The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia Course Code: MK_25

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The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia
Course Code: MK_25
Language of Instruction: English
Course tutors: Prof. Jonathan Webber
Prof. Webber is a British social anthropologist with special expertise on European Judaism and
European Jews. He taught for eighteen years at the University of Oxford, and then for eight years was
the UNESCO Chair in Jewish and Interfaith Studies at the University of Birmingham (UK) before
moving in 2011 to take up a professorship at the Institute of European Studies of the Jagiellonian
University. Since 1988 Prof. Webber has been researching and documenting the rich history of Polish–
Jewish relations and the cultural heritage of Polish Jews. He is chairman of the Galicia Jewish Museum
in Kazimierz and a member of the International Auschwitz Council advising, promoting and aiding the
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in its various activities. He is author of Rediscovering Traces of
Memory: The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia (Indiana University Press, 2009). Prof. Webber has
been awarded the Gold Cross of Poland's Order of Merit for services to Polish–Jewish dialogue.
Description
This is an introductory course. Its main purpose is to present students with the opportunity to assess
alternative ways of approaching and describing the realities and representations of the post-Holocaust
legacy of the Jewish presence in Poland––through an appreciation of Jewish religious and cultural
achievements over many centuries (and how these are displayed in museums or otherwise treated as
‘Jewish heritage’), through an understanding of the Holocaust as it unfolded in the region (and how it is
commemorated, for example through monuments), and through a general examination of contemporary
memory processes at work, by both Jews and non-Jews. The focus will be on the area of former Galicia
in southern Poland, and the course will include three study visits––to three local synagogues, two local
Jewish museums, and to one local Jewish cemetery.
Type of course
Additional/elective course for students following Central Eastern European Studies, Europeanization
and Government in Central and Eastern Europe and EU specialization. MA level.
Year of Studies: 1 or 2
Number of ECTS points
4.5
Prerequisites
None
Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course students should:
1. have extended their knowledge about the Jewish contribution to the European cultural heritage and
contemporary cultural life in Europe, as well as the functioning of the most important institutions in this
field (K_W17.1+++);
2. have the ability to search, gather and interpret data and information based on relevant sources, and
have the ability to evaluate the importance of sources (K_U01++);
3. be capable of critical analysis, evaluation and synthesis of new and complex ideas (K_U05++); and
4. have the ability to effectively work individually as well as interact and work in a group, performing
different roles in it (K_K02+++).
Course communication
[email protected] or [email protected]
Notices and announcements
Via USOS and the CES office and online calendar.
COURSE ORGANISATION
Spring Semester
Time and Place: will be posted by CES in the online calendar
Course type: lectures and study trips
Contact hours: 30h
Breakdown of ECTS credits
Participation in the classes: 30 hours
Independent study of the topics of the lectures: 30 hours
Preparation of the oral presentation: 16 hours
Preparation of the written essay: 36,5 hours
Total: 112,5 hours
ECTS: 4,5
Didactic methods used
lectures, leading classroom discussions, analysing photos of relevant places, three study trips, one
student seminar
Mode and criteria of assessment of learning outcomes
K_W17.1 – oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar
K_U01 – oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar
K_U05 – oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar
K_K01 – oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar
Assessment
Note: (a) To qualify for assessment, attendance at the classes and study visits is obligatory. Students
missing three or more lectures (or more than one double session or study visit) will need to meet with
the course tutor with a clear proposal how they intend to make up for the missing classes. Missing 50%
or more of the classes will result in failure of the course and the need to retake it the following year. (b)
However, students who have completed the course tutor’s ‘Introduction to European Jewish Religion,
Culture, and Society’ course are exempt from attending sessions 1, 2, and 3. (c) Prior confirmation with
the course tutor of a student’s intention to make an oral presentation at the student seminar in session 12
of the course, together with a provisional topic, will be required by session 9.
