jawiska ekstatyczne w obrz¸dach rosyjskich mistycznych sekt
Transkrypt
jawiska ekstatyczne w obrz¸dach rosyjskich mistycznych sekt
REVIEW PAPER Curr Probl Psychiatry 2012; 13(4):299-302 sekt raskol Extatic phenomena in rituals of Russian mystic religion groups Henryk Welcz Katedra i Klinika Psychiatrii UM w Lublinie Streszczenie Trans jest terminem medycznym zawartym w owotnych /ICD – 10/ ! "# $%&&'* !$ " "+ !,o+ "+ . 5, !. ' 6 " . +7 8 !"+ ' " 8 + , "5 + . ! !" sta ,, . ! . < " !<8 "+ " !" , + "" ! !5an' = < 5 !. . " + ., ch $. !$' Ï > 8 !8 ". Abstract Trance is a med ! ? @ B F /ICD – GJ$ ! $%&&'* < !$ onal lo ! "< ""<' ? ? ! 8 ! 8 ! B" mystic religion groups called ' Phenomena 8 N" 8 " < !" " !< !< 8 cterised by the deviation in subjective understanding of the reality and the change towards the approved forms of behaviour during experiencing ' O ! Q B" < <"!' > 8 !8 " Trans jest terminem medycznym zawartym i $?@ – 10/ w pod "# $%&&'* !$ i oznacza zaburzeni "+ !j,+ "+ . 5, !. ' ? n" +> 5 !< ,,8 " " , 8 i5 S 8 u "' X" ?@GJ8 y.+ "8 + 5 8 + " !o < < "" YGZ' 6 # @ –IV=B !"+ " w postaci tran" " S8 !+ Copyright © 2012 Medical University of Lublin " 5, 8 !"+8 5 . !!"8 . ! . z8 , 8 ' 6 5" ?@-10 + " ,,8 ! 5, !"+ , << ! "" Y[Z' 6 " . +7 ' obecnymi w rosyjskich 8 < .8 ! !<"'' Radienija / radieniie - !,78 <i,78 $ . .n <"! !.+ !, #8 + " . +" < \o<' = +" # ! @ ! O+ 8 !.+ ,!e- 300 8 8 < !' 6 " ! " .+,7 @" ]' ^ !" + + !> 1) „stateczkiem” – "+ + +<8 + "<+8 ! + << w ko. !"+' 2) _,+` – 5 " "+ +< + !8 ! + _ .#` q !{ 5 !"+8 3) _5 – & " | " ! G " [ . <"! + !8 a! 8 + ! 8 + 8 ! !+8 5 + 8 4) „pojedynczo” – , ,! a+ " 8 5 + 78 "S ".5 specjalne koszule /sarafany/ bez !8 + ! "+ 5<' = " ! !7 . 7 ,7 "l+' 6"+ " . " . !78 !a. 5 <' X #. ! !" . $ a +$' 6 !" u . 58 !. _o" ,`' ?+ < 5 . grup religij . ! 8 " .5# ."+ ,7 ! !a ".' 6 owego rozkwitu zbiorowej eksta ".7 5 . "< "> _ @" \<8 @" \<8 @"8 @"8 "` _X <} X <} ~Q} @" Q} @" Q}8 !! + !, .a+ @" ]<8 _~< .` "b _ "` +!. ' 8 5 "+ , w+8 +S "!+ " !!' ?! ., +! $,$ @" ]< " a _5 "S`' + ! "o, + ! !"'Y*Z' 5 ! + !owane "5 "! ""+ wne tradycyjne zwyczaje rosyjskich mistycznych sekt !. " ." $ y" ."$ , !o. J – ??? "' !o + ! " tazy . ! '' , . 5 < ' Curr Probl Psychiatry 2012; 13(4):299-302 F' 6 !i "+ + ,+ ,, ! ! "<8 e"+ " !" , a+ "" ! !5 ' O' "< !. 7 "+ awiska: 1 ,! , " . ! "< "e" ' [' " !" " ! !" , 5 e#, "' *' 65 " " !ozyty " <' &' !" , +< ,a' < !8 "S ' ' ! + ! " .< , ekstazy z je ! "<'8 ' " . " ,' ' " !< < a # !" "8 e8 " 5 !""'8 8 , 8 <+ " , 9 ,7 " <, !edzianego8 $!< " "+ "S$8 GJ' " . "<,7 $"+ ierunku odbierania S Y&Z' 6 !, "< ."< < acza jest wynikiem destabilizacji emocjonalno poznaw8 !o <+ 5 " < ,' X "+ 5 niej7 !+ ! utracie kontroli nad swoimi zachowaniami podda+ ! !.+ ! <"!' =,7 "< ! 5 .'YZ' " O". !+ . ! ., iczych grup re< ! + !!<< "' awisk transowych zacho !"+ ! ". !.+ " ". ! kt raskolniczych "< ,,' ! !"+ ,7 ! ! <, w in "5 , 8 5 , !. < !" !' o "5 < r" " 5 ! "" 'YZ' # G' [' *' &' ' ' 8 +8 . > 6 _"`8 8 G&' ! F'?'8 \'~'8 'O'> 8 6 8 6.8 [JJ&' ='8 ] ",8 6c 8 68 [JJ "< O' '8 O " Y>Z = ' =' Y'Z8 O "8 G =' 5 " "< <' . 6 8 8 [JJ*' 6 F'> !lskiej wiejskiej kulturze ' " 8 &8 [JGG' $ Trance is a medical term contained in Chapter V of ? @ Related Health Problems (ICD–10) in the part of dissoci q%&&'* < !{ and denotes a disorder characterised by the transitional loss of own identity and decline of complete "< ""<' = cteristics of a trance are: narrow and blurred conscious8 < " <icant "< 8 !" Q8 < "o Q' = " in ICD–10 covers only this states of trance which are ! 8 " " situations accepted because of the religion or cultural YGZ' FQ8 O @-IV-TR trance as a dissociational disorders meant by appear and a " 8 8 "< ! " !8 " ! ' ? ?@ – 10 these "8 occurring only in some geographical regions and only in "" Y[Z' = !8 called present in the activity of the Russian 301 mystic religion groups called 8 ! groups of Ï8 and ' % # Ȁ – B" <8 Q8 $ << members of the group joined with the songs and dances8 < << i ' @ dance of the prophet David in front of the Arc of the Q <<8 <<8 !!