Nowa Trybuna Opolska : 01 (DK - OP

P^avltl`ltb
Pmlb`wkf`v
O“Ċklolakbd^qrkhfaowbtltl`ltv`ew^p^*
awlklk^`^bgLmlipw`wvkfb
K^g_^oawfbg^hqvtkblmliphfbplb`qt^_flo„
rawf^tt^opwq^q^`ewk^rhlt`^jf
PQO+0
PQO+1
@wt^oqbh)/1ifpqlm^a^/-.3
?flo“ċklolakl¶‹
Lmlipw`wvwkv
*ph^o_bjawfbawf`qt^mowvolakf`wbdl
>kaowbg?r^)
j^opw^bh
tlgbt“awqt^lmliphfbdl7
La.1al/.ifpqlm^a^to^j^`eObdflk^i*
kbdlMoldo^jrLmbo^`vgkbdlla_vt^
pfšaordfk^_“omolgbhq“talqv`w„`v`e
_flo“Ċklolakl¶`f+Altvhlowvpq^kf^_vl
qvjo^wbj/2jikw+Hlkhropphfbolt^*
kv_vmowbabtpwvpqhfjalp^jlow„a“t)
fkpqvqr`gfwtf„w^kv`ewl`eolk„mowvolav)
r`wbikf`wvlod^kfw^`gfmlw^ow„altv`e+
Alcfk^kplt^kfbjlĊk^rwvph^‹k^ob^ifw^`gšmowbapfštwfš‹wtf„w^*
kv`ej+fk+wl`eolk„d^qrkh“tw^dolĊlkv`e)l`eolk„fla_ralt„w^*
dolĊlkv`epfbaifphmowvolakf`wv`e)qtlowbkfbj`bkqo“tl`eolkv
o“Ċklolakl¶`f_flildf`wkbg)lmo^`lt^kfbjmoldo^j“tl`eolkvai^
m^oh“tho^gl_o^wltv`efobwbot^q“tmowvolav+Tpm^o`fbjld„lqowv*
j^‹qbĊmolgbhqvw^h^a^g„`bqtlowbkfbkltv`elo^wl`eolkšfpqkfb*
g„`v`emljkfh“tmowvolav)rĊvqh“tbhlildf`wkv`e)pq^kltfphalhr*
jbkq^`vgkv`e)wbpml“tmowvolakf`wl*ho^gl_o^wltv`e`wvqbĊtv*
hlowvpq^kfbilh^ikv`ew^pl_“tmowvolakf`wv`e)molt^awbkfbh^j*
m^kff barh^`vgkl*fkcloj^`vgkv`e+ Wdlakfb w e^ojlkldo^jbj
hlkhropr)gbdlolwpqowvdkfš`fbmi^klt^kbgbpqk^htfb`fbÓmowvpwb*
dlolhr+
J^jvk^awfbgš)Ċb_šawfbjvjfbifw`wbdltv_fbo^‹+Mowvmljkš)Ċb
mlwfljmolgbhq“twlĊlkv`etmfbotpwvjk^_lowb_vq^htvplhf)Ċb
W^ow„aTlgbt“awqt^mlag„tqbavab`vwgšlmltfšhpwbkfrmrifmowv*
wk^kv`ealq^`gffalcfk^kplt^kfrtpwvpqhf`etkflphla^t`“t+@^*
hltfq^t^oql¶‹molgbhq“ttvkflp^tqbavlhll/4jikw+L_b`kfb
ob^ifwlt^kv`egbpq..molgbhq“twqbgawfbawfkv+P„_^oawlo“ĊkbËql
molgbhqvlafktbpqv`gffkco^pqorhqro^ikv`e)l`eolkvow^ahf`ed^qrk*
h“t)^Ċmlbarh^`gšbhlildf`wk„+F`e^rqlo^jfp„p^jlow„av)r`wbi*
kfb)lod^kfw^`gbmlw^ow„altb+P^jlow„aLmli^ob^ifwrgbmolgbhq
tlmliphfjldolawfbwllildf`wkvj*qlj+fk+mowb_ralt^folw_ral*
t^fpqkfbg„`bgpwhi^okf)Hšawfbowvk*HlibfRkftbopvqbqLmliphfmlpq^*
tfvk^l`eolkšw^_vqhltv`em^oh“tËtP^tfš`f`^`efA„_oltfb
KfbjlaifÓphfbg)?owbdla_raltrgbpq^tk^qbobkfbM^ohr@bkqo^ikb*
dl+T¶o“aqv`e..molgbhq“tp„qowvob^ifwlt^kbmowbwp^jlow„atl*
gbt“awqt^+Qo^hqlt^kbp„hljmibjbkq^okfb*alqv`w„fktbkq^ovw^*
`gflmliphf`ew^pl_“tmowvolakf`wv`e)barh^`gffmlakfbpfbkf^¶tf^*
aljl¶`fmowvolakf`wbgjfbpwh^Ó`“t)^q^hĊbmoljlt^kf^mlpq^t)
pmowvg^g„`v`el`eolkfb_ld^qbgmowvolavk^pwbdlobdflkr+
Tprjfbal/-/-olhrtObdflk^ikvjMoldo^jfbLmbo^`vgkvjw^*
mfp^klk^l`eolkšo“Ċklolakl¶`f_flildf`wkbg//)5jikbrol+
Tfb¶qlkfbqvihlolikf`qtl)
^ibqbĊhriqro^fmowvola^
5R]PRZD]$QWRQLP.RQRSNÅ
F]ĂRQNLHP]DU]ÅGXZRMHZ³G]
WZDRSROVNLHJR
L`eolk^_flo“Ċklolakl¶`f
mlibd^k^qtlowbkfrrolwj^*
f`lkbdlho^gl_o^wrwo“Ċkv*
jfbhlpvpqbj^jf)^Row„a
