrs mkacrad akontroleben amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis Sesabamisi samsaxurebi. aseTsave kontrols eqvemdebareba mravalricxovani arasamTavrobo organizaciac, romlebic politikuri partiebisa da saxelmwifo struqturebisTvis kadrebs amzadeben. am pirobebSi uaRresad Znelia damoukidebeli, erovnul interesebze orientirebuli politikuri Zalis Seqmna. amaSi sakuTari gamocdilebiT davrwmundi. me, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqes, mtkiva da mwyins, rom Cemi samSoblo viRacis koloniur danamatad iqca marionetuli politikuri klasiT. garedan marTuli politikuri Zalebi erovnuli interesebis realizebas verasodes ver moaxdenen. amitom axali parlamenti, ra Semadgenlobisac unda iyos, ver gadaiqceva Tavisi arsiT qveynis erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv organod, romelic saqarTvelos mosaxleobis nebisa da interesebis gamomxatveli iqneba. sxva saqmea, rom saparlamento arCevnebi saSualebas aZlevs prezidents, cvlilebebi Seitanos saxelmwifos politikaSi. Tu mas esmis, rom qveyana CixSia, iseve, rogorc SevardnaZis mmarTvelobisas, da meore vadis CasamTavreblad da misi saxelis keTilad mosagonrad erTaderTi saSualebaa, kardinalurad Secvalos sagareo da saSinao ekonomikuri politika, maSin is gamoiyenebs arCevnebs, raTa moaxdinos parlamentis mier axali iniciativebis warmodgenis inspirireba; Secvalos mTavrobis Semadgenloba da mimarTos igi ganviTarebis xarisxobrivad axali programis realizaciisken, anu gamoiyenos parlamentis axali Semadgenloba erovnuli interesebis Sesabamisi politikis sawarmoeblad. amasTan, mas SeeZleba, Tavi imarTlos amerikel kuratorebTan da am cvlilebebSi axali parlamenti `daadanaSaulos~. Tu prezidenti am Sanss ver gamoiyenebs, istoriuli teritoriebis sabolood dakargvis garda saqarTvelos ukve momaval wels masStaburi ekonomikuri krizisi daemuqreba, romelic SemdgomSi uTuod gadaizrdeba ekonomikis kolafsSi. gasayidi xom aRaraferi darCa. saswrafod aRsadgenia qveynis samrewvelo, sasoflo-sameurneo, samecniero-teqnikuri potenciali. 2008 wlis aprili 4 ilori lavrentiberia_qarTuligenia bolo aTwleulebSi berias saxeli, sabWoTa epoqis sxva istoriul figurebs Soris misi moxseniebis sixSiriT, mesame adgilzea leninisa da stalinis Semdeg. gana es SemTxveviTia? vfiqrob, ara. berias Sesaxeb dawerilia iseTi seriozuli naSromebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, udrood gardacvlili aleqsei toptiginis `ucnobi beria,~ iuri muxinis `beriasa da stalinis mkvleloba~ da elena prudnikovas `stalinis ukanaskneli raindi.~ Tumca, Tema ar amowurula. amitomac mcireodeni WoWmanis Semdeg gadavwyvite, beriaze wigni damewera. winaTac vxvdebodi, rom lavrenti pavles Zis saxeli didwilad usamarTlod iyo amosvrili lafSi. muSaobas Sevudeqi da male erTob gaocebuli davrCi berias im xatebiT, romelic ssrk-s atomuri proeqtis obieqturi dokumentebis yuradRebiT Seswavlis Sedegad gamoikveTa. ssrk-is ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli speckomitetis Tavmjdomare ara mxolod Cinebuli organizatori, aramed maRali moraluri kondiciis, normaluri da mgrZnobiare kacic ki iyo. Tanac, saqme mqonda utyuar dokumentebTan, romlebic `ssrk-Si birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis istoriis Taobaze saarqivo dokumentebis oficialuri krebulis momzadebisa da gamocemis Sesaxeb~ ruseTis federaciis prezidentis 1995 wlis 17 Tebervlis #160 brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, sajarod gamomzeurda. am krebulis rva soliduri tomi 10 kg-ze mets iwonis. hoda, es dokumentebi mogviTxrobda adamianze da ara monstrze. Tema sul ufro mizidavda, samuSaom gamitaca da axla misi nayofi pativcemuli mkiTxvelis samsjavroze gamomaqvs. Tavi pirveli wignis arsis, pirvelwyaroebisa da kidev raRac-raRacebis Sesaxeb... wignis arsi TiTqosda garekanzeve TvalsaCinoa _ es lavrenti pavles Ze berias cxovrebaa. Tumca, sinamdvileSi yvelaferi amdenad naTeli rodia. amitom, roca muSaobas Sevudeqi, bevri vifiqre, rogor gavrkveuliyavi mis cxovrebaSi ise, rom warmomeCina misi rekonstruqcia da ara `versia.~ axla moduria wignebis seria da- maintrigebeli saxelwodebiT `gamomziurebuli cxovreba.~ lavrenti beria agenti ar yofila, siymawvilidanve pirovneba gaxldaT da, amis miuxedavad, mis cxovrebas zedmiwevniT Seefereba saxelwodeba `gasaidumloebuli cxovreba.~ amas bevri mizezi aqvs. erTi maTgani isaa, rom naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi beriaze an arafers ambobdnen, anda cruobdnen ise, rom met-naklebad swori warmodgenis Seqmna masze SeuZlebeli iyo. msoflio istoriaSi albaT kidev erTi figuris amoSlas lamobdnen ase daJinebiT sazogadoebis mexsierebidan. es herostrate gaxldaT, romelmac Cvens welTaRricxvamde 365 wels, aleqsandre makedonelis dabadebis Rames, efesSi artemidas taZari cecxls misca. beria ar angrevda. is qmnida, magram aseTive daJinebiT devnidnen oficialuri istoriidan, xolo Tu saxeli gauTqves kidec, es herostrateseuli dideba ufro iyo. TumcaRa, dro, adre Tu gvian, yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCens. Tundac visime saxeli, iseve, rogorc beriasi, istoriidan samarTebliT amokveTon. 1953 wels didi sabWoTa enciklopediis xelmomwerebma fostiT miiRes pa- vuwyebdiT Zebnas 1953 wlis Semdeg gamocemul nebismier sabWoTa cnobarSi. yvelaze detalur akademiur gamocemebSic ki ar moixsenieba saxeli kacisa, romelsac didi sabWoTa enciklopediis me-5 tomSi 4 sruli gverdi (!) mieZRvna da romlis portretsac iqve kidev erTi mTliani gverdi ekava. berias saxeli srulad amofxriwes samamulo istoriidan. Tumca, arsebobs kidev msoflio istoriac. 2000 wels gamomcemloba `ves mir~is mier rusul enaze gamocemul `oqsfordis ilustrirebul enciklopediaSi~ im kacze, romelic ssrk-sTvis aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi ar arsebobda, Zunwi cnobebi moi poveba. es enciklopedia stalinis epoqis farTomasStabiani `wmendis~ ganxorcielebaSi sabWoTa politikos lavrenti pavloviC berias sazarel rols akisrebs. sagulisxmoa, rom rusuli `oqsfordi~ Zunwad aRiarebs, omis dros beria Tavdacvis mrewvelobis ganviTarebaze rom zrunavda. Semdeg ki, qronologiis damaxinjebiT (lavrenti pavles Ze ivlisSi ki ara, 1953 wlis 26 ivniss daapatimres), `oqsfordi~ iuwyeba, rom stalinis sikvdilis Semdeg beria malenkovis, molotovisa da xruSCovis ko- sergeikremliovi beria_XXsaukunis saukeTesomenejeri keti, romelSic oTxad gakecili furceli ido, zed ki beWdvuri asoebiT ewera: `didi sabWoTa enciklopediis xelmomwers saxelmwifo samecniero gamomcemloba `didi sabWoTa enciklopedia rekomendacias iZleva, enciklopediis me5 tomidan amoiRoT 21, 22, 23 da 24 gverdebi, aseve, 22-sa da 23 gverds Soris Cawebebuli portreti, romelTa nacvladac gigzavniT gverdebs axali teqstiT. aRniSnuli gverdebi wignidan amoWeriT makratliT an samarTebliT, datoveT mxolod velebi axali gverdebis Casawebeblad. saxelmwifo samecniero gamomcemloba `didi sabWoTa enciklopedia.~ sabWoTa istoriaSi yvelaze grZel gvarad miCneuli iyo `primknuvSiknimSepilovi.~ es odesRac cnobili saxelmwifopartiuli moRvawe, gazeT `pravdis~ mTavari redaqtori, skkp ck-is prezidiumis wevrobis kandidati, sagareo saqmeTa ministri, romelic 1957 wlis suecis arxis kriziss agvarebda, xruSCovis winaaRmdeg gamovida ck-is prezidiumis im sxdomaze (1957 wlis ivnisi), roca prezidiumis umravlesoba, maT Soris, molotovi, kaganoviCi da malenkovi, mzad iyo xruSCovis postidan gadasayeneblad. mokle xanSi am umravlesobis umravlesobam da maTTan erTad `primknuvSiknimSepilovma,~ yvela posti dakarges. Sepilovma didxans icocxla da 1995 wels 90 wlis asakSi aResrula. ssrk-Si yvelaze grZeli gvaris matarebeli kaci mxolod imitom gavixsene, rom meTqva: es 22-asoiani gvari rekordi ar gaxlavT. radgan `gvarSi~ _ `22-e da23-e gverdebs Soris Cawebebuli~ gacilebiT meti asoa... gamodis, anonimurobasa da uneblie fsevdonimis sigrZeSic absoluturi rekordsmeni lavrenti beriaa. Sesabamisad, mis gvars fuWad da- aliciasTan damarcxda, is daapatimres, gaasamarTles da daxvrites. amgvarad, msoflio istoriaSic beriasTan dakavSirebuli sakvanZo sityvebia: `urCxuli,~ `wmenda,~ `banakebi,~ `likvidacia,~ `SeTqmuleba,~ `daxvreta,~ `sikvdili.~ da mxolod gakvriTaa naxsenebi sityva `ganviTareba~. imisaTvis, rom sicrue daijeron, is Semzaravi unda iyos. am recepts hebelsic xSirad iyenebda, Tumca ukve pirveli msoflio omis dros anglosaqsTa propaganda yalbad adanaSaulebda germanias udanaSaulod daxocili frangi bavSvebis gvamebidan miRebuli cximebis warmoebaSi. mainc ra Caidina `jalaTma~ beriam? ai citata, romelic yovelgvari cvlilebis gareSe momyavs: `ukve dawerili narkvevi magidaze medo. bolo wertili davsvi. kidev erTxel ganvicdidi im kacis saxelTan dakavSirebul saSinelebebs, romelsac uTuod daswyevlian Taobebi. Tuki pirveli oTxi narkvevis werisas gulistkivils vgrZnobdi da TanavugrZnobdi udanaSaulod daxvretil marSlebs, mexuTe, viszec saubari mogviwevs, araTu daxvretas, aramed, SesaZlebeli rom yofiliyo, CamoxrCobas, eleqtroskamsa da giliotinaze Tavis mokveTasac imsaxurebda. da esec ki arasakmarisi sasjeli iqneboda misTvis.~ oTxi `udanaSaulo~ marSali gaxlavT: 1. Tavdajerebuli, bonapartis gamoxdomebiani, trockisti `geniosi~ tuxaCevski; 2. erTob gaurkveveli bedis mqone egorovi; 3. uniWo `marSali~ kuliki da 4. degradirebuli, Tavgzaabneuli bliuxeri. mexuTe marSali ki beriaa, xolo misi moZule mwerali vladimir karpovi, Tavis droze banakidan frontze wasuli, sadac polkis mzveravidan sabWoTa kavSiris gmirad iqca. saidan aseTi paTologiuri siZulvili? Zveli wyenaa? metismeti gulRr- Zooba iqneboda. aq raRac sxvasTan gvaqvs saqme. SesaZloa, karpovs instinqturad sZuls elvare, gamoCenili pirovneba, Tavis moZuleTagan gansxvavebiT, _ uangaro da maRali idealebis mqone. Tumca, kaSkaSa da arastandartuli pirovneba sabWoTa istoriaSi sxvac moiZebneba. maS, ratom maincdamainc beria? momxiblavi konstanca bonasie `sami muSketeridan~ acxadebda: `vinc riSelies axsenebs, is satanas axsenebs.~. dRes `inteleqtualebi~, `inteligentebi~, `liberalebi~ da `demokratebi~ erTxmad acxadeben imaves berias misamarTiT. da es istoriuli pirovnebis totaluri demonizaciis Zalze ubeduri SemTxvevaa. beriaze keTili sityvis Tqma, Tundac is faqtebiT iyos gamyarebuli, Znelia. isic ki, visac lavrenti pavles ZesTan urTierTobis praqtikidan erTob dadebiTi magaliTebi mohyavs, frTxilad amatebs: marTalia, beria jalaTi da `gulagis~ Semqmneli iyo, magram me adamianurad meqceoda, banakSi ar gavugzavnivar da arc deda Seuginebia. Tumca, cxadia, `sisxlismsmeli~ iyo... maS, iyo Tu ara demoni? skkp ck-is qronikebis aRmwerels nikolai zenkoviCs Tavis erT-erT wignSi wamoscda, rom saqme is ki araa, mokles Tu ara stalini, saqme isaa, rogor moxda es. igive SeiZleba iTqvas beriasTan mimarTebaSic: saqme is ki araa, tyuilubralod lafSi amosvares Tu ara, saqme isaa, ratom amosvares lafSi ase sazizRrad da totalurad. es kiTxva daebada yvelas, vinc problemis Seswavlas obieqturad moekida. (gagrZeleba iqneba) qarTuliojaxis saRamomoskovis erovnebaTasaxlSi moskovelebi gaecvnen qarTuli ojaxis yofasa da tradiciebs, daagemovnes erovnuli samzareulos kerZebi erovnebaTa saxlSi, _ ityobineba `ria novosti~. moskovis erovnebaTa saxlSi gaimarTa Sexvedra `stumrad qarTul ojaxSi~, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo proeqtiT `sxvadasxva erovnebis moskovuri ojaxebi~. Sexvedraze qarTuli ojaxebis warmomadgenlebma isaubres ojaxuri keris Camoyalibebis principebis, qarTuli ojaxis prioritetebis, bavSvebis rolisa da maTi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb ufros TaobebTan, agreTve saqorwilo ritualis Sesaxeb. programaSi Sedioda agreTve qarTuli kerZebis degustacia da Savnabadas wmida giorgis saxelobis monastris ostatTa namuSevrebis gamofena. aq warmodgenili iyo xaliCebi, religiuri daniSnulebis sagnebi da sxva eqsponatebi. `samuSaoebi Sesrulda tradiciuli, umetes SemTxvevaSi, Zveli teqnikis gamoyenebiT monastris berebisa da ostatebis mier~. eqsponatebs Soris gamoirCeoda naturaluri qsovilebisagan damzadebuli erovnuli kostumebi originaluri motivebiTa da Zveli ornamentebiT. saRamos eswreboda 80-mde stumari _ rusebi, daRestnelebi, yaraCaelebi, belorusebi, litvelebi, berZnebi, somxebi, latvielebi, azerbaijanelebi, tajikebi, polonelebi da sxv. aseTi tradiciuli saRamoebi, pirvel rigSi, ewyoba diasporebis SigniT, magram yovelTvis stumroben sxva erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebic. 5 ilori samegrelossaamayoSvilebi vladimer naWyebia ilia WavWavaZisa da misi TanamebrZolebis mier gakvaluli gziT mavali Tavmdabali pirovneba iyo xobis raionis sofel xeTis dramatuli wris gamgeobis