Ubezpieczenia zdrowotne – dobry pomysł, trudny biznes

Ubezpieczenia zdrowotne – dobry pomysł, trudny biznes

=F\NOX:<:,$'=%52.(5(05R]PRZD]7RPDV]HP.XW\EąEURNHUHP]:DUV]DZ\
7RPDV].XW\EDZLFHSUH]HV]DU]ąGX,QWHUQDWLRQDO5LVN
&RUSRUDWH$GYLVRU\,5&$$EVROZHQW:\G]LDáX0DWHPDW\F]QR
)L]\F]QR7HFKQLF]QHJR:\ĪV]HM6]NRá\3HGDJRJLF]QHMZ
.UDNRZLH:URNXXNRĔF]\áVWXGLDSRG\SORPRZH]]DNUHVX
Z\FHQ\PDMąWNXQD$NDGHPLL5ROQLF]HMZ.UDNRZLH
2GURNX]ZLą]DQ\]U\QNLHPXEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\PSHáQLąF
VWDQRZLVNDPDQDJHUVNLHZ$OOLDQ]1RUZLFK8QLRQ:DUWD6LJQDO
,GXQDL$PSOLFR/LIH:URNXUR]SRF]ąáSUDFĊZ,5&$JG]LH
RGURNXSHáQLIXQNFMĊZLFHSUH]HVD]DU]ąGXVSyáNL2GSRQDG
ODWVSHFMDOL]XMHVLĊZWHPDW\FH]ZLą]DQHM]XEH]SLHF]HQLDPL
JUXSRZ\PLQDĪ\FLHL]GURZRWQ\PL
8EH]SLHF]HQLD]GURZRWQH±GREU\SRP\VáWUXGQ\EL]QHV
.WyUHXEH]SLHF]HQLDWUXGQLHMVLĊVSU]HGDMH"*UXSRZHXEH]SLHF]HQLDQDĪ\FLHF]\XEH]SLHF]HQLD]GURZRWQH"
%H]ZąWSLHQLD]GURZRWQHLZ\QLNDWR]NLONXSRZRGyZ8EH]SLHF]HQLDJUXSRZHQDĪ\FLHVąREHFQHZQDV]\PĪ\FLXRG
NLONXG]LHVLĊFLXODW*G\SRZVWDZDá\VWDQRZLá\MHG\QHLQLHU]DGNRREOLJDWRU\MQHXEH]SLHF]HQLHXĞUHGQLRQ\FKSRWU]HE
OXGXSUDFXMąFHJRPLDVWLZVL0LPR]PLDQMDNLH]DV]á\ZNUDMXZZDUVWZLHVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]QHMXEH]SLHF]HQLD
JUXSRZHQDĪ\FLHZFLąĪVWDQRZLąZDĪQHLV]HURNRDNFHSWRZDQHUR]ZLą]DQLHD]XZDJLQDSRZV]HFKQąGRVWĊSQRĞü
RUD]UHODW\ZQLHQLVNąFHQĊVąUR]ZLą]DQLHPPDVRZRZ\VWĊSXMąF\PLDNFHSWRZDQ\P
8EH]SLHF]HQLH]GURZRWQHZIRUPLHJUXSRZHMWRMXĪLQQDEDMND7RZEDUG]RZLHOXILUPDFKLĞURGRZLVNDFKXEH]SLHF]HQLH
QLH]QDQHOXEZSURVWLGHQW\ILNRZDQH]DERQDPHQWHPPHG\F]Q\P7\PVDP\PZ\PDJDZLHG]\LXPLHMĊWQRĞFLZ
SURZDG]HQLXGLDORJX]SDUWQHUDPLZG]LDáDFK+5Z\NUHRZDQLXRNUHĞORQ\FKSRWU]HELVNXWHF]Q\PSU]HNRQDQLXĪH
SURJUDP]GURZRWQ\GODRUJDQL]DFMLWRQLHNRV]WOHF]LQZHVW\FMDNWyUDPDV]DQVHVLĊ]ZUyFLü
:DUWRWHĪ]ZUyFLüXZDJĊĪHĪ\FLHZSRUyZQDQLX]H]GURZLHPMHVWXEH]SLHF]HQLHPVWRVXQNRZRSURVW\P3UDFD]