J^opw^hltphfTlgbt“aw*
qt^ Lmliphfbdl jl`kl
_flo“Ċklolakl¶‹moljrgb
fw^`eš`^olikfh“talrol*
wj^f`^kf^rmo^t+Ai^`wbdl<
La tfbir i^q ob^ifwrgbjv
moldo^jLakltvTpf)hq“ov
j+fk+ ml_raw^ ^hqvtkl¶‹
tpmlb`wkl¶`f^`eilh^ikv`e
mlql)^_vĊvlpfšq^jibmfbg+
Alqbgmlovphrmf^if¶jvpfš
k^moljl`gfftvhlowvpq^kfr
w^pl_“thriqroltv`e)l_b`*
kfbfpqlqk„awfbawfk„k^pwv`e
awf^^Ó
pq^v
pfš
_flo“Ċklolakl¶‹flq^`w^g„`b
lmliphfbplb`qt^¶olaltfphl)
wt^pw`w^qlw^dolĊlkbftv*
j^d^g„`bl`eolkv+Mlakfbpfb*
kfb ¶tf^aljl¶`f f tfbawv
tqvjw^hobpfbmltfkklmowv*
`wvkf‹pfšalwtfšhpwbkf^w^*
fkqbobplt^kf^lql`wbkfbjtpf
fgbdlt^ilo^jfmowvolakf`wv*
jf+Ql)tml„`wbkfrw^hqvt*
kl¶`f„pmlb`wk„f`eš`f„w^*
`elt^kf^awfbawf`qt^hriqrol*
tbdl) mltfkkl tmvk„‹
k^olwt“glmliphfbgtpf+W^`eš*
`^jvw^qbjal`^l¶`fltbdl
pmlgowbkf^k^tfb¶)kfbqvihlg^*
hljfbgp`^molt^awbkf^dl*
pmla^ohfolikbg)^ibq^hĊbg^hl
jfbgp`^)dawfb_ld^`qtlhri*
qroltbfmowvolakf`wbmltfk*
kl wlpq^‹ w^`elt^kb ai^
mowvpwv`emlhlibÓ+
Tqbj^`fb_flo“Ċklolakl¶`f
pmlolpfšawfbgbtk^pwvjob*
dflkfb)_vtpmljkfb‹`el*
`f^Ċ_v m^oh t @eo“¶`fkfb
fmoljl`gšpq^kltfph^pw`wb*
Ċrf`wvlakltfbkfbobwbot^*
qr ÞPq^t Kltlhrkf`hfÎ
tdjfkfbMo“pwh“t)dawfbtv*
pqšmrgb d^qrkbh hlqbthf
lowb`e^tlakbdl+Qbo^wto^*
j^`emolgbhqrqot^w^h^a^*
kfbk^Lmlipw`wvkfbp^a“t
ltl`ltv`e+G^hfbaowbth^p„
p^awlkbfhqlgbpqw^^kd^Ċl*
t^kvtqbmo^`b<
Laml`w„qhrolhrolwml`wš*
if¶jvtobdflkfbmoljl`gšfabf
qtlowbkf^k^l_pw^o^`etfbg*
phf`e jlabiltv`e p^a“t
aowbt ltl`ltv`e+ Mljvp
rowšarj^opw^hltphfbdlwl*
pq^ al_owb mowvgšqv mowbw
jfbpwh^Ó`“t plb`qt Ë
tbcbh`fbk^mowbljfbm^*
awfbokfh^ f ifpqlm^a^ t 00
jfbgp`ltl¶`f^`ew/5lmli*
phf`edjfkw^lĊlkbwlpq^v
p^av qo^av`vgkv`e lajf^k
aowbtltl`ltv`e+W^fkqbob*
plt^kf ifabowv lakltv tpf
jldiflqowvj^‹wrowšarj^o*
pw^hltphfbdlmlhfih^k^¶`fb
pwqrhpq^ov`elajf^kaowbt
ltl`ltv`e+?vvqlj+fk+g^*
_lkfblajf^k7Do^cpwqvkbh
Mo^tawftv)Hpf„Ċš>i_boqMor*
>O@EFTRJ
>Ċ..molgbhq“t
phf)Lifth^ĉ“q^8`wbob¶kfb
?›qqkbo^@wbotlk^)P`ekbf*
abo^ M“k^) Hloaf^8 dorpwb
Hlkcbobk`g^)C^tlovqh^?lk*
hobq^Tfiif^jp^8¶iftvTšdfbo*
h^Wtvh^)Obkhila^Ribk^)
Eboj^k8tf¶kfbHpf„Ċš`^fr*
q“th^lo^wMfdt^Mlpmlifq^+
P^avw^lĊlkbwlpq^vmowbw
jfbpwh^Ó`“tlmliphf`epl*
b`qtfjf^pq)mowbpwhlilkv`e
mla`w^pt^opwq^q“tp^altkf*
`wv`et`wbot`r_o+tèi„phfj
Ldolawfb
?lq^kf`wkvj
tJfhlltfb+Tk^p^awbkf^`e
mlj^d^vq^hĊbawfb`ffjl*
awfbĊwlmliphf`epwh“+To^*
j^`emolgbhqrmlp^awlklml*
k^a23-aowbtbhltl`ltv`e)
^tkfbhq“ov`edjfk^`epq^l
pfšqlfjmripbjkfbqvihlalal*
a^qhltv`ek^p^awbÓaowbt)^ib
f_raltvmowvw^lĊlkv`ep^*
a^`e j^bg ^o`efqbhqrov
obhob^`vgkl*tvml`wvkhltbg+
Molgbhq l`eolkv _flo“Ċkl*
olakl¶`fqlq^hĊbpwhlibkf^+
@wvqlai^mo^`ltkfh“tp^*
jlow„altv`e)`wvqlai^awfb*
`fjlawfbĊv+O“tkfbĊk^ql
p^jlow„atlgbt“awqt^h^*
