Piśmienne bycie w przestrzeni cyfrowej. Współczesne ślady

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Ewa Szczęsna
Uniwersytet Warszawski*
Piśmienne bycie w przestrzeni cyfrowej.
Współczesne ślady tożsamości
Literate Existence in the Digital Space. Contemporary Traces of Identity
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present how the development of writing technology influences
writing itself. In this paper the analysis is focused on mechanisms of reinterpretation of
writing and reading in digital space, in other words, the change in experience of text. To
summarize, modern media techniques make reading become writing, when writing becomes clicking (an action taken upon the texture), and clicking becomes the experience
of text. Another goal is to present a special role of the texture as the tool of text’s creation
as well as the place of cohesion. The importance of semiotic tissue of digital text, especially in the case of digital art, is visible in the formation of intratextual relations. These relations are created in the process of working one element of texture onto another,
which allow them to play an important role in the creation of textual meaning.
przestrzeń cyfrowa, doświadczanie tekstu, tekstura, pisanie
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Agnieszka K arpowicz
Uniwersytet Warszawski*
Reinkarnacje słowa: media, gatunki, praktyki
Reincarnations Of The Word: Media, Genres, Practices
Abstract
The text presents the project of multimedial, contemporary verbal environment research
which uses a category of speech genres (Bakhtin). Focusing on the secondary genres
(genres of verbal creativity) it justifies the argument that „The world is not dead. It’s merely changing it’s skin” (Dick Higgins), and therefore in the living verbal environment we
deal with changing, heterogeneous media of verbal expression that determine, in part,
ways of being and describing genres. This paper presents performance, text and hypertext as a basic means of existence of the verbal forms in contemporary culture; means
which demand an adequate category of description and research tools in order to avoid
textualization of multimedial genres and not to treat them like a literature.
słowo, media, gatunki
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Elżbieta Winiecka
Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza*
Pismo wobec doświadczenia uczestnictwa
Writing Towards The Experience Of Participation
Abstract
This article discusses the influence of media on the experience of writing. The aim here
is to show two models of participation in the culture, two models of the brain, two models of communication. First, connected with the culture of printed books, is based on
the distance, reflexivity and aloneness. Second, born with new media and called „culture
of participation”, is a new style of life (interactive) and thinking (logovisual). It redefines roles of the author and the reader. The shift from the one to the second is dynamic,
happening here and now. The effects of it are today still unpredictable for us. Anyway
literature and literary studies are changing, influenced by new digital technologies treated as extensions of man.
medium, konwergencja, pismo, e-epoka
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Marta R akoczy
Uniwersytet Warszawski*
Tekst, pisanie, szkoła w perspektywie antropologicznej
Text, Writing And School In Anthropological Perspective
Abstract
The paper is an attempt to reveal an anthropological structure of following categories:
text and writing; the categories that nowadays require cultural, historical and institutional relativization. I maintain that the paradigm of writing as mental, individualistic
creation and freely chosen way of life is a result of late modernity. Moreover, even today
it is not the only paradigm and is not universally acceptable. The illustration of this that
I develop in this text is an example of today’s exercise books. School - as the main institution of literate initiation, including mass first contact with literature — is an institution
in which the practice of writing, regulated by school breaks and specific for capitalist
society dual division of time, is a specific one, being a tool of well-defined, perceptual
and social discipline. However, this discipline does not exclude creativity, as long as we
leave its late-modern definition.
. pisanie, tekst, twórczość, indywidualizm, szkoła
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Maciej Maryl
IBL PAN*
Blog jako „dziennik elektroniczny”. Analiza
genologiczna blogów pisarzy
Blog As An ,,Electronic Journal”. Genre Analysis Of Writers’ Weblogs
Abstract
The article is an attempt at genre analysis of online journals by three Polish writers (Sylwia Chutnik, Jarosław Klejnocki, Jerzy Sosnowski) in both literary-studies and technological perspective. I argue that this specific commingling of a personal document and
electronic discourse results in a new form of writing, which functions in a secondary-orality environment. The uniqueness of this form, in comparison with traditional personal documents, stems from the participation of the audience, which co-authors the
text and influences its shape. Blog is a result of the personalization culture, in which the
reader influences the writer.
blog, dziennik, komunikacja, komentarz
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Krzysztof Gajewski
IBL PAN*
No comment. Z poetyki komentarza elektronicznego
No Comment. On Poetics Of Electronic Comment
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyze electronic comment as a new genre of speech. At the
beginning the state of the art is presented. The history of comment in manuscript printed books is outlined, as well as main functions of comment. Then two kinds of post-typografical comments are indicated: programming comment and Internet comment.