Tavmjdomare, qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis didi gulSematkivari, mSobliuri kuTxis namdvili kulturtregeri vladimer naWyebia, romelsac ekuTvnis sityvebi: “swori TvalsazrisiT, Rirseba yoveli adamianisa unda dafasdes imiT, Tu raoden emsaxureba igi Tavisi eris TviTgacnobierebis saqmes xelovnebiTa, cxovrebiTa, moRvaweobiTa, gina ubralo moqmedebiTa...” wiwamuris tragediis Semdeg qarTuli sazogadoebis nawili erTgvarad gamoerkva da mixvda, rom qveynisaTvis Tavdadebul moRvaweebs gafrTxileba da dafaseba maTsave sicocxleSi sWirdebaT. swored maSin gadawyda akaki wereTlis saiubileo saRamoebis Catareba saqarTvelos raionebsa da qalaqebSi. foTSi gamarTuli sazeimo Sexvedris Semdeg etliT gamomgzavrebul msaxiobs gzad xobsa da xeTaSi gaumarTes xanmokle Sexvedra. swored maSin mimarTes iubilars: “moRvaweoba Tqveni srulyofili aris da unaklo. bednieri brZandebiT samSoblos winaSe ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi samsaxuriT. mogilocavT am bednierebas da gisurvebT gangrZobas Tqvenis moRvaweobisas mravalJamier!” am striqonebis avtori vladimer naWyebia gaxldaT. igi 1873 wels daibada samegrelos lamaz sofel xeTaSi. swavlobda senakis skolaSi, Semdeg ki quTaisis gimnaziaSi. Tavidanve gatacebuli iyo Teatraluri xelovnebiT. xelmokleobisa da mamis gardacvalebis gamo quTaisSi swavla ver gaagrZela da xeTaSi dabrunda da TviTganaTlebas mihyo xeli. male man xeTaSi dramatuli wre Camoayaliba, raSic Caaba soflis kulturuli Zalebi da wera-kiTxvis mcodne qalebi mowinave ojaxebidan. sarwmuno cnobebis Tanaxmad, 1894 wels ufasod gaumarTavT pirveli warmodgena, giorgi erisTavis komedia “uCinmaCinis qudi”. amave dros, xeTaSi arsebobda moswavleTa dramwrec, romelsac aseve vladimer naWyebia xelmZRvanelobda. vladimer naWyebia arasodes Semofarglula viwro sazRvrebiT. mSobliur sofelSi wamowyebul sasikeTo saqmes igi sxva daba-qalaqebs uwiladebda. dabrkolebebis miuxedavad, vladimer naWyebia Seupovrad ganagrZobda Tavis saqmes _ marTavda saRamo-warmodgenebs da amiT xels uwyobda daCagruli, uuflebo adamianebis gaTviTcnobierebis saqmes. mosaxleoba gulTbilad da siyvaruliT xvdeboda xeTeli scenismoyvareebis gamosvlas. fasiani warmodgenebi imarTeboda mxolod saqvelmoqmedo mizniT _ umetesad Rarib mowafeTa sasargeblod. vladimer naWyebia mravalmxrivi moRvawe iyo. mas qarTuli literaturis mdidari biblioTeka hqonda. sofelSi Tu vinmes wigni dasWirdeboda, mis ojaxs miakiTxavda. erTi xandazmuli xeTeli ixsenebda: “vladimeri masTan stumrad misul Tanasoflelebs gulRiad xvdeboda, magram gazeTebis saxlSi gataneba ar uyvarda _ “visac wakiTxva surs, aq dajdes da waikiTxoso”. mas Zalian uyvarda geografia, astronomia, sabunebismetyvelo sagnebi. xeTis caze varskvlavebs, Tanavarskvlavedebs scnobda. izidavda istoria. Tavis mravalmxriv codnagamocdilebas xalxSi avrcelebda. xSirad atarebda saintereso da sasargeblo saubrebs mecnierebis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze. oTaxis erT kuTxeSi afTiaqi hqonda mowyobili. am dros sofelSi TiTqmis yovel meore kacs malaria stanjavda. vladimer naWyebia Tavisi xeliT ukeTebda avadmyofebs nemss da gaWirvebulebs fuliTac exmareboda. bevri araferi ebada, magam ukanasknel kapiks ar iSurebda mezoblebisaTvis. meoce saukunis 30-ian wlebSi vladimer naWyebias TaosnobiTa da monawileobiT xobSi Camoyalibda xalxuri simReris Zlieri raionuli gundi, romelmac saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi mravali koncerti gamarTa. vladimer naWyebia gverdiT edga iseT cnobil lotbarebs, rogorebic iyvnen rema Selegia, porfile gabelia, beJan naWyebia. 1937 wels Catarebul respublikur olimpiadaze xobis gundma warmateba moi pova. am daTvalierebis momwyobgamformebeli, mwerali, xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe lado gegeWkori igonebda: “...guSindel dResaviT maxsovs is mondomeba da gulisxmiereba, rasac maSin esoden Rvawlmosili pedagogi vladimer naWyebia iCenda. movida CemTan da xobis gundis repertuarSi saukeTeso simRerebi da cekvebi Sematanina, gunds maSin xelmZRvanelobda cnobili momRerali porfile gabelia. xobis gundma maSin meore xarisxis premia daimsaxura. roca gunds es gamarjveba mivuloce, aRvniSne is amagi da udidesi Rvawli, rac vladimer naWyebias mondomebis Sedegad Canda...” vladimer naWyebia gardaicvala 1950 wlis 21 Tebervals. dakrZalulia mSobliur sofel xeTaSi. mas Rirseuli STamomavloba darCa _ erTaderTi vaJi valerian naWyebia cnobili pedagogi iyo. mravali sikeTe mohmadles samSoblos vladimer naWyebias SvilisSvilebma nodarim, leilam da JuJunam. samwuxaroa, rom dRes xeTaSi Zalian cota vinmes Tu axsovs vladimer naWyebia. klubis Senoba, romlis aSenebasac man amdeni Zala Sealia, didi xnis win daangries, agur-agur daSales da gaaqres. ara gvgonia, xeTis sakrebulos didad gauWirdes soflis centrSi vladimer naWyebias sada, upretenzio memorialis mowyoba... Rvawlmosili adamianebis xsovna maT gulSi ukvalod ar unda gaqres. longinoz miminoSvili bevri niWieri lotbari da momRerali aRuzarda saqarTvelos ulamazesma samegrelom. Zuku loluas, kiwi gegeWkoris, kirile paWkorias, rema Selegias, noko xurcias da sxva saxelovan lotbarTa mier gakvaluli gziT iares da niWierebiT, keTili saqmeebiT gamoirCnen Zmebi _ longinoz da vaxtang miminoSvilebi. longinoz miminoSvili daibada 1922 wels sofel nosirSi. 15 wlis iyo ojaxis ufrosi vaJi _ longinozi, roca mamamisi cimbirSi gadaasaxles da ojaxis mTeli simZime saSualo skolis moswavles daawva kiserze. siZneleTa miuxedavad igi skolis momReralTa gunds Caudga saTaveSi. pirvelad am gundTan erTad wardga mayurebelTa winaSe. moswavlis mier momzadebulma simRerisa da cekvis ansamblma omis win saraiono daTvalierebaze pirveli adgili daisakuTra. mSobliuri xalxuri simReris usazRvro siyvarulma miiyvana longinoz miminoSvili sasiqadulo lotbarisa da maswavleblis rema Selegias ansamblSi. remas gansakuTrebiT moewona ymawvili longinozis sidinje da Rrma siyvaruli folklorisa. simRera droebiT mxolod maSin Sewyvita, roca samSoblos damcvelTa rigebSi Cadga da did samamulo omSi frontis wina xazze aRmoCnda. omidan daWrili dabrunda da kvlav sayvareli saqme gaagrZela. male rema Selegias iniciativiT longinozi cxakaias raionis simRerisa da cekvis eTnografiuli saxelmwifo ansamblis xelmZRvanelad daniSnes, sadac sam weliwads warmatebiT imuSava. mas Tavdadeba ar dauklia cxakaias sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumis mowafeTa gundisaTvis, romelmac 1948 wels profkavSirTa respublikur daTvalierebaze pirveli xarisxis di plomi daimsaxura. 1950 wels longonoz miminoSvilma medpersonalisa da maswavlebelTa monawileobiT Seqmnili ansambli warmatebiT gamoiyvana sagundo koleqtivebis daTvalierebaze. 1954 wels cxakaias raionis adgilobrivi mrewvelobis kombinatis simRerisa da cekvis ansamblma respublikur daTvalierebaze maRali Sefaseba daimsaxura. am RonisZiebaze naTlad gamovlinda lotbaris srulyofili ostatoba da gamocdileba. longinozi 1977 wlamde aqtiurad monawileobda yvela respublikur daTvalierebasa da festivalSi. mis mier momzadebul gundebs mravali koncerti aqvT gamarTuli. daimsaxura uamravi saxelmwifo jildo da miniWebuli hqonda saqarTvelos xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawis sapatio wodeba. gardaicvala 1984 wels. dakrZalulia qalaq senakSi. vaxtang miminoSvili cnobili qarTveli lotbari vaxtang miminoSvili daibada 1930 wels, samegrelos erT-erT ulamazes sofel sofel nosirSi. vaxtangi sul 15 wlisa iyo, roca sagundo xelovnebaSi moRvaweobas Seudga, raSic didi wvlili miuZRviT saxelganTqmul lotbarebsa da megruli sagundo simRerebis did moamageebs rema Selegias, noko xurcias da qalaq senakis musikaluri saswavleblis simReragalobis maswavlebels valerian gegeWkors. 1957 wels saqarTvelos dedaqalaq TbilisSi Catarda qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis pirveli respublikuri festivali, sadac meCongure vaJTa triom vaxtang miminoSvilis, givi bokuCavasa da ermile zarquas SemadgenlobiT Jiuri gansakuTrebiT moxibla da festivalis laureatis sapato wodeba moipova. es iyo niWieri momRerlis pirveli didi warmateba, ramac farTo gza gaukafa mas did SemoqmedebaSi. 1959 wels vaxtang miminoSvili abaSis raionis kulturis saxlSi iwyebs muSaobas, sadac xelmZRvanelobs raionul gunds, paralelurad ki ayalibebs meCongureTa ansambls da “Svidkacas”. lotbari vaxtang miminoSvili virtuozulad flobda qarTul xalxur sakravebs, rac didad uwyobda xels qarTuli, megruli Tu saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebis xalxuri simRerebis damuSavebasa da SesrulebaSi. saqarTvelos respublikur konkursze Congurze qarTuli melodiebis saukeTeso SesrulebisaTvis vaxtang miminoSvils gadaeca qebis sigeli da fuladi premia. Semdeg wlebSi igi warmatebiT emsaxureba abaSis raionSi soflebis sefieTis, maranis skolebs, raionis koopkavSiris moswavleTa saxls, Zveli senakis sabWoTa meurneobis momReralTa gunds, cxakaias Cais fabrikis simRerisa da cekvis ansambls, agreTve soflebis biisa da nojixevis saSualo skolebis momReralTa TviTmoqmed koleqtivebs, romlebic maRal Sefasebas imsaxureben. jer kidev 1930 wels Seqmnili ansambli “Cxorowyu”, romelsac Tavdapirvelad lotbarebi Tada gogua da rema Selegia xelmZRvanelobdnen, vaxtang miminoSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT respublikuri da sakavSiro festivalebis laureati gaxda. didi niWierebiTa da pirovnuli RirsebebiT Semkuli, mravali titulisa da jildos mflobeli lotbari vaxtang miminoSvili 2003 wels gardaicvala. Zmebs longinoz da vaxtang miminoSvilebs WeSmaritad didi Rvawli miuZRviT qarTuli xalxuri, gansakuTrebiT megruli simReris ganviTarebis saqmeSi. TavianTi SemoqmedebiT maT qarTuli kulturis saganZurSi mniSvnelovani adgili daimkvidres. ekaterine sanikiZe 6 ilori amis dakargvis, an daviwyebis ufleba arc russa aqvs da arc qarTvels! (nawyvetebi vasil veliCkos wignidan "kavkasia") 1904 wels, am wignis avtoris vasil veliCkos gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi moswavleebis mier „kavkasiis“ wignad gamocemam Zalze aaforiaqa mTeli planetis somxuri mosaxleoba. inglisSi mcxovrebma somexma didvaWarma gulbekianma im droisaTvis zRapruli Tanxa _ xuTi milioni funti sterlingi (dRevandeli kursiT, daaxloebiT samasi milioni dolari) _ gadaixada, raTa am wignis mTeli tiraJi gayidvidan amoeRoT da gaenadgurebinaT, magram, rogorc xedavT, verafers gaxda. Tumca, somxebma nawilobriv mainc miaRwies sawadels, radgan winamdebare wigni gaxlavT vasil veliCkos mTliani naSromis pirveli tomi, meore tomi ki, saerTod aRar gamosula da, Cveni didi Ziebis miuxedavad, mainc ver movaxerxeT misi povna. rogorc Cans, am tomis xelSi Cagdeba da ganadgureba garkveuli sazRauris fasad mainc moaxerxes somxebma. kavkasiaSi sasamarTlo praqtika xSirad swored somxebs wyalobs: SeiZleba isini marTlac yovelTvis sufTebi da patiosnebi iyvnen, magram, SeiZleba amas sxva mizezic aqvs, romlis gamokvlevac mogvcemda uamrav saintereso faqts. saqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom erTma momrigebelma mosamarTlem (TemirxanSuraSi) isic ki scada, rom uwyebiT Tavis kameraSi moewvia saswavlo olqis mxcovani mzrunveli. kavkasiis sasamarTlo dawesebulebam, romelTa gadawyvetilebiTac ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi sanqcionirebuli iyo somexi mtaceblebis mier saxazino miwebis daufleba, am sakiTxSic ar uRalates sakuTar Tavs da Zalian bevri sadavo saqmeebi gadawyvites ara kavkasiis saswavlo olqis sasargeblod. rigi sarCelebisa SeCerebul iqna, vinaidan saskolo qonebis erTi didi saqme senatamdic ki mivida. mTavari sakiTxi imaSi mdgomareobda, saerTod eqvemdebareboda Tu ara amgvari saqmeebi administraciul an sasamarTlo ganxilvas. senatma am ukanasknels dauWira mxari da, amJamad, yvelaferi saSinlad air-dairia da kavkasiaSi Seiqmna rusuli saqmisa da prestiJisadmi friad araxelsayreli garemo (1903 wlis 12 ivnisis kanonma yvela gaugebrobas sabolood dausva wertili). am gaugebrobam kidev erTxel daadastura, rom kavkasiaSi dasaqmebul sxvadasxva uwyebebs ar gaaCniaT erTiani samsaxureobrivi damokidebuleba mTliani erovnuli politikisadmi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, adgilebze gaimarjvebda is saRi azri, rom saxalxo skolis sakiTxi ufro saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobisaa da ara viwro samoqalaqo masStabebis mqone. skolisa da eklesiis qonebis gansazRvrisas, saswavlo uwyeba moi povebda saWiro mxardaWeras yvela wvrilmanis dasazusteblad, amasTan, am ukanasknels aRar mieniWeboda gadaWarbebuli mniSvneloba gergilian-formaluri niSnebis saxiT. swored es qvemZromoba aRuZravda adgilobriv xelisuflebas imis survils, gza miecaT didi xnis win