awfbarĊvk^`fphÅ
To^j^`eob^ifw^`gfmolgbh*
qrmk+Þ?flo“Ċklolakl¶‹Lmli*
pw`wvwkvËph^o_bjawfbawf*
`qt^mowvolakf`wbdlÎw^mi^*
klt^if¶jvlod^kfw^`gštfbir
pwhlibÓ)phfbolt^kv`emowbab
tpwvpqhfjalmowbapq^tf`fbif
p^jlow„a“tdjfkkv`e)ifab*
o“tpmlb`wkl¶`filh^ikv`e)
mowbapq^tf`fbifilh^ikv`edorm
awf^^kf^lo^wmowbapq^tf`fbif
ilh^ikv`elod^kfw^`gfmlw^ow„*
altv`e+Alqv`w„j+fk+olifp^*
jlow„arilh^ikbdltpvpqb*
jfbmo^tkbgl`eolkvmowvol*
av)w^ow„aw^kf^¶olaltfphfbj
mowvolakf`wvjdjfkv)pmlpl*
_“tpmlow„aw^kf^fktbkq^ov*
w^`gfmowvolakf`wv`e)hq“obp„
mlapq^t„almlagš`f^mo^t*
kv`eawf^^Ól`eolkkv`e)pml*
pl_“ttwlo`ltbdlw^dlpml*
a^olt^kf^pq^t“ttlakv`e
k^ l_pw^o^`e `eolkflkv`e+ Tpwvpqhfbqbawf^^kf^barh^*
`vgkb j^g„ mowv`wvkf‹ pfš
alwjf^kv¶tf^aljl¶`fpml*
b`wkbglo^wrto^Ċiftf‹jfbpw*
h^Ó`“tk^mlqowb_šl`eolkv
d^qrkh“t`eolkflkv`e)tqvj
w^dolĊlkv`e+ R`wbpqkf`v
pwhlibÓaltf^arg„pfšq^hĊb)
dawfbtobdflkfbtvpqšmrg„ol*
awfjbd^qrkhfcilovfc^rkv+W^*
ibĊvk^j)^_vq^tfbaw^alq^o*
^alg^hk^gtfšhpwbgif`w_v
jfbpwh^Ó`“ttpf+
/
@WT>OQBH)/1IFPQLM>A>/-.3KLT>QOV?RK>LMLIPH>
Tqvjolhrhljfpg^hlkhroplt^l`bkf^^t^ilovmowvolakf`wbtilh^ikv`e¶olaltfph^`e
K^prh`bp`wbh^if/-i^q
6WUDGXQLD]RVWDĂDX]QDQD]DQDMSLÙNQLHMV]ÅPLHMVFRZRěÇZ;,;HG\FMLNRQNXUVXş3LÙNQD:LHě2SROVNDŞ
qo^arkf^%dj+T^i*
`b& wlpq^^ ldl*
pwlk^k^gmfšhkfbg*
pw„ tpf„ mla`w^p alĊvkbhtlgbt“aw*
hf`etRgbawfb+Gbgjfbpwh^Ó*
`vk^pt“gprh`bpmo^`lt^if
la_ifphl/-i^q)`wviflaml*
`w„qh“tmoldo^jrLakltv
Tpf+T qvj `w^pfb alhlk^if `vtfifw^`vgkbdlphlhr+*K^g*
tfšhpwvjf^qrq^jfk^pwbgtpf
p„gbgt^ilovmowvolakf`wb+Qr
gbpqmfšhkfbfwfbilkl)j^jv
rpfb_fb`fbh^tbd^qrkhfcilov
fc^rkv+K^kf`_vpfšgbak^hql
_ld^`qtlwa^l_bww^^kd^*
Ċlt^kf^f_bwfkqbobpltkbgmo^*
`vjfbpwh^Ó`“t)hq“owvml*
¶tfš`^g„pt“gmovt^qkv`w^p
_vw^a_^‹lptlg„j^„Lg`wv*
wkš*j“tfOlj^kEvqobh)pl*
qvpPqo^arkf+
Tfb¶ibĊvtalifkfbPq^ol*
owb`w^Laov+W^jfbpwhrgbg„
_ifphl6--jfbpwh^Ó`“t)hq“*
owvw^gjrg„pfšd“tkfbolikf*
`qtbjfowbjfb¶ikf`qtbj+Bib*
jbkqbj`e^o^hqbovpqv`wkvj
ho^gl_o^wrtpfp„if`wkbh^*
mif`whff howvĊbmowvaolĊkb+
T`bkqorjtpfwk^gargbpfš
Hl¶`f“m^o^cf^ikvmt+Pbo`^
M^k^Gbwrp^+Tfb¶kfbqvihl
gbpqw^a_^k^)^ibjlĊbmlpw*
`wv`f‹pfš_lfph^jfalmfhf
P
FFjfbgp`b
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gmfšh*
kfbgpw^tfb¶Î+Mld“owb)%dj+
?f^^&+Tjfbgp`ltl¶`fwk^g*
argbpfštmbkftvmlp^Ċlkv
hljmibhpfkqbdo^`vgkl*pmlo*
qltl*obhob^`vgkvwpfltkf„
k^¶tfbĊvjmltfbqowrlo^w
¶tfbqif`„+Hljfpg^al`bkf^
wob^ifwlt^kvmowbwjfbpwh^Ó*
`“tmolgbhqmlibd^g„`vk^cl*
qldo^clt^kfrmowvolavlo^w
obgbpqolt^kfrgbgatfšh“t+
Tlhlif`vjlĊk^pmlqh^‹_lo*
prh^f`w^mišpft„+
CLQ+J>QBOF>IVRJTL
CLQ+O>ALP>TAFJFQOLT
T^Ċkb
AAlqbdlol`wkbgbav`gf
hlkhroprlqowvj^kl
./wdlpwbÓw.-djfk
*5wdlpwbÓtpf
tmlah^qbdloffÞK^gmfšhkfbg*
pw^tfb¶Î)
*1wdlpwbkf^molgbhq“t