Assessment consists of two parts:
(1) End-of-course oral presentation at the student seminar in session 12 (valued at 30% of the final grade
for the assessment): students, either on their own or in a ‘group presentation’ of two people, should
speak on a relevant topic of their choice for approx. 10–15 minutes, depending on the number of
students in the course. A ‘relevant topic’ for this purpose means something focused on some aspect of
the Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia, although reference to wider issues of heritage or Jewish heritage
generally is of course welcome. Marks will be based on three equally-ranked criteria: content (research,
knowledge, and understanding of the chosen topic), quality of argument and style (i.e. communication
skills), and participation in the end-of-course seminar discussion.
(2) Written essay, prepared at home (valued at 70% of the final grade for the assessment): “Imagine that
you are the curator of a small new photographic exhibition in a local school in southern Poland on the
subject of the contemporary Jewish heritage in Poland (not necessarily the Jewish heritage of the actual
locality). Choose four present-day (not historical) photos taken at different Jewish heritage sites of your
choice in or relating to somewhere in Polish Galicia––they may be photos that have already been
published (for example, in Rediscovering Traces of Memory or in the press), or they may be photos of
your own or of a friend. You may include Holocaust sites if you wish, but if so they should not be more
than two out of your four photos. You should write (a) captions (minimum 200 words, maximum 250
words each) for each of these photos; and (b) an essay of 3,000 words briefly introducing your choice of
photos but concentrating on explaining your thinking and philosophy underlying the texts of your four
captions (with reference to relevant literature as appropriate), and in particular explaining alternative
ideas for caption texts that you have considered but rejected. Sources (and a bibliography) should be
routinely provided as in any academic paper: the sources of your photos as well as bibliographic
references for all factual material cited in your essay. Please note that a ‘present-day’ photo means a
photo taken at any time since 1989; proposals of historical photos (defined for this purpose as pre-war
photos) will not be considered for assessment.”
No.
Seminars
Title of the session
COURSE STRUCTURE
Format
3.
‘Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very Lecture, discussion
brief introduction to Jewish religion and
culture relevant to the study of Jewish
heritage’ (Part I)
‘Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very Lecture, discussion
brief introduction to Jewish religion and
culture relevant to the study of Jewish
heritage’ (Part II)
Study visit to four synagogues in Kazimierz, Study visit
Kraków
4.
Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a
1.
2.
Lecture, discussion
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
museum: (Part I)
Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a
museum: (Part II)
Study visit to two Jewish museums in
Kazimierz, Kraków
Rediscovering the traces of memory of the
Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia’ (Part I)
Rediscovering the traces of memory of the
Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia’ (Part II)
How is the Jewish past being remembered in
Poland? (Part I)
How is the Jewish past being remembered in
Poland? (Part II)
Study visit to the Miodowa Street cemetery
in Kazimierz
Student seminar and discussion
Lecture, discussion
Study visit
Lecture, discussion
Lecture, discussion
Lecture, discussion
Lecture, discussion
Study visit
Seminar
DETAILED COURSE STRUCTURE
‘Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very brief
introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to
the study of Jewish heritage’ (Part I & II).
Lecture, Discussion
A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and
culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage’.
Session no. 1 & 2
Format
Aim of the session, main issues discussed
Key readings for the session
Questions for class discussion
readings)
Additional/further readings
*Jonathan Webber, Rediscovering Traces of
Memory: The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia
(Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, for
the Galicia Jewish Museum, Kraków, 2009).
* This is a key text-book for the whole course.
(based
on
De Lange, Nicholas, An Introduction to Judaism
(Cambridge University Press, 2000).
Dosick, Wayne, Living Judaism: The Complete
Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and
Practice (Harper, 1995).
Neusner, Jacob, An Introduction to Judaism (John
Knox, 1991).
Solomon, Norman, Judaism: A Very Short
Introduction (Oxford University Press, 1996).
Unterman, Alan, Jews: Their Religious Beliefs and
Practices (Sussex Academic Press 1981,
1996).