momwifebuli da RaRadisad qceuli im sakiTxisaTvis, rac gaxlavT somxuri saeklesio qonebis sekularizacia. amis gadawyvetiT, mravali mRvrie wylis talRa, romelic axla gamudmebiT gadadis kavkasielTa Tavebze, Tavis kalapots daubrundeboda. adgilobrivi rusi adamianebi, romlebic TanamgrZnobi yuradRebiT akvirdebian Sinagan saqmeTa saministros muSaobis intensivobis amaRlebis procesebs, am centraluri uwyebis SemoqmedebiTi iniciativisgan moelian keTilmoqmed zegavlenas rusuli saqmis moryeul safuZvelze, radgan am saqmis Sesustebas saxeiro araferi moaqvs am Soreuli da sicrueSi gaxveuli mxarisaTvis. azrTa sxvaoba, am SemTxvevaSi, ufro akademiur xasiaTs atarebs, vidre Rrma cxovrebiseuls, radgan, orive partia erTmaneTs wamierad erwymodnen da axlac erwymian, yoveli, Tundac umniSvnelo mizezis gamoisobiTac ki, Tu saWiroa “saerTo mtris” winaaRmdeg gaerTianeba. eCmiaZinis somxur eklesiaSi mmarTveloba arc mTlad erTpirovnulia _ kanonis Tanaxmad sinodis saTaveSi kaTalikosi dgas, sinodis prokurors ki ruseTis mTavroba niSnavs. eCmiaZinis sasuliero akademia ukve didi xani unda xelmZRvanelobdes kanonieri wesdebiT, vinaidan, misi Semcvleli droebiTi wesebis moqmedebas didi xania gauvida vada (es wesebi, romelic 1874 wels cxra wlis vadiT daamtkica aw gansvenebulma xelmwifem aleqsandre meorem, dRemde cvlis eCmiaZinis sasuliero akademiis wesdebas, rogoric ar unda iyos igi. am ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi eCmiaZinis taxtze aRsaydrebuli yvela kaTalikosi cdilobda, yoveli gziT aeridebina Tavi wesdebis SemuSavebisaTvis, da, samwuxarod, aRwevdnen mizans, miuxedavad arsebuli mdgomareobis aRmaSfoTebeli aranormalurobisa da didi saSiSroebisa). dabolos, ruseTis mTavrobis kompetencia politikur da saerTo sisxlis samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi, ra Tqma unda, vrceldeba eCmia- Zinzedac. amasTan erTad, mTavrobis kanonieri moTxovnebi yovelTvis ar sruldeba da xSirad upasuxodac ki rCeba, an friad ukadrisi pasuxis mowmeebi vxdebiT. axalwveulTa da sasamarTlo saqmeebis monawileTa mier ficis dadeba, senatis dadgenilebis mixedviT, unda moxdes rusul enaze, mopolitikano samRvdeloeba mRvdlebs ukrZalavs am moTxovnisadmi damorCilebas. ramdenime wlis winaT kaTalikosi telegramiT emuqreboda kavkasiis mmarTvelobas sinodis daxurviT, Tu ar moaSorebdnen misi uwmindesobisaTvis uaRresad arasasurvel skandalur Cinovniks. pasuxis molodinSi sinodi daixura, Semdeg ki, arakanonieri moTxovnis Sesrulebis kvaldakval, sinodi gaixsna axali kondakiT (saeklesio wigniT). saerTod, “kondakebis” gamoyeneba xdeboda uaRresad Taviseburad. magaliTad, kondaki daimsaxura revoluciur-klerikaluri gazeT “arZaganqis” gamomcemelma, romlis tiraJirebac akrZaluli iyo ruseTis mTavrobis mier. somexi patriarqis titulia _ vexapari, e.i. udidebulesoba. mas mimarTaven Semdegi sityvebiT _ wert terutianut, rac niSnavs _ Tqveno umTavresobav. es epiTetebi TavisTavad warmoadgenen politikuri Teokratiis niSnebs, romelic damoukidebelia sxva xelisufalTagan. sinodis wevri arqimandriti vagani da kaTalikosis yofili piradi mdivani da akademiis reqtori naxapetiani mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego agitaciisa da sxva arakanonieri qmedebebisaTvis, misi umaRlesoba xelmwifis nebiT gadasaxlebuli iqnen kavkasiidan, Semdeg ki, isini, kaTalikosma, rus xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, erTi maTgani daniSna naxiWevanis vikarad, meore ki _ kiSiniovis somxuri eklesiis mamulebis mmarTvelad. roca TurqeTSi somexTa pirveli xocva-Jletva gaimarTa revolucionerTa “Semoqmedebis” wyalobiT, ruseTis imperatiulma xelisuflebam sTxova patriarqs raime gamosafxizlebeli sityvis warmoTqma. man ki, pi- riqiT, daiwyo wamaqezebeli qadagebebiT gamosvla, Seqmna “Ramis sifxizlis” jgufebi da amgvari qadagebebi qveyndeboda eCmiaZinis gazeT “araratSi” arqimandrit karapetis xelmoweriT. eCmiaZins gaaCnia veeberTela mamulebi, romlis marTva dRemde did gamocanad rCeba. monastrebSi saguldagulod malaven inventars, qonebaTa siebs, uwyisebs da a.S. xdeba qonebis Sesyidva da misi giraod aReba. ase, magaliTad, romeliRac baton Sax-azizov kamsarakanis qoneba eCmiaZinis monastris mier giraoTi iqna aRebuli. meores mxriv, saeklesio dawesebulebebi sakmaod uxvad maragdebian bankebidan kreditebiT. aseT ekonomikur qaosSi Znelia gansazRvro, Tu ra saxsrebi xmardeba eklesiis saqmeebs da ra ixarjeba SedarebiT naklebi mwarmoeblobiT, religiis TvalsazrisiT. Tu amas davumatebT im faqtsac, rom ramdenime wlis winaT eCmiaZinis erT-erT savaneSi gamoaSkaravdnen iq mokalaTebuli yalbi rusuli fulis niSnis mWrelebi, maSin cxadi xdeba, rom am religiuri centris ekonomikuri suraTis bundovaneba Tavis apogeas aRwevs. somexi xalxis sevdiani istoria gaxlavT im Sedegis nawili, romelic dadga religiuri amocanebisa da ama qveynis saqmeTa erTmaneTSi mniSvnelovnad arevis mizeziT (ai, Targmani im masalisa, romelsac amis Taobaze werda eCmiaZinSi mogzaurobis Semdeg frangi swavluli, baroni debai, romelsac ekuTvnis Cveni samSoblos safrangeTisaTvis safuZvlianad gacnobis pativi rigi wignebisa da broSurebis gamocemis gziT. man ramdenjerme Semoiara kavkasiis yvela kuTxe-kunWuli da misi Txrobis kilo yovelTvis gamoirCeoda zomierebiTa da miukerZoeblobiT. “vuaxlovdebiT sofel varSapats. uwinaresad, Cven vxedavT Zvel, mitovebul wminda rifsimes eklesias, amJamad aRdgenils, CaSavebuli kedliT garemoculs. es eklesia garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi yalb fulismWrelTa TavSesafari iyo. ai, ukve eCmiaZinSi varT, yvela ucxoels aq gulianad xvdebian _ da me sityvebi ar myofnis imis gamosaxatad, Tu rogori Tavazianebi da zrdilebi arian aqauri berebi, romlebic xelerTpirad episkoposis Cins atareben. magram, miuxedavad amdeni madlobis sityvebisa, me mainc gulaxdili unda viyo. am monasterma Cemze ufro politikuri centris STabeWdileba datova, vidre religiurisa. misi uwmindesoba kaTalikosi pativsacemi beria, romelic alersiT iRebs ucxoelebs; mas Zalze daxvewili, di plomatiuri azrovneba gaaCnia; am- boben, rom Tavis qadagebaSi igi xSirad iyenebs qaragmebs...” Tqmulebis sawinaaRmdegod, romelic eCmiaZins me4 saukunis Zeglad Tvlis, arqeologiuri niSnebiT de-bai masEme-15 saukunis Zeglad miiCnevs, xolo kedlis warwerebs sparsuli xelovnebis saxecvlilebad aRiarebs. “uZveles” sagnebs avtori skeptikurad ekideba: “saeklesio salaroSi Senaxul reliqviaTa, maT Soris “wminda aslebis” siZvele sadao gaxada am dargSi Cemze bevrad kompetenturma mecnierma. imdenad, ramdenadac, samwuxarod, monastris arqivi gauCinarda, aRar arsebobs raime cnobebi mis saganZurSi mogrovil sagnebze. naklebad arian dainteresebuli monastris kedlebSi arqeologiuri, istoriuli da mxatvruli samuSaoebis CatarebiT; dRis wesrigSi mxolod dRevandeloba da mimdinare sakiTxebia. adamianebi, romlebic miiCneven, rom aq saxezea inglisisadmi didi simpaTiis kera, odnavac ar scdebian. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, inglisi yovelgvar saSualebas iyenebs, rom gamoiwvios es simpaTia adgilze, aziuri TurqeTis axlo teritoriaze...”). es zians ayenebs somexTa sulieri ganviTarebis saqmes da, raRa Tqma unda, TviT kaTalikosisa da sxva ierarqiebis zneobriv prestiJs. roca gardaicvala kaTalikosi makari, mis Semdeg verc fuli da verc qaRaldi ver moiZies. aris eWvi, rom igi Tavisi sikvdiliT ar momkvdara. albaT aseTive saSualebebiT gamoeTxova sicocxles arqiepiskoposi ieremia, somexi xalxis WeSmariti megobari da, amave dros, ruseTis gulmxurvale erTguli. somxuri saeklesio qonebis sekularizacia (saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi gadacema) gaxlavT daJinebiT-aucilebeli zoma, ara mxolod somexTa Soris simSvidis ganmtkicebisaTvis, aramed imisTvisac, rom somxeTis eklesias mieces Tavisi sulieri wminda misiis ganxorcielebis saSualeba da igi ganTavisufldes sxva ganyenebuli saqmeebisa da ocnebebisagan. (es sityvebi veliCkom dawera 1903 wlis maisis miwuruls, misi umaRlesobisagan 12 ivnisis kanonis damtkicebis Semdeg somxurgrigorianuli eklesiis qonebis marTvis Sesaxeb _ gamomcemeli). ufro metad dawvrilebiTi faqtobrivi monacemebi am sakiTxze SeiZleba vipovoT amonaridebiT batoni r-is statiidan “simarTle saeklesio-sawmyso skolis daxurvis Sesaxeb”, romelic daibeWda “danarTebSi”). rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, somexi xalxi, aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT, mitovebulia TavianTi xelmZRvanelobis mier. mas xelovnurad ryvnian, swyveten ra kacobriobul keTilgonierebas. gagrZeleba iqneba 7 ilori rasambobdnensamegrelozemsoflioSisaxelganTqmuliadamianebi: pirveli berZeni mwerali, romelic icnobs qalaq dioskurias, aris Cvens welTaRricxvamde VI-V saukunis mwerali skilaqs kariandeli... es istorikosi wers: “gelonebis Semdeg cxovroben kolxebi, romelTa miwa-wyalze aris qalaqi dioskuria”. “Cvenamde moRweulia dokumenturi masalebi, romlebiTac mtkicdeba, rom ukve V saukuneSi (Zveli welTaRricxviT) fazisSi duRda cxovreba. mdinare fazissa da qalaq faziss (foTi) kargad icnoben berZeni mwerlebi yvela saukunisa”. “kolxeTSi, foTis maxloblad, IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi arsebula ritorikuli skola, sadac ganaTleba miuRia Temistiosis. Tu romeli iyo es qalaqi Cven ar viciT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Temistiosis sityvaSi naTladaa naTqvami, rom es skola iyo kolxebis qveyanaSi da foTis maxloblad. foTis maxloblad arsebul ritorikul skolaSi ganaTleba miuRia agreTve Temistiosis mamas, evgenioss, romelic Semdeg filosofiis ganTqmuli maswavlebeli iyo konstantinepolSi. kolxeTi, rogorc yoveli araberZnuli qveyana, berZnebisaTvis barbarosuli qveyana iyo, magram Temistiosi xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom kolxeTi uaRresad kulturuli qveyanaa da igi mecnierebisa da xelovnebis centrs (“muzebis taZars”) warmoadgens”. amerikaSi dawyebiTi klasebis saswavlo programaSi homoseqsualuri saxelmZRvanelo Seitanes rodesac aSS-Si homoseqsualizmis legalizaciis procesi jer kidev Zalas ikrebda, ara erTxel gaisma gafrTxileba, rom sodomistebi oficialur aRiarebas ar dasjerdebodnen da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg moiTxovdnen ara marto imas, rom maTi midrekilebebi deviaciad aRar mieCniaT, aramed imasac, rom isini erTaderT normad eRiarebinaT. samwuxarod, es prognozebi mTlianad gamarTlda. homoseqsualistebi, romlebmac ara marto legalurobas, aramed zogierT sruliad konkretul privilegias miaRwies, axla cdiloben, TavianTi Sexedulebebi garSemomyofebs moaxvion Tavs. amasTan, am dros uaRresad cinikurad da agresiulad iqcevian da arafers Takiloben. qvemoT `geisazogadoebebis~ aqtivistTa `ganmanaTlebluri~ moRvaweobis mxolod ramdenime magaliTs gTavazobT. sodomistTa lobistebma moaxerxes, umcrosi klasebis klasgareSe sakiTxavis programaSi SeetanaT skandalurad cnobili ilustrirebuli wigni `tangosTan erTad samni~, romelic homoseqsualizms uwevda propagandas da bavSvebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. am nawarmoebs safuZvlad niu-iorkis zooparkis binadari antarqtikuli pingvinebis homoseqsualuri wyvilis ambavi daedo. pingvinebma roim da sailoum bartyi tango gazardes, romelic zooparkis TanamSromlebis mier volierSi Cadebuli ganayofierebuli kvercxidan gamoiCeka. es bedkruli frinvelebi `geisazogadoebaTa~ kerpebad iqcnen, radgan am epizodSi maT TavianTi mankieri midrekilebis erTgvari `biologiuri dasabuTeba~ dainaxes. Tavis droze roisa da sailous urTierTobas tradiciul ojaxur faseulobebs upirispirebdnen, romlebsac saimperatoro pingvinebi asaxierebdnen. magram sodomistebis savalalod, `cisferi idilia~ myisve dasrulda, rogorc ki volierSi dedali pingvini gamoCnda. sailou mas saswrafod dauwyvilda. Zneli gamosacnobi ar aris, ra simon yauxCiSvili, “ras gviamboben Zveli berZnebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb” _ nawyvetebi. “...qarTuli ena da qarTuli mwerloba iwodeba qarTulad misi istoriuli aRorZinebis erT da erT momentis mixedviT, xolo namdvil da arsebiT axla igi araTu marto qarTulia, “lazebs rom Zvelad kolxebi ewodebodaT da swored isini arian, amaSi eWvi ar epareba aravis, Tu ki is gaecnoba fazisis, kavkasiisa da maT garSemo mdebare qveynis mosaxleobas”. agaTia sqolaqtikosi, VI saukune, n. lomouris “egrisis samefos istoria”-dan. citata-Sexseneba “saqarTveloSi dRes gansakuTrebiT modaSia msjeloba dasavleTis daxmarebaze. miamit, provinciel meocnebeTa es cru imedi gavrcelebuli iqneba manam, sanam sazogadoeba ar Seignebs Tanamedrove msoflios mTavar globalur dapirispirebas “CrdiloeTsa” da “samxRets” Soris, sadac “CrdiloeTi” _ ganviTarebuli qveynebis, planetis