almlah^qbdloffÞK^gibmpwv
molgbhqlakltvtpfÎ+
AQbdlol`wkvhlkhropphr*
mfpfštlh“awf^^Óbar*
h^`vgkv`efmoljl`vgkv`e
wtf„w^kv`ewa_^l¶`f„
llql`wbkfbf`bkkbw^pl_v
mowvolakf`wb+
Pqo^arkf^t`f„drlpq^qkf`ehfihrk^pqri^q^`er`wbpqkf*
`qt^tmoldo^jfbLakltvTpfalhlk^^`vtfifw^`vgkbdl
phlhr+K^gkltpwvmolgbhqql_ralt^aobtkf^kbgh^ahfai^
pm^`boltf`w“ttibpfblip“t+
Gbgjfbpwh^Ó`vkfbqvihltfbaw„)g^hlak^tf^‹ptlg„tfb¶
fa_^‹lkf„+Ol_f„qlwmlpw^klt^kfbjai^mowvolav+K^wagš*
`fr7plqvpOlj^kEvqobh)mobwbpLPMOl_boqDo^j^i^fP^_f*
k^Hr`ro^)mobwbpPqlt^owvpwbkfbOlwtlgrTpfPqo^arkf^+
klĊkbgfpf^qh“thf)^q^hĊbhlo*
qbjqbkfpltvj+
Jfbpwh^Ó`vpqtlowvifpl_fb
q^hĊbjfbgp`baltpm“ikbdl
_fbpf^alt^kf^)^q^hĊbarĊv
mi^`w^_^tai^awfb`f+Tlh“
gbpqqbĊpmlol¶`fbĊbholtbol*
tv`e+
Jfbpwh^Ó`v_^oawlmošĊkfb
pfšd^g„mlrkfgkbalq^`gb+Tfb¶
w mltlawbkfbj ^mifhlt^^
l¶olahfrkfgkbwMLHI)hq“ob
Jfbpwh^Ó`v
Pqo^arkftval_v*
t^g„wmowvolav
ql)`lgbpqtkfbg
k^g`bkkfbgpwb
mowbwk^`wlkb_vvj+fk+k^hrop
^o`efqbhqrovwfbibkf)t^opwq^qv
wcilovpqvhflo^whropj^gpqbo*
hltf`w^+Awf^^g„`btbtpfPql*
t^owvpwbkfbLakltvTpfwob^*
ifwlt^lwhlibfmolgbhq)hq“ob*
dl`bibj_vlw^dlpmla^olt^*
kfbqbobkrmowvrĊvqhrbhlil*
df`wkvjÞPq^o^Lao^Î+Awfšhf
rkffwobtfq^ifwlt^klM^ohTfbg*
phf)k^hq“ovjmltpq^^aobt*
kf^k^p`bk^to^wwjfbgp`bj
al w^_^t q^kb`wkv`e+
Pqo^arkf^tvdo^^qbĊhlkhrop
lod^kfwlt^kvmowbwcfojšhlp*
jbqv`wk„)thq“ovjto^j^`e
k^dolavmltpq^kltl`wbpkv
mi^`w^_^tai^awfb`f+Lpq^qkfj
wmolgbhq“t)g^hfbmltpq^vtb
tpf)_v^_ralt^aobtkf^kbg
h^ahfai^pm^`boltf`w“ttib*
pfblip“t*mowbwtfbibi^qqbk
_^dfbkkvqbobk_vkfbalpqšm*
kvai^wtfbaw^g„`v`e)^ibawfš*
hfrkfgkbjrmolgbhqltfqlpfš
wjfbkfl+JlĊk^q^jalpqowb`
Ċ^_šqo^tk„)gbwflohlt„ir_ml*
pr`e^‹¶mfbtrwfš_v)_ld^qhf
ir_hlp^+
Ol¶kfbqrq^hĊb.2-*ibqkf
h^pwq^k)hq“ovmfbišdkrgbjl*
awfbĊ)^gbdlp^awlkhfmowbh^*
wvt^kbp„jfbpwh^Ó`lj+*Tv*
al_vt^jvwilh^ikbgmowvolav
ql)`lk^g`bkkfbgpwb*mlahob*
¶i^plqvpEvqobh+
FFFjfbgp`b
Tvo“Ċkfbkfb
FFjfbgp`b
FFjfbgp`b
FFFjfbgp`b
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gmfšh*
kfbgpw^ tfb¶Î+ Ifdlq^
Mo“pwhltph^)
%dj+
Mo“pwh“t&+Tfb¶ibĊvt`bk*
qorjtlgbt“awqt^lmliphfb*
dl)Ql k^gtfšhpwb plb`qtl
tdjfkfb)if`w„`bmlk^a5--
jfbpwh^Ó`“t+ Lq^`w^g„ gb
mfšhkbi^pv+Tbtpfwk^gargb
pfšMljkfhMowvolavÞ>ibg^
Aš_lt^Î) k^qljf^pq tb
tpmljkf^kvjibpfbwk^garg„
pfš joltfph^ `eolkflkbg
jo“thf‹j^tbg+GbpqqbĊmfšh*
kvpq^t+
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gmfšh*
kfbgpw^tfb¶Î+Lipwlt^)%dj+
Rg^wa&+ Jfbgp`ltl¶‹ ibĊv
tlqrifkfbM^ohrHo^gl_o^wl*
tbdlÞD“ovLmliphfb)D“o^
èt+>kkvÎ)k^l_owbĊ^`el_*
pw^orÞK^qro^/---Î+Tfwv*
q“th„Lipwltbggbpqw^_vqhl*
t^ ^ibg^ _rh^ `wbotlkbdl
fM^ohJfkf^qroP^ho^ikv`e*
ldo“almlt+lh+/-qvp+jht+)
thq“ovjwk^gargbpfšhfih^*
k^¶`fbjfkf_raltifk^g_^o*
