Henryk Bałuch: Synthetic Methods for the Evaluationof the Railway
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Henryk Bałuch: Synthetic Methods for the Evaluationof the Railway
Summaries – Problemy Kolejnictwa – Issue 166 Page 1/5 Henryk Bałuch: Synthetic Methods for the Evaluationof the Railway Track (Syntetyczne metody oceny nawierzchni kolejowej) In recent years the quality assessment of railway track have become an important tool in reducing live-cycle costs. Various methodologies for evaluating Total Quality Index (TQI) are used. Among many procedures for the calculation TQI a methods based on standard deviations of track irregularities are the most widely used ones. The paper presents 4 synthetic methods of estimates of railway track and their purposes. Simplest method relies on estimate of synthetic index of track quality based on standard deviations of vertical irregularities, horizontal irregularities, twist and gauge. In the second method traffic load as major parameter influencing track geometry condition is added. Next method includes, between other, estimate of rail durability and age of sleepers. Fourth method relies on research of outreaching of track tolerances. Three first methods concern for 1 km of track, the fourth one – for 1 hectometre. Keywords: track quality, quality indicator, track classification Tadeusz Basiewicz, Andrzej Gołaszewski, Jacek Kukulski, Kazimierz Towpik: Strain of Railway Permanent Way with Composite Ballast (Odkształcenia nawierzchni kolejowej z kompozytem tłuczniowym) The need for cutting down maintenance costs of permanent ways includes searching solutions allowing extending the periods between repairs. The paper are presents the results of tests of permanent way with ballast reinforced with geogrid and stabilized with resin. It also presents a technology of laying different types of new track on sub-section of the CMK together with the results of the evaluation of track condition on test section. Keywords: railway track, crushed stone composite, geogrid, chemical stabilized Andrzej Białoń, Mieczysław Laskowski, Andrzej Kazimierczak: Surge Protection Rail Electronic Devices (Ochrona przeciwprzepięciowa kolejowych urządzeń elektronicznych) The paper outlines the basic rules for the implementation of lightning protection and surge catenary, traffic control devices installed directly in the path (e.g. Equipment declaring unoccupied track) and installed in signalling devices and containers. These policies are consistent with applicable standards and supported by previous experience of the authors. Keywords: surge protection, catenary, rail traffic control T.I. Kirilyuk: Improving the Control Method of Energy Losses in Contact Line Purpose. Today energy losses in contact line are determined by calculation, but this method gives approximate values. It is proved that it is more effective control of the energy losses in contact line using indirect methods, but existing methods give the error of 7,5%. It is necessary to improve the control method of energy losses in contact line by taking into account additional factors. Summaries – Problemy Kolejnictwa – Issue 166 Page 2/5 Methods. The method of integral and matrix calculus used to develop a mathematical model for determining energy losses coefficient. Theory of experiment planning used for development a regression. The Results. Regression equations of the second order for determining energy losses coefficient for areas of direct and alternating currents were received on the basis of full factorial experiment. Character of energy losses coefficient was defined, the limits of its changes were set and recommendations of its regulations were provided on the basis of the Monte Carlo method. An experimental confirmation of the results was done. It showed that the proposed improved method reduces error in the determination of energy losses. Scientific novelty. For the first time, an analytical expression for estimating energy losses coefficient, which takes into account the number of trains on the zone between traction substations was found. This allows determining energy losses in contact line more accurately. First established the law of the statistical distribution of the energy losses coefficient, which makes it possible to evaluate its limits and advice on regulations change it. Practical significance. The method of determination of the loss factor, which takes into account additional factors was found. This makes it possible to reduce the taking into account error of loss of 2,1% as compared with the existing indirect method. Keywords: overhead contact system, power supply system, electrical energy loses, mathematical model Władysław Koc, Cezary Specht: Application of the Mobile Satellite Measurements in the Design and the Exploitation of Railway Lines (Zastosowanie mobilnych pomiarów satelitarnych w projektowaniu i eksploatacji dróg szynowych) The article presents a summary of several years research of mobile satellite measurements in designing and exploitation of railway lines. Mobile satellite measurements consist of crossing railway and tram routes with a power car and outboard cars or two-axle boogies, on the top of them GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers are installed. The adopted research methodology and the measurements carried out in the rail and tram track are described. The accuracy of satellite measurements is also the issue of the analysis. It was proven that the optimal solution with maximum accuracy of determining the coordinates GNSS during the inventory of railway routes is currently the use of the Global Positioning System (in Russian: GLObalnajaNAwigacionnajaSiStema). Simultaneously, it is noted that the determination of the existing routes coordinates in the national reference system 2000 with the use of GNSS techniques leads to the need of verifying the existing designing methodology. The paper presents an assumptions of a new method of railway geometrical layout designing adapted to the techniques of satellite measurements. To resolve the designing issue, the universal system of equations describing the entire geometrical layout is determined. Furthermore, the identification of the geometrical layout of the existing track is enabled by the knowledge of the coordinates. The modules of ongoing software SATTRACK are described. This computer program is made to visualize, assess and design the railway layout. Moreover, it includes visualization of railway route planning, the evaluation of track straight sections, creating