Wouk, Herman, This is my God: The Jewish Way of
Life (1959 and later editions).
Study visit to four synagogues in Kazimierz,
Kraków.
3h Study visit
The study trip will encompass the Rema in Szeroka
Street, the Kupa and the Tempel in Miodowa Street,
and (time permitting) the Izaaka in Kupa Street. The
emphasis in this study visit will be on the nature of a
synagogue (including its ritual features and its
architecture), comparisons between the synagogues,
and the differences between Orthodoxy and
Progressive Judaism in the modern world (lectures at
each place, with questions and discussion as
appropriate).
Session no. 3
Format
readings)
Krinsky, Carol Herselle, Synagogues of Europe:
Architecture, History, Meaning (Cambridge, Mass.:
Architectural History Foundation, 1985): on
synagogues in Poland, pp. 200–212; on synagogue
architecture in general, pp. 1–100.
(based
Session no. 4-5
Format
on
Kadish, Sharman, ‘The “Cathedral Synagogues” of
England’, Jewish Historical Studies: Transactions of
the Jewish Historical Society of England, vol. 39
(2004), pp. 45–77.
Kozińska-Witt, Hanna, ‘The Association of
Progressive Jews in Kraków, 1864–1874’, Polin:
Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 23 (2011), pp. 119–34.
Loukomski, George K., Jewish Art in European
Synagogues: From the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth
Century (London: Hutchinson, 1947).
Wischnitzer, Rachel, The Architecture of the
European
Synagogue
(Philadelphia:
Jewish
Publication Society of America, 1964).
Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a museum
(Part I & II)
Lecture, Discussion
A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and
culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage’.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, Destination Culture:
Tourism, Museums, and Heritage (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1998), pp. 79–128 on
‘exhibiting Jews’.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, ‘Theater of History’,
in Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett and Antony
Polonsky (eds),
Polin: 1000 Year History of Polish Jews (Warsaw:
Museum of the History of the
Polish Jews, 2014), pp. 19–35.
Webber, Jonathan, Rediscovering Traces of Memory,
pp. 12–26, plus notes on pp. 136–8.
* Note that the above are key readings for sessions 46.
Questions
readings)
for
class
discussion
(based
on
What should be shown, and what kind of
descriptions should be provided? The problems and
challenges for Jewish museums in present-day, postHolocaust Poland’.
Clark, David, Developing Jewish Museums in
Europe (London: Institute for Jewish Policy
Research, 1999).
Craddy, Kate, ‘Jewish Museums’, in Kate Craddy,
Mike Levy, and Jakub Nowakowski (eds), Poland: A
Jewish Matter (Warszawa: Adam Mickiewicz
Institute, 2010), pp. 143–52.
Długosz, Elżbieta, ‘Hasidic Customs and their Traces
in Museum Collections’, in Elżbieta
Długosz (ed.), Time of the Hasidim (exhibition
catalogue), (transl. Małgorzata Walczak and Kris
Nowicki), (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta
Krakówa and Katedra Judaistyki Uniwersitetu
Jagiellońskiego, 2005), pp. 77–107.
Duda, Eugeniusz, Anna Jodłowiec, and Faina
Petriakowa, Treasures of the Galician Jewish
Heritage: Jewish Collections from the Museum of
Ethnography and Artistic Crafts in Lvov (Cracow:
Muzeum Historyczne m. Krakówa, 1993).
Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Virtually Jewish: Reinventing
Jewish Culture in Europe (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 2002), pp. 155–79 on Jewish
museums.
Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas, ‘Thoughts on the Role of
a European Jewish Museum in the 21st Century’, in
Richard I. Cohen (ed.), Visualizing and Exhibiting
Jewish Space and History (Studies in Contemporary
Jewry, 26), (New York: Oxford University Press,
2012), pp. 243–57.
Lebet-Minakowska, Anna, ‘Judaica Collections at
the National Museum in Kraków’ (transl. William
Brand), Catalogue of the 14th Jewish Culture Festival
in Kraków (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Plus, 2004), pp.