awfbgwk^kv`el_fbhq“tp^*
ho^ikv`e+
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gibmpwv
molgbhq lakltv tpfÎ+
G^hr_ltf`b)%dj+?o^kf`b&
G^hr_ltf`h^Pqobc^>hqvt*
kl¶`fPmlb`wkbgqlmolgbhq
mlibd^g„`v k^ obtfq^ifw^`gf
a^tkbdlpq^trpqo^Ċ^`hfbdl+
Jfbpwh^Ó`vl`wv¶`fiflajrif*
ifw_flokfh+Tlh“tv_ralt^if
jrobh+LaqtlowlklqbĊmfbo*
tlqkvbhlpvpqbj)Awfšhfob^*
ifw^`gfmolgbhqrra^lpfšpqtl*
owv‹d“tkbjfbgp`bpmlqh^Ó
ai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t+
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gibmpwv
molgbhqlakltvtpfÎ+Kltb
?rahltf`b %dj) Jro“t&+
K^dolawlklmolgbhqÞPmloql*
t^arpw^Kltv`e?rahltf`Î)
hq“ovmlibd^k^rqtlowbkfr
_lfph^almfhfklĊkbgfpf^q*
hltbgto^www^mib`wbjfmi^*
`bjmowba_ravkhfbj¶tfbq*
if`vtfbgphfbg+Jfbpwh^Ó`vtpf
w^dlpmla^olt^ifkfbrĊvqhl*
t^kv f w^kfba_^kv qbobk
mowv¶tfbqif`vtfbgphfbgtKl*
tv`e?rahltf`^`e)
AMlah^qbdlof^ÞK^gibmpwv
molgbhqlakltvtpfÎ+„`w*
kfh)dj+?o^kf`b+MolgbhqÞ?l*
d^`qtlmowvolavib¶kbgtlh“
k^pfibh`gbgbgo“Ċklolakl¶`f
taolawbÎwob^ifwlt^kvwlpq^
mowbwDormš>hqvtkv`eJf*
l¶kfh“tMowvolav%D>JM&)
wlĊlkbgw`wlkh“tPqlt^*
owvpwbkf^LakltvTpf„`w*
kfh+Mlibd^k^lod^kfw^`gfmfš*
`flbq^mltbdl`vhirolawfk*
kv`e tvmo^t oltboltv`e
fmfbpwv`e+
0
KLT>QOV?RK>LMLIPH>@WT>OQBH)/1IFPQLM>A>/-.3
W^h^a^kfbqo^av`vgkv`ep^a“ttfbgphf`eqlgbabkwmolgbhq“twtf„w^kv`ew_flo“Ċklolakl¶`f„
P^avto^`^g„k^tfb¶
0RGHORZHVDG\PDMÅVLÙVNĂDGDÇ]URG]LP\FKRGPLDQGU]HZRZRFRZ\FKFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\FKGODQDV]HJRUHJLRQX
o^j^`e
molgbhqr mk+
Í?flo“Ċklola*
kl¶‹Lmlipw`wv*
wkv * ph^o_bj
awfbawf`qt^mowvolakf`wbdlÎAb*
m^oq^jbkqOlikf`qt^fOlwtlgr
Tpfhlloavkrgbk^qbobkfbk^pwb*
dltlgbt“awqt^w^h^a^kfbjl*
abiltv`ep^a“t)ph^a^g„`v`epfš
wolawfjv`elajf^kaowbtltl*
`ltv`e`e^o^hqbovpqv`wkv`eai^
k^pwbdlobdflkr+
Alrawf^rtqvjmowbapfšt*
wfš`frwlpq^vw^molpwlkbtpwvpq*
hfblmliphfbdjfkv)^lpq^qb`wkfb
k^w^molpwbkfblamltfbawf^v00
jfbgp`ltl¶`f+Wl_ltf„w^vpfš
alw^lĊbkf^k^awf^h^`erĊv*
qb`wkl¶`fmr_if`wkbg)t`bkqo^`e
tpf) mowvpwhl^`e f _lfph^`e
pmloqltv`ep^a“tph^a^g„`v`e
pfšw_ifphl/-pwqrhpq^ov`ela*
jf^kaowbttqvjj+fk+g^_lkf
lajf^k7Do^cpwqvkbhMo^tawftv)
T
CLQ+RJTL
TQ^oklt`r%dj+
Ir_pw^&p^awlpq^
k^p^awlkv/6m^*
awfbokfh^tM^ohr
mla>kfl^jf
To^j^`eqtlowbkf^jlabiltv`ep^a“ttfbgphf`eolwa^t^kbp„j+fk+p^awlkhf^Ċqowb`ela*
jf^kmliphf`eg^_lkf+
Hpf„Ċš>i_boqMorphf)Lifth^ĉ“*
q^8`wbob¶kf7?›qqkbo^`wbotlk^)
P`ekbfabo^m“k^)Hloaf^8dorpw7
Hlkcbobk`g^)C^tlovqh^%Hi^mp^&)
?lkhobq^Tfiif^jp^8¶ift7Tšdfbo*
h^Wtvh^)Obkhila^Ribk^)Ebo*
j^k8tf¶kf7Hpf„Ċš`^)rq“th^
lo^wMfdtvMlpmlifqbg+
Gbabkwq^hf`ejlabiltv`e
p^a“t wlpq^ mlp^awlkv
tQ^oklt`r+W^molgbhqlamltf^*
a^^gbak^wq^jqbgpwv`eifabobh
tfbgphf`e*Hovpqvk^ĉvj^Ó`wvh+