mosaxleobis is “oqros miliardi”, romelic iyenebs msoflio resursebis umetes nawils, xolo “samxreTi” _ mTeli danarCeni samyaroa. uxeSad rom vTqvaT, imisaTvis, rom “CrdiloeTma” gaagrZelos mdidruli cxovreba, nedleulisa da sursaTvis msoflio maragis ZiriTadi nawili kvlav moixmaros, “samxreTi” siRatakeSi unda imyofebodes...” (aleqsandre WaWia, 1997 wlis Tebervali) aramed qarTul-megrul-svanuri gaxlavs”. niko mari, “megruli ena”. “lazebi mravalricxovani da meomari xalxia. isini batonoben mraval sxva tomze. lazebi amayobdnen kolxebis Zveli saxeliT da zomaze metad moaqvT Tavi, SesaZloa arc Tu ise usafuZvlod”. “amboben, rom is (igulisxmeba anaklia) im alagas aris gaSenebuli, sadac odesme iyo didi qalaqi, saxelad herakle”. Jan Sardeni, “mogzauroba saqarTveloSi”. “Tumca kolxidisaken gza ase saSiSia da TviT es uxvi qveyana mTlad mooxrebulia, iq suls mainc ar moh- klebia xsna qristes Zvirfasis sisxlis madliTa”. “kolxida mdidaria agreTve RviniT, magram Zlier Raribia puriT“. “miwis muSaobas... kolxidaSi imdenad etanebian, rom yvelas keTilSobilur saqmed miaCnis Tavis yanaSi muSaoba”. “arc erTi eri pativs ara scems miwaTmoqmedebas, rogorc megrelebi. sxvagan yovelgan miwis muSaobas etanebian mxolod dabali xalxi da xepre glexebi. samegreloSi ki rac unda didi gvaris kaci iyos TviTon muSaobs Tavis yanebSi da mohyavs Tavisi sazrdo. es saqme saTakilod rodi miaCniaT”. “cxenebi aq (samegreloSi) ise blomad aris, rom yvela kacs, rac unda Raribi iyos, hyavs Tavisi cxeni, _ varya (ulayi) Tu Waki. dabal xalxs hyavs: vis sami, vis oTxi da vis xuTi cxeni. xolo keTilSobilebs: ormocdaaTi, vis asi da vis orasi. mTavars ki aTasobiT hyavs. sul eyoleba xuTi aTasi varya da Waki... garda cxenebisa, yvelas Tav-Tavisi xarebi hyavs miwis saxnavad da Zroxebi yvelisaTvis. cxvari ki cota hyavT... rac aris, imis matyli ki kargia... blomad hyavT Txebi da Rorebi”. “Cemis mxriT, gamocdilebiT SemiZlia gabedulad vTqva, rom mTel qveynierebaze saukeTeso Tafli kolxidisa aris”. arqanjelo lamberti, “samegrelos aRwera”. ai, riTi modian CvenTan amerikelebi armagedoni orientaciisa iyvnen Tavad niu-iorkis zooparkis TanamSromlebi, romlebmac cocxal arsebebze aseTi idioturi eqsperimenti moawyves. Tumca wigni `sasacilo da sayvarel pingvinukebze~ darCa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSic SeaRwia. am gamocemis garSemo morigi skandali ilinoisis Statis qalaq SiloSi agorda. dawyebiTi skolis umcrosi klasebis mowafeTa mSoblebma moiTxoves, wigni klasgareSe sakiTxavis programidan amoeRoT da skolis biblioTekidanac moeSorebinaT. sagangebod Seqmnilma mSobelTa komitetma axsna-ganmartebisTvis skolis direqtors mimarTa, magram man maTi moTxovnis Sesrulebaze uari ganacxada im sababiT, rom es cenzuris dawesebas niSnavda. manamde mSoblebma analogiuri pretenziebi (aseTive SedegiT) misuris Statis erT-erT skolaSi gamoTqves. anu mSobelTa savsebiT gasagebi da kanonieri moTxovna Sefasda rogorc aratolerantuli, arakoreqtuli, sityvisa da umciresobaTa uflebebis Semlaxveli. Tumca sodomiis propagandis sxva meTodebTan SedarebiT wignis epizodi bavSvur celqobad mogeCvenebaT. 30 homoseqsualistisgan Semdgari banda miCiganis Statis qalaq lensingSi Tavs daesxa qristianul eklesias. zogierTi maTgani SenobaSi Cveulebrivi mrevliviT Sevida, danarCenebi, vardisfer da Sav samosSi gamowyobilni, eklesiasTan Segrovdnen. RvTismsaxurebis dros SenobasTan myofma homoseqsualistebma vedroebze braxuni daiwyes da iesoze binZur frazebs gahyvirodnen. amasTan, maT Tavdayira mohqondaT vardisferi jvari da gamvlelebs bukletebs urigebdnen. Tavis mxriv, eklesiaSi myofi homoseqsualistebi wamodgnen, xmauri atexes da RvTismsaxureba Seawyvetines. Semdeg maT saxanZro signalizacia Camoglijes, pastori kaTedridan gaaZeves da cisartyeliani droSa gaSales warweriT `homoseqsualistoba normaluria!~ homoseqsualistebi yvelanairad cdilobdnen qristianebis uaryofiT reaqciaze provocirebas, raTa es kameriT gadaeRoT. eklesiis Senobas ziani miadga. aqciidan erTi saaTis Semdeg dacvam eklesiaSi sazogadoebriv tualetSi seqsiT garTuli homoseqsualistTa wyvili aRmoaCina. policias isini arc ki daukavebia. kaTolikuri ligis prezidentma bil donahium am SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT aRSfoTeba gamoTqva: `namdvili problema is aris, rom masobrivi informaciis saSualebebma am ambis gaSuqebaze uari Tqves, arada, es 2008 wlis yvelaze sazizRari da aRmaSfoTebeli movlenaa. homoseqsualizmis mowinaaRmdegeTa organizebuli jgufi homoseqsualur `eklesias~ rom dasxmoda Tavs, amas ara marto amerikis yvela StatSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi Seityobdnen. amerikaSi `cisferi~ faSizmi movida. saWiroa misi swrafad SeCereba, sanam jr kidev eqvemdebareba kontrols. Cven ukve davukavSirdiT miCiganis Statis iusticiis ministrs maikl koqss, raTa gamoZieba daiwyos~. am dros ki eqspertebs seriozulad eparebaT eWvi, rom eklesiis darbevaze SeiZleba saqme aRiZras da mas sasamarTlo perspeqtiva hqondes. saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom aSS-Si homoseqsualistebi TavianT mTavar mtrebs religiur organizaciebSi xedaven. rogorc cnobilia, kalifornielebma 4 noembris referendumze erTsqesiani `qorwinebis~ akrZalvas dauWires mxari. homoseqsualistebma, faqtobrivad, fexebze daikides TanamoqalaqeTa neba, mZlavri kontrSeteva wamoiwyes, mTel qveyanaSi uricxvi saprotesto aqcia moawyves da yvela instancia aTasgvari saCivrebiTa da apelaciebiT aavses. referendumis momzadebasa da CatarebaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules religiurma organizaciebma, amitom aqtivisti sodomistebi gansakuTrebuli gaafTrebiT swored maT daatydnen Tavs. erT-erT mTavar samizned maTTvis mormonebi iqcnen. pederastebma mTavrobis umaRles eSelonebSi TavianTi gavlena gamoiyenes da moaxerxes, rom kalifor- niis Statis xelisuflebas mormonTa organizaciis saqmianobis gamoZieba daewyo. gadawyvetileba gamoZiebis dawyebis Sesaxeb keTilsindisieri politikuri saqmianobis komisiis aRmasrulebelma direqtorma roman porterma miiRo, komisiisa, romelic kaliforniaSi saarCevno kanonmdeblobis Sesrulebas uwevs zedamxedvelobas. Statis kanoni yvela im danaxarjze moiTxovs angariSs, romlebsac arCevnebis Sedegebze gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia. mormonTa eklesiam ukve gamoTqva xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisTvis mzadyofna. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, kampaniaSi, romelic noembris referendums uZRoda win, sakvanZo roli Tavad eklesiam ki ara, mravalmilionianma Semowirulobebma Seasrula, romlebic uxucesTa mowodebis pasuxad calkeulma mormonebma da agreTve im adamianebma Seitanes, romlebsac am seqtasTan aranairi kavSiri ara aqvT. rogorc cnobilia, aSS-Si mormonTa religiuri organizaciis difamaciis kampania grZeldeba. misi ramdenime lideri dakavebulia, SarSan gazafxulze texasSi maTi komuna daarbies, xolo iq mcxovreb mormonebs bavSvebi CamoarTves. arsebobs azri, rom am yvelafris ukan `cisferi~ lobi dgas, romelic mormonebs mamaTmavlobis winaaRmdeg Seurigebel brZolas ver patiobs. rac Seexeba kalifornias, referendumis Semdeg sodomistebma mormonebze gailaSqres. mormonTa eklesiebTan mitingebi tardeboda, sadac morwmuneTa mimarT muqara da Seuracxyofa gaismoda, xolo or taZarSi ucnobebma TeTrfxvniliani provokaciuli konvertebi gagzavnes. cxadia, homoseqsualistTa adgilze vinme sxva rom yofiliyo, gamoZiebis federaluri biuro `yurebze dadgeboda~ maTi neitralizaciisTvis. magram amjerad ase ar moxda. sodomistebs aravin uSlis xels oponentTa daSinebaSi. Znelia, ar daeTanxmo bil donahius _ amerikaSi `cisferi~ faSizmi movida. politikuri Tavisuflebis centri soso SatberaSvili 8 ilori xsovnis striqonebi nawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan “bulaTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli mamuliSvili da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze fifia, gTavazobT gazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva poetis dabadebidan. igi 28 wlis asakSi Seiwira politikurma uamindobam _ samSoblos siyvaruliT gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis TebervalSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zugdidis samazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagandisti. dapatimrebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mesame kursze swavlobda. daniel fifia Sqa seri re, ukumela, Wvencg gimantireni Tis; ToliSe kiTi vemiRine sinTe vare koCiSi Tis. mindori vaCqu muki-muki wyari qvanTg moriaTg, irfeli arTo gonorTgme kircxg, Wvima, boriaTg. mini gvalaSe geurqencg, mini zRva do elaxgSe, muSi dudiSo ikvarkvantg Warkonia melaxgSe. Raluefi gayalebe rCxvianc do Sxufingncg, okong inggri rdasi TeSi marTuT inoxuxingncg. kaWa neZiSi maSxva kircx mindorcg wgmoturingcng; ndemiSi kocg aSqurine Tical tyvacgnc, gurgingncg. enwerc sodeTi koCiSi yude sanTeliTg vegore, sodeTi Sara koCiSiol bardefiSa veiSgore; sodeTi xvale tura, ngeri yurancg, wgmowkufingcg Tecali dixas, Tejgua sercg, muokodas mosofuncu. tura reno? TunTi reno? ngeri ren do oCo koCi! qaji reno!.. njilo reno! notyi ren do vari koCi? ena ore bulaTia Cqini lersiSi aramxutu meurc muSi mayaleSa namus saxeli joxo utu. Te utu re eTi utu namuq Wkorefi aabuntu, muSi saxeli uRuralg istorias qgdoutu. utuTi Wkad goxolgna bulaTia wkgma nardi, jgiri furiSi gingajina qomoli re eli-vali. CgCqinobas arTo rdilemcg amdRaTi uyorcg arTiani. utus bulaSi osxunuri qiyanas muTa yuncu. arTiSi gaWirebaSeni maJira vezogencg ducu _ do Taqire bulaTia meurcg qariSi mamalasg, elg arT guri mayaleSe muSiu WuaSi malamasg. meurc, meurc uzogaro, okgn ordasni dRaSi, mefurinuncia Tqua cxevcg gexe muTi raSi. Zigiri, bardi, ibli-Sxercg meurc burini buriniT, nTxorili, nanwyvi dorekemc sxapunc turini tiruniT. ducu baSlayu kinakirg, qignuqunu nabadi, mitatarg muTaT moCqg kircxg do WvimaSi rabadi. bulaTia SuaRame wkvaramuli, ciT Camodis kokiT Rvari, TvalTan TiTsac ver miitan minavlula fiqris kvaric. ar Cans are, mxolod amCnev wylis tborebis moiadas, yvelaferi SenivTula koxad, wvimad, boriada. xan rom mTidan dauberavs, xan zRvauri ganuria, xan bzrialiT atrialebs _ Warkontulad auria. Releebi gadmomskdara Rvarcofuli mZlavri nebiT, TioTqos isic enguria gasCenia morevebi. nigvzis tola setyva-koxi mindvrad aris mosaxveti, devkacsac ki SeaSinebs rac aq xdeba mexTatexiT. sad ewerSi kacis saxli sanTliTac ver iZebneba, sad Saragza kacT savali bardnarebSi STainTqmeba, sadac marto mgeli, tura iymuvlebs da iboginebs am areSi aseT Rames ra aris rom mojliginebs. turaa Tu daTvi aris, tyiuric xom mamacia, an qajia, an devia, anda iqneb tyiskacia? ara, gaxlavT bulaTia Cveni leqsis aramxutu miiswrafvis megobarTan vis saxelad hqvia utu. es utua igi utu vinac ymebi aamxedra, vinc saxeli samarado istorias CaaWeda. utuc erTi mWedelia bulaTiasTan Sezrdili, siavkargis mnaxveli da vaJkacia gamocdili. bavSvobidan erTurTisken eZaxodaT azri, neba, malia male sexvedrodnen ase hqondaT dapireba. utus bulas sanacvalo qveyanaze arvin uvis, erTmaneTis gaWirvebas Tavs anacvlebs TviTeuli. iqiT miqris bulaTia, mitom cdilobs gamalebas, gamoelis megobrisgan satkivaris daamebas. miiswrafvis uzogarad, mze naTobdes TiTqos caSi, gegoneba mifrinavso bulaTias cxeni-raSi. ekal-bardi, iel-Sqeri, Txrilia Tu namewyrali, dabrkolebad aRar uCans elvasaviT gadevleba. Tavs baSliyi Semoukravs, miucia nabads oxi, miSliginobs, arad uCans es avdari, wvima-koxi. m a f a l u b o l o T q m a saTanado istoriis wyaroebis myar safuZvelze cxadi xdeba, rom imdroindel saqarTveloSi yvela sxva politikur partiaTa Soris yvelaze Tanmimdevruli patriotuli erovnuldemokratiuli partiis wevrebis, maswavlebel stefane gaguas da student mixeil kankavas iniciativiT, maT mier 1918-1919 wlebSi foTsa da senakSi daarsebuli “mafalus” jgufi miznad isaxavda carizmis koloniuri uRlisagan ganTavisuflebuli saqarTvelos mSobliuri kuTxis, samegrelos kulturul dawinaurebas. am mizniT isini cdilobdnen saerTo erovnuli, qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis megruli gamovlinebis, saukuneebis manZilze dagrovili uZvirfasesi folkloruli masalisa da arqeologiis nimuSTa gamovlena-Sekrebas da saerTo erovnul saunjed warmoCenas. amasTanave, “mafalus” jgufis Seqmnis iniciatorma stefane gaguam, damoukidebel demokratiul saqarTveloSi ganaxorciela samegrelos pirveldawyebiT qarTul skolebSi, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi da literaturuli enis ucodinari bavSvebisaTvis maTi dedaena megrulis gamoyenebiT swavleba. mas amasTanave miaCnia, rom damoukidebeli saqarTvelos