63–4.
Steinlauf, Michael, ‘Notes on Galician Jews’, Polin:
* Note that the above are suggested readings for
sessions 4-6.
Study visit to two Jewish museums in Kazimierz
3h Study visit
Study visit to two Jewish museums in Kazimierz: the
Old Synagogue Museum and the Galicia Jewish
Museum. The emphasis in this visit will be on the
nature of a Jewish museum (including the different
kinds of artefacts on display), a comparison between
the two museums (including the different strategies
regarding the captioning of the exhibits), and the
differences between ritual artefacts and the possible
representation of secular, modern Judaism
(introductory lecture at each museum, followed by
students’ directed research, and concluded with
questions and discussion as appropriate).
* See session 4-5
Session no. 6
Format
readings)
(based
on
* See session 4-5
Rediscovering the traces of memory of the Jewish
heritage of Polish Galicia’ (Part I & II)
Lecture, Discussion
Session no. 7-8
Format
readings)
Murzyn, Monika A., Kazimierz: The Central
European Experience of Urban Regeneration,
(Kraków: International Cultural Centre, 2006).
(based
on
Bartal, Israel, and Antony Polonsky, ‘Introduction:
The Jews of Galicia under the Habsburgs’, Polin:
Bartosz, Adam, In the Footsteps of the Jews of
Tarnów (transl.Annamaria Orla-Bukowska and
Hanoch Fenichel), (Tarnów: Muzeum Okręgowe w
Tarnowie, 2007).
Cała, Alina, ‘The Shtetl: Cultural Evolution in Small
Jewish Towns’, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol.
17 (2004), pp. 133–41.
Orla-Bukowska, Annamaria, ‘Shtetl Communities:
Another Image’, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol.
8 (1994), pp. 89–113.
Murzyn-Kupisz, Monika, and Jacek Purchla (eds.),
Reclaiming Memory: Urban Regeneration in the
Historic Jewish Quarters of Central European Cities
(Kraków: International Cultural Centre, 2009);
chapters by Firestone, Gruber, Lustig, and MurzynKupisz.
Piechotka, Maria and Kazimierz, ‘Jewish Districts in
the Spatial Structure of Polish Towns’, Polin: Studies
in Polish Jewry, vol. 5 (1990), pp. 24–39.
How is the Jewish past being remembered in Poland?
(Part I & II)
Lecture, Discussion
(a) Comparing memorialization before and after
1989. (b) Making sense of the Auschwitz site today’
(two lectures, with questions and discussion as
appropriate).
Session no. 9 & 10
Format
Webber, Jonathan, ‘Jewish Kraków, Real and
Imagined: Notes on the Sociology of Memory’, in
Michał Niezabitowski et al. (eds.), The Eagle
Pharmacy: History and Memory (Kraków: Muzeum
Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2013), pp. 232–62.
readings)
(based
on
Bergman, Eleonora, and Jan Jagielski, ‘The Function
of Synagogues in the PPR, 1988’, Polin:
Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 5 (1990), pp.
40–9.
Charlesworth, Andrew, ‘The Topography of
Genocide’, in Dan Stone (ed.), The Historiography of
the Holocaust (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
2004), pp.216–52.
Gross, Natan, ‘Mordechai Gebirtig: The Folk Song
and the Cabaret Song’, Polin: Studies in Polish
Jewry, vol. 16 (2003), pp. 107–17.
Gruber, Ruth Ellen, ‘The Kraków Jewish Culture
Festival’, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry,
vol. 16 (2003), pp. 357–67.
Gryta, Jan, ‘The Politics of Remembrance in
Kraków: The Holocaust Memorial Monuments,
Plaques and Obelisks before 1989’, in Michał
Niezabitowski et al. (eds.), The Eagle Pharmacy:
History and Memory (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne
Miasta Krakówa, 2013), pp. 157–86.