*Alpq^if¶jvpfbabjk^¶`fbp^*
awlkbh7g^_lkfb)tf¶kfb)`wbob¶*
kfb)¶iftv)dorpwbfmfdtš*tvif`w^
m^kfHovpqvk^+*P^awlpq^w^p^*
awlkvtk^pwvjM^ohrmla>kfl*
^jf)tjfbgp`r)hq“obq^hĊbfab*
^ikfb tmfprgb pfš t fabš
_flo“Ċklolakl¶`ffw^dlpmla^*
olt^kf^qbobk“t_bwrĊvqb`w*
kv`emowvgbakl`wbpkvjw^a_^*
kfrlqrqbgpwvbhlpvpqbj+
M^kfHovpqvk^to^ww`“oh„p^*
j^pqtlowv^molgbhqw^dlpmla^*
olt^kf^kfbrĊvqhrfawfšhfqbjr
ra^lpfšwal_v‹.-qvpfš`vwl*
qv`edo^kqr+Tqvjolhr)mlw^w^*
p^awbkfbj p^ar) jfbpwh^Ó`v
`e`„gbpw`wbtvo“tk^‹qbobk)^ib
tfšhpwbmo^`bmi^krg„k^mowvpw*
volh+Tmi^k^`ep„aljhfai^
lt^a“t`wvpqrakf^wĊro^tfbj+
* Irawfb tb tpf p„ `ešqkf
almo^`v)j^g„mljvpv)tfbowš)
Ċbpqtlowvjvc^kq^pqv`wkbjfbg*
p`bai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t*j“tfHov*
pqvk^ĉvj^Ó`wvh+
Q^hW^ow„aTlgbt“awqt^Lmliphfbdlmlmri^ovwrgbfabšl`eolkvmowvolavt¶o“aawfb`ffjlawfbĊv+
K^l_^hlkhropvtmvkšlmo^tfb/2-mo^`
t“awqt^lmliphfbdlttfbhr
la.-al.3i^q+
K^`wvjmlibd^lw^a^kfb<
K^rmlilt^kfrtl_fbhqvtfb
^m^o^qr`fbh^tv`el_fbhq“tt1
l_pw^o^`e7¶tf^qlt^a“t)w_fl*
oltfph^„hltb)qo^av`vgkbp^*
@bibjhlkhroprclqldo^cf`wkb* avfmowvaolĊkb^ibgbaowbtltl*
dl mla k^wt„ ÞLpl_iftl¶`f `ltv`e)w^aowbtfbkf^¶o“amli*
mowvolakf`wbtl_fbhqvtfbÎgbpq kb+Hlkhroptptvjw^lĊbkfr
mlmri^ovw^`g^frmltpwb`ekf^* j^molm^dlt^‹fabšwtf„w^k„
kfb fabf l`eolkv mowvolav) wl`eolk„olawfjbgcilovfc^rkv
hpwq^qlt^kfbmlwvqvtkv`eml* tvpqšmrg„`bgk^qbobkfbtlgb*
pq^twtf„w^kv`ewbhlildf„) t“awqt^lmliphfbdl)^wt^pw*
l`eolk„¶olaltfph^k^qro^ikb* `w^gbg`bkkv`ebibjbkq“twtf„*
dl f gbdl _flo“Ċklolakl¶`f„ w^kv`eww^aowbtfbkf^jf¶o“a*
lo^wrmltpwb`ekf^kfbclqldo^* mlikvjf)w_floltfph^jf„hltv*
cff)g^hlawfbawfkvpwqrhf+Jldif jf)qo^av`vgkvjfp^a^jff^ibg^*
tkfjtvpq^oqlt^‹r`wkfltfb jfmowvaolĊkvjfaowbtltl`l*
tpwvpqhf`epwh“wqbobkrtlgb* tv`elo^wbkqljlc^rk„+
CLQ+OL?BOQILAWFÔPHF
:NRQNXUVLHIRWRJUDILF]Q\P
LSODVW\F]Q\PZ]LÙĂ\XG]LDĂG]LH
FL]FDĂHJRZRMHZ³G]WZD:VX
PLHQDGHVĂDQRSUDF7HUD]
NRPLVNHNRQNXUVRZHMHRFHQLÅ
)LQDĂMXļJUXGQLD
Qbojfkk^apv^kf^wdlpwbÓ
jfk„0.m^awfbokfh^fgrĊtf^*
aljl)Ċbhlkhrop`fbpwvpfš
t¶o“aawfb`fpw^ilkvjmltl*
awbkfbj+Tmvkšl„`wkfb//5
mo^`ir_`vhi“twagš`fltv`e)
hq“obp„qbo^wmlaa^t^kbphor*
mri^qkbgl`bkfb+
Whlibfal.-ifpqlm^a^jlĊ*
k^_vlph^a^‹mo^`bk^hlk*
hropmi^pqv`wkvmq+ÞK^gmfšhkfbg*
pwv mowvpwhlikv ldo“abhÎ)
al hq“obdl P^jlow„a Tlgb*
t“awqt^Lmliphfbdlw^molpf
tpwvpqhf`er`wkf“tpwh“mla*
pq^tltv`ewobdflkr+Awfb`f
jldvpqtlowv‹mo^`štat“`e
h^qbdlof^`e7mi^h^qir_j^hfb*
qš)`wvifmo^`šmowbpqowbkk„+
@bibjhlkhroprgbpqmolm^*
dlt^kfbfabfwtf„w^kv`eww^*
`elt^kfbjawfbawf`qt^mowv*
olakf`wbdlfhriqroltbdllo^w
tpmfbo^kfbjolawfjv`eqo^av*
`gf)pwbowbkfbjtfbawvmowvola*
kf`wbgfÞw^hlowbkf^kfbjÎqo^av*
`gft¶o“ak^gjlapwv`emlmowbw
t„`wbkfbpwh“mlapq^tltv`e