momZlavrebis kvalobaze, saWiro iyo msoflio da qarTuli progresuli pedagogiuri azris gaTvaliswinebiT qarTulis armcodne (upiratesad socialurad mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi) megrel glexTa SvilebisaTvis pirveldawyebiTi swavlebis ganxorcieleba maTTvis gasagebi eniT. “mafalus” jgufis liderebma TavianTi kulturuli mizandasaxulobebis megruli enis safuZvelze ganxorcielebisa da popularobis miRwevis mizniT gamoiyenes cnobili qarTveli erovnuli moRvawisa da samegrelos mkvidris, iona meunargias dasaflavebaze SekrebilTa, maT Soris megreli glexebis simravle. maT samgloviaro mitingze da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva politikuri partiebis warmomadgenelTa erovnul-politikuri Sinaarsis sityvebs Soris, “mafalus” warmomadgenlis m. kankavas saxiT, umravlesobisaTvis gasageb megrul enaze warmoaCines gansvenebulis Rvawlis mSobliuri kuTxisa da xalxisaTvis sasikeTo Rirebuleba. magram “mafalus” sazogadoebisaTvis popularobis mopovebis nacvlad, m. kankavas mier megrul enaze da samegrelos kuTxuri interesebis magaliTze sajarod warmoTqmulma sityvam, axalgazrda, suverenul-demokratiuli saxelmwifoebrivi funqciebis ganmtkiceba-gaZlierebis gzaze mdgomi saqarTvelos interesebis damcveli samgloviaro mitingis damswreTa da politikosTa erT nawilSi, romelTac kargad axsovT carizmis rusifikatorebisa da maTi damqaSebis mier megruli enis gamoyenebiT saqarTvelos daSla-daqucmacebis mcdeloba, gamoiwvia usafuZvlo eWvi da uaryofiTi reaqcia. “mafaluelebis” mier megrul enaze gacxadebuli m. kankavas sityva, imdroindeli saqarTvelos uaRresad rTuli politikuri viTarebis, qarTuli politikuri partiebis mwvave urTierTdapirispirebisa da Sidapartiuli konfliqtebis dros, maTi WeSmariti miznebisa da swori qmedebebis miuxedavad, zogma gaukuRmarTebulad gaigo. gamoCndnen pirovnebebi, romlebmac sakuTari xedviT, “mafalueloba“ antierovnul wamowyebad, axali megruli avtonomiuri politikuri partiis daarsebis mizniT xalxSi gadasrolili saprogramo sityvis mniSvnelobiT gaiazra. maT ver amoicnes, rom “mafaluelTa“ kulturuli saqmianoba samegrelos regionSi erovnuldemokratiuli partiis suliskveTebis erTgvar gamovlinebasac warmoadgenda, radgan igi am gziTac isaxavda Tavisi partiis garSemo masebis mobilizeba-darazmvas. mafalus mimarT gansakuTrebiT mtruli damokidebuleba gamoavlines erovnul-demokratebisadmi opoziciurad ganwyobili socialist-federalistebisa da samTavrobo socialdemokratiuli (menSevikuri) partiebis megrelma warmomadgenlebma ak. kobaxiZem da S. CoCiam. maT TavianTi partiebis mTavar organogazeTebSi “erTobasa” da “saxalxo saqmeSi” “mafalu”-s liderebis winaaRmdeg gamosqveynes aSkarad upasuxismgeblo, mtruli Sefasebebis Semcveli statiebi, romlebSic maT daswames saqarTvelos mimarT mtruli avtonomisturi miswrafebebis mqone partiul-politikuri saqmianoba. aRniSnulma yalbma Sefasebebma am gazeTebis mkiTxvelsa da ambis gamgebi qarTveli sazogadoebis erT nawils “mafalus” jgufis da misi damaarseblis Sesaxeb Seuqmna mcdari, antierovnulmegruli partikularuli miswrafebis STabeWdileba. amiT Seiqmna ara marto “mafalu”s saqmianobis diskreditirebis, aramed misi daarsebis iniciatorebis samSoblos moRalateebad Seracxvis saSiSroeba. uaRresad autaneli Seiqmna “mafalu”-s ideis mTavari iniciatorisa da erovnuli patrioti pedagogis stefane gaguas piradi mdgomareoba, magram maTama Sinaganma marTalma, erovnulma poziciam da damfrTxali gonebis patriotebis mier gayalbebulis simarTlis aRdgenis brZolis aucileblobam stefane gaguasa da mixeil kankavasagan moiTxova brZola maT winaaRmdeg wamowyebuli partiul-politikanuri ciliswamebis mosagerieblad. isini mowodebis simaRlezec aRmoCndnen. am brZolis gamovlinebas warmoadgenda TiToeul maTganze presaSi gamoqveynebuli realuri simarTlia princi pulad da damajereblad warmomCeni werilebi, agreTve st. gaguas mier S. CoCias cilismwamebluri werilis gamo obieqtur samediatoro sasamarTloSi gamowveva. “mafalu”-s cilismwamebelTa da misi realuri mizandasaxulobis warmomCenTa polemikurma werilebma, st. gaguas ubis wignakis piradi Canawerebis Sinaarsma, ak. kobaxiZis mier polemikis gagrZelebaze uaris ganmacxadebelma werilma, agreTve neitraluri samediatoro sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamoqveynebam da “mafalueli” st.gaguas da m.kankavas saqmianobis Semfasebeli cnobili patriotebis daxasiaTebebma cxadi gaxada “mafalu”-s da misi organizatorebis namdvili miznebi. amiT damtkicda agreTve “mafalu”-s iniciatorebis ara mxolod kuTxuri, aramed, agreTve erovnul-patriotuli mizandasaxuloba da praqtikuli saqmianoba. magram maT winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli cilismwamebluri Tavdasxmebi imdenad binZuri zemoqmedebis Zalis mqone aRmoCnda, rom “mafalu”-s da mis xelmZRvanelobas waarTva kulturul-polemikuri moRvaweobis Semdgomi gaSlis miswrafeba. amiT “mafalu”-s jgufs moespo Tavisi uaRresad saWiro mizandasaxulobis da samegrelos magaliTze saerTo erovnuli Rirebulebis mqone kulturuli monapovris Semdgomi gamovlenis survili. “mafalu”-s marTalia, praqtikulma gamocdilebam erovnul-patriotebis meore nawilSi mxardaWera da dadebiTi Sefaseba hpova, magram, amave dros, “mafalu”-s da misi iniciatorebis mimarT gamoTqmulma cilismwameblurma argumentebma, avtonomisturi mizandasaxulobis yalbma braldebebma, Seqmnes is araobieqturi yalbi sayrdeni informaciuli baza, romelmac SesaZlebeli gaxada “mafalu”-s Semdgomi saqmianobisa da istoriis yalbi versiis Seqmna da sabWoTa komunisturi saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis pirobebSi am yalbi istoriis provokaciuli miznebiT gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. 9 ilori samegrelodasvaneTi am wignis avtoris, korneli borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kariera kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer mTavarmarTeblis kancelariaSi muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels) samegrelos dedofalTan miavlines miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da misi Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels dainiSna senakis olqis ufrosad, sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored aq gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleobis yofas, romelic sainteresod aRwera Tavis wignSi. borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod vrclad aris gadmocemuli osmaleTis jarebis mier samegrelos awiokeba, romelic Semdeg rusma jariskacebma alagmes. korneli borozdini Cven erTmaneTs gavSordiT da arc ki vfiqrobdi, Tu rodisme Sevxvdebodi. magram ai ase ociod wlis Semdeg peterburgSi erTis saucxovo kabinetis kedelze moulodnelad Cemi Tvali daaSterda raRac nacnobs, metad farTe zomis suraTze gamosaxuls. axlos mivedi, davakvirdi da gamouTqmelis sixaruliT vicani igive alaznis veli, romelic ase Zlier awuxebda Cems nacnob peizaJists. velis sintezi metad mxatvrulad iyo gadmocemuli. etyoboda, suraTis Semomqmeds zeSTagoneba gamosCenoda kavkasiidan Sors, aq, CrdiloeTSi. magram Tu ki alaznis veli saucxovo sayurebelia mis garSemo mdebare maRlobebidan, martvilidan da saxarbediodan rionis velis yureba ufro saamoa; foni velisa, romelic daserilia auarebel da erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTul did da patara mdinareebiT, Tavdeba zRvis silurjiT; gverdiT, marcxniv, miedineba mwkrivi aWaris mTebisa, Tovlian mwvervalebiani, xolo marjvniv _ samurzayanos da afxazeTis mTebi. panorama gadaWimulia mTel as oTxkuTx versis manZilze; suli gigubdeba, roca am Tvaluwvdenel sivrces uyureb. da aseT daxatul CarCoSi bunebam Casva kavkasiis erTi unayofieresi velTagani, sadac xarobs Zalze mravalferi kultura mcenareTa samefoTagan. aqaur miwas araviTari xelovnuri gapativeba sWiria, ise xorbali erT-ormocdaaTad modis; simindi da Romi (mil d’Italie) pirdapir saarako mosavals iZlevian; kargad modis bamba, umaRlesi xarisxis TuTuni, romelic bazrobaze osmaluri TuTunis saxeliT saRdeba; TuTis xe da vazi yovel ezoSia, da meabreSumeoba da meRvineoba. jer mxolod adgilobrivs saWiroebas akmayofilebs, magram erTic da meorec moelis kapitals, rom gavrceldes da sazRvargareT gatanis sagnad gadaiqces. samegrelos mTavrebma odiTganve amoirCies samyofel adgilebad ori punkti TavianT samflobelos mowinaaRmdege samzRvrebze. erTia afxazeTis mezoblad, inguridan ramodenisame verstis manZolze, _ daba zugdidi, xolo meorea _ imereTis sazRvarze, mTagorian adgilas, cxeniswylis xeobis maxloblad, _ daba gordi. mTavari zamTrobiT zugdidSi scxovrobda. es daba ganTqmuli iyo Tavisi mSvenieri baRiT; gordi iyo _ sazafxulo rezidencia, mdidari mTis wyaroebiT da naqebi saR haeriT. am or dabas garda, salxinosa da abasTumanSi, romelnic agreTve mTavris sakuTrebas Seadgendnen, da ramdensame batoniSvilebis mamulebSi Tu naxavdiT samegreloSi, Cvens mier aRweril dros, Cvenebur saxlebis msgavsebs. aqaurebi cxovrobdnen yavriT gadaxurul jargvalebSi, romelsac ori kari hqonda win da ukan, an wknelisgan mownul da isliT gadaxurul facxebSi. am farRalala sacxovrebel binebs kargad datkepnili miwuri iataki hqondaT, romlis Sua gulSi mudmivad enTo cecxli, xolo kedlebis gaswvriv ganieri taxtebi idga, qeCeb an Wilobgadafarebuli; am taxtebze idga zandukebi, romlebSiac elaga Sinauri rame-rume, da dakecili logini. ai ase Raribulad iyo morTuli saxli glexisac da Tavadisac, da maSindeli moxucebi, romelTac axsovdaT, rogori iyo samegrelo ruseTTan SemoerTebamde, aseT mowyalebasac mdidrulad Tvlidnen. da marTlac bunebrivis simdidriT uxv da bednier geografiul pirobebSi moqceul qveynis mcxovrebTa bedi istoriul warsulSi metad savalalo iyo. am oras wels winaT Sardeni ase gvixasiaTebs samegrelos: “maRali wodeba, _ ambobs mogzauri, Tavis qveSemrdomTa sicocxlisa da qonebis patronia, imas uSvreba, rac unda: waarTmevs cols, Svilebs, SeuZlia gahyidos da moixmaros yvelafrisaTvis, rac moeqeifeba. yovel glexs moaqvs Tavis batonTan amdeni da amdeni sawyao xorbali, amdeni da amdeni saqoneli, Rvino da sxva sameurneo nawarmoebi, ase rom mebatonis simdidre ganizomeba im glexebis ricxviT, romlebic mas hyavs ymebad. yoveli glexi inaxavs mebatones Tavis sasmel-saWmelze erT, or an sam dRes weliwadSi, amitom umaRlesi wodeba mTelis wlis ganmavlobaSi erT adgilidan meore adgilas gadadis da piridan lukmas aclis Taviss, da zogjerac sxvis glexebs. es garemoeba xSirad ukmayofilebis mizezad xdeba, xolo am ukmayofilebas erTmaneTis sisxlis Rvrac mohyveba. mTavaric amnairadve cxovrobs, ase rom yovelTvis Znelia gaigoT misi sadmyofoba. TavisTan erTad dahyavs mTeli Tavisi ojaxi, qalebi, bavSvebi, mosamsaxureni, stumrebi, elCebi da sxva sapatio ucxoelebi, roca eseni masTan stumrad arian; yovelive es uSvelebel amalas Seadgens kidev im mizeziT, rom bargi mxrebze an Tavebze Semodebuli miaqvs naxevrad SiSvel, qveiTa kacebs. am ayra-dayris dros mTavari krebs xarjs, da sadac xarki ar ergeba, imis magivrad ZRvens aZleven. gza-gza arCevs saCivrebs da davas, gzaze miarTmeven xolme Txovnebs da xSiraT saqmeebs aqve arCevs an da modaveebs iq ibarebs, sadac Rame unda gaaTios. roca sxvadasxva mebatonis ymebs erTmaneTSi Cxubi mouvaT, maT mebatoneebi Searigeben; xolo roca TviT mebatoneni waiCxubebian, saqmis gadamwyveti _ Ronea. vinc ufro Ronieria, marTalic isaa. aseT SemTxvevaSi yvelani erTnairad iqcevian: Tavs daesxmian mow- inaaRmdegi saqonels, mis vasalebs, saxlebs, saxnav-saTess; itaceben, cecxls ukideben da, bolos, roca mosatacebeli araferi eqnebaT, Zirianad amoagdeben vazebs, TuTisa da xexilis xeebs. Tu mtradgadakidebuli mxareebi erTmaneTs Sexvdebian, sisxlis dauRvrelad saqme ar gaTavdeba. susti da uRono mTavarsa sTxovs mfarvelobas, romelic manamde ar Caereva CxubSi; magram raki Caereva, imiT iwyebs, rom damnaSaves sapatio mociquls ugzavnis da mtradgadakidebulebs erTmaneTs Searigebs. magram aseTi Serigeba mkvidri ar aris da pirvelsave marjve SemTxvevaSi kvlav atydeba Cxubi. samegreloSi iseTi aznauri ar moipoveba, rom sxvasTan mtroba ara hqondes da naCxubari ara hyavdes, da amitom megrelebi iaraRs ar iSoreben da erTTavad Sinaymebi axlavan“. Sardens Semdeg, sanamde samegrelo ruseTis qveSemrdomobas miiRebda, aq, osmaleTis mTelis asis wlis mZime batonobis wyalobiT, araferi gamocvlila, da es kargad Cans 1804 wels imereTisa da guriis yofil mmarTvelis litvinovis aRwerilobisagan. “Tavadebi _ ambobs litvinovi _ TavianTis xelqveiTebis despotebi iyvnen da ymebis qoneba maT ekuTvnodaT. ganaTleba ganisazRvreboda adamianis umTavres saWiroebis dakmayofilebiT. mTavrebi da Tavadebi TiTqmis momTabare cxovrebas eweodnen; qoxi, karavi an xSirtotebiani xe _ maTi sasaxle iyo. saWmel-sasmels is sofeli aZlevda, sadac miadgebodnen da am sofelSi manamde cxovrobdnen, sanam ymebs mTel marags ar gamoulevdnen... ai, rogori iyo samegrelo mdgomare saukunis dasawyisSi da rogori axsovT igi Cems nacnobs moxucebs. 