Ī\FLyZNąRF]\ZLĞFLHZ\PDJDRGEURNHUDRNUHĞORQHJRGRĞZLDGF]HQLDLZLHG]\DOHWDXEH]SLHF]HQLRZDSRV]HU]RQDR
DVSHNW\SUDZQHRUD]]QDMRPRĞüIXQNFMRQRZDQLDSU]HGVLĊELRUVWZZ]XSHáQRĞFLZ\VWDUF]\:SU]\SDGNXUR]ZLą]DĔ
]GURZRWQ\FKWRPDáR7XWU]HEDGRGDWNRZR]QDüLFREDUG]RLVWRWQHUR]XPLHü]DJDGQLHQLD]ZLą]DQH]PHG\F\Qą
SURILODNW\Ną]GURZRWQąF]\RUJDQL]DFMąSURFHVyZOHF]HQLD.RQVWUXXMąFGHG\NRZDQHUR]ZLą]DQLDQLHPRĪQDSUDFRZDü
ZRGHUZDQLXRGUHDOLyZZMDNLFKIXQNFMRQXMąLFKSU]\V]OLEHQHILFMHQFLWDNLFKFKRüE\MDNORNDOQDVLHüSODFyZHN
PHG\F]Q\FKRF]HNLZDQ\PRGHOUHDOL]DFMLPHG\F\Q\SUDF\F]\Z\VWĊSXMąFH]DJURĪHQLHFKRUREDPL]DZRGRZ\PL
%DUG]RF]ĊVWRSUDFRZQLF\RF]HNXMąPRĪOLZRĞFLNRU]\VWDQLDZUDPDFKXEH]SLHF]HQLD]NRQVXOWDFMLNRQNUHWQ\FK
OHNDU]\FLHV]ąF\FKVLĊORNDOQ\PX]QDQLHPLDXWRU\WHWHP
=F]HJRZ\QLNDMąWUXGQRĞFLZVSU]HGDĪ\XEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FK"
:PRLPSU]HNRQDQLXVąGZLHJáyZQHSU]HV]NRG\3LHUZV]DWRWUXGQRĞüZ]EXGRZDQLXGLDORJX]RVREDPLNWyUHZ
]DNáDGDFKSUDF\RGSRZLDGDMą]DSROLW\NĊSHUVRQDOQą2GNLONXODWZVIHU]H]DU]ąG]DQLD+5]DFKRG]ąGXĪH]PLDQ\
7DN]ZDQDGLJLWDOL]DFMDSURFHVyZDWDNĪHQLHXVWDQQHSRV]XNLZDQLHUH]HUZSRZRGXMą]PQLHMV]HQLH]DWUXGQLHQLD
PLĊG]\LQQ\PLZG]LDáDFKSHUVRQDOQ\FK=GUXJLHMVWURQ\]ZLĊNV]DVLĊLORĞü]DGDĔLSURMHNWyZUHDOL]RZDQ\FKSU]H]WH
]HVSRá\.DĪG\NROHMQ\QDVWDUFLHEXG]LRGUXFKRGU]XFHQLD'UXJLPZDĪQ\PSRZRGHPMHVWGXĪDRVWURĪQRĞü
SUDFRGDZFyZSU]HGXUXFKDPLDQLHPUR]ZLą]DĔNWyUH]ZLĊNV]ąNRV]W\SUDF\0DPĞZLDGRPRĞüĪHPyMJáRVVWRLZ
VSU]HF]QRĞFL]HRSLQLąXEH]SLHF]\FLHOLNWyU]\EXGXMąVZRMHVWUDWHJLHVSU]HGDĪRZHZRSDUFLXRSU]HNRQDQLHLĪ
SUDFRGDZF\Z3ROVFHFKĊWQLHLQZHVWXMąZSURJUDP\XEH]SLHF]HQLRZH-DNRZLHOROHWQLSUDNW\NLRVRED]DMPXMąFDVLĊ
DNZL]\FMąZXEH]SLHF]HQLDFKPDPRGPLHQQH]GDQLH1LHVWHW\QLHU]DGNRGXĪHPLĊG]\QDURGRZHILUP\ZNZHVWLL
EHQHILWyZSUDFRZQLF]\FKWUDNWXMąSROVNLFKSUDFRZQLNyZLQDF]HMQLĪPDMąWRZ]Z\F]DMXLVWDQGDUG]LHZLQQ\FKNUDMDFK
1LHEĊGĊZW\PPLHMVFXSU]\WDF]DáSUDZGRF]\ZLVW\FKĪHEUDNXUHJXORZDĔSUDZQ\FKLXOJSRGDWNRZ\FKQLHSRPDJD