alml_rawbkf^w^fkqbobplt^kf^
lq^`w^g„`„mowvola„+
Fpqlqkvjbibjbkqbjhlk*
hropr gbpq mowvdlqlt^kfb
fmowbmolt^awbkfbibh`gfww^*
hobpr l`eolkv mowvolav)
_flo“Ċklolakl¶`flo^wqo^av*
`gfw^h^a^kf^fmolt^awbkf^
ldo“ah“t)k^hq“ov`ewk^ga„
jfbgp`bolawfjbd^qrkhfwf“)
t^owvt)ltl`“t)^bcbhqbj
hlÓ`ltvj _ša„ mo^`b mi^*
pqv`wkb+
Ldlpwbkfbifpqvi^rob^q“t
lo^wtoš`wbkfbk^do“ala_š*
awfbpfš/dorakf^tHo^pfbgltfb+
1
@WT>OQBH)/1IFPQLM>A>/-.3KLT>QOV?RK>LMLIPH>
R`wbpqkf`vt^opwq^q“tr`w„pfš)g^hlaÞ>alWÎtvhlk^‹hlk`bm`gšw^dlpmla^olt^kf^mowbpqowbkkbdl+
Lajfbkf^g„l_if`wbtpf
6SRĂHF]QLF\]QDMEDUG]LHMDNW\ZQ\FKRSROVNLFKVRĂHFWZELRUÅXG]LDĂZZDUV]WDWDFK]QDXNRZFDPL]:URFĂDZLD
q^o^jvpfšqtlowv‹
q^hfbhlk`bm`gbw^*
dlpmla^olt^kf^qb*
obk“ttfbgphf`e)hq“*
ob _ša„ pm“gkb
wmowvola„fqvj)`la^kbplb*
`qt^lq^`w^*mlahob¶i^J^ofli^
Pw^`eltf`w)w^pqšm`^avobhql*
o^tAbm^oq^jbk`fbOlikf`qt^
fOlwtlgrTpf+
Tt^opwq^q^`er`wbpqkf`w„
mowbapq^tf`fbibqv`ek^g_^oawfbg
^hqvtkv`eplb`qtawf^^g„`v`e
tMoldo^jfbLakltvTpf+Tv*
h^alt`^jfp„w^¶k^rhlt`v
wRkftbopvqbqrMowvolakf`wbdl
tbTol`^tfr+@lt^Ċkb)t^o*
pwq^qvqlaord^`wš¶‹)tpwvpqhl
gbpqmlmowbawlkbtfwg^jfqbob*
kltvjf+Gbak„wdormr`wbpqkf*
`w„`v`ett^opwq^q^`ep„pml*
b`wkf`vwKltv`e?rahltf`
tdjfkfbJro“t+
* Tvh^alt`v p„ ¶tfbqkf
f_^oawlk^pfkpmforg„+K^pwmol*
CLQ+P>TLJFOJFBIKFH
P
MolgbhqwKltv`e?rahltf`w^h^a^kfbqvihll`wvpw`wbkfbpq^t“t)^ibqbĊpqtlowbkfbtlh“
qbobkrobhob^`vgkbdlai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t`wvqrovpq“t+
gbhqgbpqal¶‹`fšĊhf)_l`e`bjv
w^dlpmla^olt^‹^Ċqowvpq^tv
Ë j“tf Ifaf^ Ro_^k+ Molgbhq
wKltv`e?rahltf`w^h^a^kfb
qvihll`wvpw`wbkfbpq^t“t)^ib
qbĊpqtlowbkfbtlh“qbobkrob*
hob^`vgkbdlai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t
`wv qrovpq“t+ Ë If`wvjv) Ċb
tmowvpwl¶`fra^k^jpfšqšav
mlmolt^awf‹pwi^holtboltv+Ql
_v‹jlĊbpmo^tf)Ċbw^`wk„qr
mltpq^t^‹ dlpmla^opqt^
^dolqrovpqv`wkbËala^gbIfaf^
Ro_^k+Molgbhqw?rahltf`j^
pqo^qbdf`wkb wk^`wbkfb ai^
jfbpwh^Ó`“tplb`qt^)_lwk^g*
argb pfš lkl k^ qbobkfb
Pql_o^tphfbdlM^ohrHo^gl_o^*
wltbdl+ËAi^qbdlkfbj^pw^kp
k^olwt“gmowbjvpr+Jrpfjv
pq^tf^‹k^qrovpqvhšfbhlildfš
mlql)^_virawfbjfbifmo^`šË
w^wk^`w^ Ifaf^ Ro_^k+ Ë Kfb
tpmljkšlqvj)Ċbrk^pgbpq
k^mo^tašmfšhkfb+J^jv_^o*
awl_ld^qb¶olaltfphlwtfbowš*
`b Ë wt^pw`w^ gb¶if `elawf
lmq^hf+
W^dlpmla^olt^‹
pq^t
tptlgbgtpf`e`„qbĊjfbpwh^Ó*
`vPh^„d%djfk^Tl`wvk&+Ë
Mi^krgbjvw_ralt^‹^iq^khš
fmi^`w^_^t+K^pwbpq^tvp„ml*
lĊlkbk^qbobkfbm^ohr)hq“ov
t/-.0olhrmowbpwbadš_lh„
obtfq^ifw^`gš) ^ib `e`bjv dl
gbpw`wbrmfšhpwv‹)_lqlq^h^k^*
pw^tfwvq“th^tpfËj“tfGl*
i^kq^Pw^q+
AoBt^T^iqbomolt^aw„`^
w^gš`f^ mlahob¶i^) Ċb gbpq
mlato^Ċbkfbjtfbawvfw^^k*
d^Ċlt^kf^r`wbpqkfh“t+
*?^oawlal_owbpfšk^jwkf*
jftpm“mo^`rgb+Gbpqb¶jvw^*