1803 wlis qristeSobisTvis 4-s mTavarma grigol dadianma mTel Tavis xalxiTurT ruseTis xelmwifis qveSemrdomoba miiRo im pirobiT-ki, rom TviTon SerCenoda avtonomia yvela samoqalaqo saqmeebSi, xolo xels iRebda Tavis vasalebis pirovnebasa da sicocxleze sisxlis samarTlis uflebaze da am uflebas rusis imperators xelSi abarebda. amis Semdeg mTavris uflebis mniSvneloba arsebiTad icvleboda. raki dadians ganusazRvreli ufleba hqonda TvisTa qveSemrdomTa sicocxleze, maTs qonebas ise uyurebda, rogorc Taviss sakuTrebas, romelsac iZlevoda sasargeblod da samflobelod im pirobiT, rom visac miscemda, misi erTguli da morCili yofiliyo, Tu am pirobas daarRvevda, mamuli CamoerTmeoda, Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom praktika yovelTvis ki ar eTanxmeboda Teorias. yovelive damokidebuli iyo TviT mTavris pirovnebaze da mis garSemo myof partiaze, romelic umTavresad Seadgenda miss dasayrden Zalas. rogorc Tavad Ciqovanebis gvaris Camomavali, yovelT uwinares mTavari am gvarovnobas eyrdnoboda da mere mTels maRal wodebas, romlis pirdapiri daniSnuleba iyo: iaraRiT daecva mTavari mezobel imereTis, guriis da afxazeTis mTavrebis Tavdasxmebisagan; dadiani am mTavrebs niadag eomeboda, karav qveS atarebda Taviss sicocxles da ar SeeZlo efiqrna Tavis mamulebis keTilmowyobisaTvis. masTan uxvad mohqondaT yvelaferi, rac saWiro iyo TviTon misTvis, mis ojaxisa da garSemomyofTaTvis: Rvino, puri, Tevzi, frinveli, Zroxebi, batknebi, nanadirevi da sxva. yovelive es mzamzareuli hqonda. raki amiT dakmayofilebuli iyo, vasali Tu rasme samsaxurs gauwevda an rasme uZRvnida, ar ezogeboda samagierod eboZebina miwa da glexebi, da amiT mas araferi akldeboda. rac ufro meti sCndeboda miwis mflobeloba da rac ufro matulobda miwis dammuSavebeli xeli, miT ufro viTardeboda adgilobrivi warmoeba. amnair sayofacxovrebo pirobebSi, mTavars iSviaTad sWirdeboda gamoeCina Tavisi ufleba TvisTa qveSemrdomTa sicocxlesa da sikvdilze, erTis mxriT, imitom, rom misTvis pirdapir xelsayreli iyo _ maTTan TanxmobiT ecxovrna, da meores mxriv, imitom, rom rogorc imas undoda, ise ver moeqceoda yvelas. maRali wodeba muxls idrekda mis winaSe wminda aR- mosavluris monuri morCilebiT, magram es morCileba mxolod garegnulad iyo gamoxatuli, namdvilaT ki am wodebas isev damoukideblad eWira Tavi, rogorc poloneTis Sliaxtas. xelis aRmarTva romelisame urC Tavadis winaaRdeg arc ise advili saqme iyo, imas mxarSi amoudgeboda erTi ki ara, ramdenime gvarovnoba Tavadebisa, da aRmasrulebeli ufleba mTavrisa xSirad uZluri gamodgeboda. roca ruseTis qveSemrdomoba miiRo samegrelom, SigniT mSvidoba damyarda. maRals wodebas daekarga mudmivis samxedro organizaciis mniSvneloba, yoveli mis wevrTagani mSvidobian memamuled gadaiqca da Tavis miwa-wylis SemosavliT daiwyo cxovreba. raki mTavari saxeliT itovebda mTels teritoriaze sakuTrebis uflebas, roca maRali wodeba mudmivi samxedro begarisagan gaanTavisufla, am wodebisagan ramdenime nawili saadgilmamulo renta unda moeTxovna, da es moTxovna srulebiT logikuri iqmneboda, magram grigol dadianma es veRar moaswro; roca ruseTis qveSemrdomobis fici dasdo, amis Semdeg male gardaicvala, amboben, solomon mefis agentebma mowamleso. Svili levani patara bavSvi darCa da srulwlovani rom gaxda, mainc da araviTari mainc midrekileba gamouCenia samegrelos marTva-gamgeobis saqmisadmi. arc momzadeba miuRia amisaTvis da arc sakmao ganaTleba. saqmis keTeba mosawyenad miaCnda, ufro nadirobis trfiali iyo, sulmudam exvia garSemo gundi da gundi mxiarul moqeife ymawvilebisa; bunebiT gulkeTili da udardeli iyo. da Tavis xalxsac Zalian uyvarda. mTavarTagani levani pirveli iyo, romelic ruseTis xelmwifis mfarvelobis qveS stkbeboda Tavisi qveynis mSvidobiani cxovrebiT da Sinaur myudroebiT. srulebiT bednierad Tvlidnen Tavs Tavis mdgomareobiT da amaze mets aras hnatrobda. yulevisa (redut-kale) da anakliis daTmobisaTvis, sadac axla sabaJoebi iyo mowyobili, mTavrobisagan axla wliurad oras Tumans Rebulobda; amas emateboda Cveulebriv misarTmevi sasmel-saWmelsa da isic Tavs metad mdidar kacad Tvlida. rogorc marTva-gamgeobisa, ise saojaxo yvela saqmes ganagebda misi naTesavi (didi niko), romelsac usazRvrod endoboda, magram miuxedavad amisa, levani mkafiod grZnobda, Tu ra mTavruli uflebebi hqonda Tavis teritoriaze da es yvelaze ukeTesad sCans erT metad saintereso faqtisagan. 1832 wels samegrelo moiara, rogorc turistma, mdidarma ostzeelma memamulem grafma Stakelbergma. grafs saSinlad moewona mSvenieri buneba, hava da mcenareuloba samegrelosi, yvelaferma metad daainteresa, xolo stumarTmoyvare mTavarma xom sul mohxibla. Stakelbergs azraT mouvida iq axalSeni daearsebina ostzeel germanelebisa da latvielebisagan da es azri levans gauziara; levanma didi sixaruliT aRuTqva daxmareba am saqmis ganxorcielebaSi da TviTon grafsa sTxova axalSenisatvis adgilis arCeva. Stakelbergma guldasmiT moiara samegrelo, yvelaferi daaTvaliera da airCia cxenis-wylis napiras mdebare adgili, sadac dRes sofeli xunwia. levans sawinaaRmdego araferi uTqvams da orTavem formaluri xelSekruleba dasdes, romelic Semowmebul iqna saqarTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo palatis mier. Stakelbergi kisrulobda Tavis xarjiT gadmoeyvana da aq daesaxlebina xuTasi kolonisti orive sqesisa, xolo levani aZlevda samudamo samflobelod sulze aT desetinas, da TiToeul desetinaze xuT Saursa sTxovda saijaro fulsa. grafi aqedan wavida da Tavisi piroba ratomRac ar Seusrulebia; levani ki mzad iyo, vinc am miwaze cxovrobdnen Tavadebi Tu aznaurebi, gamoucxada, ambavi moniva Tu ara axalmoSeneni samSoblodan gamovleno, Stakelbergis mier amorCeuli miwebi unda gaaTavisufloTo. aqedan cxadia, rom Tavisi qveSemrdomebis mTelis samiwawylo qonebas Taviss sakuTrebada Tvlida. 10 ilori ra ici Seni mSobliuri kuTxis Sesaxeb? ra ici Seni mSobliuri kuTxis Sesaxeb? samegrelo samegrelos teritorias geologiur agebulebaSi monawileoben mezozouri da kainozuri asakis metnaklebad gansakuTrebuli liTologiuri Sedgenilobis vulkanogenuri da danaleqi qanebi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinera, samegrelos geologiuri ganviTarebis istoriaSi gamoiyofa ori ZiriTadi etapi, mezozouri da kainozouri. rogorc msoflio istoriis gauxunari furclebi RaRadeben, WeSmaritad uZvelesi kulturuli da religiuri tradiciebis mqone gaxlavT saqarTvelos erT-erTi ulamazesi mxare _ kolxeTi. ioane antioqieli jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde meSvide saukuneSi werda: “iazonma da misma mxleblebma, pontos zRviT kolxeTs miRweulebma, moi poves medea da egreTwodebuli oqros sawmisi. es is ki ar iyo, rogorc poeturad gadmogvcemen, aramed iyo wigni tyavze naweri, romelic Seicavda imis aRweras, Tu rogor SeiZleba miiRoT oqro qimiis saSualebiT”. “istoriis mamad” wodebuli herodote Zveli welTaRricxvis mexuTe saukuneSi xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom: “kolxebs odesRac damwerloba hqondaTo”. mkiTxvelo, kargad daakvirdiT herodotes mier moyvanil sityvas “odesRac”, romelic istoriis didi xnis winaT miviwyebul mozrdil epoqalur periods aRniSnavs. da es epoqaluri periodi ki yvela drois udidesi istorikosis mier fiqsirdeba CvenTvis marTlac Soreul warsulSi – daaxloebiT ocdaxuTi saukunis win. amasve adasturebs Cvens welTaRricxvamde jer kidev mexuTe saukuneSi ZvelberZeni mecnieris apolonios rodoselis mier gakeTebuli werilobiTi daskvna: “kolxebs Senaxuli aqvT mamaTgan naweri kvirbebi, romlebzec irgvliv mogzaurTaTvis naCvenebia zRvisa da xmeleTis yvela gza da sazRvari”. eWvsgareSea, rom aq saubaria metad zust geografiul ruqebze, romelic iqmneboda msoflio civilizaciis gariJraJze – Cvens welTaRricxvamde daaxloebiT meore an mesame aTaswleulSi. es gaxldaT dro, rodesac msoflios mraval xalxebs elementaruli warmodgenac ki ar gaaCndaT aramc Tu ruqebze, aramed, saerTod, geografiaze, rogorc konkretul saganze. megrelebi qarTuli enis erT-erT sakmaod gansxvavebul kiloze molaparake nawils warmoadgenen qarTveli erisa. warmosadgenad imisa, Tu rogori gansxvavebaa megrulsa da qarTuls Soris, romelic yvela qarTveluri modgmis tomisTvis saerTo saliteraturo enaa, germaneli mkiTxvelisaTvis kmara imis aRniSvna, rom gagebinebis koeficienti megrulis armcodne sxva kuTxis mkvidr qarTvelsa da megrels Soris am ukanasknel kiloze saubrisas bevrad didia, vidre bavariulad an saqsonurad molaparake germanuli enis am dialeqtis armcodne germanelis mier. megrelebi, romelTa samkvidrebeli Savi zRvis aRmosavleTi sanapiro warmoadgenda da maTi eniT tyupiscali lazebi (Wanebi), romlebic uZvelesi droidan Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze mkvidrobdnen, Zvel kolxTa STamomavlebi arian. Zveli welTaRricxvis meToTxmete-mecxre saukuneebSi, zogi mkvlevaris kompetenturi azriT, arsebobda Zveli kolxuri samefo, romlis simdidre asaxulia zemoTxsenebul berZnul miTSi oqros sawmisis Sesaxeb. Zveli welTaRricxvis meeqvse-meore saukuneebSi arsebobda Sua kolxuri samefo, romelic erT-erTi pirveli Wrida monetebs da romelic numizmatikur mecnierebaSi kolxuri TeTris saxeliTaa cnobili. daaxloebiT Zveli welTaRricxvis III-e wels pontos mefe miTridate mee- citata-Sexseneba TurqeTTan urTierTmoqmedebiTa da urTierTgagebiT dagegmili dasavleTis miznebi kavkasiaSi zustad aris gamoxatuli megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb germanul-Turqul xelSekrulebaSi, romelic dadebul iqna 1942 wlis 18 ivniss da iTvaliswinebda: 1. amierkavkasiis qveynebis konfederaciis Seqmnas germaniisa da TurqeTis erToblivi proteqtoratis qveS; 2. mTiel xalxTa konfederaciis Seqmnas CeCneT-inguSeTis, daRestnis, samxreT da CrdiloeT oseTis, yabardo-balyareTis, adiReis, yaraCai-CerqezeTis da afxazeTis SemadgenlobiT; 3. TurqeTisaTvis samxreTdasavleT saqarTvelos (mesxeTis), aWarisa da naxiWevanis raionis gadacemas, yarabaRis somxebisaTvis dabrunebas; 4. samegrelos gamoyofas (dedaqalaqi _ foTi) da misi germaniis “gansakuTrebuli interesebis zonad” gamocxadebas. (aleqsandre WaWia, 1997 wlis Tebervali) qvse evpatorma SesZlo kolxTa mefis damarcxeba da am samefos damorCileba. amiT damTavrda Sua kolxuri samefos arseboba. Zveli welTaRricxvis 65-e wels kolxeTi omiT daipyres romaelebma, pompeusis sardlobiT, magram mas mainc SeunarCunes TviTmmarTveloba. maT kolxeTis mmarTvelad dasves vinme aristarxe, romelmac Zveli welTaRricxvis 52-e wels Tavisi monetac ki moWra da Zveli welTaRricxvis 47-e wlamde ganagebda kolxeTs. amis Semdeg kolxeTi romaelTa sabrZanebeli Seiqmna, magram kolxebi maT batonobas urigdebodnen mxolod imitom, rom Zveli welTaRricxvis 33-e wels is romaelebma SeuerTes maT xelqveiTad qceul pontos samefos, romlis mosaxleobis umetesoba kolxuri modgmis tomebi _ lazebi da Wanebi Seadgendnen da amitom es samefo kolxur-romaul saxelmwifos warmoadgenda. daaxloebiT axali welTaRricxvis 63-e wels romaelebma gaauqmes pontos samefo da is romis provinciad gamoacxades. amas, 69 wels kolxebma, monadyofili aniketis meTaurobiT, romelic pontos samefos flotis sardlobamde iyo aRzevebuli, ajanyebiT upasuxes. romaelebma moRalateTa daxmarebiT aniketi Sei pyres. ajanyeba damarcxda, magram kolxebs amis Semdegac ar SeuwyvetiaT brZola dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg. amave xanebSi aRdgenili iqna kolxeTis samefo. axali welTaRricxvis 114-117 wlebSi imaT Soris, vinc mfarvelobaSi miiRo romis imperatorma traianem, kolxebis mefecaa moxsenebuli. am axal dasavlur-qarTul saxelmwifos imJamindeli romaeli da bizantieli mwerlebi da istorikosebi lazikes uwodebdnen, qarTuli wyaroebi ki egriss. am xanis kolxeTis samefos maRal ganviTarebulobaze uTiTebs Tundac is, rom mis erT-erT uZveles da umniSvnelovanes zRvispira qalaq qazisSi arsebobda akademia, sadac saswavleblad ucxoeTidanac (magaliTd _ saberZneTidan) Camodiodnen. lazikaSi anu egrisSi qristianoba jer kidev andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga. saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad ki qristianoba, rogorc bolodroindeli gamokvlevebiT dadginda, qarTlis, anu iberiis samefosTan da somxeTis samefosTan erTad egrisSi anu lazikaSi 318 wels gamocxadda. lazikis anu egrisis samefom mexuTe saukunis Sua xanebSi siZlieris mwvervals miaRwia. mefeebis gubaz pirvelisa da damnas dros egrisi iranis mokavSire iyo, magram mefe waTe pirveli samefo taxtze asvlisTanave bizantiis sataxtoSi Cavida, sajarod uaryo mazdeianoba, romelzedac iyvnen gadasuli misi papa da mama da keisris vasalad aRiara Tavi. am droidan dawyebuli daiwyo brZola bizantiasa da mis metoqe irans Soris lazikisaTvis, rasac verc am or saxelmwifos Soris dadebulma 532 wlis zavma uSvela. male omi isev gaCaRda da 542 wels egrisSi sparselebi SeiWrnen. lazikis mefe gubaz meore iZulebuli gaxda Sahs xleboda da misTvis morCileba gamoecxadebina. sparselebma Savi zRvispira lazur cixe-simagre petraSi TavianTi jari Caayenes. sparselTa batonobis mZime uReliT Sewuxebulma gubaz meorem daxmarebisaTvis bizantielebs mimarTa, magram, 554 wels, is, bizantielma sardlebma, saidumlo molaparakebis Semdeg veragulad mohkles. egriselebma saxalxo kreba moiwvies imis gadasawyvetad, sparseTis mxareze gadasuliyvnen, Tu kvlavac bizantielTa vasalad darCeniliyvnen. gaimarjva erTmorwmune qristian bizantielebTan mokavSired darCenis azrma. es didi omi, romelmac amdeni ubedureba daatexa Tavs egriselebs, damTavrda 562 wlis zaviT, Tumca, dava arc amis Semdeg Sewyvetila. 