Lennon, John, and Malcolm Foley, Dark Tourism
(Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010).
Young, James E., The Texture of Memory: Holocaust
Memorials and Meaning (New Haven
and London: Yale University Press, 1993), pp. 113–
208.
Study visit to the Miodowa Street cemetery in
Kazimierz
3h Study visit
The emphasis in this visit will be on the nature of a
Jewish cemetery and comparisons between the
different kinds of tombstones and their inscriptions to
be found on this site (introductory lecture, followed
by a guided visit through the cemetery, with the
opportunity for students to undertake their own
research as they wish, with questions and discussion
as appropriate throughout).
Session no. 11
Format
readings)
Krajewska, Monika, A Tribe of Stones: Jewish
Cemeteries in Poland (Warsaw: Polish
Scientific Publishers, 1993).
(based
on
Goberman, David, Carved Memories: Heritage in
Stone from the Russian Jewish Pale (New York:
Rizzoli, 2000): pp. 9–25.
Gruber, Samuel, and Phyllis Myers, with Eleonora
Bergman and Jan Jagielski, Survey of Historic Jewish
Monuments in Poland: A Report to the United States
Commission for the Preservation of America's
Heritage Abroad, 2nd edn. ([n.p.]: Jewish Heritage
Council, World Monuments Fund, 1995).
Kadish, Sharman, ‘Jewish Funerary Architecture in
Britain and Ireland since 1656’, Jewish Historical
Studies [Transactions of the Jewish Historical
Society of England], vol . 43 (2011), pp. 59–88.
Nowakowski, Andrzej, Blowup: The New Jewish
Cemetery in Kraków (Kraków: Towarzystwo
Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas,
2006).
Student seminar and discussion
Seminar, Discussion
The aim is to provide students with the opportunity
to present their ideas.
Session no. 12
Format
Questions
readings)
for
class
discussion
(based
on
a. Other material
Additional publications on Jewish heritage in many different localities, as available. The following
general internet sites have a lot of material: www.polin.org.pl, www.kirkuty.xip.pl,
www.sztetl.org.pl/en/, www.fodz.pl. An extremely important reference work is Gershon David
Hundert (ed.), The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press,
2008); available online at http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/ ––see, for example, entries for Hasidism,
Shtetl. There are numerous articles by journalists on the subject available on the internet.
b. Here is a list of other suggested (but not essential) introductory/background readings, though
please note that this list is far from exhaustive:
Bałaban, Majer, Przewodnik po żydowskich zabytkach Krakówa (Kraków: Stowarzyszenie
Solidarność B’nei B’rith w Krakówie, 1935).
Benisch, Pearl, Carry Me in your Heart: The Life and Legacy of Sarah Schenirer, Founder
and Visionary of the Bais Yaakov Movement (Jerusalem and New York: Feldheim,
2003).
Bergman, Eleonora, and Jan Jagielski, Zachowane synagogi i domy modlitwy w Polsce:
Katalog (Warsaw: Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1996).
Bujnowska, Anna, and Dorota Krakówska, Byliśmy / Once We Were [Polish–English
bilingual edition] (Tarnów: BWA w Tarnowie, 2014).
Cohen, Richard I., ‘Exhibiting History or History in a Showcase’, Jewish History 12: 2
(1998), pp. 97–112.
Duch, Marta, and Mateusz Dyngosz, Rich in Culture––the Małopolska Region: Following the
History and Culture of Jews in Małopolska (Kraków: Foundation Institute for
Strategic Studies, 2009).
Duda, Eugeniusz, The Jews of Cracow (trans. Ewa Basiura), (Kraków: Hagada and ArgonaJarden Jewish Bookshop, 1999).
Dylewski, Adam, Where the Tailor was a Poet . . .: Polish Jews and their Culture. An
Illustrated Guide (trans. Wojciech Graniczewski and Ramon Schindler), (BielskoBiała: Pascal, 2002); much of this material is also available on the internet.