< <' @"< this rituals the members went into trance and felt the connection with F !' There are four ways of the expiatory exercises of the purgatory sense: G' “small ship” – 8 < ! 8 < 8 N" "!< [' ”small wall” - the members also make a circle " < 8 the sun” (form the left side to the right) also jumping *' “small cross” – 4 or 8 people divide themselves into 1 or 2 member of the group in each corner of 8 ! 8 N" < < the places &' “individually” – several persons move into the middle of the chamber and spin around in the same !8 < ! < a8 N" N" 8 their special loosely left shirts without belt - !" "! " ' = to weaken strength and decrease the sexual attractive' 6< !!<8 < !!' = " ended with the eating pieces of bread and drinking q { <' = dipped in the drink and next the fluid was distributed "`' The essence of the daily life of the members of these religion groups were ascetical abstaining from < 8 < " " marriages and this is thought by many researchers to be the reason of the necessity of such gathering mentioned above and celebrate this ecstatic "' ? state of topmost bloom of the collective ecstasy there " "<<Q 8 " > Dz ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ dz or DzǨǨ Ǩ Ǩ Ǩdz which were intermixed < < F ! – = \< %` = \ `8 Q' ? !! !!< < <" !! ' ? ! < F ! < Curr Probl Psychiatry 2012; 13(4):297-300 302 !! !!`' = < speeches of the visited persons with the instructive character and connected with prophecies Y*Z' B" similar to this described are still practiced in not numerous groups which cultivate the old traditions of the Russian mystical sects of created as the result of the schism (in Russian Ï{ B" Xodox Church during t J G|- "' mparable ways of achieving the state of ecstasy were ! ' < the Gauls and Corybantes' % raskolniki The behaviours of the persons which took part in the rituals of radienjia have the characteristics of the < " "<8 which are characterized by the anomaly in the subjective perception of the reality and the change in reference to the recognized types of behaviour during this ' O "< <" " characterize these phenomena: G' \< < "Q "rbances of memory concentration and attention focused <' [' Impaired sense of time with the feeling of ! ' *' Impression of the loss of self-control perQ !Q <Q' &' Change of the sense of the reality of the surrounding world with the disappearance of the borders 8 << !! b' ' Change of the emotional expression with the oscillation between feelings of perfect happiness and ecstasy on the one 8 !8 ' ' Change of the perception of the body with the subjective sensations of the levitation and being incor!' ' @ !!8 ! Q" ! " "8 8 lucina !""' |' < < <8 ! < <' ' The ability to feel something unspeakable q! " !!{' GJ'The feeling of rejuvenation and oversuggestibility impaired in one direction of receiving " Y&Z' O< 8 susceptibility to suggestion is the result of emotional <Q 8 " < < " <' sons QQ " "8 " !!< Q Q8 Curr Probl Psychiatry 2012; 13(4):299-302 F' 6 " < <"!' = "<<8 <Q 8 YZ' Conclusions This article is an attempt to outline the little known aspects of Russian mystic religious groups called from the perspective of psychopatho< ' phenomena behavior of persons practicing the rituals fulfill the conditions formulated by Ludwig for altered "' ! " attractiveness and demand for this type of religiosity even in other historical circumstances than those which encouraged such practi' !mena but of a different than religious character is also " " "" YZ' # G' [' *' &' ' ' 8 +8 . > 6 _"`8 8 G&' ! F'?'8 \'~'8 'O'> z8 6 8 6.8 [JJ&' ='8 ] ",8 6c 8 68 [JJ "< O' '8 O " Y>Z = ' =' Y'Z8 O "8 G =' 5 " "< i<' . 6 8 8 [JJ*' 6 F'> ! "urze ta' " 8 &8 [JGG' & Henryk Welcz Katedra i Klinika Psychiatrii UM "' ." G 20-439 Lublin