627 wels lazikaSi Tavisi jariT SeiWra keisari herakle da aq mouyara Tavi Tavis mokavSire xazarebsac da aqedan daiZra Tbilisis asaRebad. Zneli warmosadgeni araa, Tu ra dReSi iyo maSin bizantielTa da xazarTa saTareSod qceuli egrisi. 730 wlis maxlobel xanebSi egrisis samefom arseboba Sewyvita da is patarpatara samTavroebad daiSala. 735 wels arabi sardali ibn-muhamedi, romelsac qarTvelebma gulqvaobisa da sisastikis gamo murvan-yru Searqves, saqarTveloSi SemoiWra. qarTlis erismTavari stefanoz meore dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida. murvan-yru mas daedevna da egrisSic sisxlis zRva daayena. Seubralebelma arabma momxvdurma, mecixovneTa didi winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, xangrZlivi alyis Semdeg aiRo egrisis sataxto qalaqi noqalaqevi (arqeopolisi), gaZarcva da daangria is. 738 wels murvan yrum meored dalaSqra egrisi. merve saukunis 80-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelo kidev erTxel Camoyalibda erT samefod. amjerad is afxazi mTavrebis hegemoniiT gaerTianda da amitom ewoda afxazTa samefo, romlis meTaurobiT moxda mTeli saqarTvelos gaerTianeba. aq saWiroa imis ganmarteba, rom am dros afxazebad wodebuli eTnikuri jgufi warmoadgenda qarTuli enis kolxuri dialeqtis afxazur kiloze molaparakeebs, romlebic XIII-XVII saukuneTa manZilze aq Camosaxlebuli, qarTvelTa mier afsarebad (apsar) wodebuli adiReuri modgmis tomis mier, romelTac, msgavsad egviptelebisa, romelsac axla am qveynis mkvidr arabebs veZaxiT, SerCaT modgmis saxelad “afxazi”. afxazTa samefos meTaurobiT moxda mTeli saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, rac aisaxa TviT saqarTvelos mefeTa titulaturaSi, sadac pirvelad “afxazTa mefe” aris naxsenebi. erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos nawili _ samegrelo anu odiSi erT-erT sakmaod did administraciul erTeuls warmoadgenda odiSis saerisTaos saxiT. odiSis erisTavebi, imavdroulad saqarTvelos mefis mandaturTuxucesebi (anu policiis ministrebi) iyvnen. am drois odiSis erisTavi bediani zogjer samegrelos mefedac ki aris moxseniebuli. odiSis erisTavebis gaZliereba moxda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg, XV saukuneSi. Aam drois odiSis erisTavi bediani, wyaroebSi zogjer samegrelos mefed aris wodebuli. 1545 wels odiSis erisTavma levan I dadianma (1532-1545) kategoriuli uari ganacxada imereTis mefis ymobaze da Tavi odiSis xelmwifed _ mTavrad (mTavari) gamoacxada. am droidan dawyebuli, vidre 1867 wlamde, samegrelo warmoadgenda qarTuli feodaluri saxelmwifoebidan erT-erTs. samegrelos samTavrom Zlierebis mwvervals miaRwia levan II dadianis zeobisas (1611-1657 ww.), romelmac mezobeli guriis samTavroc Tavis xelqveiTad aqcia. Llevan II dadiani did aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas eweoda. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg samegrelos samTavros Zliereba daeca. isargebla ra malemrwmeni mTavris levan III dadianis sisusteebiT, leCxumelma aznaurma kacia Ciqvanma xelT igdo samTavros umdidresi samflobelo sali paritiano memkvidreobiTi flobis uflebiT (gvar li paritianis miRebiT mTavrisagan), Semdeg ki misma Zem giorgi li paritianma, romelic mis mierve taxtze dasmuli mTavris levan IV-is taxtze jdomis drosac samTavros faqtiuri ganmgebeli iyo, jer gaaZeva is (1692 wels) Semdeg ki (1701 wels) mefisgan gvarsaxel dadianis boZebis gziT samTavro taxtic Caigdo xelSi da saTave daudo samegrelos samTavro taxtze axal (Ciqvan _ yofil dadianTa) dinastias giorgi IV dadianis saxeliT (taxtze ijda 1701-1709; 17101714 wlebSi). Semdegi drois samegrelos mTavrebidan gansakuTrebiT beJan II dadiani (1714-1728) aris gamorCeuli Tavisi Seurigebeli brZoliT TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, ris gamoc moakvlevines kidec osmalebma. 1803 wels samegrelos mTavarma grigol dadianma, romelsac taxts ecilebodnen Zmebi _ manuCar meore (samegrelos mTavrad ijda 1792-1797 wlebSi) da tarieli (mTavrad ijda 1802 wels), taxtis SesanarCuneblad ruseTis imperatoris mfarveloba miiRo. am droidan samegrelos samTavro, mis srul gauqmebamde _ 1867 wlamde ruseTis imperiaSi Semaval erT-erT avtonomiur samflobelos warmoadgenda.Aam xanis imperiis xelisufalTagan samTavros winsvlisaTvis RvwiT, gatarebuli Tu dasaxuli reformebiT gamoirCeodnen msajulTuxucesi niko dadiani (1775_1834 wlebi) da samegrelos mTavari daviT dadiani (1840-1853 wlebi). 11 ilori amSaap sixarulisgan TavSeukavebeli xalxi taSiT Sexvda qadagis dasrulebas. mSvidi cxovrebis imedi Caisaxa engursa da egriss Soris mdebare qveyanaSi. xalxi nel-nela brundeboda afxazeTis samegreloSi. gogonebi eklesiis ezodan sasoebiT ayolebdnen Tvals dabneulebs farTonoxoresa da saberioSi, dixaguZbasa da engurispira WalebSi. axal zafxuls kvlav estumrnen eklesias SaraSiebi didi amaliT, iloces, itrapezes da dasxdnen CrdilSi. SeSfoTda moZRvari, magram araferi SeimCnia, roca manuCari moulodnelad emTxvia yvelaze did muxas, muxli moidrika da xmadabla mimarTa: _ didia Zala Seni, siwminde Seni, RvTaebrivi usazRvroba Seni, mzis da mTvaris gulZaloba Seni, madli Seni Cveni da yvelas winaSe, cocxalTa da gardasulTa winaSe, qveynis winaSe. amSaap, Tqveneburad am xis sadidebeli, iyo Cveni da kvlavac unda iyos Cveni, iseve rogorc axlaca igi mTisgaRmeli Cveni mezoblebis da axloblebisa aq da SoreTSi da romlis xmobiTac aravinaa maTi mZleveli mzisqveSeTSi. adre yofila Wyoni didi martvils da kargad vyofilvarT Cvenc. Tavad macxovars ubrZanebia: unayofo xe moWraso, gana unayofoa es xe? morig kviradRes levani mivida eklesias axalgazrda mxedrebis TanxlebiT. SeSfoTda mariami, fexebi moekveTa, tan-fexSi cxelma JrJolam dauara, Tavbru daexva, barbaciT ganerida stumrebs. arc galoba gamouvida im dRes. mwuxris dadgomisTanave marad netar RvTismSobels muxli mouyara mariamma, Sewevna, uZalobisgan daxsna Seevedra. damSvidda TiTqos, magram mTeli Rame sawolSi trialebda, goni daebinda, mis mSvenieri tani kidev ufro daviwrovda, ar eteoda guli da suli. agvistos Sua kviriakes wminda barbares kvlav eaxla levani, mgaloblebs mousmina, ZRveni miarTva TiToeuls. gogonebs WiSkramde gacileba sTxova. levanis mxleblebs cxenebi wauyvaniaT engurSi dasawyureblad da agvianebdnen, amitom Seyovnda igi WiSkarTan. gogonebi saubarSi iyvnen garTuli, roca levani mariamisken daixara da kargi xani esaubra. gvian gaerkva mariami ymawvili Tavadis naTqvamSi; levani sTavazobda mas, rom misi ZRvenisgan kabadoki Seekera, iseTi bolo ganieri da sruli, rogoric deda-dedofals ecva da mariamobis wina dRes, SuaRamisas, did muxasTan misuliyo masTan Sesaxvedrad. qalis uarze, _ es ar moxdeba, RvTismSobeli gamwiravso, levans daumSvidebia: igi keTilia, Tanac gogonebs mfarvelobs da gapatiebso. amasTan saTqmelic maqvs mamaSenze, dedaSenze, Senze, safrTxe unda agaridoo Tavidano. kidev sxva raRacebze usaubria levans, magram mariams es ar axsovda, vinaidan iseTi TvalebiT uyurebda ymawvili. ar gailia dReebi mariamobis dResaswaulis dadgomamde, Tumca mTeli dRe da Rame saqmeebi iyo, mgalobelTa gundic axal galobebs amzadebda, romelic umTavresad misi Sesasrulebeli iyo. mravaljer eaxla deda elenes gulis gasaxsnelad, magram vera da ver gaubeda, ena ar ubrundeboda, azrs ver uyrida TavSi. iqneb dardis gasaqarveblad gumbaTis sarkmlidan, rogorc, gogonebi ixseneben, erTsa da imaves mReroda ratomRac: “vai Suri sayvareli, rina muSi mamardare, rinaSi neba qordasuni, qiana musi mafarTare.” SuaRame dgeboda. xval, iqneb ukve dRes, mariamobaa. kabadoki Caicva, iatakze efina misi bolo. _ ara, ver waval... ho waval... ver waval... magram,... mama, deda, me.... ara, ar waval... waval. mere joxi aiRo, bolomaxvila, mZime, grZeli da frTxilad gavida ezoSi. ar vafiqrebineb, rom mSiSara var, mxolod isa da misi jiSia mamaci! ar dasrulda gza muxebamde, guli ar eteoda sagules. mama gaaxsenda, maSin patara iyo. saxe ar axsovda, brge, axovani, nabadsa da baSliySi gamowyobili, TeTri cxenze amxedrebuli. wasvlis win akoca gulikos, dedas mxarze moxvia xeli da gavida. ukeT axsovda, rom SuaRamiT gasisxlianebuli mama Semoasvenes da Sua oTaxSi daasvenes. deda da bebia tirodnen, kacebic tirodnen, alionamde brge biWebma gaasvenes da sadRac tyeSi dafles. deda daudga Tvalwin. ZaZebiT Semosili, metad TeTri-TeTri, usaSvelod grZeli warbebiT da wamwamebiT. saRamos gavida Txebis mosadenad da ar dabrunebula. bebiam didxans itira da Tqva, rom odiSs gavidao, iqidan SeiZleba stambolSi gadavideso, da male Camovao. bebiam ki axali qoxi uRran tyeSi aaSenebina Turme sofelSi jer kidev darCenil mezoblebs, raTa av sulebs TvalSi ar SevCxerodiTo, rogorc bebia ityoda. maSin ver xvdeboda guliko iqaur ambebs, Tumca icoda, rom wveriani da cxvris tyavianebi wvavdnen saxlebs, qalebs, bavSvebs atyvevebdnen, moxucebs xmliT Cexavdnen, saqoneli mihyavdaT, ZaRlebs xocavdnen, Rorebs ki eridebodnen ratomRac, maTi eSinodaT mxolod. mainc mogvagnes tyeSic cxenosnebma. bebia ar wavida saxlidan, Seepasuxa, joxi ataka. me gavi pare, buCqnarebSi mowyobil safars mivande Tavi. qoxi iwvoda bebiasTan erTad, aravin iyo mSveleli. wverianma qarTvelma Ziebma gvipoves tyeSi, zRvispira migdebul saxli gadagviyvanes ramdenime gogona da kviris Tavze aq mogviyvanes. zRvispira bavSvebSi arcerTi biWi ar iyo, ambobdnen, rom biWebs klaveno naxvisTanave. mTvare dahnaToda muxianis tevrs. didi Wyonis kenwero avismomaswaveblad iyo garinduli, xis totebis qveS, saflavebis Tavze ki iseTi ukuni gayursuliyo, TiTqos gveleSaps daeRo uzarmazari Savi xaxa. kankalebda mariami, civ oflSi ixviTqeboda. ukan gaqcevas azri ar hqonda. ufalo Cemo, ieso qriste, Zeo mama RmrTisa, Semibrale me, momec Zala, raTa davZlio uZaloba Cemi, Seexvewa macxovars da yvelaze did saflavis qvasTan Cacucqda. mkvdar siCumes raRac mweris sisina stvena arRvevda drodadro. levanis nabijebs moeloda da sulganabuli usmenda cxenis floqvebis Cqams. arsaidan xma axlodan, sadRac Sors ki ZaRlebi yefdnen. iqneb is aris, iqneb masac eSinia CemsaviT, iqneb ar gamouSves marto? is xom didi kacia, qveynis momavali batoni! levani ar Canda, zeviT aixeda, mTvare axla ratomRac Zalian hgavda levans, mere mze gaxda. iqneb esaa amSaap? dro gadioda, levani ar Canda. kargia, iqneb gadaifiqra, gulze moeSva mariams. ara, mova, iqneb movides, cotasac davrCebi da waval, waval... iqneb ufro gvian movides, ar ifiqros, rom me mSiSara var an ar minda misi naxva... kidev cota da ai, am joxs davtoveb niSnad, rom me aq viyavi, rom me mindoda misi naxva da movedi martodmarto. wamodga, mere Caicucqa, orive xeliT joxs daawva mZimed da Rrmad CaarWo miwaSi. kidev didxans uyura muxis wverze dakidebul vercxlisfer mzes da wamodgoma scada... ver SeZlo, TiTqos saflavidan ConCxs gamoeyo orive xeli da kabis boloSi CasWideboda. kidev scada... adre diliT mariami gogonebma i poves muxianSi, eklesiis moZRvris ZvelisZvel saflavTan. qveda tuCis kuTxeSi mihyinoda vardisfri sisxli. mcire nakawric ar etyoboda sxeulze. wiodnen gogonebi, qviTinebdnen dedebi, TavSeukaveblad Rrialebda mnaTe. gamTeniisas mariamobis dResaswauli Cveulebrivad daiwyo. uamravi mrevli Seikriba, amdeni arasodes mosula. SarvaSiZebic movidnen didgvarovanTa TanmxlebiT, mxolod levani ar Canda mosulebSi. viRacas uTqvams, levani dedas gaubrazda da bedias gabrundao eklesiis ezodan, ratomRac gafiTrebuli, saxe waSlili Candao. manuCarisTvis sityva Seubrunebia ukmexad: gveyo kudis qicini, sakmarisze metia batonebi, gyavT salocavad bedias afxazTa mefe bagrat, deda dedofali guranduxt, sxva kide raRa gindaTo. waved me, viloceb ilors, bedias, sanam me var, am Cems miwebze amSaap ar iqnebao. uTqvams da cxeni