The article limits its scope to the last one. The research based on a case of a news taken
from a popular Polish language Internet portal. Seven types of comments are discovered:
an approval, a question/desideratum, an amplification/a dialog, a correction, a disapproval, an impression, a parasitism. Three most numerously represented groups happen to
be a disapproval, an impression, and a parasitism. In the conclusion a hypothesis explaining the phenomenon is proposed.
komentarz, poetyka, gatunek
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Irena Chawrilska
Uniwersytet Gdański*
Dzieło hybrydyczne jako doświadczenie
The Hybrid Work of Art as Experience
Abstract
This article focuses on the hybrid work of art viewed as a form of experience. I take into
consideration the issue of the hybrid work of art viewed as a form of experience from the
perspective of how Dewey wrote about art which can be perceived as a form of experience. How can we understand the notion of experience in relation to the work of art, and,
more importantly, to the hybrid work of art? My analysis of the experience category is
based on the philosophical texts written by Luigi Pareyson. The question I would like
to answer is if hybrid works of art portray the experience of contemporary reality. My
considerations are founded on the poems by Paula Claire (ES-SENSE and Hymns to Isis)
and the artist’s book by Jim Butler (A.M.D.G).
dzieło hybrydyczne, doświadczenie, poezja konkretna, estetyka
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Agnieszka Smaga
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego*
Formy pismo/obraz na stronach WWW. Przegląd
Abstract
At the present stage of technological development of websites, critical difference between
the word and the image breaks down. It means we are not able to distinguish them from
one another at the operational level (at the program level). Furthermore, in view of the
presentation of the website, building process of the visual composition of the website is
carried out neither according to the function of words (narrative), nor according to analog image (representation), but by the surface distribution of the data. Website becomes
infographics, which abstract a fundamental system of lines and shapes from reality and
transforms them into a basic form of rectangles (diagrams, graphs, tables, forms).
słowo, obraz, strony internetowe
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Lidia Gąsowska
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski*
Praktyka pisania fan fiction. Tutorial fanfikowca
Abstract
Mass literature and its more modern branch — popular literature, tends to be described
as „trivial”, „third-rate” and worse. Nowadays, there is a consensus among scholars that
the name „popular” is the most neutral and non-evaluative, so in this sense the literary
production can be addressed and one can give it the status of an academic discipline.
Common plots, themes, topoi and solutions which a researcher in the field of his interests explores, are not perceived as worse, imitative, predictable or banal… Today, in
the age of information and pleasure the culture drifts and it is not dependent on the
economics of production but rather on more information and free imagination. The individual becomes free from the tragic conflict of values. Community experience, which
it ensures, is a model of experience of being with others and what is perhaps even more
valuable, being-in-the-world of unquestioned significance. Community contemplates
the passage, does not seek to create „great narratives”, leaving a space for other parts/
fragments. It accounts for rooted local values, it is a place of their articulation. Fandom,
in this perspective, becomes a post-modern form of diaspora.
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Agnieszka Oberc
Uniwersytet Wrocławski*
Ja piszę, ty piszesz, oni piszą. Literacka twórczość
fandomu jako czynnik integrujący społeczność
I Write. You Write. They Write. The Literary Works Of Fandom as A Factor
in Integrating the Community
Abstract
Fan fiction is a fiction based on situations and characters that have been created by someone else. It is written by fans who use original texts to create their own art and culture.
Writing fan fiction is something that fans do together. They discuss original texts, share
their views and opinions about plot and characters, and create common interpretation
that can be used by other fandom members. They also participate in creating new texts
by commenting fanficks published by other fans. Writing is not only a way to express
fans opinions about their favourite books and shows, but also an opportunity to spend
time with people sharing their interests.