Gawron, Edyta et al. (eds.), Field Guide to Jewish Warsaw and Kraków (Warsaw: Taube
Center for the Renewal of Jewish Life in Poland Foundation, 2012), pp.74–120.
Gebert, Konstanty, ‘Jewish Identities in Poland: New, Old, and Imaginary’, in Jonathan
Webber (ed.), Jewish Identities in the New Europe (London: Littman Library of
Jewish Civilization, 1994), pp. 161–7.
Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Jewish Heritage Travel: A Guide to Eastern Europe (Washington, DC:
National Geographic, 2007).
Hoffman, Eva, Shtetl: The Life and Death of a Small Town and the World of Polish Jews
(London: Secker & Warburg, 1998).
Hońdo, Leszek, Stary Żydowski cmentarz w Krakówie: Historia cmentarza,
analiza hebrajskich inskrypcji (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu
Jagiellońskiego, 1999).
-------- Hebrajska epigrafika nagrobna w Polsce (Kraków: Universitas, 2014).
Hubka, Thomas C., Resplendent Synagogue: Architecture and Worship in an Eighteenth-
Century Polish Community (Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2003).
Katz, Steven T. (ed.), The Shtetl: New Evaluations (New York and London: New York
University Press, 2007).
Krajewski, Stanisław, Poland and the Jews: Reflections of a Polish Polish Jew (Kraków:
Austeria, 2005).
Lehrer, Erica T., Jewish Poland Revisited: Heritage Tourism in Unquiet Places
(Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2013).
Meng, Michael, Shattered Spaces: Encountering Jewish Ruins in Postwar Germany and
Poland (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011).
Pash, Rabbi Boaz, The Remuh Synagogue and the Old Cemetery Guide (transl. Tehilah van
Luit), (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Hagada, 2008).
Pióro, Anna, The Kraków Ghetto 1941–1943: A Guide to the Area of the Former Ghetto
(Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2010).
Polonsky, Antony (gen. ed.), Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry (27 vols., important relevant
articles in vols. 5, 8, 12, 16, 17, 21, 23, and 24).
Potocki, Andrzej, Śladami chasydzkich cadyków w Podkarpackiem (Rzeszów: Carpathia,
2008).
Purchla, Jacek, and Aleksander Skotnicki (eds.), Świat przed katastrofą: Żydzi Krakówscy w
dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym / A World before a Catastrophe: Kraków’s Jews between
the Wars (Kraków: Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury, 2007).
Rejduch-Samkowa, Izabella, and Jan Samek (eds.), Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, iv:
Miasto Kraków, pt. 6: ‘Kazimierz i Stradom, Judaica: Bóźnice, budowle publiczne i
cmentarze’ (Warsaw: Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1995).
Rosman, M. J., How Jewish Is Jewish History? (Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish
Civilization, 2007), esp. pp. 82–110.
Spector, Shmuel (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life before and during the Holocaust (3
vols.), (New York: New York University Press; Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2001).
Waligórska, Magdalena, Klezmer’s Afterlife: An Ethnography of the Jewish Music Revival in
Poland and Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).
-------- ‘The Framing of the Jew: Paradigms of Incorporation and Difference in the Jewish
Heritage Revival in Poland’, Jewish Cultural Studies 4 (ed. Simon J. Bronner), 2014,
pp. 313–31.
Wilczyk, Wojciech, Niewinne oko nie istnieje / There’s No Such Thing as an Innocent Eye
(Łódź and Kraków: Atlas Sztuki and Korporacja Halart, 2009)
Wodziński, Marcin, Groby cadyków w Polsce: O chasydzkiej literaturze nagrobnej i jej
kontekstach (Wrocław: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Polonistyki Wrocławskiej, 1998).
Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.), Contested Memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and
its Aftermath (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003).
Żyra, Krzysztof, Przedwojenny Krakówski Kazimierz: Najpiękniejsze fotografie (Kraków:
Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2014).

The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia Course Code: MK_25

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