gauquslavs. mariamobis dResaswauli dasrulda. mgalobelTa gundi galobda, magram es galoba ar iyo, ufro moTqmas da zars hgavda. xalxi TvaliT daeZebda mzeTunaxav mariam-mafSalias, magram ver poulobda. ar aris dafaruli rom ar gacxaddes da aravin araferi icoda, Tumca yvelam yvelaferi icoda. dRe dasrulda, magram amSaap ar Sedga, vin gabedavda xsenebas. gvian RamiT manuCari da deda-dedofali Sesulan senakSi, sadac mariami esvena. manuCars muxli mouyria angelozis dari cxedris winaSe, gogonas saxeze mborebia dedofali, Zvirfasi jvari mouxsnia da gulikosTvis daukidia mkerdze. seqtembris miwuruls kokispiruli, warRvnis dari wvimebi dawyebula afxazeTs, saTanjos kalTebidan uzarmazari mewyeri Camomwvara, miwas da talaxs gadauvlia muxnarisaTvis da borcvad dazvinula, eklesiis nawilic daungrevia. amazec aTasi Wor-marTali agorebula afxazeTis samegreloSi, odiSsa da imereTSi. aTasi Wiri da lxini yofila Semdgomac, magram didi mewyeri da oboli bavSvis ambebi dRemde SemorCa iqaurTa mexsierebas. axlac iSviaTia ojaxi, sadac qaliSvils gulikos ar arqmeven saxelad da visac gogona ara hyavs, biWebisTvisac imeteben xolme. erTi ramea namdvilad, bavSvi yvela lamazia, guliTadi, gulkeTili, amdenadac es saxelic srulad Sesaferi, magram ratomRac mgonia, rom yvela guliko, didi Tu patara, RvTiuri sikeTis, silamazis, siyvarulis simboloa dRemde. wina saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolosTvis wminda barbares saxelobis dixazurgis naeklesiarze uamravi xalxi iyrida Tavs da ara marto dResaswaulebze. eklesiis qvaze sanTlis dasamagri adgili ar iyo. maSindeli nomenklaturis Savi manqanebic Camodiodnen aq imereTidan, guriidan, aWaridan, samegrelodan da, ra Tqma unda, afxazeTidan, gudauTidan. galis raionis maSindelma liderma vaxtang yolbaiam, bzifeli kilbebis STamomavalma, gadawyvita wminda barbares eklesiis aRdgena iseTad, rogoric is yofila pirvelyofilobidan. cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis meTaurTa locva-kurTxeviT proeqti Sedga da Tanxebic gamoinaxa, gulianma mSeneblebma Tavad ikisres eklesiis ganaxlebuli Senobis umokles droSi dasruleba. samwuxarod, gangebam sxvanairad ineba da afxazeTSi ZmaTamkvleli omi daiwyo. axali safrTxis winaSe dadga afxazeTi, im safrTxis winaSe, romelic Zalian hgavda samasi wlis winaT daviwyebul momavals. rafiel gelantia gazeT “iloris” norCma mkiTxvelma gio gobeCiam, qalaq zugdididan, “ilorSi” gamoqveynebuli misi gamoxmaurebis kvaldakval gamogvigzavna werili da Tavisi leqsi, romelsac vTavazobT Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelebs. pativcemul redaqcias! samegrelo da kolxeTi ara Cagvris aramed erTgulebis da gaerTianebis simbolo iyo es mtermac icoda, da amitom, Suris faqtorma Camoayaliba aseTi grZnoba samegrelos mimarT, saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebisgan... saerTod sad iyo saqarTvelo an iberia, rodesac kolxeTi sibrZnis centrad da oqros sawmisis samSoblod ixsenieboda... Cven xom pelazguri iafeturi rasis warmomadgenlebi varT romelic erT dros espaneTidan indoeTamde iyo gadaWimuli... swored amaze ambobs ione zosime roca lazares axsenebs. lazares enis saZirkvlebi megrulSi unda veZioT jer is rad Rirs, kretaze aRmoCenili oqros mrgvali disko, romelic arcerT enaze ar gaiSifra da aRmoCnda megruli nana... saqarTvelo araa ganwiruli, imitom, rom SesaniSnavi Taoba modis. mjobnis mjobni xom ar daileva. Tavs imiT viimedebT rom RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana varT. SeiZleba es asec ar iyos, magram, rac mTavaria, ers rwmenis udides sababs aZlevs da amas unda gavyveT. usaTuoa, rom saqarTvelo gadarCeba! TqvenTan TanamSromloba Zalian mamxnevebs. es CemSi did emociebs aRviZebs mouTmenlad movelodi “ilorSi” Cemi gamoCenis dRes da Zalian gavixare, roca Cemi gvari amovikiTxe. xom iciT, molodinis mqone kacis fsiqologia ufro did farglebSi vrceldeba. Cems wignSi Setanili leqsebi Tu moTxrobebi axla imdenad ar momwons, radgan vgrZnob, rom saocari progresi ganvicade. aucileblad mogawvdiT Cems morig naSromebs. mgonia, rom Cemi pirveli wigniT damTavrda Cemi bavSvobis faza. Cemi sayvareli gamoTqmaa: “me mirCevinia aqilevsi viyo da sxvam maqos, vidre viyo homerosi da sxva vaqo”. gigzavniT Cems kidev erT leqss. saqarTvelos ca cremlad iTvreba, yoveldRe tiris TbilisTan mtkvari es Cemi gulic ise imsxvreva, rom var aTasjer krwanisTan mkvdari. SoriT mosuli warsulis eqo, is Samqoridan basianamde, es bazaleTi kisramde gveyo da wiwamurTan vkvdebiT aqamde. TiTqos mTawmindac muxlze damdgara, romlis saflavi ar dgas yiraze, yvela devgmiri fexze amdgara, satanebis da mterTa jinaze. cxireTs sveneba araras gvizams, jobs, rom mters SevxvdeT martyofis velze, xom xedavT, miwac saocrad gminavs, da borkils vixsniT orTave xelze. wminda giorgi, wmidaTawmida, kvlav gagviZRveba didgorze omad, Tamar dedofal, me SenTan minda rusTvels vejibro Sendami xotbad! 12 ilori gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflio Cempionatebi fexburTSi”, romelic asaxavs msoflio Cempionatebis finalur bataliebs. espaneTi sagzurs. yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba CempionatSi alJiris nakrebis monawileobam, romelic angariSiT 2:1 sZlies gfr-is nakrebs. meore matCSi ki Ciles sZlies angariSiT 3:2. Tumca, mesame matCi daTmes avstrielebTan 0:2. burTebis uaresi Sefardebis gamo jgufSi mesame adgili daikaves. jgufidan ki gfr-isa da avstriis nakrebebi gavidnen. finali italia _ gfr 3:1 (0:0) 11.07.1982w. madridi “santiago barnabeu“-s stadioni. 90.000 mayurebeli. msajebi: ad.s. koelio (brazilia), v. xristovi (Cexoslovakia), a. kleini (israeli).. italia: Zofi (kapitani), Sirea, jentile, kolovati, kabrini, bergomi, oriali, tardeli, konti, graciani (altobeli 8, kauzio 88), rosi. gfr: Sumaxeri, kaltci, Stilike, k.h. fiorsteri, b. fiorsteri, dremleri (hrubeSi 63), braitneri, brigeli, rumenige (kapitani) (miuleri 70), litbarski, fiSeri. golebi: rosi (57), tardeli (69), altobeli (81), braitneri (83). bombardirebi paolo rosi (italia) _ 6 burTi; karl hainc rumenige (gfr) _ 5 burTi; ziko (brazilia) _ 4 burTi; zbignev boneki (poloneTi) _ 4 burTi; Cempionatis simboluri nakrebi Zofi, jentile (orive italia), luizinio (brazilia), kolovati (italia), Juniori (brazilia), bonieki (poloneTi), platini, tigana (orive safrangeTi), ziko (brazilia), rosi (italia), rumenige (gfr). iumori mixeil saakaSvili Sedis maRaziaSi: _ Tu SeiZleba, erTi halstuxi momeciT! _ eubneba gamyidvels. _ gagixvioT, Tu aqve miirTmevT? _ ekiTxeba gamyidveli. * * * _ me viban, Sen iban, is ibans! mixo, aba miTxari ra dros xdeba moqmedeba? _ ekiTxeba maswavlebeli bavSvs. _ axal wels, masw... _ pasuxobs mowafe. * * * 15 wlis ojaxurma cxovrebam zaqros kargad aswavla, Tu rogor unda icxovros qalis gareSe. * * * qarTuli estradis varskvlavTa koncertma yrumunjTa sazogadoebaSi didi warmatebiT Caiara. * * * bebia gaxda cudad, SvilisSvilebma eqimi moiyvanes da ekiTxebian, ra eSvelebao. _ kargi iqneba, Tu gaTxovdeba, _ pasuxobs eqimi. SvilisSvilebi gagiJdebian: _ ara, eqimo, raRa dros magisi gaTxovebaa. gabrazebuli bebia aprotestebs: _ eqimma ukeTesad ar icis, ra miSvelis? gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli publikaciis avtorebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da monacemebis sizusteze mesame jgufSi ki belgiis nakrebma argentinelebs da salvadorelebs sZlies 1:0, xolo ungrelebTan fre iTamaSes da gavidnen momdevno etapze. meore sagzuri ki moi pova argentinis nakrebma. IV jgufidan ki naxevarfinalSi gasvla SesZles inglisis da safrangeTis nakrebma gundebma. pirvel qvejgufSi pirveli adgili daikava poloneTis nakrebma, xolo msoflios momavalma Cempionma italiis nakrebma mxolod burTebis ukeTesi sxvaobiT Camoitova kamerunis gundi. V jgufidan Semdeg etapze gavidnen CrdiloeT irlandia da espaneTi. xolo VI jgufSi pirveloba aravis dauTmo braziliam. amave jgufSi meore adgili sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebma daikava. meore wreSi pirvel jgufSi moxvdnen sabWoTa kavSiris, poloneTis da belgiis erovnuli gundebi. gadamwyveti aRmoCnda sabWoTa kavSirisa da poloneTis gundebis dapirispireba, romelic fred 0:0 dasrulda da burTebis ukeTesi SefardebiT naxevarfinalSi polonelebi gavidnen. B jgufSi ki naxevarfinalis sagzuri moipova germaniis federaciuli respublikis nakrebma. III jgufSi Seikriba italiis, braziliisa da argentinis erovnuli nakrebebi, romelSic brazilielebma 3:1, xolo italielebma 2:1 sZlies argentinelebs. italielebsa da brazilielebs Soris gamarTuli matCi ki Cempionatis mSvenebad iqca, romelSic italielebma gaimarjves 3:2. IV jgufSi ki naxevarfinaluri sagzuri moi pova safrangeTma. italiis nakrebma naxevarfinalSi sZlia poloneTis nakrebs, romelSic paolo rosim dubli Seasrula. meore naxevarfinalur matCSi ki gfr-is nakrebma penaltebis seriaSi daamarcxa safrangeTi. mesame adgilisaTvis matCSi polonelebma sZlies frangebs angariSiT 3:2. Cempionatis finalurma Sexvedram ki ukve gansakuTre- buli brZolis gareSe Caiara. italiis nakrebi germanelebze erTi TaviT maRla idga da aman asaxva angariSSic hpova. jer kidev pirvel taimSi kabrinim penaltis gatana ver moaxerxa, Tumca, meore naxevarSi yvelaferi Tavis adgilze dadga. germanelTa kari pirvelma paolo rosim dalaSqra, romelic eqvsi gatanili goliT Cempionatis saukeTeso bombardiri gaxda. Semdeg ki Tavi tardelim da altobelimac gamoiCines. erTaderTi, risi organizebac germanelebma SesZles, Sexvedris miwuruls braitneris mier gatanili prestiJis goli gaxldaT. amgvarad, “skuadra aZuram” mesamed moi pova msoflio Cempionoba da am maCvenebliT brazilias gautolda. giorgi jalaRania sizmrebis axsna daniel winaswarmetyvelis mier “efrem verdis” wignisadmi interesi, miuxedavad misi xandazmulobisa, Zalian didia. igi Tavisi SinaarsiT izidavs mkiTxvelTa farTo masebs, vinaidan misi SemecnebiTi xasiaTi xelmisawvdomia yvela donis ganaTlebis mqone adamianisaTvis. amjerad gazeT “iloris” mkiTxvels vTavazobT nawyvetebs “efrem verdis” wignis im monakveTidan, sadac Sekrebilia sizmrebis axsna daniel winaswarmetyvelis mier. _ auzis naxva wyliT _ patiosnebis da bednierebis niSania. _ auzSi banaoba _ cudia, magram bolo keTilia. _ auzi damSrali naxo _ unayofo weliwadi iqneba. _ avi angelozis naxva _ metad cudia da raime gansacdelSi Cavarde. _ abanoSi Sesvla _ dardisa da borotebis niSania. _ abanos naxva _ kargia. _ aryis sma _ sircxvilisa da simwris niSania. _ aqlemi naxo _ niSania Soreuli da bednieri mgzavrobisa. _ aqlemebi Tu Cxuboben _ orni mefeni erTmaneTs waekidnon. _ aqlemze Tu ijeqi _ saziano ram faTeraki uecrad gardagxdes. masTan sicocxleze xelCaqneulebi midian gamojanmrTelebulebi brundebian gagniZis preparati arCens avTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas, kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas, nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, parkinsons, asTmas, Ciyvs, gulisa da Tirkmelebis daavadebebs, spobs azots TirkmelSi, hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralur damblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas, osteoqondrozs, gaimorits, sisxlis gaTeTrebas, sefsiss, botulizms, tuberkulozs, cerozs I da II stadiebSi, C-hepatits, botkins, elenTis, naRvlis buStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs, qlamidias, klimaqss, wyluls, fsoriazs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, epilefsias, amyarebs imunitets, axdens Tavis tvinis ujredebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas, dadebiTad moqmedebs seqsualur darRvevebze da narkotikebTan damokidebulebebze. koordinatebia: Telavi, kavkasionis quCa #61-b, gagniZe biWiko (domenti). tel: 893-22-66-51 8(250) 7-61-24 Tbilisi, winamZRvriSvilis 120 baTumi, asaTianis 11, (orSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da paraskevs, 10-dan 14 saaTamde). redaqciis misamarTia: Tbilisi, tabiZis quCa #23 arq Treidi gTavazobT S A L E msoflios rigiT XII Cempionati gaimarTa espaneTSi. misi Catarebis formati gansxvavebuli iyo, rac gamoixata finalur etapze gundebis raodenobis 24-mde gazrdiT. pirvel etapze gundebi eqvs jgufSi ganawildnen, sadac III adgilze gasulebi, momdevno raundSi, qmnidnen oTx samgundian jgufs, romlidanac pirvel adgilze gasulebi moi povebdnen naxevarfinalis 1982 kompiuterebs da aqsesuarebs yvela saxis kompiuterul momsaxurebasa da serviss aseve maRalteqnologiur LCD monitorebs, televizorebs, cifrul fotoaparatebs da sxvadasxva saxis spec. teqnikas mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili [email protected] e-mail:[email protected] reklamisganTavseba 899-57-33-22
