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SUMMARY
advantage was its size size, advantageous connections and considerable
influence it exerted on the middle class. Nevertheless, it only enabled the
kindred to maintain its status in the local elite. The said connections led, in
turn, to the loss of the substantial part of the clan properties on account of
the properties inherited by women. To maintain a suitable financial status
and enhance efficiency and income, villages and towns had to be located
on German law. By contrast, an opportunity for promotion for the middle
nobility devoid of patronage of a distinguished politician led through
the royal court and competences (e.g. university education) facilitating the
assumption of lower administrative posts.
The nobility was formed on grounds of agnatic kinship setting up the
structure of the kindred, within which each family established their own
cognatic kinship and relations arising from affinity. The genealogical study
embracing a greater number of the families operative in the particular area
enables us to formulate a hypothesis that family connections were significant
not only for two narrow family circles connected via marriage of their
representatives. Cultivation of family connections between two or more
families in the longer period of time and, different families in various areas
is to be observed. In consequence, by virtue of inheritance of the properties
on the distaff side, neighbourly relations tightened between the kindred
(e.g. kindred of Janina, Dębno, Grzymała and Rawicz), while cooperation
was displayed in mutual patronage. The cultivation of that kind of relations
allowed such “clan coalitions” to retain a strong position in the local elite,
even if by means of dominance of the local knight judiciary. Representatives
of the middle nobility had properties located in different parts of the
country, at times in different districts. Two models of division of properties
were in use. The first one distributed transversely each estate in accordance
with the number of heirs, the second one in accordance with the group of
properties. Representatives of the kindred of Janina, for instance, followed
the first model most often, which served to maintain a strong position in
the land of Sandomierz (including the land of Lublin). Families of Doliwa
and Powała, in turn, from as the 12th century, inherited certain properties
in their entirety. Accordingly, it led to the emergence of certain lines, then
territorial branches linked to particular districts. The outcome, though,
proved to be non-beneficial. Narrowing of the area of the social activity,
along with gradual internal fragmentation of the properties, resulted in
pauperization preventing the promotion of the family members who stayed
mostly in other parts. Such was the fate of the kindred of Powała and Doliwa
of Sandomierz.
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
AC
AGAD
AGZ
AKH AU
Annales
A.Of.
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AP
AS
Boniecki, Herbarz polski
Bullarium Poloniae
CDMG
CE
Czerska
DP
DSZK
A.Ep.
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—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
GK
—
Inscr. clen.
—
KDP
KDW
KK
KŁ
Knigi
Koch.
LB
LBŁ
LR
Metryka
MH
MK
Mog.
Mp.
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Acta capitulorum nec non iudiciorum ecclesiasticorum selecta
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie
Akta grodzkie i ziemskie
Archiwum Komisji Historycznej Akademii Umiejętności
Ioannis Dlugossii Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae
Acta Officialia w Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie
Archiwum Państwowe
Archiwum książąt Lubartowiczów-Sanguszków
A. Boniecki, Herbarz polski
Bullarium Poloniae
Codex diplomaticus et commemorationum Masoviae generalis
Codex epistolaris saeculi decimi quinti
Księga ziemi czerskiej
Zbiór dokumentów zakonu oo. paulinów w Polsce
Dokumenty sądu ziemskiego krakowskiego
Acta Episcopalia w Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie
Księgi grodzkie krakowskie w Archiwum Narodowym
w Krakowie
Inscriptiones clenodiales ex libris iudicialibus palatinatus Cracoviensis
Codex diplomaticus Poloniae
Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski
Kodeks dyplomatyczny katedry krakowskiej
Księgi łęczyckie 1385–1419
Matricularum Regni Poloniae Codices
Księgi sądowe brzesko-kujawskie
Jan Długosz, Liber beneficiorum
Jan Łaski, Liber beneficiorum archidioecesis Gnesnensis
Księga dochodów i beneficjów diecezji krakowskiej z roku 1529
Metryka Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego z lat 1400–1508
Miesięcznik Heraldyczny
Metryka Koronna (i Metryka Mazowiecka) w AGAD
Diplomata monasterii Clarae Tumbae
Kodeks dyplomatyczny Małopolski