`etv`bkff`etfbaw„efpqlov`w*
k„lo^wmowvolakf`w„k^qbj^q
ptlf`ejfbgp`ltl¶`flo^wqvj)
g^`vp„lqt^o`fk^tpm“mo^`š
k^owb`wtpm“iklqvËj“tfk^r*
hltfb`+ËK^w^gš`f^`ewto^`^*
jvrt^dšk^w^dlpmla^olt^*
kfbo“Ċkv`eqbobk“ttfbgphf`e
mlah„qbjmowvolakf`wvjfpml*
b`wkvj+Htbpqf„tfla„`„gbpq
_flo“Ċklolakl¶‹)^ibtf^aljl)
Ċbtfb¶gbpqpmb`vcf`wkvjpfba*
ifphfbj)dawfb_šawfbpfšlk^
mowbmi^q^^wqo^av`g^jf)hriqr*
o„)w^_vqh^jfftfšw^jfpmlb`w*
kvjf+Pq^o^jvpfšqltpwvpqhl
„`wv‹+
TMldlowbifmltpq^kfbkltbjfbgp`bpmlqh^Óai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t
5R]VWU]\JQLÙWRNRQNXUVQDş1DM
FLHNDZV]ÅNRQFHSFMÙ]DJRVSRGD
URZDQLDWHUHQ³Z]LHORQ\FKZVLŞ
3LHUZV]HPLHMVFHLQDJURGÙSLH
QLÙļQÅ]GRE\ĂR7RZDU]\VWZR
.RELHW:LHMVNLFKZ3RJRU]HOL
*Alqbgmlovkfbjldšrtfbowv‹)
Ċbtvdo^if¶jvhlkhropM^jfš*
q^jg^hawf¶)ql_vvjlgbfjfb*
kfkv)hfbav0m^awfbokfh^alpq^*
^jqbibclkwrowšarj^opw^*
hltphfbdl f mlfkclojlt^kl
jkfb)Ċbk^pwmolgbhqwal_v
mfbotpwbjfbgp`bthlkhropfb
k^k^g`fbh^tpw„hlk`bm`gšw^*
dlpmla^olt^kf^qbobk“twfbil*
kv`etpf+Hfbav_v^jtrowš*
awfbk^mobwbkq^`gftpwvpqhf`e
molgbhq“t)pbo`b_fljfg^hjlq
fml`f`erif`wv^jk^alq^`gš
ttvplhl¶`f.-qvp+w)^ib2-qvp+
*qlmowbpwljlgbk^g¶jfbipwb
l`wbhft^kf^Ëlmltf^a^Qbob*
p^DrpwmfqwQlt^owvpqt^Hl_fbq
Tfbgphf`etMldlowbif+
WlĊlkvmowbwQlt^owvpqtl
molgbhqw^h^a^w^dlpmla^olt^*
kfbw^mrpw`wlkbdlpq^tr)hq“ov
wk^gargbpfšMldlowbif+Jfbpwh^Ó*
`v`e`„rmlow„ahlt^‹qbobktl*
h“kfbdlfrow„awf‹q^jjfbgp`b
pmlqh^Óai^jfbpwh^Ó`“t+
* L`wv¶`fjv f lajrifjv
pq^t)mlp^awfjvtlh“aowbt^)
mlpq^tfjv^tb`whffer¶q^t*
hšËj“tfQbobp^Drpwmfq+
Mo^`b orpw„ k^ tflpkš+ @^l¶‹j^_v‹dlqlt^alm^*
awfbokfh^+
MolgbqwMldlowbifw^h^a^w^dlpmla^olt^kfbpq^tr+
CLQ+J>QBOF>VRJTL
Mlh^w^v)g^hpfšmfpwbwtv`fšphfbmolgbhqv
Ld“ikfb`bibjhlkhropr_v*
ltvlkfbkfbk^g`fbh^tpwv`e
molgbhq“tw^dlpmla^olt^kf^
mr_if`wkv`ewfbilkv`eqbob*
k“ttfbgphf`ettlgbt“aw*
qtfblmliphfj+
*Alhlkhroprtmvkšv/1
wdlpwbkf^hlk`bm`gfw^dlpml*
a^olt^kf^qbobk“twfbilkv`e
tpflalod^kfw^`gfmlw^ow„al*
tv`eawf^^g„`v`ek^qbobk^`e
lmliphf`eplb`qt*fkclojrgb
Bt^Hlqri^wObcbo^qrOlwtl*
grTpfRowšarJ^opw^hltphfb*
dlTlgbt“awqt^Lmliphfbdl+
Lpq^qb`wkfbW^ow„aTlgb*
t“awqt^Lmliphfbdlw^^h`bm*
qlt^mowvwk^kfbk^pqšmrg„*
`v`ek^do“alo^wtvo“ĊkfbÓ7
Fjfbgp`b*Qlt^owvpqtlHl_fbq
Tfbgphf`etMldlowbif%k^dol*
a^ttvplhl¶`f2-qvp+w&)FF
jfbgp`b*Pqlt^owvpwbkfbMowv*
g^`f“Dlpwv`%k^dola^ttv*
plhl¶`f0-qvp+w&)FFFjfbgp`b
Pqlt^owvpwbkfbOlwtlgrfLa*
kltvTpfPh^„df%k^dola^
ttvplhl¶`f/-qvp+w+&+
Mowvwk^klq^hĊbmfš‹tv*
o“ĊkfbÓ)h^Ċabml.-qvp+w+
T¶o“ak^dolawlkv`ewk^i^wv
pfš7Pqlt^owvpwbkfbÞKltfk*
h^Î*Klt^Tfb¶J^^)Pqlt^*
owvpwbkfb Lakltv Tpf
Dlpqljf^) Pqlt^owvpwb*
kfbÞK^pwW^how“tQro^tphfÎ)
Pqlt^owvpwbkfbÞQ^okltfb`
t`wlo^g)awf¶)grqolÎlo^wPql*
t^owvpwbkfb Pvjm^qvh“t
Hlqlow^J^bdl+