2VRELĞFLHSU]HVWDáHPPLHüZLDUĊĪHOXG]LHLVLá\VSUDZXMąFHZáDG]ĊZSU]HZLG\ZDQHMSU]\V]áRĞFLSRFK\OąVLĊQDGW\PL
VSUDZDPL:FLąĪáDWZLHMSRZRáDüNRPLVMĊVHMPRZąQDWHPDWMDNLHMĞNROHMQHMDIHU\QLĪZVSUDZLHZLHOROHWQLFK]DQLHGEDĔL
]DQLHFKDĔZREV]DU]HRSLHNL]GURZRWQHM3RODNyZ
&RPRJOLE\]URELüXEH]SLHF]\FLHOHE\EL]QHVWHQPyJáSUĊĪQLHMVLĊUR]ZLMDü"
3U]HGHZV]\VWNLPHGXNRZDü3RND]\ZDüĪHQLHPXVLP\PLHVLąFDPLVWDüZNROHMNDFKGRJDELQHWyZOHNDUVNLFK
%XGRZDüĞZLDGRPRĞüNWyUDZNRĔFXVSRZRGXMHĪHSUDFRZQLF\]DF]QąRF]HNLZDüRGVZRLFKG\UHNWRUyZ
SHUVRQDOQ\FKSRPRF\ZUR]ZLą]DQLXLFKSRGVWDZRZ\FKSRWU]HE]ZLą]DQ\FK]RFKURQą]GURZLD3RZLQQLWDNĪH
OREERZDüQDU]HF]WDNLHMSROLW\NLSDĔVWZDNWyUDVWZRU]\SU]\MD]Q\NOLPDWLĞURGRZLVNRGODUR]ZRMXSU\ZDWQ\FK
XEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FK1DZHWGUREQHNDP\NLU]XFDQHZGyáSRFLąJQąZNRĔFXJáD]\LODZLQĊ«
-HVWHPSU]HNRQDQ\ĪHZZDUVWZLHSURGXNWRZHMXEH]SLHF]\FLHOHZFLąĪQLHSRZLHG]LHOLRVWDWQLHJRVáRZD±LGREU]H
0DP\MXĪG]LĞGRĞüGREU\Z\EyUUR]ZLą]DĔDHODVW\F]QRĞüZSRGHMĞFLXWRZDU]\VWZXEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\FKSR]ZDOD
EXGRZDüSURJUDP\QDNDĪGąNLHV]HĔLZSHáQHMNRUHODFML]SRWU]HEDPL=SHZQRĞFLąZ\]ZDQLHPGODXEH]SLHF]\FLHOL
EĊGąV]\ENR]DFKRG]ąFH]PLDQ\GHPRJUDILF]QHLVSRáHF]QH3yNLFRZ\GáXĪDVLĊEDULHUDSU]HMĞFLDQDHPHU\WXUĊ
VSRáHF]HĔVWZRVWDU]HMHVLĊSU]\MHGQRF]HVQ\PZ\GáXĪHQLXĞUHGQLHMZLHNX
-DNLHSRWU]HE\ZUDPDFKXEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FKPDMąILUP\"
1DMF]ĊĞFLHM]JáDV]DQHSU]H]SUDFRGDZFyZSRWU]HE\WR]DEH]SLHF]HQLHVSUDZQHMUHDOL]DFML]DGDĔ]ZLą]DQ\FK]
PHG\F\QąSUDF\&]DVHPGXĪH]DNáDG\SUDF\RF]HNXMąXUXFKRPLHQLDZUDPDFKSURJUDPXJDELQHWXOHNDUVNLHJRQD
WHUHQLHILUP\7RFLHNDZHUR]ZLą]DQLHSR]ZDODMąFHSUDFRZQLNRPáDWZRLV]\ENR]DVLĊJQąüRSLQLLOHNDU]DSLHUZV]HJR
NRQWDNWXRGQRZLüUHFHSWĊ
0RLP]GDQLHPQDMZDĪQLHMV]ąSRWU]HEąSRZLQQRE\ü
RJUDQLF]HQLHQHJDW\ZQ\FKVNXWNyZW]ZSUH]HQWHL]PX