a major a polygon directions, evaluation of curved sections and the Summaries – Problemy Kolejnictwa – Issue 166 Page 3/5 determination of the exploited railway track axis shape. The assessment of the railway track axis regulation effects are also a subject of the paper. Keywords: GNSS geodetic measurements, accuracy assessment, track geometrical layout, designing method, identification of the track shape, track axis regulation V.G.Kuznetzov: The Rule of the Rational Mode of Traction Power Supply, Taking Into Account the Reliability Energy Devices (Принципы определения рациональных режимовсистем тягового электроснабжения с учётом надёжности силового оборудования) Increase of competitiveness and profitability of work of railway transport of Ukraine is impossible without the solution of a number of prime problems, among which: ensuring rational technology of transportation process by energetic, economic and ecological criteria; development of infrastructure of railway transport for ensuring high-speed movement; improvement of infrastructure; planning of consumption of energy resources; introduction of effective methods of management on railway transport at all levels. In this list the energy saving problem in power supply systems is especially important. This problem has a complex, multilevel and multiple-factor character. Definition of rational modes of systems of power supply of direct current railways was carried out earlier without realities of nowadays when under the conditions of market economy there are various options of electricity supply (on the simple rate tariffs, the multilevel tariffs or wholesale prices for the electric power). Today the value of a power component in a tariff for transportations reached 20%, and taking into account world tendencies this value will raise further. During decision making process we must take into account not only technical indicators (for example, the cost of the consumed electric power). This article describe the principles of providing rational modes of power supply systems taking into account the reliability of power equipment. On this basement can be created the monitoring system for providing rational modes which could estimate for the given moment of time a mode of power system of and offer measures for providing a rational one. The author provides the description of a specialized program complex that can define rational modes of traction power supply systems. The given program complex uses genetic algorithm for definition of the rational modes. Article contains screenshots of the developed program complex. Keywords: power supply system, genetic algorithm, energy saving, program complex Andrzej Lewiński, Zbigniew Łukasik, Tomasz Perzyński, Paweł Ukleja: Railway Control Systems Using New Telematics Technology (Systemy sterowania ruchem wykorzystujące nowe technologie telematyczne) In the paper the new generations of control and management railway systems are presented, with particular emphasis on regional lines. The current rail infrastructure of regional lines enables the use of new telematic technologies, including open radio Summaries – Problemy Kolejnictwa – Issue 166 Page 4/5 transmission to the control, management and monitoring of rail vehicle. The efficiency and safety analysis, presented in the paper, was based at stochastic processes. Such approach is consistent with railway standards and EU recommendations. Keywords: railway control systems, telematics, safety, open transmission, Markov processes Andrzej Marczak: Software Defined Radio Technology in Rail Transport (Technologia radia programowalnego w transporcie szynowym) Software Defined Radio technology enables the realization of devices in various types of analog and digital radiocommunication systems. This paper presents the issues concerning the implementation of the SDR. GNU Radio software The paper presents GNU Radio software used to implement the signal processing implemented in SDR transceiver devices. It also presents a GNU Radio Companion graphical environment, which facilitates the design and implementation of software for the implementation of the SDR. Ex-ample of the transmitter and receiver applications implemented using the GNU Radio software, shows the ease with which you can create transceivers in SDR technology. This application has been launched and worked on the SDR hardware platform realizing connection with devices made in the existing technology. Scheme and construction of the SDR hardware platform are also described in the paper. SDR technology allows you to quickly change the properties of hardware equipment and adapting it to the current application. This technology allows you to use the same hardware equipment, with appropriate software, in different, often diverse applications e.g. in rail or road transport and special applications. In addition, the ability to easily, software upgrade equipment properties allows increase the time of use the hardware equipment. Keywords: SDR, GNU Radio, GNU Radio Companion Norbert Radek, Izabela Pliszka, Dariusz Liszewski: Properties of the Coatings Produced Technologies Using a Concentrated Beam of Energy and their Potential use in Rolling Stock (Właściwości powłok wytwarzanych technologiami wykorzystującymi skoncentrowany strumień energii i ich potencjalne zastosowanie w taborze kolejowym) The paper is concerned with determining the influence of the laser treatment process on the properties of electro spark coatings. The properties were assessed after laser treatment by analysing microstructure and measuring the roughness, microhardness, porosity and corrosion resistance. The studies were conducted using WC-Cu electrodes produced by the powder metallurgy route of nanostructural powders. The coatings were deposited by means of the EIL-8A and they were laser treated with the Nd:YAG, BLS 720 model. The WC-Cu coatings before and after modification of the laser can act as anti-wearand protective, allowing their use in rolling stock. Keywords: electro-spark deposition, laser treatment, coating Summaries – Problemy Kolejnictwa – Issue 166 Page 5/5 Mirosław Siergiejczyk, Jerzy Chmiel, Adam Rosiński: Modern Solutions of CCTV Systems Used in Rail Transport The paper presents the issues related to CCTV systems. The devices included in their composition were showed and characterised. Modern solutions (both in the field of CCTV systems and ICT safety), which are currently being implemented in these systems, were presented. Keywords: CCTV systems, transport, virtual private networks