Analysis of fan-created texts shows not only its importance to individual fans, but also
a vital role writing fan fiction plays in building fan communities and creating bonds
between their members.
fandom, fan fiction
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LV z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Dominik Antonik
Uniwerstet Jagielloński*
Literatura w audiowizualnym typie kultury
Literature in the Audiovisual Culture
Abstract
The article shows that the biggest beneficiary of possibilities opened by infrastructure
of information society is not contemporary literary avant-garde (hypertexts, electronic
literature etc.) but popular literature ingrained in the very centre of social communication. Authors like Dehnel and Witkowski through their media activity, writing features
in newspapers, blogging, using Facebook, organizing events in public space etc. blur the
line between book and media environment and create interactive, transmedia literary
space. Literature goes beyond books and libraries, like previously visual arts left traditional space of museum. Texts go out of books, enter a public space, meet people, connect
with other media, setting up literary database scattered throughout the culture, which
can be used in a different ways.
literatura, kultura audiowizualna, pisarz
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
K arolina Sidowska
Uniwersytet Łódzki*
Literatura a przełamywanie wstydu
Literature And Overcoming Shame
Abstract
The focus of the article is literary approach to the emotion of shame. My thesis is that
literature can be perceived as a helpful tool for overcoming shame, because it can present most intimate human experiences in aesthetic terms, free from stereotypical moral
judgments. From this perspective I distinguish between exhibitionistic tendencies on
the author’s side and complementary voyeuristic impulse on the side of the reader. In
this context I consider also the phenomenon of literary provocation and its function. In
the next step I analyze two examples from Polish contemporary literature, a literary pregnancy diary Polka of M. Gretkowska and a gay-novel Lubiewo of M. Witkowski, which
are in my opinion interesting proposals of aesthetic view on intimate but also relevant
aspects of everyday life.
literatura, wstyd, tabu
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Dobrawa Lisak-G ębala
Uniwerystet Wrocławski*
Współczesna polska eseistyka w poszukiwaniu
aury obrazów malarskich i fotograficznych
Contemporary Polish Essays In Search For The Aura Of Paintings And
Photographs
Abstract
Contemporary polish essays on paintings and photographs, by Wojciech Karpiński, Zbigniew Herbert, Ewa Bieńkowska, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Wojciech Nowicki and Jacek
Dehnel, are described in the article as the specific kind of real or envisaged journey —
undertaken in space and time, in search for pictures’ aura (Walter Benjamin’s notion).
Since essayists often mention about numerous obstacles that hinder the fully individual
contact with famous paintings (eg. overabundance of known descriptions and artificiality of museum expositions), the increasing writer’s interest in old, unique photographs
could be regarded as an enclave for experience of aura.
esej, opis podróży, malarstwo, fotografia
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
Magdalena Skrzypczak
Uniwersytet Łódzki*
Doświadczanie przestrzeni w figurach wędrownych
jako inicjacja procesu twórczego (off-line)
Experiencing Space In Wandering Figures As An Initiation Of The Creative
Process (Off-Line)
Abstract
This paper focuses on experiencing space as an active, extreme off-line situation of the
author/author in spe. It undertakes the problem of mnemology as a crucial, particular,
and especially private/individual way of actualizing spaces once explored („past-spaces”
actualization). It discusses the practice of space, „signification”/signing of private trajectories, the rhetoric of walking, and wandering/travel as inspiration for literature, writing, and the creative process. The main point of this article is that the figures of speech are the same for both language and space (according to Jean-François Augoyard’s,
Michel de Certeau’s and Joanna Ślósarska’s research). In addition, the human body as
a rhetorical device, via the act of walking down a street or jumping, can bring attention
to important literary issues, such as genology of the text inspired in such a way. It seems
interesting whether it is possible to analyze this kind of writing as an incarnation of the
ancient hodoeporicon in a contemporary entourage.
przestrzeń, figury wędrowne
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LVI z. 2
PL ISSN 0084-4446
K atarzyna Trzeciak
Uniwersytet Jagielloński*
Lubimy czytać, lubimy pisać, ale kto z tego korzysta? Kilka
uwag o społecznościowych portalach recenzenckich
We Likes Reading And Writing But Who Use It? Some Notes On The Social
Networks Of Reviewers
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the phenomen of unprofessional literary
blogs. The main reference is lubimyczytac.pl which has over one hundred thousand of
users who publish their reviews about books. Both lubimyczytac.pl and private literary
blogs create an alternative place for discussing literature beyond professional, academic
literary criticism. This alternative place pretends to be free from depending on market
and to present an „authentic reading experience” rather than professional review. But
schematic composition and language of those texts as well as the need to strive for the
popularity causes the same mechanism of dependence as in professional literary criticism.
krytyka literacka, blog, recenzja