]MDZLVNDZFLąĪQLHGRNRĔFDXĞZLDGRPLRQHJRSU]H]+5
PDQDJHUyZ=DSHZQLHQLHVSUDZQHMLV]\ENLHMRSLHNL
]GURZRWQHMSUDFRZQLNRZLZV\WXDFMLJG\MHVWRQFKRU\
SR]ZDODZ\JHQHURZDüVSRUHRV]F]ĊGQRĞFL7DHZLGHQWQD
NRU]\ĞüMHVWF]ĊVWRQLHGRFHQLDQDQDHWDSLHSRGHMPRZDQLD
GHF\]MLRXUXFKRPLHQLXSURJUDPXDV]NRGD
-DNLHNRU]\ĞFLGODILUPSá\Qą]SRVLDGDQLDXEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FK"
)LUP\NWyUHGHF\GXMąVLĊQDSURJUDP]GURZRWQ\WRĞZLDGRPLSUDFRGDZF\NWyU\POHĪ\QDVHUFXGREURVWDQ
SUDFRZQLNyZ7RSUDFRGDZF\GODNWyU\FKKDVáRÄSUDFRZQLNQDMZLĊNV]\PGREUHPZRUJDQL]DFML´QLHMHVWVORJDQHPOHF]
FRG]LHQQ\PZ\]ZDQLHPLLQVSLUDFMą3RSU]H]XEH]SLHF]HQLH]GURZRWQHEXGXMąVZRMDZDUWRĞüZRF]DFKSUDFRZQLNyZL
QLH]Z\NOHNRU]\VWQLHSR]\FMRQXMąVLĊQDORNDOQ\PU\QNXSUDF\7RV]F]HJyOQLHZDĪQH]ZáDV]F]DZRNUHVLHJG\
PDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]U\QNLHPSUDF\SUDFRZQLNDLZDONąRWDOHQW\
-DN3DQD]GDQLHPU\QHNXEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FKEĊG]LHZ\JOąGDá]DODW"
1DV]NUDMMDNRMHGHQ]QLHOLF]Q\FKREMĊW\FK(XURSHMVNLP.RQVXPHQFNLP,QGHNVHP=GURZLD(+&,PLDáZURNX
Z\QLNJRUV]\QLĪURNZF]HĞQLHML]DMąáPLHMVFHZEDGDQLXNWyU\PREMĊWRHXURSHMVNLFKV\VWHPyZ]GURZLD,VWQLHMH
]DOHĪQRĞü]JRGQLH]NWyUąLPJRU]HMVLĊG]LHMHZV\VWHPLHSXEOLF]Q\PW\PZLĊNV]HMHVWJURQROXG]LSRV]XNXMąF\FK
UR]ZLą]DĔSR]ZDODMąF\FKQDUHDOL]DFMĊSRWU]HE]GURZRWQ\FKZDNFHSWRZDOQ\PF]DVLHL]]DFKRZDQLHPRNUHĞORQ\FK
VWDQGDUGyZMDNRĞFLRZ\FK1LHEH]]QDF]HQLDMHVWWDNĪHZ]URVW]DPRĪQRĞFLVSRáHF]HĔVWZD:\GDMHVLĊ]DWHPĪH
ZáDĞQLHWHF]\QQLNLEĊGąGHWHUPLQRZDüUR]ZyMXEH]SLHF]HĔ]GURZRWQ\FKZQDMEOLĪV]\FKODWDFK-DNGáXJRSU\ZDWQH
XEH]SLHF]HQLD]GURZRWQHQLHVWDQąVLĊLQWHJUDOQąF]ĊĞFLąQRZHMMDNRĞFLLQDURGRZHJRSURJUDPXRFKURQ\]GURZLDWDN
GáXJREĊGąUDF]HMVND]DQHQDVWRSQLRZ\UR]ZyM7DNZLĊFUHZROXFMDFK\EDQDPQLHJUR]L
=JáRĞXZDJĊGRWQHZVOHWWHUDPDUNHWLQJ#VXSO
$E\]UH]\JQRZDü]VXEVNU\SFMLNOLNQLMWXWDM
7HQ1HZVOHWWHU]RVWDáZ\VáDQ\]DSRPRFąV\VWHPXRSWLYRŠEURDGPDLO